UNIT I: GLOBAL
CONCEPTS
A.
WORLD HISTORY I
REVIEW
What is culture: People’s way of life determined by their ethnic background,
language, and belief system.
1. What are things that make one culture different from an other? Food,
clothing, language, beliefs (religion) and political systems.
2. What is the importance of language? COMMUNICATION
3. What is the purpose of government? Stability, organization, security and an
orderly society.
4. What does codified mean? Laws that are written down…….to be seen and
referred to by all.
5. What is the importance of things that are codified? So there are no
questions as to what the laws says and whom it applies to.
6. ETHNOCENTRICITY- The belief that your culture is superior to all others.
B.
What is the importance of BELIEF SYSTEMS to a culture? A guiding force that
directs the lifestyles of people.
1. Monotheism- The belief in ONE God.
2. Polytheism- The belief in MANY gods.
3. Divine Right/Mandate of Heaven- The belief that the Monarch’s power
comes from God (Eastern Europe)/ Belief that the Emperor’s power comes
from Heaven (Asia).
4. With the help of Copernicus and Galileo, what challenged
religion (the Catholic Church)? SCIENCE
5. People like scientists and philosopher used what to challenge
The church? Reason (ability to think) and Knowledge.
C.
Political Systems/Social Order, what's the purpose? To keep order and stability in
society. (Keep people safe)
1.Hierarchy- A ranking of individuals according to their place socially, politically
and/or economically in society.
a. Label two examples of hierarchies:
King/Queen
Lords
Vassals
Knights
Peasants
Feudal Europe
2. What was the process of being able to move up a social ladder or hierarchy
known as? Social Mobility
3.In civilizations prior to 1500 CE, if you were wealthy and powerful you owned
much? Land
4. What does CE stand for? Common Era
5.Government ruled by king or queen? Monarchy
6. Government where citizens vote directly for leader? Direct Democracy
D.
Economics:
1. Prior to the Neolithic Revolution, people obtained food by? Hunting and
Gathering
2. Paleolithic Civilization? Old Stone Age
3. Neolithic Revolution? New Stone Age
4. Barter System? Exchange of goods and services WITHOUT exchanging money
5. When people produce just enough to survive? Subsistence Farming
6. Society based on farming? Agrarian
7. What is the name of the economy based on the exchange of goods and
services? Barter Economy
8. A coastline suitable for trade is? Irregular
9. When one nation relies on another? Interdependence
Conclusion:
A)What lead to the change from a traditional society to a modern society? A lack of
animals for food and new technology.
UNIT II
GEOGRAPHY
A. Geography? The study of the earth, its plants, animals and people.
1. Geography concerns? Land, Water and Plants
2. 5 Themes of Geography:
a) Location
b) Place
c) Human Environment Interaction
d) Movement
e) Region
2. What are two types of location? Absolute and
Relative.
B. Geographic Tools and Measurements:
1. Globe-Spherical tool showing location of areas of the world.
a. It shows? Measurment and location of areas of the world
2.
Maps-Tools used to show location and physical features of the earth.
a. Physical-Map that shows landforms of the earth
b. Political-Map that shows cities and nation….man made boundaries
3.
Imaginary Lines-Grid system used on maps to show distance.
a. Equator-Imaginary (LATITUDE) line that divides the earth in half into a
Northern and Souther Hemisphere at zero degrees.
b. Prime Meridian- Imaginary (LONGITUDE) line that divides the earth in half
into an Eastern and Western Hemisphere at zero degrees.
c. Hemisphere-Half of the earth
d. Latitude-Imaginary lines that run East to West on a map but measure
North and South of the Equator
e. Longitude- Imaginary lines that run North to South on a map but measure
East and West of the Prime Meridian.
