BIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW
VOCABULARY:
abiotic
adaptation
adenosine triphosphate
(ATP)
aerobic
anaerobic
anaphase
asexual reproduciton
autotroph
biotic
carbohydrate
carbon dioxide
cell
cell membrane
cell theory
cell wall
centromere
chromatid
chromatography
chromosome
control
consumer
cytokinesis
cytoplasm
daughter cells
decomposer
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
diffusion
egg cell
enzyme
eukaryotic
fertilization
glucose
growth
herbivore
heterotroph
homeostasis
hypothesis
interphase
lactic acid
life cycle
life span
lipid
lock and key theory
lugol's iodine
lysosome
meiosis
metabolism
mitochondria
mitosis
nucleus
omnivore
organelles
organic
organelles
osmosis
oxygen
pH
CONCEPTS TO KNOW:
*This is a basic outline – there may be questions on the exam
not specifically outlined on this chart
*read your NOTES!
*Castle Learning Questions!
photosynthesis
primary consumer
producer
prophase
protein
respiration
rough endoplasmic
reticulum
saccharide
scavenger
secondary consumer
selectively permeable
smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
sperm cell
spindle fiber
starch
substrate
sun
synthesis
telophase
tertiary consumer
tissues
transport
unicellular
variable
zygote
LAB/SAFTEY/CALCULATIONS
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know safety precautions for lab activities
cell diffusion lab – why we did it, what it
means
how to organize data into a table
how to make a line graph from data
label the axes of the graph
interpret data from a table
read measurement from a ruler or
thermometer
iodine tests for starch, methylene blue is
a cell stain
know units of measurement for science
– mm, cm, mL, C°
CELLS
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS/RESPIRATION
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be able to recognize the equations for
both
where do they take place specifically
chloroplasts (grana)
what are the products in each reaction
what are the reactants in each reaction
which reaction creates ATP
which reaction requires intake of light
how are the two reactions dependent on
each other
which reaction makes glucose
which gives off oxygen
to the atmosphere
aerobic vs. anaerobic
respiration
lactic acid production
INTRO GENETICS/CELL DIVISION
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male chromosomes XY, female XX
humans have 23 chromosomes (n) in a sex
cell/gamete (sperm/egg), and 43 (2n) in an
autosome (any body cell)
know steps of mitosis/meiosis and the end
products
Eukaryotes – have
nucleus, prokaryotes
don’t
able to identify animal
cell/plant cell
organelles found in
animal cells, vs. plant
cells
function of cellular
organelles
how cells copy
themselves
cells  tissues  organs
 organ systems
parts of the cell theory
selective permeability –
what can get in & out
what happens to cells in
distilled water vs. salt
water
LIFE PROCESSES
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allow the organism to live
and survive in the
environment
MRS STRANGER – know
the processes and what
they do/are
Movement
Respiration
Synthesis
Sensitivity
Transport
Reproduction
Adaptation
Nutrition
Growth
Excretion
Regulation
All of these working
together = metabolism
Try to maintain balance,
homeostasis ex: sweat
when warm to cool body
ENERGY FLOW IN
ECOSYSTEMS
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species population 
community  ecosystem
sun = energy for whole
ecosystem
food web, shows more
interactions than food
chain
autotroph vs. heterotroph
producer vs. consumer
levels of consumers
abiotic vs. biotic factors
BIOCHEMISTRY
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chemical reactions occur
in your body to keep it
functioning properly
states of matter
physical change /
chemical change
parts of an atom: proton,
neutron, electron
organic vs. inorganic
compounds
atoms  elements 
compounds
properties of and
examples of:
carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, amino acids
enzymes – what are they
and how do they work?
enzyme – substrate
complex like lock and key
factors affecting enzyme
action – temp., amount
of enzyme, pH