Buddhism: A Selected Bibliography Patrick S. O’Donnell Department of Philosophy Santa Barbara City College (2008) Although a selected bibliography, this is nonetheless a rather long list commensurate with the immense number of titles available on Buddhism. The categories employed are subject to the liabilities and qualifications intrinsic to any such categorization. Some of the more philosophically analytical titles not beholden to a specific Buddhist school of thought I’ve placed in the Miscellany section. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. General The Theravāda Tradition The Mahāyāna Tradition Ch’an/Zen Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism 6. Buddhism in Asia 7. Buddhism outside Asia 8. Social & Political Topics 9. Buddhism and the Arts 10. Miscellany 2 1. – General (Introductory, Survey, Early History, Texts from the Pāli Canon): Akira, Hirakawa. A History of Indian Buddhism: From Śākyamuni to Early Mahāyāna. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1990. Allen, George Francis. The Buddha’s Philosophy. New York: Macmillan, 1959. Armstrong, Karen. The Buddha. New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001. Arnold, Sir Edwin. The Light of Asia or The Great Renunciation…. Boston, MA: Roberts Brothers, 1890. Bahm, A.J. Philosophy of the Buddha. New York: Harper & Row, 1958. Bays, Gwendolyn. The Voice of the Buddha: The Beauty of Compassion (translation of the Lalitavistara Sūtra), 2 Vols. Berkeley, CA: Dharma Publ., 1983. Bechert, Heinz and Richard Gombrich, eds. The World of Buddhism: Monks and Nuns in Society and Culture. London: Thames and Hudson, 1984. Beyer, Stephan B. The Buddhist Experience: Sources and Interpretations. Encino, CA: Dickensen, 1974. Blackstone, Kathryn R. Women in the Footsteps of the Buddha: Struggles for Liberation in the Therigatha. London: Curzon, 1998. Bodhi, Bhikkhu. The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Samyutta Nikāya. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications, 2000. Bodhi, Bhikkhu. Nourishing the Roots: Essays in Buddhist Ethics. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1990. Bodhi, Bhikkhu, ed. Dāna: The Practice of Giving—Selected Essays. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. Bodhi, Bhikkhu and Mahāthera Nārada. A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma. The Abhidhamma Sangaha of Ācarya Anuruddha. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1993. Bucknell, R.S. and Martin Stuart-Fox. The Twilight Language: Explorations in Buddhist Meditation and Symbolism. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1986. Buddhadāsa Bikkhu (Phra Thepwisutthimethi). Heartwood of the Bodhi Tree: The Buddha’s Teaching on Voidness. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 1994. Burtt, E.A. The Teachings of the Compassionate Buddha. New York: New American Library, 1955. Carrithers, Michael. The Buddha. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1983. Carrithers, Michael. The Buddha: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. Carter, John Ross and Malinda Palihawadana, trans. The Dhammapada. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987. Chakravarti, Uma. The Social Dimensions of Early Buddhism. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987. Cheetham, Eric. Fundamentals of Mainstream Buddhism. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle, 1994. Cleary, Thomas. Buddhist Yoga: A Comprehensive Course. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1995. Coleman, James William. The New Buddhism: The Western Transformation of an Ancient Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Collins, Steven. Nirvana and Other Buddhist Felicities: Utopias of the Pali Imaginaire. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 3 Conze, Edward. Buddhism: Its Essence and Development. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1965. Conze, Edward. Buddhist Meditation. New York: Harper and Row, 1969. Conze, Edward. Buddhist Thought in India. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1967. Conze, Edward. A Short History of Buddhism. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1980. Conze, Edward, ed. Buddhist Texts through the Ages. New York: Harper & Row, 1964. Coomaraswamy, Ananda. Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism. New York: Harper & Row, 1964. de Silva, Lily. Nibbāna as Living Experience. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1996. de Silva, Padmasiri. An Introduction to Buddhist Psychology. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 3rd ed., 2001. Dharmasiri, Gunapala. Fundamentals of Buddhist Ethics. Antioch, CA: Golden Leaves, 1989. Dutt, Sukumar. Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1962. Dutt, Sukumar. Early Buddhist Monachism. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1984. Easwaran, Eknath, trans. The Dhammapada. Tomales, CA: Nilgiri Press, 1986. Eckel, Malcolm David. Buddhism: Origins, Beliefs, Practices, Holy Texts, Sacred Places. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Garrett, John. Tales and Teachings of the Buddha: The Jataka Stories in Relation to the Pali Canon. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979. Gethin, Rupert. The Foundations of Buddhism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Goddard, Dwight, ed. A Buddhist Bible. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1970. Goldstein, Joseph. The Experience of Insight: A Simple and Direct Guide to Buddhist Meditation. Boulder, CO: Shambhala, 1983. Gombrich, Richard F. How Buddhism Began: The Conditioned Genesis of the Early Teachings. London: Athlone, 1996. Griffiths, Paul J. On Being Buddha: The Classical Doctrine of Buddhahood. