Biol. 3 Study guide for test 3 (Organisms, Physiology & Reproduction) F12 8 th edition
Foraging Ch. 15 (p. 281-284) changes in environment that organisms must cope with, do organisms expend energy to cope with these changes? (costs? benefits?), homeostasis, predator, prey, foraging strategy, optimal foraging, marginal value theorem, what happens if predator increases range of prey?, predator should broaden diet until?, search time, handling time, GUT, what happens to GUT as travel time between patches decreases?
Ch. 7 Adaptations and Physiology homeostasis, organ systems (respiratory, digestive, etc.), parts and functions of organ systems, types of heterotrophs and digestive needs, incomplete vs. complete digestion, human digestive system, ruminants and 4 compartment stomach, mouthparts, saliva, coprophagy, crop, gizzard, types of respiratory surfaces, integumentary exchange (cutaneous respiration), gill, countercurrent exchange, tracheae, lung, open vs. closed circulatory system, cardiovascular system, arteries, veins, capillaries, chambers of the heart homeothermy, poikilothermy, advantages and disadvantages to these different strategies, endotherm, ectotherm, insulation, evaporation, conduction, convection, radiation, boundary layer, daily torpor, hibernation, examples of animals that do both torpor & hibernation, desert iguana example, microhabitat/microclimates, snake & cactus wren examples, also nest orientation of cactus wren, migration, storage, dormancy (examples of each)
Ch. 10 Life Histories fitness, parthenogenesis, life history, maturity, parity, fecundity, mortality, relationship between parental care and fecundity, clutch size, r selection vs. k selection (examples), altricial vs. precocial, annual, perennial, programmed death, semelparity, iteroparity, "big bang reproduction," reproduction of: salmon & agave, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, gamete, dioecious, monoecious, hermaphrodite, perfect flowers, sex ratio, mating systems, promiscuity, polygamy, polyandry, polygyny, monogamy, most common system in animal taxa, advantage to males/females of these systems, lek, sexual selection, sexual dimorphism, handicap principle, siblicide
Parts and functions of male and female reproductive systems
Family and Society territory, dominance hierarchy, reasons for social groups, donor, recipient, cooperation, selfishness, spitefulness, altruism, which of these social behaviors should appear frequently, why?, kin selection, inclusive fitness, insect societies: eusociality, haplodiploidy
**You may have short answer, essay, multiple choice, true/false, matching, definitions and fillin-the-blanks, and "yes" spelling counts!!!!

Sample Essays
1. Draw (or label) and explain MacArthur and Pianka's graph of optimum foraging involving minimizing search and handling time (give an example).
2. Article on effects of prey type of Alsophis- a venomous snake: which do the snakes envenomate more lizards or frogs?, why?, what should the snake do according to optimal foraging theory?, Does it do this?, why or why not?
3. From the film "Making Sense," give 2 specific examples of how our technology messes up animals (such as in migration), also give 2 specific examples of natural trickery (such as use of chemicals by one organism to fool another).
4. What can you tell me about the “Sawtooth Wolf Pack” from the film, “Wolf Return of a
Legend?” Be sure to explain 5-6 points made by the video.
5. Compare the different strategies of r selection vs. k selection. Give example of each, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
6. Compare asexual and sexual reproductive systems in a plant.
7. . Describe the different characteristics in the vegetation of chaparral vs. coastal sage scrub.
In other words, what are the characteristics of the plants in each area, what are some specific examples? What is each area like when mature? After a fire? When are there more layers?
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