CHAPTER 8 TEST
Directions: Show work on problems. Choose correct answer when available and place
next to the question number.
1.
In a ____________, the attractive forces between the atoms and molecules are
strong enough to cause them to vibrate about a fixed position.
A. solid B. liquid C. gas D. plasma
2.
Albert Einstein developed a theory based upon the evidence of Brownian Motion.
Using this theory, he estimated the diameter of a typical atom to be
A. 10-8 m.
B. 10-11 m.
C. 10-12 m.
D. 108 m.
3.
The erratic motion of the atoms or molecules that make up a substance is called
A. Kinetic Motion.
C. Thermal Motion.
B. Potential Motion. D. Brownian Motion.
4.
100C is equal to
A. 100 K. B. 273 K.
5
0K is equal to
A. 0C. B. 273C.
C. 373 K.
C. -273C.
D. -73 K.
D. -173C.
6
The size of a degree on the Celsius scale is ______ the size of a degree on the
Kelvin scale.
A. equal to B. greater than C. less than D. not comparable to
7
Four equal lengths of different metals are laminated together and then cooled, as
shown in the above diagram. Which metal has the greatest coefficient of linear
expansion?
A. A B. B C. C D. D
8
The coefficient of linear expansion for concrete is 14 * 10-6 /C. If the length of
a sidewalk is 10.0 m at 15C, by how much will it expand at 30C?
A. 2.1 m B. 4.2 cm C. 4.2 mm D. 2.1 mm
9
The coefficient of linear expansion for aluminum is 24 * 10-6 /C. An aluminum
storm door 1.5 m wide is installed at 5C. How much of a gap is needed between
the door and the frame in order for the door to close properly at 40C?
A. 1.3 * 10-3 m.
C. 4.8 * 10-3 m.
2
B. 3.1 * 10 m.
D. 6.1 * 10-3 m.
10
A tanker is filled with 4 * 10-4 L. of gasoline in Texas, where it is 30C, and is
driven to Ohio, where it is 10C. If the coefficient of volume expansion for
gasoline is 950 * 10-6 /C, by how much has the volume decreased?
A. 1.8 * 102 L
C. 5.1 * 102 L
3
B. 1.8 * 10 L
D. 7.6 * 102 L
11
The coefficient of volume expansion for air is 3400 * 10-6 /C. If 20.0 L of air has
a temperature of 20C, to what temperature must it be heated to increase its
volume to 21.0 L?
A. 15C B. 25C C. 35C D. 125C
12
A piece of copper, with a specific heat of 3.9 * 102 J/kgC, is given 9.3 * 103 J
of heat energy and changes temperature from 32C to 51C. What is the mass of the
copper?
A. 1.3 kg B. 2.7 kg C. 5.1 kg D. 7.6 kg
13
How much heat energy is required to heat 4000 g of gold, with a specific heat of
1.3 * 102 J/kgC, from 25C to 70C?
A. 4.2 * 103 J
C. 6.8 * 103 J
4
B. 2.3 * 10 J
D. 7.5 * 104 J
14
How much heat energy is lost when 125 g of brass, with a specific heat of 3.8 *
102 J/kgC, is cooled from 25C to -15C?
A. 1.9 * 103 J
C. 3.7 * 104 J
B. 5.4 * 103 J
D. 1.9 * 106 J
15
Suppose 4.5 * 104 J of heat energy is transferred to 1.4 kg of aluminum, with a
specific heat of 9.0 * 102 J/kgC, initially at 18C. What will be its final
temperature?
A. 20C B. 36C C. 48C D.54
16
After absorbing 3.5 * 104 J of heat energy, 250 g of sand, with a specific heat of
8.0 * 102 J/kgC, reaches a final temperature of 120C. What was its initial
temperature?
A. -55C B. 10C C. 74C D. 100C
17
A 500 g block of metal gains 5.8 * 102 J of heat energy and changes temperature
from 20C to 29C. What is the specific heat of the metal?
