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Chemistry Study Guide (Part 1)
1.
Everything in the universe is either in the form of MATTER or ENERGY. VCR: Changes In
Properties Of Matter
2. Around 450 B.C. the Greek philosopher EMPEDOCLES proposed that all matter is composed of different
combinations of earth, wind, fire and water. P. 9
3. Anything which possesses the properties of MASS and VOLUME is called matter.
In Properties Of Matter
P. 5, VCR: Changes
4. Matter which is pure and is composed of a single type or kind of matter that has a specific chemical
composition regardless of where it comes from is called a(n) SUBSTANCE. (Example: Salt, Water, etc.) P. 5
5. A pure substance which is the simplest most basic form of matter that you can have that which is composed
of only one type of atom all containing the same number of protons in their nucleus and from which all more
complex forms of matter are made when they’re combined together in different ways and amounts and is called
a(n) ELEMENT. VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
6. At the present time 118 different elements have been discovered and officially recognized and named. VCR:
Changes In Properties Of Matter
7. The smallest particle of any element you can have which still possesses all of the properties of that element
is a single ATOM of that element. VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
8. The KINETIC MOLECULAR theory of matter says that all matter is composed of atoms of various types
of elements which are in constant motion because they possess kinetic energy (Energy of Motion). VCR:
Changes In Properties Of Matter
9. The field of science which is involved with the study and explanation of the various physical and chemical
properties of matter and the various types of physical and chemical changes that matter can undergo is called
CHEMISTRY. P. 5, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
10. The French scientist who lived from 1743 – 1794 who is considered to the founder of modern day chemistry
is ANTOINE LAVOISIER. P. 25, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
11. Some examples of the many different fields of chemistry are:
A. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
B. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
B. BIOCHEMISTRY
D. CHEMICAL ENGINEER
12. Any property of matter which describes the appearance or quality of matter is called a(n) PHYSICAL
property of matter. P. 6, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
13. Some examples of different types of physical properties which matter might possess are: P. 6 – 7, 90, 97,
103, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
A. COLOR
C. SMELL
B. PHASE OR STATE (IS SOMETHING A SOLID, LIQUID, OR GAS)
D. HARDNESS
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14. Any property of matter which describes the ability of matter to change into a different type of matter is
called a(n) CHEMICAL property of matter. P. 6, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
15. Some examples of different types of chemical properties which matter might possess are: P. 6 – 7, 90, 98,
VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
A. WOOD IS CAPABLE OF BURNING
B. IRON IS CAPABLE OF RUSTING
C. SODIUM + CHLORINE PRODUCES SALT
D. HYDROGEN + OXYGEN PRODUCES WATER
16. Any change that occurs in matter which involves a change in the physical properties or appearance (Size,
Shape, Phase, Etc.) of matter but not a change in the chemical properties or chemical composition of the matter
is called a(n) PHYSICAL change. P. 21 - 22, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
17. Usually when matter undergoes a physical change NO NEW types or kinds of matter will be produced
during the change, SMALL amounts of energy (Heat, Light, Electricity, Etc.) will be used or produced during
the change and usually you CAN change the objects, things or substances that were formed during the change
easily back to what you started with before the change occurred. VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
18. Some examples of matter undergoing a physical change are: P. 21 - 22, VCR: Changes In Properties Of
Matter
A. BREAKING A PIECE OF GLASS
B. DISSOLVING SUGAR OR SALT IN WATER
C. ICE MELTING
D. TEARING A PIECE OF PAPER IN HALF
19. Any change that occurs in matter which involves a change in the physical properties or appearance (Size,
Shape, Phase, Etc.) of the matter as well as a change in its chemical properties or chemical composition is called
a(n) CHEMICAL change. P. 23 - 24, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
20. Usually when matter undergoes a chemical change a(n) NEW type or kind of matter is produced during the
change which you didn’t have before the change occurred, LARGE amounts of energy (Heat, Light, Electricity,
Etc.) are used or produced during the change and usually you CAN’T change the objects, things or substances
that were formed during the change easily back to what you started with before the change occurred. VCR:
Changes In Properties Of Matter
21. Some examples of matter undergoing a chemical change are: P. 23 - 24, VCR: Changes In Properties Of
Matter
A. IRON RUSTING
C. BAKING A CAKE
B. BURNING A MATCH
D. EXPLODING A FIRECRACKER
22. According to the Law of Conservation of MATTER OR MASS when matter undergoes a physical or
chemical change the amount of matter before and after the change occurs must be the same even though its
physical and chemical properties might change. P. 25, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
