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Tissues:
The Living Fabric
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Tissues: The Living Fabric
Unit Front Page
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Tissue: The Living Fabric
At the end of this unit, I will:
□ Explain the structural and functional characteristics of epithelial tissue.
□ Name, classify, and describe the various types of epithelia.
□ Indicate the chief functions of each type of epithelia.
□ Define glands and differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands.
□ Identify common characteristics of connective tissue and describe its
structural elements.
□ Classify and identify the types of connective tissues found in the body
and indicate their characteristics.
□ Explain the general characteristics of nervous tissue.
□ Compare and contrast the structures and body locations of the three
types of muscle tissue.
□ Describe the structure and function of cutaneous, mucous, and serous
membranes.
□ Outline the process of tissue repair of a superficial wound.
Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes I will understand and recognize in words
are:
□ ap-, areola-, basal-, blast-, chyme-, endo-, epi-, holo-, hormon-, hyal-,
lamina-, mero-, meso-, retic-, sero-, squam-, strat-, epithet-, pseudo□ –crine, -glia,
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Special Characteristics of Epithelium
Description
Function
Location
Simple
Squamous
Epithelia
Simple
Cuboidal
Epithelia
Simple
Columnar
Epithelia
PseudoStratified
Columnar
Epithelia
Stratified
Squamous
Epithelia
Transitional
Epithelia
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Reading Guide: Chapter 4a
Tissues: The Living Fabric
Tissue Intro, Epithelia, and Glandular Cells
Instructions: The specific instructions for various activities and the grading
rubric for reading guides can be found on pages 11 – 19 and pages 30 – 31 of
your intNB. Refer to these pages carefully, as you will be completing reading
guides all throughout this year.
1. Read pgs. 118 – 119: Introduction, Preparing Human Tissue for Microscopy and Epithelial
Tissue.
On page 144 of your intNB, write a GIST on the Special Characteristics of Epithelium.
On the image to your left, page 141 of your intNB, label the apical surface and the basal
surface. Color the connective tissue yellow, the basement membrane blue, and the cells
pink. Color the cell nuclei red. Use the same color scheme for coloring exercises of other
tissues in this reading guide.
2. Read pages 119 – 124: Classification of Epithelia
Using the same color schemes as in the exercise above, color the different classes of
epithelial cells on the three-tab foldable that your teacher will give you. Cut out the tabs
and glue or tape the foldable onto page 143 of your intNB using the left strip of the
foldable. You will fill in notes about these cells during lecture.
On the table to your left on page 141, fill in information on each epithelial cell type’s
description, function, and location. Figure 4.2 in your textbook will help you. Take NOTES.
Don’t use full sentences.
3. Read pages 124 – 126: Glandular Epithelia.
Write a GIST about glandular Epithelia on page 144.
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Three-Tab Foldable of Epithelial Classification
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Reading Guide Chapter 4a: Tissue Intro, Epithelia, and Glands
GIST 1
Special Characteristics of Epithelium
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Identify each of the following tissues:
Tissue Type: ____________________________
Tissue Type: ____________________________
Tissue Type: ____________________________
Tissue Type: ____________________________
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Date_______________
Chapter 4: Tissues Introduction, Epithelial Tissue
Classification, Glands
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Label the following epithelial tissue samples during lecture
Identifying Characteristics of Epithelial Cells
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
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Simple Columnar Epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Gland Formation
Mode of Secretion
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152
Example of the QUALITY needed to receive credit for scientific drawings.
Microscopic Original
Reproduced Hand-drawn Image
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Epithelial Tissue Lab
Materials required: Prepared slides, 1 microscope per pair, intNB, colored pencils (your
responsibility to supply), pencil for drawing.
Part A: Microscopic Specimens
Your assignment is to carefully view the following prepared microscopic slides, locate the
epithelial tissue on the slide and then carefully draw a replication of what you are seeing
under the microscope. NOTE: if you do not follow proper scientific drawing guidelines, you
may not receive credit. Refer to pages 23 – 29 of your intNB, if you need to review the
guidelines. An example of the quality expected of you has been provided on the opposite
page.