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994. Grimm, George. The Doctrine of the Buddha: The Religion of Reason and Meditation. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 3rd ed., 1982. Guenther, Herbert V. Philosophy and Psychology in the Abhidharma. Berkeley, CA: Shambhala, 1976. Hamilton, Sue. Early Buddhism: A New Approach—The I of the Beholder. Richmond: Curzon Press, 2000. Harris, Elizabeth J. What Buddhists Believe. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publ., 1998. Harvey, Peter. An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Harvey, Peter. An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Heine, Steven and Charles S. Prebish, eds. Buddhism in the Modern World: Adaptations of an Ancient Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Holt, John C. Discipline: The Canonical Buddhism of the Vinayapitaka. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1981. Horner, I.B. Milinda’s Questions. Oxford, UK: Pali Text Society, 1990. 4 Horner, Isaline B. Women Under Primitive Buddhism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1930. Humphreys, Christmas. Buddhism. London: Penguin Books, 1951. Humphreys, Christmas. Studies in the Middle Way: Being Thoughts on Buddhism Applied. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1996. Ireland, John D. The Udāna and Itivuttaka: Two Classics from the Pāli Canon. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1997. Iyer, Raghavan, ed. The Dhammapada with The Udanavarga. Santa Barbara, CA: The Pythagorean Sangha & Concord Grove Press, 1986. Jacobson, Nolan Pliny. Buddhism: The Religion of Analysis. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1974. Jayatilleke, K.N. Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1963. Jayatilleke, K.N. Ethics in Buddhist Perspective. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1972. Jayatilleke, K.N. The Message of the Buddha. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1975. Jones, John Garrett. Tales and Teachings of the Buddha: The Jataka Stories in Relation to the Pali Canon. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1979. Kalupahana, David J. Buddhist Philosophy: A Historical Analysis. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1976. Kalupahana, David J. A History of Buddhist Philosophy: Continuities and Discontinuities. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1992. Kalupahana, David J. The Principles of Buddhist Psychology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1987. Kalupahana, David J. and Indrani Kalupahana. The Way of Siddhartha: A Life of the Buddha. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1987. Karetsky, Patricia Eichenbaum. The Life of the Buddha: Ancient Scriptural and Pictorial Traditions. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1992. Keown, Damien. Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Keown, Damien. Contemporary Buddhist Ethics. London: Curzon Press, 2000. Keown, Damien. The Nature of Buddhist Ethics. London: Macmillan, 1992. Khemā, Ayyā. Being Nobody, Going Nowhere: Meditations on the Buddhist Path. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 1987. Kirthisinghe, B.P. and M. P. Amarasuriya. Colonel Olcott: His Service to Buddhism. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1981. Kitagawa, Joseph M. and Mark D. Cummings, eds. Buddhism and Asian History. New York: Macmillan, 1987. Kloppenborg, Ria. The Paccekabuddha: A Buddhist Ascetic. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1974. Kloppenborg, Ria. The Sūtra on the Foundation of the Buddhist Order (Catusparisatsūtra). Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1973. Klostermaier, Klaus K. Buddhism: A Short Introduction. Oxford, England: Oneworld, 2000. Kohn, Michael H. trans. The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1991. Kohn, Sherab Chodzin. Awakened One: A Life of the Buddha. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 2000. Kornfield, Jack, ed. Teachings of the Buddha. Boston, MA: Shambhala, revised ed., 1995. 5 Kuan, Tse-fu. Mindfulness in Early Buddhism: New Approaches through Psychology and Textual Analysis of Pali, Chinese and Sanskrit Sources. New York: Routledge, 2008. Lamotte, Étienne (Sara Webb-Boin, trans.). History of Indian Buddhism. Louvain-Paris: Peeters Press, 1988. Ling, Trevor O. The Buddha: Buddhist Civilization in India and Ceylon. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1973. Lopez, Donald S., Jr., ed. Buddhism in Practice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995. Lopez, Donald S., Jr. The Story of Buddhism: A Concise Guide to Its History and Teachings. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2001. Mascaró, Juan, trans. The Dhammapada: The Path of Perfection. London: Penguin, 1973. Mitchell, Donald W. Buddhism: Introducing the Buddhist Experience. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Mizuno, Kogen (Richard L. Gage and Charles S. Terry, trans.). Basic Buddhist Concepts. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle, 1987. Murcott, Susan. The First Buddhist Women. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 1991. Nakamura, Hajime. Gotama Buddha: A Biography Based on the Most Reliable Texts. Tokyo: Kosei Publ., 2001. Nakamura, Hajime. Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1996. Ñānamoli, Bhikkhu and Bhikkhu Bodhi, trans. The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications, 1995. Nārada, Thera. The Dhammapada: Pāli Text and Translation with Stories in Brief and Notes. Kuala Luampur, Malaysia: The Buddhist Missionary Society, 3rd ed., 1978. Nyānaponika, Mahāthera. Pathways of Buddhist Thought. London: Allen & Unwin, 1971. Payutto, Bhikkhu P.A. Good, Evil and Beyond: Kamma in the Buddha’s Teaching. Bangkok: Buddhadhammā Foundation, 1993. Potter, Karl H., ed. Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Vol. VII: Abhidharma Buddhism to 150 A.D. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1997. Potter, Karl H., ed. Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Vol. VIII: Buddhist Philosophy from 100 to 350 A.D. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1999. Powers, John. A Concise Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publ., 2000. Prebish, Charles S. The A to Z of Buddhism. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2001. Prebish, Charles S., ed. Buddhism: A Modern Perspective. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1975. Prebish, Charles S., ed. Buddhist Monastic Discipline: The Sanskrit Prātimoksa Sūtras of the Mahāsāmghikas and Mūlasarvāstivādins. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1975. Pye, Michael. The Buddha. London: Duckworth, 1979. Radhakrishnan, S., trans. The Dhammapada. London: Oxford University Press, 1959. Rahula, Walpola. What the Buddha Taught. New York: Grove Press, 1974. Ray, Reginald A. Buddhist Saints in India: A Study in Buddhist Values and Orientations. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Reat, Noble Ross. Buddhism: A History. Berkeley, CA: Asian Humanities Press, 1994. Rewatadhamma, Bhadanta. The First Discourse of the Buddha: Turning the Wheel of Dhamma, Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications, 1997. 6 Reynolds, Frank E. Guide to Buddhist Religion. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall, 1981. Rhys Davids, T.W., trans. The Questions of King Milinda. 2 Vols. New York: Dover, 1963. Robinson, Richard H. and Willard Johnson. The Buddhist Religion. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1982. Ronkin, Nora. Early Buddhist Metaphysics: The Making of a Philosophical Tradition. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005. Sadakata, Akira. Buddhist Cosmology, Philosophy and Origins. Tokyo: Kosei, 1997. Saddhatissa, Hammalawa. Buddhist Ethics: The Path to Nirvana. London: Wisdom, 1987. Saddhatissa, Hammalawa. The Buddha’s Way. New York: Braziller, 1972. Saddhatissa, Hammalawa. The Life of the Buddha. New York: Harper & Row, 1976. Sangharakshita, Maha Sthavira. The Eternal Legacy: An Introduction to the Canonical Literature of Buddhism. London: Tharpa, 1985. Sangharakshita, Maha Sthavira. A Survey of Buddhism: Its Doctrines and Methods through the Ages. London: Tharpa Publ., revised ed., 1987. Schumann, Hans Wolfgang. Buddhism: An Outline of Its Teachings and Schools. Wheaton, IL: Theosophical Publishing House, 1973. Sharma, Arvind. The Philosophy of Religion: A Buddhist Perspective. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995. Shaw, Sarah. Buddhist Meditation: An Anthology of Texts from the Pāli Canon. New York: Routledge, 2006. Strong, John S. The Buddha: A Short Biography. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publ., 2001. Strong, John S. The Experience of Buddhism: Sources and Interpretation. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2nd ed., 2001. Swearer, Donald K. Buddhism and Society in Southeast Asia. Chambersburg, PA: Anima Books, 1981. Tashi Tsering, Geshe (Gordon Mcdougall, ed.). The Four Noble Truths (Foundations of Buddhist Thought, Vol. 1). Somerville, MA: Wisdom Publ., 2005. Thanissaro, Bhikkhu. The Buddhist Monastic Code: The Patimokkha Training Rules Translated and Explained. Valley Center, CA: Metta Forest Monastery, 1994. Thera, Nyanaponika. The Four Sublime States: Contemplations on Love, Compassion, Sympathetic Joy, and Equanimity. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 2006. Thera, Nyanaponika. The Heart of Buddhist Meditation. New York: Samuel Weiser, 1973. Thera, Nyanaponika and Bhikkhu Bodhi, trans. and ed. Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: An Anthology of Suttas from Anguttara Nikāya. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2000. Thera, Nyanaponika and Hellmuth Hecker (Bhikkhu Bodhi, ed.). Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Work, Their Legacy. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 1997. Thera, Piyadassi. The Buddha: His Life and Teaching. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1990. Thera, Piyadassi. Dependent Origination (Paticca Samuppāda). Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1998. Thomas, Edward J. The Life of Buddha as Legend and History. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 3rd ed., 1949. Tsomo, Karma Lekshe. Sisters in Solitude: Two Traditions of Buddhist Monastic Ethics for Women. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996. 7 Tsomo, Karma Lekshe, ed. Sakyadita: Daughters of the Buddha. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1989. Vetter, Tillman. The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1988. Walshe, M. O’ C. Buddhism and Death. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1978. Walshe, M. O’ C. Buddhism and Sex. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1986. Walshe, Maurice, trans. The Long Discourse of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikāya. Boston, MA: Wisdom Publications, 1995. Warder, A.K. Indian Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 3rd ed., 2000. Warren, Henry Clarke. Buddhism in Translations. New York: Atheneum, 1977. Watanabe, Fumimoro. Philosophy and Its Development in the Nikāyas and Abhidhamma. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983. Williams, Paul (with Anthony Tribe). Buddhist Thought: A Complete Introduction to the Indian Tradition. London: Routledge, 2000. Zürcher, Erik. Buddhism, Its Origin and Spread in Words, Maps, and Pictures. