BIO 121
General Biology
Student Name
Project I
Review
Lab IV
Score
DNA and DNA Synthesis
1. Where is DNA located in the cell?
2. What are the four nitrogenous bases for DNA?
3. Name the two purines:
4. Name the two pyrimidines:
5. What is the name of the attractive force between a purine of one strand of
DNA and a pyrimidine on the opposite strand of DNA?
H________________ B_______________
6. True or false? Direction of the two strands making up DNA, is as follows:
3’----------------------------5’
5’----------------------------3’
7. When is DNA duplicated? [Hint: think cell cycle!]
8. What is(are) the name(s) of the enzymes involved with DNA synthesis?
9. For one DNA strand with the following base sequence, give the appropriate
complementary base sequence for the other strand.
3’-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-5’
A T T
C C G A G C
5’-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-3’
10. What are introns and exons?
11. What if there are “mistakes” in the DNA base sequence? Are there repair
mechanism? If so, what are they?
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BIO 121
General Biology
Student Name
Review
Lab IV
Score
12. Describe the steps involved with DNA synthesis.
Project II
RNA and RNA Synthesis
1. What are the three RNA molecules?
a.
b.
c.
2. Where is RNA synthesized?
3. What are the role(s) of each of the RNA molecules?
a.
b.
c.
4. What are the four nitrogenous bases for RNA?
5. True or False? RNA is a double helix.
6. What is the sugar for RNA?
7. Where are polyribosomes found?
8. What are the name of the enzymes involved with removing the Introns from
m-RNA?
Page 2 of 6
BIO 121
General Biology
Student Name
Review
Lab IV
Score
9. For one parent DNA strand with the following base sequence, give the
appropriate complementary base sequence for the corresponding messenger
RNA.
3’-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-5’
A T T
C C G A G C
DNA Parent Strand (template)
5’-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-P-S-3’
m-RNA Strand
10. Describe the steps for the synthesis of RNA.
Project III
Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
1. Protein synthesis occurs in the ________________, and specifically for
eukaryotes, at the R________________ E________________ R_____________.
2. What is an anticodon and where is it found?
3. How many natural occurring amino acids does the genetic code allow for?
4. Distinguish between a “start” codon and a “stop” codon.
Page 3 of 6
BIO 121
General Biology
Student Name
Score
5. How many codons make up the “Genetic Code”?
6. What is the lac operon and how is it controlled?
7. What is(are) the codons for the following amino acids?
a. valine
b. glutamine
8. Describe the steps in protein synthesis.
Project IV
Biotechnology
1. What is cloning?
2. What, if any, are the ethical issues involved with cloning?
3. What is in vitro gene therapy?
4. What is ex vivo gene therapy?
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Review
Lab IV
BIO 121
General Biology
Student Name
Score
5. Give a brief description of the following:
a. DNA fingerprinting
b. genomics
c. proteomics
d. transgenic organisms
e. plasmids
f. recombinant DNA
g. PCR
h. DNA ligase
Project V
Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Genetics
1. What is an allele?
2. What is a locus?
3. Name and describe the three laws from Mendel’s experiments.
a. Law of
b. Law of
c. Law of
4. What is meant by
a. heterozygous
b. pleiotropy
c. incomplete dominance
d. complete dominance
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Review
Lab IV
BIO 121
General Biology
Student Name
Review
Lab IV
Score
e. co-dominance
5. What are the possible gametes for
a. GGtt
b. GgTt
c. Ggtt
d. ggTT
e. ggtt
6. What will the possible phenotypes and genotypes for the following crosses?
Note: G: dominant allele for green ears, g: recessive allele for yellow ears; T:
dominant allele for long ears, t: recessive allele for short ears.
a. GgTt x ggtt
b. Ggtt x GGTT
c. ggTt x ggtt
d. GgTT x ggTt
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