1 A Selection of Latin Roots and Greek Roots, Combining Forms, Words, and Prefixes an etymological means of acquiring an adequate vocabulary LATIN LATIN PREFIX(ES) DEFINITION(S) EXAMPLES OF PREFIX(ES) ab, a ad, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as, at, a ambi ante bi circum, circa com, col, con, cor, co from, down, away to abstract, aversion, abject advent, accent, accelerate, affectation, aggravate both before two around, about closely along, together, next to, with against from, down, entirely away, from, apart two from, out of, without beyond in, into, on no, not, without, non ambidextrous, ambiance antecedent, antebellum biennium, bifurcate, bicarbonate circumnavigate, circumference collusion, coheir, consort, cooperate, compact contra, counter de di, dis, dif duo, du ex, e, ef, ec, es extra in, il, ir, im in, il, ir, im inter intra, intro milli, mille multi, multus non ob, o, oc, of, op, omni quadri, quadr per post pre pro, pur re retro se semi sub, suc, suf, sug, sum, sup, sur, sus super, supra trans among, between within, inside of thousand much, many not against, before, toward, for all, everywhere four times, four fold through, completely after, behind before before, for back, again back, backward apart, aside half under, less than, inferior above, superior, surpassing across, through contradict, contraband, counterfeit deplete, demerit, depress, defrost, decline, defunct different, disburse, digest dubious, duet, duplication effervescent, exhale, escape, extradition, eclectic extrapolate, extraordinary infer, induct, incarnate, illuminate, irrigate, imbibe insignificant, illiterate, irresponsible, impossible, imbecile, inappropriate, interchange, intervention, intercept intramural, intrastate, intramuscular millennium, millimeter multitudinous, multifaceted, multiply nonresident, nonconformity offer, omit, occur, obscene, oppress omniscient, omnivorous, omnificent quadriceps, quadrisect, quadrivium persecute, pilgrim, perfect, pellucid postdate, postdiluvian precedent, precept, preposition proceed, purport, pursue recompense, refine retrograde, retrofit seclude, select semicircle, semiprivate suffer, submarine, succumb, suggest soprano, superabundance, superintendent transcontinental, transit 2 tri ultra three beyond, on other side of triangle, triceps, Triassic ultrasound, ultraconservative LATIN SUFFIX DEFINITION(S) EXAMPLES OF SUFFIX -itis inflammation neuritis, conjunctivitis LATIN ROOT(S) DEFINITION(S) EXAMPLE(S) OF ROOT(S) acerbus, acris, acuere sharp, to sharpen, needle, bitter to make equal, even age field to act, to do other, else other high to walk, to go to love, love, friend acerbate, acupuncture, acuity, acrimony animosity, inanimate, unanimous aptare, aptus, apere aqua arbiter arbor ardere artis audire augere avis beatus bellare, bellum bene bonus, bon brevis cadere caedere, cide canere, cantare, cantus capere, captum, cip, cept life, soul, breath, mind year to come forth, be visible to fit, suitable water judge tree to burn art to hear to increase bird blessed, happy to wage war, war well good short, brief fall to cut, kill to sing to take, hold, contain caput, capitis carnis cavare, cavus head flesh to make hollow aequare aevum ager, agri, agro agere, actum, agitare alius alter altus ambulare amare, amor, amatum, amicus anima annus apparere equivocate, adequate, equilibrium coeval, medieval agrestic, agronomy agility, react, agitate alias, alienate altercation, adulterate altimeter, exaltation, alto preamble, ambulatory amateur, amiable, enamored biennial, centennial, annual apparent, appearance, apparitor aptitude, adaptable, ineptitude aqueous, aquarelle arbitration, arbitrary arboretum, arboreal arduous, ardor artifice, artifact, artisan audit, audible augmentation, augur, august avionics, aviation, aviary, avian beatific, beatitude rebellious, bellicose benevolence, beneficent bonanza, bonny, bon voyage abbreviate, breviary recidivism, cascade, cadaver, decadent incision, pesticide recant, chant, cantata capacious, incipient, intercept participate, capable, captive, conceive, precept cape, chapter, biceps, capital