Questions for discussion EPISODE 31 Tsunami 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Before watching the BtN story, record what you know about tsunamis. What triggered the Indonesian Tsunami? What is the significance of the `Ring of Fire’? What are tectonic plates? What happens when tectonic plates quickly push against each other? Explain how a tsunami happens. The wave gains ____________ and _____________ as it heads towards the coast. 8. What early warning systems are in place to know when and where a tsunami is likely to hit? 9. Explain the criticism about the tsunami warning systems. 10. Illustrate an aspect of the Tsunami story. Write a message about the story and post it on the BtN guestbook http://abc.net.au/btn/guestbook.html Made in China 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Discuss the issues raised in the Made in China story with another student. China has the ______________ largest economy after the _______. Why are a lot of products made in China? Describe the working conditions at some factories in China. How are workers protected in Australia? Explain what happened to a group of people working in a mobile phone and computer factory? 7. What has been the environmental impact of the booming economy in China? 8. What is being done to improve working conditions and the environment? 9. What do you understand more clearly since watching the BtN story? 10. What is the main purpose of the BtN story? a) To entertain b) To explain c) To warn d) To criticise Test your knowledge in the online quiz. Video rental 1. 2. 3. 4. © ABC 2010 What was the main point of the Video rental story? What are some experts predicting about the future of DVD shops? How will the internet impact on DVD shop rentals? Explain the different types of movie rentals available online? 2ND NOVEMBER 2010 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What do you think are the advantages? What are the disadvantages? How are DVD shops trying to adapt to the changes? What are the advantages of borrowing movies from a DVD shop? What do you think? Would you prefer to get movies online or from a DVD shop? Explain your answer. 10. What do you know about this topic that you didn’t know before watching the BtN story? `Would you prefer to rent movies for a DVD shop or an online service?’ Vote in the BtN online poll. Sea cucumber 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Briefly summarise the BtN story. The sea cucumber is a type of marine vegetable. True or false? What are sea cucumbers compared to in the BtN story? What sorts of things do they like to eat? Describe some physical features of a sea cucumber. Why are people farming them in ponds? How are they processed? They are used in soups and stir fries because… How are sea cucumbers being used to help save prawn farms in Vietnam? What was surprising about this story? Create a quiz, crossword or wonderword about sea cucumbers using the facts from the BtN story and other sources. Robot soldiers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. In your own words, explain what a robot is. The job of the robots in the BtN story was to… Who has been involved in building the robots? How do the operators communicate with the robots? What do robots have that allows them to sense their surroundings? How are the robots in the BtN story similar to a remote controlled car? What are the advantages of using robots instead of humans? What is first prize in the competition? Apart from combat situations, what other uses could robots have? Name three facts you learnt watching the Robot soldiers story. Respond to the following question: Do you think robots make our life better, easier and safer? Hold a mini debate about the topic. Robot soldiers Focus Questions © ABC 2010 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. In your own words, explain what a robot is. The job of the robots in the BtN story was to… Who has been involved in building the robots? How do the operators communicate with the robots? What do robots have that allows them to sense their surroundings? How are the robots in the BtN story similar to a remote controlled car? What are the advantages of using robots instead of humans? What is first prize in the competition? Apart from combat situations, what other uses could robots have? Name three facts you learnt watching the Robot soldiers story. EPISODE 31 2ND NOVEMBER 2010 Learning Area Design and Technology More about robots Key learning Brainstorm with students some responses to the following questions: Students will investigate what robots are, how they work and the impact they have on our lives. What is a robot? What do they look like? What are they used for? Record responses on a mind map with robots at the centre. In groups, ask students to come up with a range of possible questions around the topic of robots. Collect the questions from each group and display them. Discuss with students the criteria for selecting questions for inquiry. Questions that may be precluded include those which most students already know the answers to or that may