23. Matter can appear in any one of four different conditions called PHASES or STATES of matter.
P. 21, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
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24. The four different phases or states of matter are: P. 21, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
A.SOLID
B. LIQUID
C.GAS
D. PLASMA
25. The amount of KINETIC energy the atoms or molecules that compose matter possesses determines
whether the matter will appear in the form of a solid, liquid, gas or plasma and whether it will be able to change
from one phase or state of matter to another.
26. A(n) SOLID is the phase or state of matter which has a definite rigid shape and a definite volume that
doesn’t change to the shape or volume of the container that it’s placed inside of, it is not compressible, and it is
also not capable of flowing. P. 41, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
27. A(n) LIQUID is the phase or state of matter which has a definite volume that doesn’t change to the volume
of the container it’s placed inside of, it is not compressible, it is capable of flowing, but its shape changes to the
shape of the container that it’s placed inside of. P. 43, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
28. A(n) GAS is the phase or state of matter which does not have a definite rigid shape or definite volume
instead it takes the shape and volume of the container that it’s placed inside of, but it is very compressible, and
it is capable of flowing. P. 45, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
29. A gaseous mixture of electrically charged atoms which are at very high temperatures and pressures is called
PLASMA. VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
30. Some examples of places where plasma is found or used are: VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
A. STARS
B. LIGHTNING
C. DETONATION OF A NUCLEAR WEAPON
31. Since most of the matter (about 99 % of all matter) found in the universe is found in stars the most
abundant phase of state of matter in the universe is PLASMA .
32. The process of changing from one phase or state of matter into another is called a(n) PHASE CHANGE or
CHANGE OF STATE. P. 48, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
33. When matter changes from one phase or state to another it undergoes a(n) PHYSICAL change since its
physical properties or appearance changes but its chemical properties or composition does not change. P. 21,
VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
34. Matter will normally undergo a phase change from a solid to a liquid and then from a liquid to a gas when
you apply some form of energy (heat, light, electricity, etc.) to the atoms or molecules that compose the matter
causing their kinetic energy INCREASE enough to enable them to stretch, weaken and eventually break the
bonds that hold them together as a solid or gas.
P. 49 – 52, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
35. A type of phase change which occurs when matter changes phases from a solid to a liquid is called
MELTING. P. 49, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
36. A type of phase change which occurs when matter changes phases from a liquid to a gas is called
VAPORIZATION. P. 51, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
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37. The two different types of vaporization are EVAPORATION and BOILING. P. 51, VCR: Changes In
Properties Of Matter
38. A type of vaporization which occurs slowly near the surface of a liquid at temperatures which are slightly
higher than the temperature of the liquid is called EVAPORATION. P. 51, VCR: Changes In Properties Of
Matter
39. A type of vaporization which occurs rapidly near the bottom of a liquid at temperatures which are at the
boiling point of the liquid is called BOILING. P. 51, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
40. Matter will normally undergo a phase change from a gas to a liquid and then from a liquid to a solid when
you remove some form of energy (heat, light, electricity, etc.) from the atoms or molecules that compose the
matter causing their kinetic energy DECREASE enough to enable them to form, shorten and strengthen the
bonds that hold them together as a liquid or solid.
P. 49 – 52, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
41. A type of phase change which occurs when matter changes phases from a gas to a liquid is called
CONDENSATION. P. 52, VCR: Changes In Properties Of Matter
42. A type of phase change which occurs when matter changes phases from a liquid to a solid is called
FREEZING for water but SOLIDIFICATION or CRYSTALLIZATION for all other types of matter. P. 50
43. A type of phase change which occurs when matter changes phases from a solid to a gas or from a gas to a
solid without ever changing to a liquid is called SUBLIMATION. P. 53, VCR: Changes In Properties Of
Matter
44. Some examples of substances which undergo the process of sublimation are: P. 53, VCR: Changes In
Properties Of Matter
A. DRY ICE
B. FORMATION OF A SNOWFLAKE
C. SOLID WAX BATHROOM AIR FRESHNERS