Tips for Success:






ALWAYS view your slides under the highest objective – to locate the lumen, start
with the low objective, switch to medium, then to the highest objective.
Each slide is worth between $5-10. DO NOT DROP these!!!
Your drawings should be completely accurate – not just circles or columns. If your
picture does not look like transitional epithelium, it CANNOT receive full credit.
Your drawings should be in color and the color should match that seen on the slide.
Remember to find a clear LUMEN. The epithelial tissue borders that lumen. You may
need to ask your instructor for assistance.
You do NOT have to draw every single cell you see in your field of view. Focus on
the epithelial cells and draw surrounding tissue in order to give it perspective. Your
drawings will serve as notes for the exam on this unit. The better your drawings, the
more they will help you in preparation for the portion of the exam that utilizes
microscopic images!
Required Slides to Study:
A. Simple Columnar – Stomach OR Simple Ciliated
B. Stratified Squamous
C. Simple Cuboidal – kidney
D. Transitional – urinary bladder
Produce your drawings on the left pages of your intNB (pgs 152 and 154). Be sure to do the
following for EACH specimen:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Name the tissue
Indicate the magnification of the image
Color it correctly – as you saw it in the scope
Label it with leader lines – horizontal lines, neat labels. Use the following labels when it
is possible for each image:
a. Apical surface
b. Nucleus
c. Basement membrane
d. Lumen
e. Indicate the connective tissue below the epithelial if possible.
Extra Credit:
Choose the Small Intestine slide. Find the lumen, draw the epithelial
tissue and identify the type of epithelial tissue found. Hint – lumen in small intestine is in
the middle of it.
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Extra Credit: Small Intestine
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Epithelial Tissue Lab
Part B: Tissue Review
Tissue Structure and Function – General Review
1. Define a tissue:
2. Use the key choices to identify the major tissue types described below:
KEY: A. connective tissue
B. epithelium C. muscle
D. nervous tissue
a.
lines body cavities and covers the body’s external surface
b.
pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to jump
c.
transmits electrochemical impulses
d.
anchors, packages, and supports body organs
e.
cells of this type may absorb, secrete, or filter
f.
most involved in regulating and controlling body functions
g.
major function is to contract
h.
synthesizes hormones
i.
the most durable tissue type
j.
contains an abundant amount of nonliving extracellular material
k.
most widespread tissue in the body
l.
forms nerves and the brain
3. Describe five key characteristics of epithelial tissue
4. On what basis are epithelial tissues classified?
5. How is the function of epithelium reflected in its physical arrangement?
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Label the tissue types illustrated here. Identify all structures provided with leaders. For
each, also identify the lumen space. Color the illustrations in an organized manner. For
example, all connective tissue can be colored the same, yellow, for instance.
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
c. ________________________
d. ________________________
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6. Where is ciliated epithelium found?
7. What role does it play in the body?
8. Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium, but there is
something special about it. How does it differ structurally from other stratified
squamous epithelia?
9. How does the above difference reflect its function in the body?
10. Respond to the following with the choices listed below.
KEY:
A. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
B. simple columnar
C. simple cuboidal
D. simple squamous
E. stratified squamous
F. transitional
a.
made of one layer of cubed cells
b.
forms the epidermis of the skin
c.
lines the bladder, peculiar cells that can slide over each other
d.
made up of many layers of flattened cells
e.
composed of one layer of long thin cells
f.
found lining bronchial tubes
g.
makes up the alveolar sacs of lungs
h.
makes up the tubules in the kidneys
i.
the thinnest, most delicate epithelial tissue
j.
made up of one layer of cells, but appears to be multi layered
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Chapter 4a
Study Guide
Introduction to
Tissues, Epithelia,
and Glands
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160
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161
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162
Identify the following epithelial tissues and label each of the structures with
leaders.
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
a. _____________________________
b. _____________________________
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6.
7.
8.
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Color the following goblet cell and answer the following questions.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
1. What appears to take up the majority of the space in the globlet cell and which organelle
produces this structure? _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What is contained within this structure?_______________________________________
3. Relate how the endomembrane system (rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Body,
specifically) are involved in the goblet cell’s primary function. ________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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9.