carnal, carnival, incarnate, carnivore cavernous, cavity, excavate 3 cedere, cessum centrum centum, centi cernere, certus civis, civilis clamare, clamor claudere, clausum clemens clinare colare colere, cultus coquere, coctum cor, cordis corium corona corpus credere, credens crescere, cretum crimen cruciare, crux, crucis culpare cumulare curare, cura, curatus currere, cursus, cour dens, dentis deus, dei dexter, dextro dicere, dictare dignus dirigere, directus docere, doctum dominus domus donare, do dormire, dorm ducere, ductum durare, durus errare, erratum fabula facere, factum, fect, fic fallere ferre, latum ferrum fervere to go, withdraw, move center hundred, tenth, ten to see as being different, to sift, distinguish citizen, community to shout, cry out acclaim, clear, to make clear to shut, close mild, merciful to lean, slope to strain, filter to till, care, cultivate to cook, to mature heart skin, hide crown body to believe, trust to grow crime, offense to torture, cross to blame, fault to heap up to take care of, concern to run, go tooth god right, right hand to speak, say worthy, fitting, suitable to direct to teach lord, master a dwelling, home to give, to forgive to sleep to lead, take, bring to harden, hard to wander, go astray story to make, to do to deceive, disappoint to bear, to carry iron to boil, glow, rage concession, recede, access eccentric, concentric, concentrate percent, centimeter, centurion discern, secret, certitude civic, city, civility reclamation clarare, clarus, clarify, clarity, declaration, claret recluse, cloister, enclosure, conclusion clemency, inclement clinometer, incline portcullis, percolate, colander cultivation, culture, cult precocious, concoction, cook courage, cordial, accord excoriate corona, coronation, coronary corporation, corporeal credentials, credit, incredible crescendo, concretism, accretion, increase criminology, incriminate excruciating, crusade, cruzeiro culpable, exculpate cumulative, accumulate curate, curious, manicure occur, precursor, concur, course denture, endodontia, dentifrice deify, deity, deism ambidextrous, dextrorotation abdicate, indict condign, dignitary dirge, dirigible, address-- -- -- -- --see "regere" below document, docent, doctrine danger, domineer domesticity, major-domo condone, donation, donor dormouse, dormitory abduct, seduction, conducive, duke, education obdurate, duress aberration, err, erratic confabulate, fable, fabulous manufacture, sufficient, facsimile fallacious, infallible, fail relate, confer, referendum ferrotype, ferric, ferrous fervor, effervescent 4 fidere, fidelis, fides filius, filia finire, finis, fin firmare figare, fixus flare, flatus flectere, flexus fluere, fluxum, fluctus foedus, fed fortis frangere, fractum frater fugere, fugitum fumus fundere, fusum generare, genus1 gerere, gestum glomerare gnoscere, cognoscere, gnarus, cognitum gradi, gressus, gradus granum, grani gratia, gratus gravare, gravis grex, gregis, gregar habere, habitum haerere herba hilarare, hilaris homo horrere hospes ire, itum, itineris jacere, ject, jactum2 jicere2 judex, judicare jungere, junctum jus, juris, jurare juvenis laborare lacto, lact lapis latus laudare, laudatum to trust, believe, faith son, daughter (respectively) to end, to limit to make firm, strengthen to fasten, attach blow to bend to flow league strong to break brother to flee smoke to pour birth, origin, race, species, kind, to beget, produce to carry, to bear to form into a ball to know perfidy, fiduciary, confidant filial, affiliation to step, to walk, a degree seed, kernel agreeable, favor, thanks to weigh down, heavy flock, herd, to gather into a flock to have, hold to stick grass, herb to gladden, merry man to shudder, terrible guest, host to go, journey, walk to lie, cast oneself down, to throw to throw between judge to join law, right, to swear young to work milk stone side to praise, glory progress, graduate, centigrade infinity, finite, confinement affirm, confirmation, firmament fixative, crucifix, suffix deflate, inflation flexible, deflection, inflection confluence, fluid, effluvium, influx, flume confederacy, federation