The Spelling Scholar PowerPoint
Presentation
1/12/13
The Spelling Scholar: Is It Greek? Is It La7n? What’s the Root? —  The History of People What should be taught? Dispelling the Myth
— Three Layers and Their Words — Alphabetic Layer —  The Anglo-­‐Saxons —  The Vikings Eileen Mattmann Rosanne Cowan —
—
—
www.spellingscholar.com •  mostly have to do with twisting •  kn,
gn and other silent letters were originally pronounced and have their roots in German. •  ed used to be pronounced and still is in words like wretched,
Sound/letter relationship Homophones, contractions, affixes, Greek and Latin Word Parts The Celts Few Celtic words have survived in English. A few are: banshee, bard, blarney, bog, bother, brat, caddy, cairn, crag, dour, bag, galore, glen, hooligan, shanty, slogan, smithereens, spunk, swap, whisky Celts
Celtic
rugged, and ragged. •  tw has to do with two: twin, twice, twelve, twenty, twine (two or more twisted strands) 100
CE
1000
BCE
?
1500
CE
Middle English
Old English
Enter the Angles and Saxons Rome: 43-­‐410 CE —  Former outpost troops now invade England and push the Celts back. Angles, Saxons,
Latin is used by Romans, early Church Romans
Jutes, Danes
Latin
Celtic
Romans
King Arthur
Legend
1000
BCE?
1000
CE
500
CE
Celts
Meaning/Origin
Spelling patterns, rules and inflected endings One sound
Irregular
34%
— Meaning Layer —  Ideas for Instruction •  wr words Sound/Letter
50%
— Pattern Layer —  The Norman French —  Greek and Latin Pa?erns Affected by Word Origin 4%
12%
100
CE
Chaucer
1000
CE
500
CE
Old English
© 2009, Mattmann and Cowan
Shakespeare
1500
CE
Middle English
Celts
Latin
Celtic
Anglo-Saxon,
Danish
King Arthur
Legend
1000
BCE
?
100
CE
1000
CE
500
CE
Old English
1500
CE
Middle English
1
The Spelling Scholar PowerPoint
Presentation
1/12/13
Finding and Reading Etymologies What: The etymology of a word traces the word through time and shows the changes a word has undergone. mask [<Fr. masque <It. maschera <Ar. maskharah, buffoon] neighbor [<O.E. neah, near + gebur, farmer] [First written down before 899 in Old English and spelled neahgebur: neah, near gebur, dweller] Where: Beginning or end of entry Anglo-­‐Saxon Project Animals
People
Where/When
bread
crab
meat
butter
cheese
fish
milk
beef
Food
cat
cow
dog
spider
sheep
parrot
horse
duck
brother
daughter
police
man
child
woman
son
weaver
after
before
between
today
over
during
west
under
Emotions
Body Parts
Time/Seasons
Description
fear
hate
sad
worry
happy
glad
love
like
arm
knee
head
ear
liver
pancreas
shoulder
tongue
hour
evening
dawn
day
noon
summer
dusk
morning
cold
sore
tired
cool
hot
thirsty
sick
huge
Things to No7ce Sight Words and High Frequency Words: The Hidden Story… —  Who are those Anglo-­‐Saxons? Project Extensions —  Thesaurus/Dictionary —  Connected words —
—
If “thunder” is Old English, is “lightning?” If “low” is Old English, is “high?” Ice/snow? Hot/cold? —  Synonyms —  small (O.E.), little (O.E.), tiny (M.E.), minute (L.), minuscule (L.) —  Elaborate/basic word combinations —  “fabric” is French, “cloth” is Old English —
—
“crack/crevice/chasm” “clothes/garments” More Invaders-­‐New Words! —  Vikings invade and stay: bleak, anger, crawl, sister, skill, trust —  William the Conqueror brings the Norman court and upper class words: pardon, lodge, veil, wage, surrender, occupy, majesty —  Lots of “kn” words are Old English Normans
Vikings
—  Lots of “sw” words are Old English Angles, Saxons,
Jutes, Danes
—  Old Norse was very similar to Old English; some words you’d think would be Old English were masked by the Old Norse word. Romans
Celts
Latin
Celtic
Anglo-Saxon, Old Norse
Danish
Norman
French
King Arthur
Legend
1000
BCE?
100
CE
Chaucer
1000
CE
500
CE
Old English
© 2009, Mattmann and Cowan
Shakespeare
1500
CE
Middle English
2
The Spelling Scholar PowerPoint
Presentation
1/12/13
French Becomes Part of English Student Resources ch has three sounds based on word origin: —  chalk and chance (Anglo-­‐Saxon and Old French), —  chef and chauffeur (French), —  and (later) chorus, chemistry, and chaos (Greek) Greek and La7n Roots Vikings
Renaissance
Angles, Saxons,
Jutes, Danes
Romans
Celts
Latin
Celtic
Anglo-Saxon, Old Norse
Danish
Norman
French
King Arthur
Legend
1000
BCE?