require unavailable resources. Students should be encouraged to generate their own questions however some possibilities include: What are the components of robots? How do they work? How are they constructed? How can robots help particular groups in society, for example disabled people? How do robots impact on our lives? What is the future of robots? Ask students to complete the following chart as they go through the inquiry process. This can be done individually, as a group or a whole class. What do I What do I know about want to find robots? out about robots? © ABC 2010 How will I find out? What I have learnt. Students can demonstrate their learning in a number of ways. These include: Create a `did you know?’ about robots. Using student’s key questions as a guide create a WebQuest about robots. The following website explains how to do it http://webquest.org/index-create.php Create an illustrated glossary of technical `robot’ words Present research findings in a PowerPoint presentation or Microsoft Publisher. Construct a robot using recycled materials with an explanation about the specific task/s it performs. Using Lego Mindstorms NXT design and build a robot that performs a specific task. Further investigation Respond to the following question: Do you think robots make our life better, easier and safer? Hold a mini debate about the topic. Related Research Links ABC News – MAGIC robot target defence missions http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/13/3010372.htm Flinders University – Flinders robots makes war games final http://blogs.flinders.edu.au/flinders-news/2010/07/29/flinders-robotsmake-war-games-final/ Electronics news – Electronics expertise on show in combat robot challenge http://www.electronicsnews.com.au/news/electronics-expertise-on-showin-combat-robot-chal Defence, Science and Technology Organisation – MAGIC 2010 http://www.dsto.defence.gov.au/MAGIC2010/ The Tech Museum – Robotics http://www.thetech.org/robotics/index.html Sea cucumber Focus Questions 1. 2. Briefly summarise the BtN story. The sea cucumber is a type of marine vegetable. True or false? EPISODE 31 2ND NOVEMBER 2010 © ABC 2010 Learning Area Science 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. What are sea cucumbers compared to in the BtN story? What sorts of things do they like to eat? Describe some physical features of a sea cucumber. Why are people farming them in ponds? How are they processed? They are used in soups and stir fries because… How are sea cucumbers being used to help save prawn farms in Vietnam? What was surprising about this story? Echinoderms Discuss with students the BtN Sea cucumber and record what students know about the sea creature. Explain to students that sea cucumbers belong to a group of marine animals called ECHINODERMS. Echinoderm means `spiny skin’ in Greek even though not all species have spiny skin. Students will choose one species of echinoderm to research in depth. The following table can be used to guide their research. Scientific and common name Appearance/anatomy Shape, size, colour, body parts, symmetry Habitat Where does it live in the world? What part of the ocean? Why? Diet What does it eat? How does it gather its food? How much and how often? Predators What enemies does it have? How does it protect itself? Other key questions students can research include: What is the difference between bilateral and radial symmetry? How does the water-vascular system in an echinoderm work? Students create a model or labelled diagram of their chosen echinoderm. The following website has a range of images to help with their model/diagram http://www.starfish.ch/reef/echinoderms.html © ABC 2010 Display echinoderm models and diagrams in the classroom or public space in the school. Self assessment What changes would you make to your model/diagram? Why? What worked well? Why? Further investigation Are there any advantages of being headless, brainless and not having bilateral symmetry? Discuss your thoughts in small groups. Related Research Links ABC Foreign Correspondent – Sea cucumbers to help Vietnamese fish farmers http://www.abc.net.au/landline/content/2010/s3046712.htm Thinkquest – Sea cucumber http://library.thinkquest.org/J001418/seacuc.html National Geographic – Sea cucumbers http://animals.nationalgeographic.com.au/animals/invertebrates/seacucumber Oceanic Research - Echinoderms http://www.oceanicresearch.org/education/wonders/echinoderm.html PBS – The shape of life http://www.pbs.org/kcet/shapeoflife/animals/echinoderms.html Jungle walk – Echinoderms http://www.junglewalk.com/popup.asp?type=s&AnimalWebsiteID=10084 BtN: Episode 31 Transcript 02/11/10 © ABC 2010 On this week's Behind the News: Why China's boom might mean bust for their workers and the environment. How the internet could kill your local DVD store. And Aussie students working with the US army to create battlefield robots of the future. Hi I'm Nathan Bazley welcome to another week of Behind the News. Also today we catch up with some families in Vietnam that are farming cucumbers but not the vegetable kind. Tsunami Reporter: Natasha Thiele INTRO: First up though a sad story. We've yet again been reminded of the devastating force of a tsunami. Last week the Indonesian island of Sumatra was hit after a massive earthquake triggered a wave that killed hundreds of people. And some are still missing. So how do tsunamis happen and what systems are in place to help save lives. Tash explains. © ABC 2010 NATASHA THIELE, REPORTER: This is what a tsunami can look like. Huge waves that sweep across the ocean and onto land, destroying buildings and lives. The waves are so strong; they can travel faster than a jet plane! Tsunamis are caused by sudden movement on the ocean floor, either from earthquakes, volcanoes or underwater landslides. In this case, the tsunami was triggered by a quake. About 90 percent of all quakes happen around a place called the 'ring of fire', a circle around the Pacific Ocean. It's home to about three-quarters of the world's volcanoes and some of the biggest eruptions. You see, the earth's made up of what are called 'tectonic plates'. They're a bit like this jigsaw puzzle of the world, floating in this pool. The plates are constantly moving, something like a few centimetres a year! Usually we don't feel a thing, but if the plates crash into each other quickly or rub against each other, they can create an earthquake. But not just any earthquake can cause a tsunami, first it has to happen under the ocean. © ABC 2010 REPORTER: Imagine these bricks are like two plates on the ocean floor. If one of them suddenly does this, it'll push water high up into the air. And when that happens, the water surges towards the coast, gaining size and more speed as the water becomes shallow. In this tsunami, waves got up to three metres high. A huge tsunami happened near Sumatra back in 2004. It damaged lots of countries near the `Ring of Fire'. It killed more than 225,000 people in 14 countries. Following the tragedy, governments promised early warning systems would be improved. Special sensors and equipment are in place to let people know when and where a tsunami is likely to hit. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre tracks earthquakes, using things like seismographs, and sends out warnings. Beaches and nearby areas are evacuated and everyone is moved to higher ground for their safety. Even with warning systems in place, it's sometimes impossible for people to reach safety, because they live too close to where it's happened. Unfortunately in this case, there were sensors to detect a tsunami, but they'd been vandalised or stolen. Some countries are concerned warnings aren't going out early enough. © ABC 2010 There have been times when warnings have been issued and nothing serious has happened. Scientists say they're working to improve the system, but they can't take any chances. They say it's better to evacuate everyone, even if it's sometimes a false alarm, because if a bad tsunami did hit the consequences would be terrible. Although experts say Australia's at a very low risk of being hit by a massive quake or a tsunami, it's still good to know the warning systems are there to alert us if something happens. Presenter: And hopefully it doesn't. OK, let's catch up with what else has been happening in the news with Alfie. The Wire Indonesia's most active volcano has erupted again shooting more gas and ash across the local communities. Many locals had just begun returning to check on their homes and livestock creating panic once again. Last week Mt Merapi killed 36 people and forced more than 50 thousand people into temporary shelters. At least three new eruptions have been recorded since the volcano erupted last week. © ABC 2010 Mt Merapi, which means 'mountain of fire' is the most active of the Indonesia's 69 main volcanoes. ******** A man is being hailed a hero for helping fight off a shark that attacked a young female diver. Elyse Frankcom was working on a dive tour off the coast of Western Australia when a shark attacked biting her hip and leg. One of the tour's passengers Trevor, reached out and grabbed the shark’s tail as it grabbed Elyse before pulling her back on board the boat. Elyse is recovering in hospital. The attack didn't stop hundreds of people hitting beaches as helicopters searched the waters for the shark. ******** And finally it's a dream come true for most kids a room packed full of toys. They were collected by sisters Julie and Sissy but they're not keeping them. They're being shipped to hospitals around Australia for sick kids to play with. The toy drive was started by these two to honour their sister who spent a lot of time in hospital unwell. © ABC 2010 Now other sick kids will have a special soft friend to help them through. China Made Reporter: Kirsty Bennett INTRO: Whether it's phones, cameras or computers, China is known as the place to make gadgets. Production has boomed but there're a few bad sides to all this growth. Some factory workers ended up in hospital after being exposed to a toxic chemical. And in some places the environment has suffered too. So how is China handling it all? Kirsty checked