fort, comfort, fortify, force fraction, frangible, infringement fraternal, fraternize centrifugal, fugue fumitory, fumarole refund, diffuse, profound generous, generic, gentle, genre, engender, generation belligerent, gesture, digest, gestation conglomeration, glomerulus incognito, cognition, ignorant, gnostic granary, granule congratulate, gratitude, grace aggravate, gravamen, gravid, grief segregate, congregation gregarious habit, inhibit coherence, adhere herbivorous, herbaceous hilarious, exhilarate homicidal, hominize horrendous, abhor hospice, hostage, hostess itinerant, transit, initiate reject, adjacent, eject interjection judicious, prejudice, judge conjugal, junction, joint jurisprudence, abjure, perjury, juror, injury, justify rejuvenate, juvenescent collaborate, elaborate, laboratory lacteal, lactose lapis lazuli, lapidate lateral, bilateral, collateral laudable, allow 5 lavare laxare legere, lectum3 lex, legis, legalis3 liber liber ligare lingua littera locare, locus loqui, locutus lucere, lux, lucis, lumen ludere, lusum, ludus luna magnus, magna malus, mal mandare, mando manus, mani, man mare mater mecari medius, medio mens migrare militare mille minimus, minor mirare, miror, mirari mittere, missum monere, monitus morbus mordere, morsun moris mors, mortis, mori movere, motus multus mutare, mutatum nascor, natus negare, negatus nihil nocere nominare, nomen, nominis norma notare novus nox, noct nullus to wash to loosen, widen to read, choose, gather law book free to bind tongue, language letter to place, place speak, talk to shine, light to play, to mock moon great bad, evil, wrong to order, to command hand sea mother to trade, buy middle mind to move from one place to another to serve as soldiers thousand least, small to look at, to wonder at to send, let, go to warn disease to bite manners, customs deather, to die to move much, many to change to bear, to born to deny nothing to harm, injure to name, name rule to mark, note new night none lavender, laver, lavish, lavabo relax, laxity elegant, elite, collect, dialect, legend, select, election, neglect privelege, illegitimate, legislature, lex non scripta, legal libel, libretto libertine, deliberate, liberal allegiance, ally, oblige, ligature linguistics, lingual, language obliterate, literature, letter, literati dislocate, allocate, local soliloquy, loquacious, circumlocution translucent, Lucifer, luminous illusion, interlude, ludicrous lunate, lunatic, lunation, lunula magnanimous, Magna Carta malevolent, malfeasance, grand mal mandate, commandment, mandarin emancipate, manifest, manumit mariner, aquamarine, mare alma mater, maternity merchant, market medieval, intermediary mention, mentation migratory, emigrant demilitarize, militia millennium, millivolt minimal, minimize, minute miracle, mirage, admiral emissary, remit, admittance, commissary monitor, admonition morbid, morbilli morsel, remorse, mordacious morality, mores post-mortem, mortgage, mortmain locomotive, motion, motor multiply, multimedia molt, mutation native, prenatal, nature, renaissance negation, abnegate annihilate, nil innocent, innocuous, obnoxious nominate, misnomer, nomenclature normative, enormity notation, notary, connotation renovate, novice, nova equinox, noctuid annul, nullifidian 6 numerus nuntiare, nuntius oculus opus, operari parare, par, pari passus, pati pater pax, pacis pedis, pes pellere, pulsus pendere, pensare, pendulus petere placare, placidus, placere plaudere, plauseum plenus plere, pletum plicare, plicatum, plicit, ply plus, pluris ponere, positum populus portare, port portio potens, potentis prehendere, prehensum pressus pretiare, prec primus, primatis privare probare, probatum proximus pugil, pugnare purgare putare quaerere, quaesitus radius radix rapere ratus regere, rectus4 regere, rex, regis4 ridere, risum rogare, rogatum rotare, rotatus, rota rumpere, ruptus sacer, sacrare5 sagax, sagacis, sapare sal number to report, tell, messenger eye work, to work to make equal, equal suffer father peace foot to drive, driven to weigh, hang, weight to rush at, seek to soother, gentle, to please to clap, applaud full to fill to fold