A. 1.3 * 101 J/kgC
C. 1.3 * 102 J/kgC
B. 4.6 * 102 J/kgC
D. 4.6 * 103 J/kgC
18
Suppose 200 g of 20C water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, is mixed
with 200 g of 80C water. What will be the final temperature of the mixture?
A. 40C B. 45C C. 50C D. 60C
19
A 500 g block of 70C metal is submerged in 250 g of water, with a specific heat
of 4.3 * 103 J/kgC, at 18C. If the final temperature is 26C, what is the specific
heat capacity of the metal?
A. 2.5 * 102 J/kgC
C. 4.5 * 102 J/kgC
2
B. 3.9 * 10 J/kgC
D. 5.1 * 102 J/kgC
USE THE ABOVE DIAGRAM AND THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO
ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 2 QUESTIONS.
In the diagram above, 50 g of 80C gold, with a specific heat of 1.3 * 102 J/kgC,
is dropped into 250 g of water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, and the
mixture reaches a final temperature of 40C.
20
What is the amount of heat lost by the gold?
A. 40C B. 260 J C. 30C D. 340 J
21
What is the amount of heat gained by the water?
A. 40C B. 260 J C. 30C D. 340 J
22
What was the temperature of the water before the gold was added?
A. 20C B. 30C C. 40C D. 50C
USE THE ABOVE DIAGRAM TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT
QUESTION.
In the above diagram, 500 g of 20C methanol, with a specific heat of 2.5 * 102
J/kgC, is mixed with 500 g of 80C water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kg
C.
23
What is the final temperature of the mixture?
A. 40C B. 50C C. 63C D. 77C
24
How much additional energy must be added to raise the temperature of the
mixture by 10C?
A. 2.1 * 104 J/kgC
C. 2.2 * 104 J/kgC
B. 1.25 * 103 J/kgC
D. 4.2 * 104 J/kgC
USE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE
NEXT 3 QUESTIONS.
A 300 g sample of metal at 100C is submerged in 200 g of water, with a specific
heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, at 20C. The water is contained in a 40 g aluminum
calorimeter cup, with a specific heat of 9.0 * 102 J/kgC, also at 20C. The final
temperature of the system is 24C.
25
How much heat energy was gained by the water?
A. 8.7 * 103 J C. 4.9 * 103 J
B. 7.1 * 103 J D. 3.4 * 103 J
26
How much heat energy was gained by the calorimeter cup?
A. 1.4 * 102 J
B. 3.3 * 102 J
C. 5.7 * 102 J
D. 8.3 * 102 J
27
How much heat energy was lost by the sample of metal?
A. 1.2 * 103 J
C. 4.8 * 103 J
B. 3.5 * 103 J
D. 7.2 * 103 J
28
What is the specific heat of the sample of metal?
A. 7.2 * 102 J/kgC
C. 1.5 * 102 J/kgC
B. 5.4 * 102 J/kgC
D. 3.6 * 102 J/kgC
29
Which of the following requires the greatest amount of heat energy on equal
amounts of water?
A. to change 0C ice to 0C water
B. to change 0C water to 100C water
C. to change 100C water to 100C steam
D. They all require equal amounts of energy.
t(s)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
14
12
Y
10
temp
8
6
4
2
0
X
-2
USE THE ABOVE GRAPH TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 2
QUESTIONS.
30
What does section X represent?
A. specific heat
C. heat of vaporization
B. heat of fusion
D. calorimetry
31
What does section Y represent?
A. specific heat
C. heat of vaporization
B. heat of fusion
D. calorimetry
USE THE ABOVE DIAGRAM TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE
FOLLOWING QUESTION.
32
Which of the following features of an aluminum calorimeter does NOT provide
insulation between the inner vessel and the outer vessel?
A. fiber ring B. wooden lid C. rubber stopper D. air space
33
How much will the temperature of the air space be raised by 10 J of heat?
(density of air = 0.0012 g/mL, specific heat capacity of air = 1.0 * 103 J/kgC)
A. 7.5C B. 11C C. 9.0C D. 90C
USE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE
NEXT 5 QUESTIONS.