C. Geographic Features are: Landforms on the Earth’s surface
1. MOUNTAINS, what is their role? Protection and Isolation
a. Examples:
MOUNTAIN RANGE
NATION/AREA
Himalyas
China and India
Andes
Peru (South America)
Fuji
Japan
2. DESERTS-Dry, arid areas of land…..sandy
a. Examples:
DESERT
NATION/AREA
Gobi
China
Sahara
Africa
Kalahari
Africa
3. OCEANS, role? Isolate, trade, provide food
a. Examples:
OCEANS
BORDER WHAT CONTINENTS
Atlantic
North and South America,
Europe and Africa
Pacific
North and South America, Asia,
Australia
Indian
Africa and Asia
4. RIVERS, function? Isolation, protection, invasion, food, bathing, recreation
a.Examples:
RIVERS
NATION
Ganges
India
Tigris
Turkey and Iraq
Nile
Egypt
5. CLIMATE, effects on an area? The conditions of the earth’s atmosphere
a. Examples:
CLIMATE
AREA OF WORLD
Mediterranean
Southern Europe
Polar
Antarctica, Northern Russia
Desert
Africa and Asia
6. SEAS, importance? Isolate, trade, provide food
a. Examples:
SEAS
BORDER WHICH NATIONS
Mediterranean
Italy, France, Spain, Greece,
Turkey
Black
Russia, Ukraine and Turkey
Red
Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Yemen
7. COASTLINES? Where the land touches the water
a. Examples:
COASTLINE
CONTINENT
Irregular
Asia
Regualr
Africa
D. QUESTIONS:
1. Deserts and Mountains have historically Isolated
people from one another.
2. Closeness to waterways and easy land travel has caused much Cultural Diffusion
throughout the centuries.
3. A variety of geographic features in a region has lead to Heterogeneous groups
of people in one nation. (different ways of life).
4. If people in a region all share the same culture and same way of life, they are
said to be? Homogeneous
5. If people in a region do not share the same way of life or culture, they are
said to be? Heterogeneous
6. The destruction of the forest? Deforestation
7. The growth of the desert? Desertification
8. Process of farming on a mountain? Terracing
9. Process of bringing water to an area without? Irrigation
10.Seven Continents: Africa, Australia, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America,
South America
11.Developed nation- A country that is industrialized with a strong gov’t and
economic system.
12.Another name for a key on a map? Legend
13.Process of creating power with use of water? Hydroelectric
UNIT III: POLITICAL
SYSTEMS
A. Reasons for developing Political Systems:
1. Stability
2. Organization
3. Protection
4. Creation of Laws
B. Parts of Political Systems:
1. LAW- Written rules
2. Enforcing laws-Creation of police system to be sure rules are followed for
organization
3. Interpreting law-Describing what the rules mean
4. Justice-Administering punishments
C. Political Organization:
City-state- An independent political area used in Ancient Greece
a) Examples:
1. Athens
2. Sparta
2. Nation-country
a) Examples:
1. Colombia
2. Egypt
3. Empire-A doctoral political set up controlled by an emperor
a) Examples:
1. Ancient Rome
2. Byzantine
D. Political Systems:
1. Monarchy- Government controlled by a King or a Queen
a) Examples: (Who and from where?)
1. James II - England
2. Catherine the Great -Russia
3. Louis XIV- France
b) Absolutism- Government controlled by a king or queen who has total
control over the lives of their people
c) Limited Monarchy- Government where the king and queen must share
power with Parliament
1. EXAMPLES: What limited the Monarch's power in England (12151689)
DOCUMENTS:
1. Magna Carta
2. Petition of Right
3. English Bill of Rights
WHAT DOCUMENT SAID:
Monarch must share power with
Parliament, not dismiss Parliament
Monarch must share power with
Parliament, not dismiss Parliament, not
have trials w/o jury
Monarch must share power with
Parliament, not dismiss Parliament, not
have trials w/o jury, No Catholic monarch
to ever sit throne
d) Glorious Revolution-Turning Point- Bloodless overthrow of King
James…leads to limited monarchy in 1689
e) Divine Right-Political idea that a monarch’s power comes from God
f) Autocracy-Individual who rules by self.
g) Democracy-Government where citizens participate by voting and making
laws
Examples: (Where?)
1. Athens
2. India
Direct Democracy-Gov’t where citizens directly choose their leader.
Liberal party (England)-Party made up of business owners, and middle
class who wanted new gov’t based on ideas of the Enlightenment.
d.) suffrage-Voting rights of men and women.
Republic-Political system where a leader is chosen through a representative
a) Examples:
1. Roman Republic
2. U.S.
2. Dictatorship-A form of government where the leader controls the lives of
the people…no elections
a) Examples: (Who and where?)
1. Ayatollah Khomeni-Iran
2.Lenin-USSR
b) Totalitarian-A form of government where the leader has total control
over the lives of the people
1)Example:
1. Mussolini- Italy
c) Military dictatorship-Aform of government where the military controls
the people.