it out. KIRSTY BENNETT, REPORTER: It's all happening in China right now. The country's grown into the second largest economy in the world after the US and international companies want a piece of what they're making. Many companies get their products like cameras and clothing made in China because they're much cheaper. That's because wages there are low and there are stacks of people looking for jobs. In countries like Australia we see the end result but not the many hands that put these products together. Millions of people work in factories across China and working conditions are sometimes bad. Often, employees are expected to work © ABC 2010 long hours and in some places, even young kids have been put to work. KIRSTY: When you go to work in Australia, there are laws to make sure the workplace is safe and that you're paid the right amount of money for your age and the job you're doing. In China there are also laws but not all factories follow them. Employees from this small factory know what it’s like to work in poor conditions. They say there were putting stickers on Apple laptops and iPhones when they became ill. It's believed a dangerous chemical used to put the sticker on is to blame and it's left some of them unable to walk. This woman says after breathing in the chemical her hands became numb and she couldn't run. It's not known if the products were real Apple ones or fakes. Employees aren't the only ones getting hurt factory pollution is destroying once beautiful waterways and views. This river runs near a business where old computers from countries like Australia, the US and Japan are pulled apart and recycled. The toxic stuff in the keyboards and screens is leeching into the groundwater. Other rivers are dirty too but locals still have to use the water. In the sky, the pollution is just as obvious. At this village an incinerator that burns medical waste is about 200 metres away. In the past two years eleven people from here have died from different types of cancer. There are laws to protect the environment but some businesses aren't being monitored or punished if they do the wrong thing. It all sounds pretty gloomy but not all companies are ignoring the health of their workers and the environment. There are some factories that are trying to give their employees a safer place to work. The government says it's also making a system to help producers get rid of their waste in more environmentally friendly ways. There's still a long way to go in a country that doesn't like to be watched or told what to do by outsiders. But it’s all to make sure that China's boom doesn't mean bust for the country's natural wonders and its people. © ABC 2010 Quiz 1 OK time to test you out with a quick quiz. The question is: When did video rental shops become popular in Australia? 1970s 1980s 1990s Answer: 1980s And they rented movies on VHS tapes. Anyone remember those? Video Rental Reporter: Nathan Bazley INTRO: Last week we told you about the National Broadband Plan which aims to give Australian's much faster internet. Well this week we're bringing you the story of what could be one of its first casualties. For ages families have headed down to the local video store to rent a movie. But with the internet now becoming an easy and reliable place to get a flick where does that leave the good old overnight DVD? NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: It's the recipe for a good night in. © ABC 2010 Take popcorn, lollies and some of the latest DVD releases and mix well. But one part of this picture might soon become a thing of the past. It's not the popcorn, or the lollies, or even the latest movies. It's the local video shop. Scenes like this might become pretty common over the next ten years. Experts are predicting that the future of DVD rentals is looking bleak. DR JOHN SILVER, QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY: I think the days of the DVD local store are numbered. It’s is just a question of timing. The predictions have all come about because of the internet which, if you have a good connection, means the world is truly at your fingertips. News, songs or even the latest blockbuster films can be yours within minutes. NATHAN: Up until now, a lot of the movies downloaded over the internet were illegal copies. But now, legal movie rental businesses are popping up everywhere on the net. And their target is to take the place of your local video store, without you ever having to leave your home. There are a few different types of movie rentals available online. The first is online mail rental stores. © ABC 2010 Basically, you look up the website, choose what movies you want to watch and the DVDs are posted out to you. On the upside, you can keep them as long as you want before you post them back, and you don't need a fast internet connection to take advantage of it. But on the downside, most charge a monthly subscription fee, rather than just a once off rental charge. The second type is movies on demand. For this you need a really quick connection, because it basically means you download the whole