The latent heat of fusion for water is 3.3 x 10 5 J/kg.
The latent heat of vaporization for water is 2.3 x 10 6 J/kg.
The specific heat for water is 4.2 * 103 J/kgC.
34
How much heat energy is required to change 40 g of ice at 0C to water at 0C?
A. 1.3 * 104 J
C. 4.6 * 104 J
B. 1.3 x 10 5 J
D. 4.6 x 10 5 J
35
How much heat energy is required to change 200 g of 100C water to 100C steam?
A. 4.6 * 103 J
C. 9.1 * 104 J
5
B. 4.6 * 10 J
D. 9.1 * 105 J
36
How much heat is required to change 3.0 kg of 80C water to 100C steam?
A. 2.5 * 105 J
C. 7.2 x 10 6 J
B. 6.9 x 10 6 J
D. 8.4 x 10 7 J
37
How much heat must be lost by 250 g of 20C water to change it to 0C ice?
A. 2.1 * 104 J
C. 8.3 * 104 J
B. 6.5 * 104 J
D. 1.0 * 105 J
38
How much heat energy is required to melt 30 g of 0C ice into 0C water?
A. 9.9 * 103 J
C. 4.3 * 103 J
B. 8.5 * 103 J
D. 1.7 * 104 J
39
How much heat energy is required to warm 30 g of 0C water to 13C water?
A. 8.7 * 103 J
C. 5.3 * 103 J
3
B. 6.7 * 10 J
D. 1.6 * 103 J
40
A heat engine is a device that changes heat energy into
A. potential energy.
C. electrical energy.
B. mechanical energy.
D. chemical energy.
41
The First Law of Thermodynamics in essence states that energy is
A. gained. B. lost. C. conserved. D. all of the same form.
42
The transfer of heat energy from a low temperature region to a higher temperature
region requires the application of
A. thermodynamics. C. nothing; it occurs naturally.
B. temperature.
D. work.
43
Which of the following is NOT a method for heat energy transfer?
A conduction B. condensation C. convection D. radiation
USE THE FOLLOWING TABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 2
QUESTIONS.
----------------------------|---------Material, 10 cm thickness
| RSI
--------------------------- |---------Brick
| 0.08
Gypsum board
| 0.46
Plywood
| 0.88
Fiberglass
| 2.11
Cellulose fiber
| 2.29
----------------------------|---------44
What is the RSI value of 15 cm of brick?
A. 0.08 B. 0.12 C. 0.16 D. 0.20
45
What is the RSI value of 8 cm of cellulose fiber?
A. 2.29 B. 0.86 C. 1.15 D. 1.83
46
What is the RSI value of a wall that consists of 1 cm of plywood, 15 cm of
fiberglass, and 1.5 cm of gypsum board?
A. 3.32 B. 4.26 C. 3.06 D. 2.86
47
On a day when the outside temperature is 4C, what percentage of the regular fuel
used to heat a house would be saved by lowering the thermostat setting from 20C
to 16C?
A. 10% B. 20% C. 25% D. 30%
48
The average amount of solar power received at ground level is 300 W/m 2 . An
area of 65 m 2 is composed of solar panels on a roof. If the system is 15%
efficient, how much heat energy is stored in the solar tank during 8 h of sunshine?
A. 4200 J
C. 5.6 * 108 J
B. 8.4 * 107 J
D. 1.7 * 1010 J
49
In the United States, on which side of the house should you place large windows
to allow maximum solar radiation to enter?
A. north B. south C. east D. west
50
Using the Kinetic Molecular Theory, compare the attractive forces between
molecules and atoms in the three states of matter.
51
Describe the two types of thermal energy contained in all molecules.
52
Why is it wise for people not to fill their gasoline tanks completely full on a warm
sunny day?
53
Describe the inversion process that takes place as a lake freezes.
54
Upon what two points is the Celsius scale based?
55
In terms of molecular energy, what does 0 K represent?