enumerate, supernumerary, numerology nuncio, renounce more to place people to carry share, portion powerful to seize, take hold pressed down to value first separate, peculiar to prove, test nearest boxer, to fight to clean to think, estimate to ask, seek ray root to seize fixed by calculation right, to make straight to rule, king pluriaxial, plurality, surplus position, opposite, depot popularity, populace portage, export apportion, proportion potentate, potentiometer apprentice, reprehensible depress, oppress, impress depreciation, precious, price primordial, prima facie privilege, deprive probation, prove approximate, proximity repugnant, pugilist purge, purgatory, expurgation computer, reputation exquisite, inquisition, conquer, quest radiation, radian radicle, radical, eradicate rapture, surreptitious, usurp, ravish reason, ration erect, rectitude, rectus regency, regal, corrigible, regimen, direct, rule, regular derision, ridicule arrogance, rogation, interrogate rotation, rotary, rotor rupture, interrupt consecrate, sacrifice, sacrarium sage, sagacious, sapient salimeter, saline to laugh to ask to turn, wheel, turned to break, broken holy, to make holy wise, to taste, know salt monocle, binocular magnum opus, opera, operative disparate, parity, peer patient, passive paternoster, patronize pacific, appease expedition, pedicel compel, expel, propellant, pulsate impending, compendium, appendage, expenditure impetuous, petulant, petition placate, implacable, placebo, please plaudit, implode plenipotentiary, replenish, plenty expletive, replete reply, implicate, complicate, explicate, plait 7 salire, saltum salvare sanctus5 sanguis sanitas, sanatorius satis, satiare scandere scire, sciens scribere, script secare, sect sedere, sess seminare, semen sentire, sensum sepsis sequens, sequi signare, signum similare, simulare socius, sociare sol solare, solus solvere, solutum somnus sonus sors, sortis specere, spectum, spic spirare spondere, sponsus stare, stet, stat stellare, stella stringere, strictum struere, structus surgere, surrection tangere, tactus tegere, tectus temperare, tempus tendere, tent tenere, tain tentare, tent terminus terra torquere, tortum tradere trahere, tract tribuere, tributus, tribus trudere, trusus toxicare, toxicum tumere turbare, turba unus, uni to leap, jump to save holy blood health, healthy enough, to fill full to climb to know, knowing to write, the thing written to cut to sit to sow, seed to feel, perceive putrefaction, poison to follow, following to mark out to make like, to feign companion, to join sun to make lonely, alone to loose sleep sound lot, a share to look at, see sally, saltatory, resile, result save, salvation, salvage sanctity, sanctuary, sacrosanct sangria, sanguine, consanguinity sanitation, sanitarium sated, insatiable, satisfaction ascend, descendant, ascension omniscient, science describe, subscription, scribe intersection, secateurs sediment, sedan, session, president seminal, disseminate, seminary consent, sensible, sentient septic, septicemia, aseptic prosecute, second, sequential, pursue, non sequitur assignation, consignment similar, facsimile, simulation, assimilate social, society, association solar, solstice solo, solitary solvent, dissolute, soluble somnolent, somniloquy dissonance, unison, sonorous sort, consortium perspicacity, specify, spectacle, retrospect, prospect, perspective to breathe spirit, aspirator, expire, inspiration, respiration, aspire to pledge, promise spouse, correspondence to stand stable, establish, statue, superstition, distant to shine, star constellation, stelliferous bind, draw tight astringent, constriction, strict build, arrange, pile up misconstrue, instruct, instrument to rise, risen insurgency, resurrection to touch tangent, tactual to cover, covered integument, detection, protect time tense, contemporize, temper to stretch, strain, thin pretentious, tenuous, contend, tend, tense to hold pertain, abstinence, tenacious, tenant to touch, try tentacle, tentatively limit, end, boundary determine, terminator earth terra firma, terrace to twist, twisted contortionist, extort, torsion, torque to