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Areolar Tissue
Match the structure to the function
(use letters)
Coloring Instructions:
collagen fibers [A] yellow.
fibroblasts [B] blue.
mast cells [C] purple .
macrophages [D] orange
elastic fibers [E] green (shade
over the line)
□ blood vessel and blood cells [F]
red.
□ fat cells [G] pink.
□
□
□
□
□
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
objects
4. ____
5. ____
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Store energy
Production of fibers
Consume debris and foreign
Fiber that makes up tendons
Prevention of blood clots
167
Reading Guide: Chapter 4b
Connective, Nervous, and Muscle Tissue
Membranes and Tissue Repair
Instructions: The specific instructions for various activities and the grading
rubric for reading guides can be found on pages 11 – 19 and pages 30 – 31 of
your intNB. Refer to these pages carefully, as you will be completing reading
guides all throughout this year.
1. Read pgs. 126-130: Connective Tissue Introduction, Common Characteristics of
Connective Tissue, and Structural Elements of Connective Tissue
On page 170 of your intNB, write a GIST that explains how ALL connective tissues are the
same STRUCTURALLY.
On page 167 of your intNB, color the areolar tissue and complete the matching section.
2. Read pgs 131 – 139: Types of Connective Tissue.
On the left page 169 of your intNB, create a flow-chart or concept map to organize the
different types of connective tissue.
Your concept map must connect the following terms in concept “bubbles” to show their
interconnected relationship: Connective Tissue, Connective Tissue Proper, Loose Connective
Tissue, Dense Connective Tissue, Areolar, Adipose, Reticular, Dense Regular, Dense
Irregular, Elastic, Cartilage, Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Bone, Blood.
In addition, for each of the above terms, include TWO significant facts that are
interconnected to each bubble.
The concept map has been started for you.
3. Read pgs 139-143: Nervous and Muscle Tissue; Covering and Lining Membranes
On page 171 of your intNB, create an illustration of a neuron. Label the cell body,
dendrites, and axon of the neuron. Be sure to use color.
Also on page 171 of your intNB, illustrate the differences between a skeletal muscle, cardiac
muscle, and smooth muscle in the 3-column table provided. Label your illustrations with
“appropriate” structural characteristics to show the differences. Use color.
4. Read pgs 143 – 145
On page 170 of your intNB, write a GIST about Tissue Repair.
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Connective Tissue Concept Map
Dense Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
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Reading Guide Chapter 4b: Connective, Nervous, Muscle Tissue
Membranes and Tissue Repair
GIST 1
STRUCTURAL similarities in Connective Tissue
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Neuron of Nervous Tissue
Muscular System
Skeletal
Muscle
Cardiac
Muscle
Smooth
Muscle
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Date_______________
Chapter 4b: Connective Tissue and Tissue Repair
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Label the ground substance, as in lecture:
Fill in notes on Fibers of the Extracellular Matrix next to images:
Collagen:
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Elastic Fiber:
Reticular Network:
Label the Loose Connective Tissue Areolar:
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Label the Loose Connective Tiissue: Adipose
Label the Loose Connective Tissue: Reticular Network
Label the Dense Connective Tissue:
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Label the Dense Irregular Connective Tissue:
Label the Hyaline Cartilage:
Label the Elastic Cartilage:
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Label the Fibrocartilage:
Identify which of the following is blood tissue and which is bone tissue:
a) _______________________
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b) ________________________
181
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To the right of the images, take notes from lecture on the steps to tissue repair:
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
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Connective Tissue Lab
Materials required: Prepared slides, 1 microscope per pair, colored pencils (your
responsibility to supply), pencil for drawing.
Part A: Microscopic Specimens
Your assignment is to carefully view the following prepared microscopic slides, locate the
connective tissue on the slide and then carefully draw a replication of what you are seeing
under the microscope.
Tips for Success:





ALWAYS view your slides under the highest objective
Each slide is worth between $5-10. DO NOT DROP these!!!
Your drawings should be completely accurate – not just circles or columns. If your
picture does not look like hyaline cartilage, it CANNOT receive full credit.
