Human A&P: Cellular Metabolism Study Guide (Standard: SB1d)
Item # _____
1.
Macromolecules are considered to be organic molecules because they contain the element ________________.
2.
________________________ are the primary source of energy for living things and are formed from
________________________ monomers.
a. __________________ is known as blood sugar.
b. The animal storage polysaccharide is ___________________, while plants store excess sugar in the
polysaccharide ___________________.
3.
_________________ are important in forming biological membranes and are formed from _________ ______
monomers.
4.
______________ ___________ store and transmit genetic information and are formed from
___________________monomers.
5.
___________________ are structural molecules composed of ____________ ___________ monomers.
a. __________________ are specialized proteins that act as biological catalysts to lower the activation
energy of chemical reactions. The act on specific substances called __________________.
6.
____________________ is all the chemical processes that occur in the cell.
a. Constructive metabolic processes are called _____________________ and include the building of
polymers from monomers during the process of __________________ ________________.
b. Destructive metabolic processes are called _____________________ and include the breakdown of
macromolecules during the process of __________________.
7.
_______________ ___________________ is the process of breaking down glucose to get energy.
a. ____________________ is an anaerobic process occurring in the cytoplasm that produces two
____________________ molecules and ____ ATP.
b. The ___________ Cycle is an aerobic process that breaks down _____________ _______ in the
mitochondria producing _____ ATP.
c. The __________________ ______________ ___________ breaks the bonds in the molecules
____________ and ____________ to release ___________ ATP.
d. Total ATP production equals ___________ ATP.
8.
___________ carries the genetic code for developing proteins and is shaped like a ___________ __________,
a. Original DNA template:
TACGAACTGATT
b. Complimentary DNA:
9.
(created during replication)
Protein Synthesis
a. Original DNA template:
TACGAACTGATT
(triplets)
b. Transcription – mRNA:
(codons)
c. Translation – tRNA:
(anticodon)
i. Each anticodon brings one amino acid to add to the growing polypeptide (protein) chain on
the _______________________.