deliver extradite, tradition, treason to draw, drawn subtract, tractable, protract to assign, allot, pay tributary, attribute, distribute to thrust, thrust intrusion, protrusile to smear with poison toxic, toxoplasmosis, toxicology to swell tumescence, tumult, contumelious to disturb perturb, turbid one union, unipetalous 8 urbs, urbanus vacare, vacuus vagari valere, validum velle, volens verbum venire, ventum vertere, versum verus vestire via videre, visum vincere violare, violatus vir vita vivere, vita vocare, vocatum, vox volvere, volutum vorare city to be empty, empty to wander to be strong, to have worth wish, willing word to come to turn, change, incline true to dress way see, look, provide to overcome, conquer to violate man life to live, life to call, voice turn to devour exurb, urbanologist vacuity, vacuous, evacuate extravagant, vagaries valor, valid, evaluate volition, velleity proverb, verbatim revenue, convention, advent, contravene vertigo, verse, introvert, versatile, anniversary verily, verify, very vestment, divest, investiture pervious, viaticum provident, visible, supervise invincible, convince, victor violation, inviolate triumvirate, virago vitality, vitamin revive, viviparous, vonvivial vociferous, convocation, irrevocable, revoke involve, revolt, devolve voracious, carnivore, omnivorous 9 GREEK GREEK PREFIX(ES) DEFINITION(S) EXAMPLES OF PREFIX(ES) a, an amphi ana anti cata dia, di epi exo eu heteros homos hyper hypo not, without about, around, both up, against against, opposite down across, through upon, over outside, outer part well other same over, extremely under, in smaller measure after, over, between beside around, about many, much before together, with, by means of amoral, anarthria amphibian, amphibolite anapest, anasarca antivivisection, antipodes catacomb, catapult dialysis, dialect episode, epistle exoteric, exostosis euphemism, euthanasia, eugenics heterodox, heterogeneous homonym, homoiothermal hypergamy, hyperpnea hypocrite, hypocaust GREEK SUFFIX DEFINITION EXAMPLES OF SUFFIX osis state, condition, action neurosis, psychosis GREEK ROOT(S) DEFINITION(S) EXAMPLE(S) OF ROOT(S) acro tip, top, apex, pointed to lead, to direct, to incite struggle, contest field, earth, soil pain other, departure from normal man, stamen wind ancient, old, original chief, first, rule best star self pressure, weight acropolis, acrophobia meta para peri poly pro syn, sym, syl, sys agogos, agein agon, agonia agro, agros algia allo, allos andros, aner, anthropos anemo, anemos archaeo, archaios arch, archos aristo, aristos astron, aster, astro auto, autos baro, baros metaplasia, metathesis parable, paradox perimeter, periphery polygamy, polyhedron, polyglot procrastinate, projectile syllable, synapsis, syncretism demagogue, pedagogic antagonist, agony agronomy, agrostology neuralgia, diaphragmalgia allopath, allogamy anthropomorphic, androsphinx anemometer, anemophilous archaeology, archeozoic monarch, archipelago, archangel aristocracy, aristocrat aster, astral autoharp, autoimmune, autochthon barograph, barometer 10 barys biblos, biblion bios caco chiro, cheir chroma, chromato chrono, chronos cosmos cracy, crat crypto cyclos deca demos dendron derma deutero, deuter didonai, dosis dis, di doxo dynamis esthesia ethnos gamos gastro ge, geo gen, geno2 glot, glossa1 glyphe gon gonos gramma, gram grapho gyn, gyneco hemo, hema hedron, hedral, hedra helios hemi hepta hexa hiero hydor, hydro hypno icono ideo isos kilo, chilioi klastes latreia heavy book, of books life, living things bad, poor, evil hand color time world, order type of government hide circular, wheel ten people tree skin second give twice, doubly opinion, praise power the ability to feel sensation race, nation marriage stomach earth race, kind, descent tongue, language carving figure having angles to produce something written or drawn write woman, women blood side, base, seat sun, bright half seven six sacred, holy water sleep image, likeness, figure idea equal, alike, identical thousand breaker, broken service, worship barium, hyperbaric bibliopole, bibliolatry biocenosis, bionics, biopsy cacophony, cacoethes