Your drawings should be in color and the color should match that seen on the slide.
You do NOT have to draw every single cell you see in your field of view. Your
drawings will serve as notes for the exam on this unit. The better your drawings, the
more they will help you in preparation for the portion of the exam that utilizes
microscopic images!
Required Slides to Study:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Adipose
White Fibrous – which is Dense Regular
Areolar
Elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Bone dry ground
Note – there are some options. You need to draw examples of each of
the tissues above. It is possible to find examples of adipose and areolar
in other slides… feel free to use one slide for multiple tissue types. Just
be sure to draw and label it clearly!!
Produce your drawings on the left pages of your intNB (pgs 184 and 186). Be sure to do the
following for EACH specimen:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Name the tissue
Indicate the magnification of the image
Color it correctly – as you saw it in the scope
Label it with leader lines – horizontal lines, neat labels. Use the following labels
when it is possible for each image:
a.
Fibers if they are present/visible
b.
Nucleus if visible
c.
Lacunae if they exist in the tissue
d.
Ground substance, if you can distinguish it
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Connective Tissue Lab
Part B: Tissue Review
Connective Tissue:
1. What are three general characteristics of connective tissues?
2. What functions are performed by connective tissue?
3. How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure?
Using the key, choose the best response to identify the connective tissues described below.
Key:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
Adipose connective tissue
Areolar connective tissue
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Hematopoietic tissue
Hyaline cartilage
Bone
Dense Irregular CT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
_____Attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones
_____Acts as a storage depot for fat
_____The dermis of the skin
_____Makes up the intervertebral discs
_____Forms the hip bone
_____Composes basement membranes; a soft packaging tissue with a jelly like matrix
_____Forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton
_____Provides a flexible framework for the external ear
_____Firm, structurally amorphous matrix heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy
and smooth
10. _____Matrix hard owing to calcium salts; provides levers for muscles to act on
11. _____Insulates against heat loss
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Extra Credit: Find the Pseudo-stratified Epithelium slide and locate the cartilage found
among the tissue.
What type of cartilage is this?
What is the purpose of that cartilage? (It is around the trachea).
Draw and label your slide:
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What makes adipose cells look kind of like a ring with a single jewel?
Nervous tissue
1. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons (nerve cells)?
2. In what ways are neurons similar to other cells?
3. How are they different from other cells?
4. Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body.
Muscle Tissue
The three types of muscle tissue exhibit similarities as well as differences. Check the
appropriate space in the chart to indicate which muscle types exhibit each characteristic.
Characteristic
Voluntarily controlled
Involuntarily controlled
Striated
Has a single nucleus in each cell
Has several nuclei per cell
Allows you to direct your eyeballs
Found in the walls of the stomach,
uterus and arteries
Contains spindle-shaped cells
Contains branching cylindrical cells
Contains long, no branching cylindrical
cells
Has intercalated discs
Concerned with locomotion of the body
as a whole
Changes the internal volume of an
organ as it contracts
Tissue of the heart
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Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
190
Label the tissue types illustrated here. Identify all structures provided with leaders.
a. ________________________
b. ________________________
canaliculi
c. ________________________
d. ________________________
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Connective Tissue Lab
Part C:
Table of Connective Tissue Characteristics
Be sure to remark on amount of fibers, ground substance, presence of lacunae, etc. when
describing distinctive characteristics. Use Notes, Textbook and Lab Manual to complete this.
Type of
Tissue
Loose
or
Dense?
Distinctive
Characteristics
Locations in
the body/
Functions
Sketch of
typical cells
Areolar
Adipose
Dense
Regular
Dense
Irregular
Hyaline
Cartilage
Elastic
Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Bone
Blood
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Label the tissue types illustrated here. Identify all structures provided with leaders.
e. ________________________
f. ________________________
g. ________________________
h. ________________________
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Chapter 4b
Study Guide
Connective,
Nervous, and
Muscle Tissues
Membranes
Tissue Repair
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Discuss these terms in your lab group, and circle the term that does not belong.
Your lab group must have consensus and be ready to justify/defend your
choices with the class.
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Tissues: The Living Fabric
Unit Back Page (See page 19 for instructions)
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