movie to watch for a limited time only. Once your time is up, the movie will disappear from your hard drive. It all sounds really convenient, but on the downside, it costs a lot for the equipment and the internet connection to be able to do it. And if that's all not enough, there is a bit more competition for the traditional DVD store too called DVD kiosks. Essentially they are little DVD vending machines - without the store or the attendant. That makes them cheaper to run and available in more places. NATHAN: All this new competition sounds like pretty bad news for the local DVD store, but are they really in as much trouble as it sounds? © ABC 2010 Well maybe not. Many are trying to adapt to new technology and are making their stores available on the net. And a lot of movie fans will never want to give up on being able to browse the aisle, or talk to their local movie expert. But their other secret advantage is one that hasn't really taken off yet. The latest hot movie technology is undoubtedly 3D, which looks like it'll be a big hit in the future. But downloading one will also take a big hit to your limit, because at 40 to 60 gig, they're just too big to download quickly or easily. That makes a quick trip to the movie store not sound so bad! So maybe there will be enough room for both of these businesses on our entertainment lists in the future. Now we'd like to know what you guys prefer so let's make that our poll this week. Online Poll The question is: Would you prefer to rent movies from a DVD shop or an online service? To vote, just head to our website. © ABC 2010 And let's look at what you thought in last week's poll. We asked you if Australia should continue fighting the war in Afghanistan? And we got a big response. 40% voted yes and 60% said no. Sea Cucumber Reporter: Natasha Thiele INTRO: You won't find them at your average fish and chip shop but some people reckon it doesn't get better than stir-fried sea cucumber. They're a seafood delicacy in some parts and they cost heaps. We heard about some families in Vietnam that are farming sea cucumbers and we wanted to find out a bit more about these amazing creatures. Tash was surprised to find they also offer a free cleaning service. NATASHA THIELE, REPORTER: Your bedroom is like an ecosystem. You need to keep it clean like vacuuming it up! The ocean pretty much needs the same treatment and that's where these guys come in. They're called sea cucumbers and believe it or not, they're a type of marine animal! © ABC 2010 They're like underwater vacuum cleaners, eating other animals waste and organic material like dead plants. They're closely related to starfish and sea urchins and can live up to ten years. They have a leathery skin and they can grow up to a metre long. In the animal world they're fairly simple creatures, but no less amazing. REPORTER: Well I didn't want to cut up a real sea cucumber, so here's my plasticine version of one. So if I cut it open, this is what it looks like. It's pretty basic. It's got a mouth at one end, a ring of nerves and a digestive tract. So things go in through one end and out the other. And the weird thing is, it doesn't have a brain! Sea cucumbers come from the sea. They normally live on the ocean bed in really deep water. But now, more people are farming them in massive ponds because there aren't as many left in the ocean. And it can be one big family affair! Mums, dads and the kids get together to help farm these curiouslooking creatures. Getting them ready for your dinner plate is quite a process. You don't fillet them like you do with fish. © ABC 2010 They're caught, they're gutted, then soaked in salt for a while and finally left to dry. Then they can be sliced up and put into soups and stir-fries, but for a kilo you're looking at up to 200-dollars. Sea cucumbers are a traditional Chinese delicacy because they're rich in protein, so they're meant to be good for you. KERRY STAIGHT, LANDLINE REPORTER: I kind of thought I'd hate it. So, it's okay. It's, you can taste the mushroom really strongly. So I don't know if I can really taste the sea cucumber. Some farmers in Vietnam not only farm sea cucumbers, they also farm prawns. But they're really struggling with disease in prawns, so that's where the underwater vacuum cleaners come in. The cucumbers could help save their farms. When prawns are grown in a pond, you get a build-up of organic material as sediment. That's their poo and other waste that falls to the bottom, which eventually becomes poisonous and kills the prawns. But having sea cucumbers there means they suck up all that yucky stuff, and keep things nice and clean and the prawns healthy. It's like if you don't clean out your fish tank regularly, your fish could die. © ABC 2010 Scientists are now looking into whether prawns and sea cucumbers can grow together in the same pond. If they survive, it could keep prawn farms cleaner and perhaps help farmers make more money. So maybe this isn't the last we've heard about the sea cucumber! Presenter: And there's more info about sea cucumbers and the other stories on today's