chiromancy, chiropter chromomere, chromoprotein chronograph, chronicle cosmography, cosmic theocracy, bureaucrat cryptogam, cryptogenic cyclothymia, cyclorama Decapolis, decaliter demographics, endemic, democrat dendrochronology, dendroid hypodermic, dermoid Deuteronomy, deuterocanonical dose, dosage dichotomy, dipody heterodox, doxology dynamo, dyne anesthesia, aesthetics ethnomusicology, ethnocentrism monogamy, polygamy gastritis, gastrolith, gastric geodesic, geometry Genesis glossary, monoglot, glossalalia petroglyph, glyphography pentagon, polygon cosmogony, theogony telegram, electrocardiogram lithography, graphology misogyny, gyniatrics, gynarchy hemoglobin, hematoma hexahedral, polyhedron heliotropic, helium, heliograph hemisphere, hemicranial heptahedron, heptameter hexameter, hexahedron hieroglyphic, hierophant hydroponics, hydrology autohypnosis, hypnotoxin iconology, iconostasis ideogram, ideophone isocracy, isometric chiliarch, kilocalorie, kilovolt iconoclast, clastic idolatry, demonolatry 11 lithos, lite logos lysis macros, macro mania mega megalo metron micros, micro miso, misein monos morphe mytho naus, nautes3 necro neos neuron, neuro nomos octo oligo onoma, onym opsis, optic, ophthalmo ornitho oro orthos osteon pais, paidos paleo pan pater, patri pathos, path ped, pedo penta petros phago, phage phainein philos phobia, phobos phone phos, photo physis, physio plasma pneuma podos, pous polis polys protos pseudes, pseudo psycho stone word, study to loosen enlarged, elongated madness large, powerful large, great, enlarged measure small to hate one, alone form myth ship, sailor physical death, corpse new, young nerve law, science, management eight few, scant, small name view, sight bird, birds mountain right, correct bone child ancient, early, prehistoric all, every father suffering, disease small child five rock, stone eating, destroying to show, be visible loving fear, dread sound, speak light nature form air, breath, spirit foot city many first false, fake soul, mind, breath chrysolite, lithotomy logic, logomachy analysis, electrolysis macrocosm, macropterous pyromania, kleptomania megapod, megalith megalocardia, megalomania thermometer, metronome microcosm, microphone misogyny, misology, misoneism monocle, monosyllable metamorphic, morphallaxis mythological, mythos naumachia, astronaut, navigation necrology, necrophagia Neoplatonism, neoprene neuritis, neuropteran nomography, astronomer octagonal, octogenarian oligarchy, oliguria allonym, homonym optical, amblyopia ornithopter, ornithosis orogenic, orology orthography, orthogenesis osteoporosis, ossify pediatric, pedobaptism paleontology, paleolithic pandemonium, Pandora patronymic, patrician empathy, pathogen pediatrics, pedant, pedobaptism Pentateuch, pentathlon petrography, petrol anthropophagite, phagocyte emphasis, fantasy, fancy philharmonic, philately photophobia, xenophobia phonograph, phoneme photobiotic, phosgene physiologic, physiocrat plasmodium, deutoplasm pneumothorax, pneumococcus octopus, chiropodist, podiatry politician, Neopolitan, police polynomial, polymer proton, protozoa pseudoscience, pseudosalt psychometry, psychosis 12 ptero pyr rheo, rrhea schizo scopos, skopein seismo sophia sphero static taphos techno tele temno, tomos tetra thanato theos therapy thermo thesis, tithenai topo typos zoon feather, wing fire flow, current cleave, cut spy, watcher, to see earthquake wisdom sphere, ball, layer of gas causing to stand tomb, bury art far, far off cut, that which is cut off, out four death god to cure, nurse heat position place, local type, figure, model animal pterosaur, pteropod pyromaniac, pyrography, pyretic, pyrogen logorrhea, rheophile schizogenesis, schizogony telescope, otoscope seismology, seismic sophomoric, sophist ionosphere, atmosphere, spheroid hydrostatics, electrostatic epitaph tectonic, technocrat telemetry, telencephalon appendectomy, lobotomy, tome tetrarch, Tetragrammaton thanatopis, thanatology, euthanasia monotheism, theophany therapeutics, heliotherapy thermophile, thermotaxis synthesis, thesis toponym, topographic, topic typography, typify zoogenic, zoonosis