Biology Review
Fall Final 2014
Name_______________________
Period____ Date____ Page ______
For First Semester Final, review the following questions. Use your textbook using the
chapters and pages indicated. This study guide is required to be completed and brought
to class every day and turned with your final notebook.
Chapter 1:
1.
What is an experiment? (page 8)
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2.
What is a controlled experiment? (page 9)
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3.
What is a manipulated (independent) variable? (page 9)
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4.
Why does a scientist graph scientific data? (page 25)
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5.
Why do scientists publish detailed information about their experimental
work? (page 10) ____________________________________________________
6.
What is a THEORY? (page 14) __________________________________
7.
What is a HYPOTHESIS (page 8) ________________________________
8.
Recall that a scientific error is not an error. It is a difference in
observation and is unavoidable. Which of the following is a scientific error?
a.
Rounding numbers
b.
Built in errors in tools of measurement
c.
Interpreting qualitative data (colors, textures, shapes, sensations,
intensities, etc..)
d.
All of the above are correct!
Chapter 2:
1. What are carbohydrates? Why are they important to living things? (page 45)
2. Which of the following carbohydrates is a monosaccharide? A disaccharide? A
polysaccharide?(page 46)
3. What are lipids? (page 46)
4. What are the two parts of the lipid (fat) molecule? (circle and label each part)
5. What are amino acids?
What are polymers (chains) of amino acids called?
(page 47)
6. What are proteins used for by living things?
7. What are nucleic acids?
8. What are nucleotides?
9. What are the three parts of nucleotides? (circle and label each part) (page 47)
10. How are DNA and RNA similar?
11. During a chemical reaction, bonds are either __________ or ___________.
12. During a chemical reaction, atoms are neither created or lost, they are
simply______________. Hint: H2O + CO2  H2CO3 (carbonated soda)
13. What is energy activation? (page 50)
14. What are enzymes? (page 51) How do they work?
15. An enzyme can be a catalyst. What does this mean? (page 51)
16. What is an enzyme-substrate complex? (page 52)
17. Why do enzymes work on only one substrate?
18. What are three conditions that destroy(denature) and enzyme? (page 53)
19. What would happen if enzymes are placed in a cold environment?
20. If a poisonous jellyfish stings you, why is it good to put ice on the sting (clue:
poisons are usually enzymes)
Chapter 7
21. Name three things that different in plant cells and animal cells (see below)
22. An animal cell is surrounded by a __________ ___________, contains organelles
for energy production called __________________, has a ______________
which contains DNA.
23. A plant cell is surrounded by a ________ __________ which is rigid. It also
contains energy producing organelles called _______________ that us sunlight.
These cells also have a nucleus that contain ________ which is the genetic
material.
24. Prokaryotes lack a ____________ while eukaryotes ________a ___________
25. Which type of cell is considered the most simple type: prokaryote or eukaryote?
Explain.
26. Which is the most complex type: prokaryote or eukaryote? Explain
27. Proteins are synthesized by organelles called _______________
28. Trace the sequence of proteins its origin to point of leaving the cell: use the terms
cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body and ribosomes to explain.
29. How is smooth endoplasmic reticulum different than rough endoplasmic
reticulum?
30. Label the following cell parts:
31. What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?
32. What is endocytosis?
33. What is diffusion?
34. What is osmosis?
Chapter 8
35. What type of molecule is the ribose in this diagram? _______
36. How is energy release from the ribose molecule?
37. In plants the pigments in the chloroplast that captures sun energy is called
_____________
38. What are the reactants in photosynthesis?
39. What are the products in photosynthesis?
40. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis:
41. What type of organism does photosynthesis?
42. What is the product of the Calvin cycle?
43. What is the product of the Light reactions?
Chapter 9
44. Cellular respiration occurs in which organelle?
45. Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration:
46. When comparing the chemical equation of cellular respiration to photosynthesis,
we can say that they are identical / reverse to each other (circle the correct one).
47. The three phases of cellular respiration are
_______________, ____________cycle and _______________ transport
48. Cellular respiration breaks down ___________ to produce ATP. It also releases
__________ and H2O as products.
49. Which of the two cells would probably have the most mitochondria: Muscle cells
or skin cells? Explain your reason.
50. How many ATP do you get out of just 1 glucose molecule
Chapter 11
51. In which organ does meiosis occur? __________________
52. What is genotype?_______________________________________________
53. What is phenotype? ______________________________________________
54. How are traits passed on from parents to offspring?
55. If parent plants come from a pure line of tall plants, why is it unlikely to have
short plant? ____________________________________________
56. Show the above by using a punnet square and the symbols T or t
57. What are the possible gametes from a cat that has TtGg, (T=long tail, t=short tail,
G=green eyes, g=blue eyes)
Chapter 12
58. What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a human body cell? ________
59. What is the haploid number of chromosomes in a human sex cell? ________
60. Are diploid number from mitosis or meiosis? Explain: ________________
61. Are haploid number from mitosis or meiosis? Explain: ________________
62. What is a gene mutation?
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63. What is a substitution mutation?
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64. What is a deletion mutation?
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65. What effect do mutations have a protein production?
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_________
66. What would be the sequence of the mRNA chain from the following sequence of
the DNA molecule: TATAGAC
67. What is crossing over?
68. What is the male gamete?
69. What is the female gamete?
70. If a Zebra has 44 as its 2N diploid chromosome number in its butt cells, what
would be the number of chromosomes in its sperm or egg cells?
71. How does meiosis result in unique organisms from the same parents?
72. How does meiosis affect genetic variation?