Tracking Words Normans
100
CE
Latin, Greek,
French
Chaucer
1000
CE
500
CE
Old English
Middle English
Bring the Timeline to Life © 2009, Mattmann and Cowan
Shakespeare
1500
CE
Third Grade—Words Have Histories 3
The Spelling Scholar PowerPoint
Presentation
Resources 1/12/13
Scru7nizing Words —  Booklet containing a list of Greek and Latin prefixes, roots, and suffixes —  Design 215 Word Finder —
—  http://www.design215.com/toolbox/
—
Meaning of word part Sample words wordfind.php —  List of roots and meanings https://www.msu.edu/~defores1/gre/roots/
gre_rts_afx2.htm Scru7nizing Words” Lesson Ideas: Greek and La7n Word Families —  Purpose —
•  ject means throw, so Analyzing word parts to infer word meaning —
auto (self) + mobile (move) = automobile (moves by itself) —
rebellion (away + war) —
commemorate (together + remember) —
proceed (forward + go) —
contradict (against + speak) what do interject, reject, inject, and dejected mean? •  If rupt means tear or break, what does interrupt mean? Lesson Rou7nes for Greek and La7n Roots Lesson Rou7nes for Greek and La7n Roots —  If/Then —  If com means together and pos means put, then a composer is someone who ______ —  Which Word Doesn’t Belong? credenza creed creditor
discredit —  Context Clues —  If pro means forward and pel means drive, what does propel mean in this sentence? The force of the crash propelled the crash dummy through the windshield. © 2009, Mattmann and Cowan
4
The Spelling Scholar PowerPoint
Presentation
1/12/13
Design 215 Word Finder Crea7ng Word Sorts —  Sort according to the root ject crit fract/frag pos inject critic fragment position interject dejected critical critique fraction fragile compose oppose Searched: 99376 words in 2.300 seconds —  Sort according to a pattern or sound (the three sounds of /ch/) Root finder: h?ps://www.msu.edu/~defores1/gre/roots/gre_rts_afx2.htm Words Found: 124 Length: any Contains: ject abject adjective conjecture dejected dejection eject inject interject interjection object objection objective project projected projectile projection projector reject rejection subject subjective subjectivity trajectory Card Game Ideas —  Concentration —  Sets of Four Games (Go Fish, Rummy, Old Maid) —  Create sets of four words with a common pattern, pronunciation, or root Card Games —  Introduce in large or small group —  Make available (center work, Daily Five work, spare time, etc.) —  Use for small group re-­‐teaching, reinforcement The Spelling Scholar Games —  Whole Class —  Jeopardy ject crit fract/frag pos To force a fluid into the body A person who makes judgments A broken piece The way a person or thing is put To insert or come between Tending to find fault In math, a part of a whole To create or put together a piece of art Easily broken To put oneself up against someone To have down Essay or article feelings analyzing a topic © 2009, Mattmann and Cowan
5
The Spelling Scholar PowerPoint
Presentation
1/12/13
Projects Roots Posters Dyna
Power
Dynasty
A powerful family will pass power down through the
generations.
Dynamite
Dynamite is a powerful explosive made with
nitroglycerin, sodium nitrate and wood pulp.
Dynamo
A dynamo creates electrical power from mechanical
energy in a magnetic field.
Dynamic
A dynamic person is powerful, energetic, vigorous and
forceful.
Tes7ng Greek and La7n Roots con
col
com
ation
auto
stell
graph
ite
phone
gram
vers
ide
vision
tele
dia
lect
1. a signature written in a person s own handwriting
1. _________________
2. a group of stars together
2. __________________
3. the writing substance in pencils
3. __________________
4. an instrument that can send a person s voice 4. __________________
over a long distance
—  Fill in the following sentences with words that contain this unit s word parts —  1. I ask sports players to sign their names in my __________________________ book. —  2. In the night sky, the stars are arranged together in __________________________ that are pictures of mythological characters. —  3. Mom says I m either watching ____________________________ or playing video games. —  4. In the old days, if a person got a __________________________ it seemed that it always contained bad news. Websites —  Design 215 Word Finder http://www.design215.com/toolbox/wordfind.php —  List of roots and meanings https://www.msu.edu/~defores1/gre/roots/gre_rts_afx2.htm —  Build word lists http://www.design215.com/toolbox/wordfind.php —  Circle the word part that does NOT make a real word with the word part beginning each row. 1. gram dia
tele
2. tele inter phone 3. de-­‐ graph tach © 2009, Mattmann and Cowan
ible
cast
mote pro scope press
—  Online Etymology Dictionary-­‐very interesting information on the parentage of words http://www.etymonline.com/ 6
The Spelling Scholar PowerPoint
Presentation
Websites (cont.) —  Latin Root Jeopardy http://www.quia.com/cb/214906.html?AP_rand=402719077 1/12/13
Addi7onal Resources —  American Heritage Student Dictionary by Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries —  Contains etymologies for about ¼ of the entry words that are written in a narrative form —  The American Heritage High School Dictionary contains etymologies for every —  Latin and Greek Root Concentration http://www.quia.com/cc/65969.html —  Concentration (easier version-­‐cards showing) http://www.quia.com/mc/65969.html —  Online Dictionary http://dictionary.reference.com/ word —  Scotland. January, 2000. Faces Magazine: People, Places, and Cultures. (a Cobblestone Publication) —  This publication is about Scotland s culture, but it contains small sections about the Romans, the Angle and Saxon invasion, and the Vikings from Norway. This information would apply to the British isles as a whole. —  The Norman Conquest. February, 2001. Calliope Magazine: Exploring World History. (a Cobblestone Publication) —  Use this terrific magazine as a read-­‐aloud. Includes the history of Viking attacks, the Anglo-­‐Saxons wars against them, William the Conqueror s invasion of England, and the influence of the Normans in England on the English language. Thank you. When children are taught to think
about language, it allows them to learn
HOW to spell, not just memorize
words. (Moats, 2009)
© 2009, Mattmann and Cowan
7