1)Example: Napoleon- France
3. Feudalism-The political system of the Middle Ages, exchange of goods and
land for loyalty and protection.
a) Examples:
WHERE
Western Europe
Japan
WHEN
600-1200s CE
1100-1868 CE
b) decentralized government Power is broken down amongst different levels
(European Feudalism)
c) centralized government-Power is concentrated in the hands of one leader
E. Codified Law:
1. Codified-Laws that are written down
a) Examples:
LAWS
AREA
12 Tables of Rome
Roman Empire
Hammurabi’s Code
Babylon (Mesopotamia)
UNIT IV: ECONOMIC
SYSTEMS
A.
ECONOMICS- Is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services
B.
Types of Economic Resources:
1.Natural –Natural Resources, Raw Materials
2.Human -Skilled workers
3.Capital -Money used for investing
4.Time
-Time it takes to produce goods
C.
Scarcity: Not enough of something
1. If there are not enough people to work, this
Can increase the cost of labor.
2. If a nation is short on natural resources, it can lead
To interdependence, which is relying on other nations for help.
3. Capital shortages may force people to go bankrupt.
4. Wants-Goods that are desired, but not needed to survive
5. Needs-Goods or materials that are needed for survival
6. Capital-Money the is used for investment
7. CAPITALISM-Economic system based on the exchange of goods
and services and the opportunity for free enterprise
D.
Types of Economic Systems:
ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Traditional Economy
Hunter-Gatherer
DEFINE
Economic system based on the
past..father was a sheep herder, junior
will be a sheep herder
Means of surviving is based on collection
of fruits, berries and animals for eating
Economic system based on farming
Agrarian
Trading Economy
Economic system based on the selling of
goods and services to make a profit
1. Nomads-People who move from place to place and follow food
source
2. Barter System-Exchange of goods and services without the use
of money
3. Colonies-Territories taken over politically and economically by a
foreign nation
4. Diversity-Difference, variety
5. Cultural Diffusion-The spreading of goods and ideas from 1
place to another
E. MANORALISM- Economic system of the Middle Ages based on producing
goods on a manor
1. The time period was called? Middle Ages
2. In what part of the world? Western Europe
3. When? 500-1200s
4. MANORS were Self- Sufficient, everything needed to survive
was produced on manor.
5. Manoralism was an exchange of land (food) and protection
6. If a peasant used a Lords oven for baking, the peasant was
required to leave Bread as a Payment.
E.
Commercial Revolution:
1. When did it occur? 1300s
2. By this time period, nations were competing for new Markets
3. Commercial Revolution introduced new method of investing
money, to increase the flow of wealth and reduce risks.
4. Individual merchants who wanted to help with the payment of
sailing ventures, raised money by combining their resources in to
joint-stock companies (Organizations that sold stock, enabling
small investors to share in the profit.)
5. If a loss occurred, investor only lost what was invested
6. Mercantilism-Economic policy of the 1600s when the colonies
relied on the Mother Country for goods and services and the
Mother Country used the colonies as markets.
7. Favorable balance of trade-When a nation exports more than
they import.
F.
Industrial Revolution:
1. Began in 1750
2. Why?
a) Raw materials
b) Labor source
c) Strong Gov’t e)Capital
d) irregular coastline
3. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the rest of the world
economically? Nations of the world now interacted frequently with each
other.
G.
SYSTEM
Socialism
Communism
Non Capitalist Economies:
DEFINE
Economic system where SOCIETY as a
whole owns the MEANS of production
Economic system where the government
controls all aspects of gov’t and economy
1. Karl Marx-German economist who believed that Capitalism
was evil and caused there to be a clash between ‘Haves”
(Employers) and “Have Nots” (Employees)
a) Believed conflict between the classes was inevitable.
b) He felt the working class, those involved with the
production of goods, should rule.
c) Proletariat-Working class (Have Nots)
d) Bourgeoisie-Middle Class (Haves)
e) Marx wrote The Communist Manifesto in 1848.
2. Vladimir Lenin-First Communist leader of the USSR
a) He led the Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution.
b) He brought Communism to Russia in 1918.
c) A policy where all major industries are brought under
state control? Nationalization
d) NEP stands for? New Economic Plan
3. Joseph Stalin-Second Communist leader of the
USSR…Dictator
a) Implements a Five Year Plan to improve heavy industry
and industrialize the Soviet Union.
b) A system of farming in which the government joined many
small farms together and used peasants to work on them?