show on our website. The Score OK let's catch up with what's been happening in sport. The Wallabies have beaten the New Zealand All Blacks for the first time in ten tests with a kick after the siren by 20-year old James O'Connor. JAMES: There are things you dream about, ever since I've been a kid I've always done those world cup final kicks or Bledisloe final kicks, yeah it's a dream come true. The Wallabies started the match flying to a 12 point lead and flying over to celebrate it. But the All Blacks clawed it back with three unanswered tries. The Wallabies came at them again and James O'Conner led the charge crossing the line on the siren then following it up with the pressure kick to take victory. © ABC 2010 The reserve kicker says he'd love to take on the job fulltime. And it's been a big journey from the sands of central Australia to the sands of Bondi beach for these young indigenous runners but the finish line is even further New York City. Their aim is to run the gruelling New York marathon after being personally selected by champion Australian runner Rob De Castella. But for today, they're just taking some time out to learn to surf. GRAB: It's not going to be easy, there's going to be some ups and downs, so we have to get through it together if we can. The boys still haven't run a full marathon yet but training like this is getting them closer to their goal. Running a marathon is a huge achievement so let's have a quiz about that. Quiz 2 The question is: What distance is a full marathon? 24 km 42 km 48 km Answer: 42 km © ABC 2010 Robot Soldiers Reporter: Kirsty Bennett INTRO: Imagine inventing ways to suss out threats or bombs in a war zone to save lives. Well there's a bunch of school kids working on building the next generation of battlefield robots. They're doing it with uni students as part of an international competition. So we sent Professor Kirsty to meet the brains behind these remotecontrolled soldiers. KIRSTY BENNETT, REPORTER: They've got eyesight, some skills and a mission just like a real soldier. These are battlefield robots out on patrol. Their mission is to locate threats like a bomb or baddies and give everyone the heads up back at base. AIDAN, STUDENT: OK it looks as if we've found a terrorist. KIRSTY: OK, so these robots aren't really in a war zone - they're in a university lab. This is where students from the uni and year 11's from the Australian Science and Maths School have been building them. PROF. DAVID POWERS, FLINDERS UNIVERSITY: You've got just the wheels to go on at this point. KIRSTY: They started out by testing the technology on computer and then built three different types over the past year. © ABC 2010 MATTHEW, STUDENT: Well you've got your motor in down here so that basically you know it tells it where to go and stuff, you've got the computers which allow it to communicate wirelessly to the computers how we control them and you've got the cameras which basically you can see what they see. KIRSTY: The robots can also suss out what's around them using infrared sensors. The sensors send out beams of light to help see what lies ahead. It's all sounds high tech but they borrowed a few ideas from the toy box. The way the robots move and turn is the same as a remote controlled car. The only difference is there's software in the robot to give it's a mind of its own. PROF. DAVID POWERS, FLINDERS UNIVERSITY: In terms of the remote controlled cars what's different is that the intelligence is on board rather than having an intelligent person driving them over a remote link. KIRSTY: All this so called "intelligence" is what the students have been working on. Their job is to program the robot to take commands and instructions like what to target. In this test, the robot has to pick out the students in red 'cause they're the bad guys. But sometimes the robots head towards the wrong target! EDEE, STUDENT: And just start going forward and we couldn't stop it that was the main that we had so running into things mainly or if we programmed it badly it would run into a tree or whatever. KIRSTY: This team is the only one in Australia which has made it into the final round of a competition run by US and Aussie departments. And the winner can score 750 grand! If the technology catches the judges attention it could end up helping out in the military or with other situations at home. © ABC 2010 JORDAN, STUDENT: Well in the battlefield it could be used instead of a soldier so you don't have the human aspect of someone getting killed. GANDALF, STUDENT: In mines if there's an area that's dangerous could be caving in could send a robot in much safer and you could still get all the information you needed. KIRSTY: At the moment, the robots still need humans to control them but the aim is to get them working alone. KIRSTY: Is there ever a point where they could take over the world and humans? STEPH: Maybe you never know! KIRSTY: Well let's just hope they get the technology right! Presenter: Little bit scary to think about. Closer Well that's all we have for you today. We'll see you next time! © ABC 2010