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1959. Zysk, Kenneth G. Asceticism and Healing in Ancient India: Medicine in the Buddhist Monastery. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. 2. – The Theravāda Tradition Anderson, Carol S. Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravāda Buddhist Canon. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1999. Aronson, Harvey B. Love and Sympathy in Theravāda Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1980. Bond, George D. The Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka—Religious Tradition, Reinterpretation and Response. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1988. Boisvert, Mathieu. The Five Aggregates: Understanding Theravada Psychology and Soteriology. Delhi: Sri Satguru, 1997. Buddhaghosa, Ācaryā (Bhikkhu Ñānamoli, trans.). The Path of Purification: A Translation of Visuddhimagga by Bhadanācariya Buddhaghosa. Taipei: The Corporate Body of the Buddhist Educational Foundation, 2001. Bunnag, J. Buddhist Monk, Buddhist Layman: A Study of Urban Monastic Organization in Central Thailand. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1973. Burford, Grace G. Desire, Death, and Goodness: The Conflict of Ultimate Values in Theravada Buddhism. New York: Peter Lang Publ., 1990. Carrithers, Michael. The Forest Monks of Sri Lanka: An Anthropological and Historical Study. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983. Carter, John Ross, ed. The Threefold Refuge in the Theravāda Buddhist Tradition. Chambersburg, PA: Anima Books, 1982. Collins, Steven. Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravāda Buddhism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982. 8 de Silva, K.M., et al., eds. Ethnic Conflict in Buddhist Societies: Sri Lanka, Thailand and Burma. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988. Dhamma, Rewata. The First Discourse of the Buddha. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 1997. Dharmasena Thera (Ranjini Obeyesekere, trans.). Jewels of the Doctrine. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991. Fleischaman, Paul R. Karma and Chaos: New and Collected Essays on Vipassana Meditation. Onalaska, WA: Pariyatti Publ., 1999. Frauwallner, Erich. Studies in Abhidharma Literature and the Origins of Buddhist Philosophical Systems. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1995. Gethin, Rupert. The Buddhist Path to Awakening: A Study of the Bodhi-Pakkhiya Dhamma. Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 2nd ed., 2001. Glickman, Marshall. Beyond the Breath: Extraordinary Mindfulness through Whole-Body Vipassana Meditation. Boston, MA: Journey Editions/Periplus Editions, 2002. Gombrich, Richard F. Precept and Practice: Traditional Buddhism in the Rural Highlands of Ceylon. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1971. Gombrich, Richard F. Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo. New York: Routledge, 2nd ed., 2006. Gombrich, Richard F. and Gananath Obeyesekere. Buddhism Transformed: Religious Change in Sri Lanka. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988. Gorkom, Nina van. Abhidhamma in Daily Life. London: Triple Gem Press, 1997. Govinda, Lama Anagarika. The Psychological Attitude of Early Buddhist Philosophy and its Systematic Representation according to Abhiddhamma Tradition. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1992. Gunaratana, Henepola Venerable. Eight Mindful Steps to Happiness: Walking the Path of the Buddha. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 2001. Gunaratana, Henepola Venerable. Mindfulness in Plain English. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 1992. Hamilton, Sue. Identity and Experience: The Constitution of the Human Being According to Early Buddhism. London: Luzac, 1996. Hart, William. The Art of Living: Vipassana Meditation as Taught by S.N. Goenka. New York: HarperCollins, 1987. Harvey, Peter. The Selfless Mind—Personality, Consciousness and Nirvāna in Early Buddhism. London: Curzon Press, 1995. Hoffman, Frank J. Rationality and Mind in Early Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1992. Hoffman, Frank J. and Deegalle Mahinda, eds. Pali Buddhism. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 1996. Holt, John Clifford, Jacob N. Kinnard and Jonathan S. Walters, eds. Constituting Communities: Theravada Buddhism and the Religious Cultures of South and Southeast Asia. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2003. Ishii, Yoneo. Sangha, State, and Society: Thai Buddhism in History. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1986. Kalupahana, David J. Ethics in Early Buddhism. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1995. Katz, Nathan. Buddhist Images of Human Perfection: The Arahant of the Sutta Pitaka Compared with the Bodhisattva and the Mahāsiddha. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2nd ed., 1990. 9 Khema, Ayya. Being Nobody, Going Nowhere. London: Wisdom, 1987. King, Winston L. In the Hope of Nibbāna: An Essay on Theravāda Buddhist Ethics. La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1964. King, Winston L. Theravāda Meditation: The Buddhist Transformation of Yoga. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1980. Kornfield, Jack and Paul Breiter. A Still Forest Pool: The Insight Meditation of Achaan Chah. Wheaton, IL: Quest Books/Theosophical Publ. House, 1985. Lester, R.C. Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1973. Ling, Trevor O. Buddhism, Imperialism and War: Burma and Thailand in Modern History. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1979. Ling, Trevor O. Buddhism and the Mythology of Evil: A Study in Theravāda Buddhism. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publ., 1997. Malalgoda, Kitsiri. Buddhism in Sinhalese Society, 1760-1900. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1976. Ñānananda, Bhikkhu. The Magic of the Mind: An Exposition of the Kālakārāma Sutta. Seattle, WA: Pariyatti Press, 1997. Obeyesekere, Gananath, Frank Reynolds and Bardwell L. Smith, eds. The Two Wheels of Dhamma; Essays on the Theravada Tradition in India and Ceylon. Chambersburg, PA: American Academy of Religion, 1972. Pandita, Sayadaw U. In This Very Life: The Liberation Teachings of the Buddha. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 1993, revised ed. Pérez-Ramón, Joacquin. Self and Non-Self in Early Buddhism. The Hague: Mouton, 1980. Rahula, Walpola. History of Buddhism in Ceylon. Colombo: Gunasena, 1956. Rosenberg, Larry. Breath by Breath: The Liberating Practice of Insight Meditation. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1998. Sangharakshita, Bikkhu. Anāgārika Dharmapāla: A Biographical Sketch. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1983. Smith, Bardwell, ed. Religion and Legitimation of Power in Sri Lanka. Chambersburg, PA: Anima Books, 1978. Smith, Bardwell, ed. The Two Wheels of Dhamma: Essays on the Theravada Tradition in India and Ceylon. Chambersburg, PA: American Academy of Religion, 1972. Spiro, Melford E. Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and Its Burmese Vicissitudes. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2nd ed., 1982. Swearer, Donald K. The Buddhist World of Southeast Asia. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1995. Swearer, Donald K., ed. Me and Mine: Selected Essays of Bhikkhu Buddhadāsa. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1989. Tambiah, Stanley J. Buddhism Betrayed? Religion, Politics and Violence in Sri Lanka. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992. Tambiah, Stanley J. Buddhism and the Spirit-Cults in North-East Thailand. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1970. Tambiah, Stanley J. World Conqueror and World Renouncer: A Study of Buddhism and Polity in Thailand. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Thanissaro, Bhikkhu. The Mind Like Fire Unbound. Barre, MA: Dhamma Dana Publ., 1993. Thera, Nyanaponika (Bhikkhu Bodhi, ed.). Abhidhamma Studies: Buddhist Explorations of 10 Consciousness and Time. Boston, MA: Wisdom/Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1998. Trainor, Kevin. Relics, Ritual, and Representation in Buddhism: Rematerializing the Sri Lankan Theravada Tradition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Wijayaratna, Mohan. Buddhist Monastic Life According to the Texts of the Theravada Tradition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 3. – The Mahāyāna Tradition (See too, Ch’an/Zen Buddhism) Abé, Ryūichi. The Weaving of Mantra: Kūkai and the Construction of Esoteric Buddhist Discourse. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Aitken, Robert. New Mahayana: Buddhism for the Postmodern World. Berkeley, CA: Asian Humanities Press, 1991. Anacker, Stefan (trans. and ed.). Seven Works of Vasubandhu, The Buddhist Psychological Doctor. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1984. Batchelor, Stephen, trans. Shantideva: Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1979. Bhattacharya, Kamaleswar, trans. (E.H. Johnston and Arnold Kunst, eds.). The Dialectical Method of Nagarjuna. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2nd ed., 2002. Birnbaum, Raoul. The Healing Buddha. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1989. Blofeld, John. Bodhisattva of Compassion: The Mystical Tradition of Kuan Yin. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1988. Blum, Mark L., ed. The Origins and Development of Pure Land Buddhism: A Study and Translation of Gyonen’s Jodo Homon Genrusho. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002. Blumenthal, James. The Ornament of the Middle Way: A Study of the Madhyamaka Thought of Śantaraksita. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 2004. Boucher, Sandy. Discovering Kwan Yin, Buddhist Goddess of Compassion: A Path Toward Clarity and Peace. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1999. Burton, David F. Emptiness Appraised: A Critical Study of Nāgārjuna’s Philosophy. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 1999. Chang, Garma Chen-chi. The Buddhist Teaching of Totality: The Philosophy of Hwa Yen Buddhism. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1974. Chang, Garma C.C., trans. and ed. A Treasury of Mahāyāna Sūtras: Selections from the Mahāratnakūta Sūtra. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1983. Cheng, Hsueh-li, trans. Nāgārjuna’s “Twelve Gate Treatise.” Dordrecht: Reidel, 1982. Chien Bhikshu, Cheng, trans. Manifestation of the Tathāgata: Buddhahood According to the Avatamsaka Sūtra. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 1993. Cleary, Thomas. Entry into the Inconceivable: An Introduction to Hua Yen Buddhism. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1983. Cleary, Thomas, trans. The Flower Ornament Scripture: Avatamsaka-sūtra. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1983. Conze, Edward, trans. Buddhist Wisdom Books: The Diamond Sutra and the Heart Sutra. London: George Allen & Unwin, 2nd ed., 1975. 11 Conze, Edward. Thirty Years of Buddhist Studies. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1968. Conze, Edward, trans. The Large Sutra on Perfect Wisdom. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1975. Conze, Edward, trans. The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines and its Verse Summary. Bolinas, CA: Four Seasons Foundation, 1973. Conze, Edward. Selected Sayings from the Perfection of Wisdom. Boulder, CO: Prajna, 1978. Cook, Francis H. Hua-yen Buddhism: The Jewel Net of Indra. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1977. Crosby, Kate and Andrew Skilton, trans. Śāntideva, The Bodhicaryāvatāra. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1996. Donner, Neal and Daniel B. Stevenson. The Great Calming and Contemplation: A Study and Annotated Translation of the First Chapter of Chih-I’s Mo-Ho Chih-Kuan. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1993. Dutt, Nalinaksha. Aspects of Mahayana Buddhism and its Relation to Hinayana. London: Luzac, 1930. Eckel, Malcolm David, trans. Jñānagarbha’s Commentary on the Distinction between the Two Truths. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1987. Eckel, Malcolm David. To See the Buddha: A Philosopher’s Quest for the Meaning of Emptiness. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992. Garfield, Jay L., trans. and commentary. The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way: Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Gimello, Robert and Peter N. Gregory. Studies in Ch’an and Hua-yen. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1983. Gómez, Luis O. The Land of Bliss: The Paradise of the Buddha of Measureless Light. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1996. Gregory, Peter N. 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The New Buddhism: The Western Transformation of an Ancient Tradition. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2001. Croucher, Paul. A History of Buddhism in Australia, 1848-1988. Kensington: New South Wales University Press, 1989. de Jong, J.W. A Brief History of Buddhist Studies in Europe and America. Tokyo: Kōsei Publ., 1997. Downing, Michael. Shoes Outside the Door: Desire, Devotion and Excess at San Francisco Zen Center. Washington, DC: Counterpoint Press, 2002. Farber, Don and Rick Fields. Taking Refuge in L.A.: Life in a Vietnamese Buddhist Temple. New York: Aperture Foundation, 1987. Fields, Rick. How the Swans Came to the Lake: A Narrative History of Buddhism in America. Boulder, CO: Shambhala, 3rd ed., 1992. Harris, Elizabeth J. Ānanda Metteyya: The First British Emissary of Buddhism. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1998. Hammond, Phillip E. and David W. MacHacek. Soka Gakkai in America: Accommodation and Conversion. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Humphreys, Christmas. Sixty Years of Buddhism in England (1906-1967). London: Buddhist Society, 1968. Hunter, Louise. Buddhism in Hawaii. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 1971. Hurst, Jane. Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism and the Soka Gakkai in America: The Ethos of a New Religious Movement. New York: Garland Press, 1992. Layman, Emma. Buddhism in America. Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall, 1976. McLellan, Janet. Many Petals of the Lotus: Asian Buddhist Communities in Toronto. Toronto: 42 University of Toronto Press, 1999. MacHacek, David W. and Bryan Wilson, eds. Global Citizens: The Soka Gakkai Buddhist Movement in the World. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2001. Matthews, Bruce, ed. Buddhism in Canada. New York: Routledge, 2006. Metraux, Daniel. The Lotus and the Maple Leaf: The Soka Gakkai Buddhist Movement in Canada. Lewiston, NY: University Press of America, 1996. Numrich, Paul David. Old Wisdom in the New World: Americanization in Two Immigrant Theravada Buddhist Temples. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1996. Oliver, Ian P. Buddhism in Britain. London: Rider, 1979. Prebish, Charles S. Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1999. Prebish, Charles S. and Martin Bauman, eds. Westward Dharma: Buddhism Beyond Asia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002. Prebish, Charles S. and Kenneth K. Tanaka, eds. The Faces of Buddhism in America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998. Rapaport, Al and Brian Hotchkiss, eds. Buddhism in America: Proceedings of the First Buddhism in America Conference. Rutland,VT: Charles E. Tuttle, 1998. Sangharakshita. New Currents in Western Buddhism. Glasgow: Windhorse, 1990. Seager, Richard Hugh. Buddhism in America. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. Snow, David A. Shakubuku: A Study of the Nichiren Shoshu Buddhist Movement in America, 1960-1975. New York: Garland, 1993. Spuler, Michelle. Developments in Australian Buddhism: Facets of the Diamond. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002. Storlie, Erik Fraser. Nothing on My Mind: An Intimate Account of American Zen. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1996. Tamney, Joseph B. American Society in the Buddhist Mirror. New York: Garland, 1992. Tuck, Donald. Buddhist Churches of America: Jodo Shinshu. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1987. Tweed, Thomas A. The American Encounter with Buddhism, 1844-1912: Victorian Culture and the Limits of Dissent. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. Tworkov, Helen. Zen in America: Five Teachers and the Search for an American Buddhism. San Francisco, CA: North Point Press, 1989. Van Esterik, Penny. Taking Refuge: Lao Buddhists in North America. Tempe, AZ: Program for Southeast Asian Studies, Arizona State University, 1992. Welbon, Guy R. The Buddhist Nirvana and Its Western Interpreters. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1968. Wenger, Michael, ed. Wind Bell: Teachings from the San Francisco Zen Center, 1968-2001. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 2001. Williams, Duncan Ryuken and Christopher S. Queen, eds. American Buddhism: Methods and Findings in Recent Scholarship. Richmond, UK: Curzon, 1999. 