Alloxan and Streptozotocin Diabetes
The mechanisms underlying alloxan and streptozotocin diabetes are a major research topic of
the Institute of Clinical Biochemistry of Hannover Medical School. The following
publications have been published addressing this topic. Full texts of the publications can be
downloaded via PubMed.
If not accessible reprints can be obtained as pdf files by sending an email to the following
address:
1. Lenzen, S, Tiedge, M, Panten, U: Glucokinase in pancreatic B-cells and its inhibition by
alloxan. Acta Endocr (Kbh) 115, 21-29, 1987
2. Lenzen, S, Brand, F-H, Panten, U: Structural requirements of alloxan and ninhydrin for
glucokinase inhibition and of glucose for protection against inhibition. Br J Pharmacol 95,
851-859, 1988
3. Lenzen, S, Freytag, S, Panten, U: Inhibition of glucokinase by alloxan through interaction
with SH groups in the sugar binding site of the enzyme. Mol Pharmacol 34, 395-400,
1988
4. Lenzen, S, Panten, U: Alloxan: history and mechanism of action. Diabetologia 31, 337342, 1988 (Review)
5. Lenzen, S, Freytag, S, Panten, U, Flatt, PR, Bailey, CJ: Alloxan and ninhydrin inhibition
of hexokinase from pancreatic islets and tumoural insulin-secreting cells. Pharmacol
Toxicol 66, 157-162, 1990
6. Lenzen, S, Munday, R: Thiol-group reactivity, lipophilicity, and stability of alloxan, its
reduction products and its N-methyl derivatives and a comparison with ninhydrin.
Biochem Pharmacol 42, 1385-1391, 1991
7. Lenzen, S, Mirzaie-Petri, M: Inhibition of glucokinase and hexokinase from pancreatic Bcells and liver by alloxan, alloxantin, dialuric acid, and t-butylhydroperoxide. Biomed Res
12, 297-307, 1991
8. Lenzen, S, Mirzaie-Petri, M: Inhibition of aconitase by alloxan and the differential modes
of protection of glucose, 3-O-methylglucose, and mannoheptulose. NaunynSchmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 246, 532-536, 1992
9. Lenzen, S, Münster, W, Brünig, H: Effects of alloxan and ninhydrin on mitochondrial
Ca2+ transport. Mol Cell Biochem 118, 141-151, 1992
10. Munday, R, Ludwig, K, Lenzen, S: The relationships between the physicochemical
properties and the biological effects of alloxan and several N-alkyl substituted alloxan
derivatives. J Endocr 139, 153-163, 1993
11. Lenzen, S, Tiedge, M, Jörns, A, Munday, R: Alloxan derivatives as a tool for the
elucidation of the mechanism of the diabetogenic action of alloxan. In: Lessons from
Animal Diabetes, Vol 6, Shafrir, E (Ed). Birkhäuser, Boston, pp. 113-122, 1996
12. Jörns, A, Munday, R, Tiedge, M, Lenzen, S: Comparative toxicity of alloxan, Nalkylalloxans and ninhydrin to isolated pancreatic islets in vitro. J Endocr 155, 283-293,
1997
13. Jörns, A, Munday, R, Tiedge, M, Lenzen, S: Effect of superoxide dismutase, catalase,
chelating agents and free radical scavengers on the toxicity of alloxan to isolated
pancreatic islets in vitro. Free Rad Biol Med 26, 1300-1304, 1999
14. Tiedge, M, Elsner, M, McClenaghan, NH, Hedrich, H-J, Grube, D, Klempnauer, J,
Lenzen, S: Engineering of a glucose-responsive cell for insulin replacement therapy of
experimental insulin-dependent diabetes. Human Gene Ther 11, 403-414, 2000
15. Tiedge, M, Richter, T, Lenzen, S: Importance of cysteine residues for the stability and
catalytic activity of human pancreatic beta cell glucokinase. Arch Biochem Biophys 375,
251-60, 2000
16. Elsner, M, Guldbakke, B, Tiedge, M, Munday, R, Lenzen, S: Relative importance of
transport and alkylation for pancreatic beta cell toxicity of streptozotocin. Diabetologia
43, 1528-33, 2000
17. Elsner, M, Tiedge, M, Guldbakke, B, Munday, R, Lenzen, S: Importance of the GLUT2
glucose transporter for pancreatic beta cell toxicity of alloxan. Diabetologia 45, 15421549, 2002
18. Elsner, M, Tiedge, M, Lenzen, S: Mechanism underlying resistance of human pancreatic
beta cells against toxicity of streptozotocin and alloxan. Diabetologia, 46, 1713-1714,
2003
19. Elsner, M, Gurgul-Convey, E, Lenzen, S: Relative importance of cellular uptake and
reactive oxygen species for the toxicity of alloxan and dialuric acid to insulin-producing
cells. Free Radic Biol Med 41, 825-834, 2006
20. Lenzen, S: Alloxan and streptozotocin diabetes. In: Peschke E (ed) Endocrinology III
lectures within the “time structures of endocrine systems” project framework.
[Endokrinologie III Vorträge im Rahmen des Projektes "Zeitstrukturen endokriner
Systeme“.] Abhandlung der Sächs. Akad. Wiss., Math-naturwiss Klasse, Verlag der
Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Leipzig, commissioned by S. Hirzel Verlag,
Stuttgart/Leipzig, pp 119-138, 2007 (Review)
21. Elsner, M, Gurgul-Convey, E, Lenzen, S: Relation between triketone structure, generation
of reactive oxygen species and selective toxicity of the diabetogenic agent alloxan.
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, in press, 2008
22. Lenzen, S: The mechanisms of alloxan and streptozotocin diabetes. Diabetologia, in press,
2008 (Review)