Collectivization
UNIT V: BELIEF
SYSTEMS
A. ANIMISM
WHERE
Africa
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
BELIEFS
WHO IS WORSHIPED
*Polytheism
Ancestors
*Ancestor Worship
Gods
*Use of Masks
*Everything living and
nonliving has a spirit
Diviners are-Medicine Men
Griots are-Story tellers
If you obey the gods, you will be Blessed with good harvest and many
children.
If you fail to obey gods, you will be punished with hardships, crop failure
and death
Animism is a polytheistic religion.
B. HINDUISM
WHERE
India
BELIEFS
*Polytheism
*Caste System
* Dharma
* Karma
WHO IS
WORSHIPED
* Brahma
* Vishnu
* Siva
HOLY WRITTINGS
*Vedas
*Upanishads
1.
2.
It is the world's Oldest religion.
Hindus believe in reincarnation, where the souls are reborn into another
body.
3. Each Hindu is born into a caste, a station of life.
4. Dharma? Rules and duties of one’s caste
5. Karma? Deeds committed in a previous life
6. Ultimate goal in Hinduism is?Moksha
7. The top of the varna is?Brhaman
8. Bottom of varna is? Untouchables
C. BUDDHISM
WHERE
FOUNDER
BELIEFS
India
Siddartha Gautama
1.Karma
2.Reincarnation
3.Nirvana
4.Non violence
*4 noble truths
*8 fold path
1. Buddha was in search for the meaning of Human Suffering
2. Buddha means? Enlightened One
3. In order to eliminate earthly desires, a person needs to follow the EightFold Path
4. The form of relaxation used by Buddhists is Zen Buddhism
D. CONFUCIANISM
WHERE
FOUNDER
China
Confucius
BELIEFS
*Filial Piety
*Ancestor
Worship
HOLY
WRITING
* The
Analects
THE FIVE RELATIONSHIPS
*Father to Son
*Husband to Wife
*Older Brother to
Younger Brother
*Ruler to Subject
*Friend to friend
1. Confucianism began as a philosophy, not a religion.
2. Respect for parents and elders? Filial Piety
3. Dynasty-Form of government ruled by families who received the Mandate of
Heaven
4. Mandate of Heaven? Theory that the power to rule came from the Gods
**Daoism is another Chinese religion emphasizing self-knowledge. Stresses
personal freedom.
a) Opposites in nature are symbolized by the Yin-Yang
E. JUDAISM
WHERE
FOUNDER
-BELIEFS
HOLYBOOK?
- Place of worship
WRITINGS
Israel-Middle East
Abraham
*Monotheistic
*Old Testament
*Ten Commandments
*Synagogue
*Talmud
1. Judaism is the oldest monotheistic religion of the Middle East.
2. God's promise that the Jews were his chosen people is known
as the covenant
3.When the Jews were forced out of their land and scattered to
of the world, it was known as the Diaspora
5. Jewish religious teachers? Rabbi
F. CHRISTIANITY:
WHERE
FOUNDER
Jesus
Middle East/Roman
Empire
-BELIEFS
- Place of worship
* Monotheism
* Salvation
*Heaven
all areas
HOLYBOOK/
RULES
*10 Commandments
*Bible
1. Jesus is considered the Messiah, or savior.
2. The Roman Catholic Church became the most powerful institution in Europe
from the time of the HOLY Roman
Empire through the Middle Ages
3. This occurred because of different religious authority and teachings in
Constantinople and Rome? Great Schism
G.
PROTESTANT REFORMATION:
1.
2.
3.
Began in what country? Germany
By Whom? Martin Luther
Why? Because Luther was angry that the Catholic Church was selling
Indulgences
H.
4.
What is a certificate called, that is sold for the forgiveness of sins?
Indulgence
5.
95 Theses? 95 Complaints Martin Luther had against the Catholic Church
ISLAM:
WHERE
Mecca, Saudi
Arabia
FOUNDER
Muhammad
BELIEFS
*Monotheism
*5 Pillars
HOLYBOOK
*Koran
*Worship in Mosque
*Equality
*Jihad
1. A follower of Islam is a? Muslim
2. Muslims believe that Muhammad was the last and greatest prophet of Allah
or God.
3. As Islamic Holy War?Jihad
4. The ninth month of the Islamic calendar is? Ramadan
5. A pilgrimage is known as a? Hajj
6. Two different sects of Islam are the Sunni and the Shitte
7. Islamic religious leader is a? Caliph