43 8. – Social & Political Topics Aung San Suu Kyi. Freedom from Fear & Other Writings. London: Penguin, revised ed., 1995. Badiner, Allan Hunt, ed. Dharma Gaia: A Harvest of Essays in Buddhism and Ecology. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 1990. Batchelor, Martine and Kerry Brown, eds. Buddhism and Ecology. London: Cassell, 1992. Boucher, Sandy. Turning the Wheel: American Women Creating the New Buddhism. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1993. Cabezón, José Ignacio, ed. Buddhism, Sexuality, and Gender. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992. Chappell, David W., ed. Buddhist Peacework: Creating Cultures of Peace. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 1999. Cooper, David E. and Simon P. James. Buddhism, Virtue and Environment. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005. de Silva, Padmasiri. Environmental Philosophy and Ethics in Buddhism. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998. Dresser, Marianne, ed. Buddhist Women on the Edge: Contemporary Perspectives from the Western Frontier. Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1996. Eppsteiner, Fred, ed. The Path of Compassion: Writings on Socially Engaged Buddhism. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 2nd ed., 1988. Faure, Bernard. The Power of Denial: Buddhism, Purity, and Gender. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003. Faure, Bernard. The Red Thread: Buddhist Approaches to Sexuality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. Findley, Ellison Banks, ed. Women’s Buddhism, Buddhism’s Women: Tradition, Revision, Renewal. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 2000. Friedman, Lenore. Meetings with Remarkable Women: Buddhist Teachers in America. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1987. Friedman, Lenore and Susan Moon, eds. Being Bodies: Buddhist Women on the Paradox of Embodiment. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1997. Glassman, Bernard. Bearing Witness: A Zen Master’s Lessons in Making Peace. New York: Bell Tower, 1999. Gross, Rita M. Buddhism after Patriarchy: A Feminist History, Analysis, and Reconstruction of Buddhism. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1993. Gross, Rita M. Soaring and Setting: Buddhist Perspectives on Contemporary Social and Religious Issues. New York: Continuum, 1998. Gross, Rita M. and Terry C. Muck. Buddhists Talk about Jesus, Christians Talk about the Buddha. New York: Continuum, 2000. Halifax, Joan. The Fruitful Darkness: Reconnecting with the Body of the Earth. New York: HarperCollins, 1993. Harris, Ian, ed. Buddhism and Politics in Twentieth Century Asia. London: Pinter-Cassell, 1999. Hershock, Peter D. Reinventing the Wheel: A Buddhist Response to the Information Age. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999. Hershock, Peter D. Buddhism in the Public Sphere: Reorienting Global Interdependence. New York: Routledge, 2006. 44 Inada, Kenneth K. and Nolan Jacobsen, eds. Buddhism and American Thinkers. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1984. James, Simon P. Zen Buddhism and Environmental Ethics. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2004. Jones, Ken. Beyond Optimism: A Buddhist Political Ecology. Oxford, UK: Jon Carpenter, 1993. Jones, Ken. The Social Face of Buddhism: An Approach to Social and Political Activism. London: Wisdom, 1989. Kapleau, Roshi Philip. To Cherish All Life: A Buddhist Case for Becoming Vegetarian. New York: HarperCollins, 1982. Kapleau, Roshi Philip. To Cherish All Life: A Buddhist View of Animal Slaughter and Meat Eating. Rochester, NY: The Zen Center, 1981. Kaza, Stephanie and Kenneth Kraft, eds. Dharma Rain: Sources of Buddhist Environmentalism. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 2000. Keown, Damien. Buddhism and Bioethics. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995. Keown, Damien, ed. Buddhism and Abortion. London: Macmillan, 1998. Keown, Damien, et al., eds. Buddhism and Human Rights. London: Curzon, 1998. Khong, Chan. Learning True Love: How I Learned and Practiced Social Change in Vietnam. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 1993. Klein, Anne C. Meeting the Great Bliss Queen: Buddhists, Feminists and the Art of the Self. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1995. Kotler, Arnold, ed. Engaged Buddhist Reader. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 1996. Kraft, Kenneth. The Wheel of Engaged Buddhism: A New Map of the Path. New York: Weatherhill, 2000. Kraft, Kenneth, ed. Inner Peace, World Peace: Essays on Buddhism and Nonviolence. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992. LaFleur, William. Liquid Life: Abortion and Buddhism in Japan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992. Leyland, Winston, ed. Queer Dharma: Voices of Gay Buddhists, Vol. 1. San Francisco, CA: Gay Sunshine Press, 1998. Lopez, Donald S., Jr., ed. Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism under Colonialism. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1995. Macy, Joanna. Dharma and Development: Religion as Resource in the Sarvodaya Self-help Movement. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press, revised ed., 1985. Michael, Franz H. Rule by Incarnation: Tibetan Buddhism and its Role in Society and State. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1982. Nakasone, Ronald Y. Ethics of Enlightenment: Essays and Sermons in Search of a Buddhist Ethic. Fremont, CA: Dharma Cloud Publ., 1990. Nhat Hanh, Thich. Interbeing: Fourteen Guidelines for Engaged Buddhism. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, revised ed., 1993. Padmasuri. But Little Dust: Life Amongst the “Ex-Untouchable” Buddhists of India. New York: Weatherhill, 1997. Phelps, Norm. The Great Compassion: Buddhism and Animal Rights. New York: Lantern Press, 2004. Prebish, Charles S., ed. Buddhist Ethics: A Cross-Cultural Approach. Dubuque, IA: Kendal/ Hunt Publ., 1992. Preston, David L. The Social Organization of Zen Practice: Constructing Transcultural Reality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 45 Queen, Christopher S., Charles S. Prebish and Damien Keown, eds. Action Dharma: New Studies in Engaged Buddhism. London: Curzon, 2003. Queen, Christopher S., ed. Engaged Buddhism in the West. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 2000. Queen, Christopher S. and Sallie B. King, ed. Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996. Ray, Himanshu P. Monastery and Guild: Commerce under the Satavahanas. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1986. Sherrill, Martha. The Buddha from Brooklyn. New York: Random House, 2000. Sidor, Ellen S., ed. A Gathering of Spirit: Women Teaching in American Buddhism. Cumberland, RI: Primary Point Press, 1987. Sivaraksa, Sulak. Seeds of Peace: A Buddhist Vision for Renewing Society. Berkeley, CA: Parallax Press, 1991. Sizemore, Russell F. and Donald K. Swearer, eds. Ethics, Wealth, and Salvation: A Study in Buddhist Social Ethics. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1990. Snyder, Gary. A Place in Space: Ethics, Aesthetics, and Watersheds. Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 1995. Snyder, Gary. The Practice of the Wild. San Francisco, CA: North Point Press, 1990. Snyder, Gary. The Real Work: Interviews and Talks, 1964-1979. New York: New Directions, 1980. Tonkinson, Carole, ed. Big Sky Mind: Buddhism and the Beat Generation. New York: Riverhead Books, 1995. Topmiller, Robert J. The Lotus Unleashed: The Buddhist Peace Movement in South Vietnam, 1964-1966. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2003. Tsomo, Karma Lekshe, ed. Buddhism Through American Women’s Eyes. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1995. Tucker, Mary Evelyn and Duncan Ryūkan Williams, eds. Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds. Cambridge, MA: Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity School (and Harvard University Press), 1998. Ueki, Masatoshi. Gender Equality in Buddhism. New York: Peter Lang, 2001. Victoria, Brian. Zen at War. New York: Weatherhill, 1997. Williams, Duncan Ryuken. Buddhism and Ecology: The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Center for the Study of World Religions, 1997. 9. – Buddhism and the Arts Addiss, Stephen. The Art of Zen: Painting and Calligraphy by Japanese Monks, 1600-1925. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Avedon, John F., ed. The Buddha’s Art of Healing: Tibetan Paintings Rediscovered. New York: Rizzoli, 1998. Awakawa, Yasuichi (John Bester, trans.). Zen Painting. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1978. Baker, Ian A. and Thomas Laird. The Dalai Lama’s Secret Temple: Tantric Wall Paintings from Tibet. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000. 46 Barnet, Sylvan and William Burto. Zen Ink Paintings. Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1982. Baskett, Mary W. Footprints of the Buddha. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1980. Beer, Robert. The Encyclopedia of Tibetan Symbols and Motifs. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1999. Beer, Robert. The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 2003. Behl, Benoy K. The Ajanta Caves: Artistic Wonder of Ancient Buddhist India. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1998. Bentor, Yael. Consecration of Images and Stupas in Indo-Tibetan Tantric Buddhism. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997. Berkson, Carmel. The Caves at Aurangabad: Early Buddhist Tantric Art in India. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 1987. Bhattacharya, Benoytosh. The Indian Buddhist Iconography, Mainly Based on the Sadhanamala and Other Cognate Tantric Texts of Rituals. London: Humphrey Milford/Oxford University Press, 1924. Brauen, Martin, ed. (Martin Willson, trans.). Deities of Tibetan Buddhism: The Zurich Paintings of the Icons Worthwhile to See. Boston, MA: Wisdom, 2000. Brauen, Martin (Martin Willson, trans.). The Mandala: Sacred Circle in Tibetan Buddhism. Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1997. Brinker, Helmut. Zen in the Art of Painting. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987. Bryant, Barry and the Namgyal Monastery. The Wheel of Time Sand Mandala: Visual Scripture of Tibetan Buddhism. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, revised ed., 2003. Bunce, Frederick W. An Encyclopedia of Buddhist Deities, Demigods, Godlings, Saints, and Demons with Special Focus on Iconographic Attributes, 2 Vols. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 1994. Chandra, Lokesh. Dictionary of Buddhist Iconography, 2 Vols. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan, revised ed., 1999. Cook, Elizabeth and Yeshe De Project editorial team. The Stupa: Sacred Symbol of Enlightenment. Berkeley, CA: Dharma Publ., 1997. Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. Elements of Buddhist Iconography. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1972. Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. The Origin of the Buddha Image. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1980. Cummings, Joe (text) and Bill Wassman (photographer). Buddhist Stupas in Asia: The Shape of Perfection. Melbourne: Lonely Planet Publ., 2001. Cunningham, Alexander. Stupa of Bharhut. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharial Publ., 1998. 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