56
Why is water used in many heating systems?
57
At the boiling point of a substance, additional heat energy does not increase the
temperature of the substance. What happens to this additional energy?
58
Why is the latent heat of vaporization of a substance greater than its latent heat of
fusion?
59
State the First Law of Thermodynamics.
60
State the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
61
Give three ways to reduce the loss of heat energy in a house and lower home
heating costs.
62
Home solar heating systems take advantage of which type of heat energy transfer?
USE THE FOLLOWING KEY TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 3
QUESTIONS.
KEY: A. specific heat capacity
C. Brownian Motion
B. temperature
D. heat
63.
.
What is characterized by random, erratic movement?
What is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance
called?
64.
What is the measure of thermal energy flow?
65.
What is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance
1C called? __________________________________________
USE THE FOLLOWING KEY TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION AND THE NEXT 3
QUESTIONS.
66.
KEY: A. heat engine
C. calorimetry
B. latent heat
D. thermodynamics
What is the measurement of heat exchange called?
67.
What is the heat energy involved in a change in state called?
68.
What is the study of transformations between heat and other forms of energy
called?
69.
What is a device that changes heat into mechanical work called?
70.
A 50.0 cm metal rod at 20C is heated to 100C with steam and expands to 50.15
cm. What is the metal's coefficient of linear expansion?
A. 10.2 * 10-6 /C
C. 48.6 * 10-6 /C
B. 37.5 * 10-6 /C
D. 61.3 * 10-6 /C
71.
A student calculates the coefficient of linear expansion for iron to be 18 *10-6 /C,
while the expected value is 12 x 10 -6 /C. What is the percent error?
A. 10% B. 33% C. 50% D. 67%
72.
The water absorbs the heat from the immersion heater at a much greater rate than
air does. An immersion heater that is plugged in and left on the countertop will
melt, but if placed in water, it doesn't. Why?
73.
Suppose 80 g of 20C water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, is warmed
by a 50 W immersion heater to 40C in 2.5 min. What would the efficiency of the
immersion heater be?
A. 40% B. 60% C. 80% D. 90%
74.
One lab group obtained an experimental value of 3.1 * 102 J/kgC for the
specific heat of copper, while the accepted value is 3.9 * 102 J/kgC. What is the
percent error?
A. 12% B. 18% C. 21% D. 26%
75.
A 32 g aluminum calorimeter cup, with a specific heat of 9.0 * 102 J/kgC, is
filled with 80 g of water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC. Both the cup
and the water are at 20C. At 230 g block of metal at 100C is placed in the water,
and the system reaches a final temperature of 25C.
76.
What is the specific heat of the metal?
A. 1.1 * 102 J/kgC
C. 4.8 * 102 J/kgC
B. 3.2 * 102 J/kgC
D. 6.3 * 102 J/kgC
77.
In an experiment, 80 g of water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, is
poured into a 32 g aluminum calorimeter cup, with a specific heat of 9.0 * 102
J/kgC. The temperature of the cup and water is 75C. A cube of 0C ice is added
to the water, and the system reaches a final temperature of 45C. If the latent heat
of fusion of ice is 3.3 x 10 5 J/kg, what is the mass of the ice cube?
A. 21 g B. 30 g C. 42 g D. 58 g
78.
If some of the ice to be put in a calorimeter cup melted before being placed in the
water, would the calculated heat of fusion be higher or lower? Why?
79.
The heat content of 20 g of 100C water is ________ the heat content of 20 g of
100C steam.
A. equal to
C. less than
B. greater than D. cannot be compared with
80.
In an experiment, 80 g of water, with a specific heat of 4.2 * 103 J/kgC, is placed
into a 32 g aluminum calorimeter cup, with a specific heat of 9.0 * 102 J/kgC.
The temperature of the water and cup is 20C. Next, 5 g of 100C steam, with a
latent heat of vaporization of 2.3 x 10 6 J/kg, is pumped into the water. What
will be the final temperature of the system?
A. 43C B. 55C C. 65C D. 76C