APUSH Period 5 Jenson/Walseth
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1.
13th
Amendment
Abolished slavery in the United States
2.
14th
Amendment
declared that all persons born in the US were
citizenship, that all citizens were entilted to
equal rights and their rights wer protected by
due process
3.
15th
Amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote
because of race, color , or precious condition of
servitude
4.
Abolitionists
Anti-slavery activists who demanded the
immediate end of slavery
5.
Abraham
Lincoln
(1809-1865) Sixteenth president of the United
States, he promoted equal rights for African
Americans in the famed Lincoln- Douglas
debates. He issued the Emancipation
Proclamation and set in motion the Civil War,
but he was determined to preserve the Union.
He was assassinated in 1865.
6.
Anaconda
Plan
Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for
blockade of southern coast, capture of
Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take
an army through heart of south
7.
Battle of
Antietam
Civil War battle in which the North succeeded
in halting Lee's Confederate forces in
Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war
resulting in 25,000 casualties
8.
Battle of
Gettysburg
9.
10.
11.
12.
Carpetbaggers
A derogatory term applied to Northerners
who migrated south during the
Reconstruction to take advantage of
opportunities to advance their own fortunes
by buying up land from desperate
Southerners and by manipulating new black
voters to obtain lucrative government
contracts.
13.
Compromise
of 1850
California wanted to join the Union, but if
California was accepted the North would
gain control of the Senate, and Southerners
threatened to secede from the Union. This
compromise set up California joining the
Union as a free state, New Mexico and Utah
use popular sovereignty to decide the
question of slavery, slave trading is banned
in the nation's capital, The Fugitive Slave Law
is passed, and the border between Texas
and New Mexico was set.
14.
Compromise
of 1877
Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise
1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint
Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster
general), 3) Federal money for railroad
construction and levees on Mississippi river
15.
Confederacy
A loose union of independent states; name of
government used by the southern states
that seceded during the Civil War
Turning point of the War that made it clear the
North would win. 50,000 people died, and the
South lost its chance to invade the North.
16.
Copperheads
A group of northern Democrats who
opposed abolition and sympathized with the
South during the Civil War
Black Codes
Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed
slaves; passed by southern states following the
Civil War
17.
Dred Scott
Decision
Bleeding
Kansas
(1856) a series of violent fights between proslavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas who
had moved to Kansas to try to influence the
decision of whether or not Kansas would a
slave state or a free state.
A Missouri slave sued for his freedom,
claiming that his four year stay in the
northern portion of the Louisiana Territory
made free land by the Missouri Compromise
had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme
Court decided he couldn't sue in federal
court because he was property, not a citizen.
18.
Election of
1860
Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won
because the Democratic party was split over
slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt
like it has a voice in politics and a number of
states seceded from the Union.
19.
Emancipation
Proclamation
an order issued by President Abraham
Lincoln freeing the slaves in areas rebelling
against the Union; took effect January 1, 1863
20.
Freedmen's
Bureau
1865-Organization created at end of Civil War
that aided southerners (mainly former
slaves) with education, finding food, shelter
and employment.
Border
States
Five slave states-Missouri, Kentucky,
Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia-that
did not secede during the Civil War. To keep
the states in the Union, Abraham Lincoln
insisted that the war was not about abolishing
slavery but rather protecting the Union.
21.
Free-Soil
Movement
A movement of abolitionists who believed
that slavery should be abolished in frontier
territories not due to its immoral sentiments,
but since it deprives white yeomanry of land
opportunities
22.
Free-Soil
Party
A political party dedicated to stopping the
expansion of slavery
Fugitive Slave
Law
A rule that was written in the Compromise of
1850 that stated: If a slave goes from the
South to the North, they are a fugitive slave
and can be returned to the South. It also
included the deputization of ordinary citizens
so that they were unable to refuse to help.
23.
32.
Mexican War
War declared in 1846 after Mexican troops
crossed the Rio Grande into Texas. Was
ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo which gave the U.S. Texas, New
Mexico, and California in exchange for $15
million to Mexico
33.
Nativism
An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the
1840's and 1850's in response to the influx
of Irish and German Catholics.
34.
New York Draft
Riots
July 1863 just after the Battle at Gettysburg.
Mobs of Irish working-class men and
women roamed the streets for four days
until federal troops suppressed them. They
loathed the idea of being drafted to fight a
war on behalf of slaves who, once freed,
would compete with them for jobs; , Anticonscription violence that protested the
unfair $300 draft evasion fee that made
poor people have to fight the war
24.
Gettysburg
Address
(1863) a speech given by Abraham Lincoln
after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he
praised the bravery of Union soldiers and
renewed his commitment to winning the Civil
War; supported the ideals of self-government
and human rights
25.
Infrastructure
the basic physical and organizational
structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads,
and power supplies) needed for the
operation of a society or enterprise.
35.
Nullification
A legal theory that a state in the US has the
right to invalidate any federal law that the
state deems unconstitutional. John C
Calhoun was the foremost proponent.
26.
Jim Crow
Laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of
blacks from whites
36.
Ostend
Manifesto
27.
John Brown
An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave
revolt by capturing Armories in southern
territory and giving weapons to slaves, was
hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an
Armory
a declaration (1854) issued from Ostend,
Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England,
France, and Spain, stating that the U.S.
would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain
did not sell it to the U.S.
37.
Peculiar
Institution
A euphemism for slavery and the economic
ramifications of it in the American South.
The term aimed to explain away the
seeming contradiction of legalized slavery in
a country whose Declaration of
Independence states that "all men are
created equal". It was one of the key causes
of the Civil War.
38.
Popular
Sovereignty
Doctrine under which the status of slavery
in the territories was to be determined by
the settlers themselve
39.
Radical
Reconstruction
1867, removed governments in states not
ratifying 14th Amendment, made 5 military
districts, state must write a new constitution,
ratify 14th Amendment, and allow African
Americans to vote
40.
Radical
Republicans
Following the Civil War those Northerners
who wanted to punish the South and help
the newly freed slaves.
41.
Reconstruction
1865-1877; the attempt to rebuild and
reform the political, social, and economic
systems of the South after the Civil War.
28.
KansasNebraska Act
1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as
states and gave the people in those
territories the right to chose to be a free or
slave state through popular sovereignty.
29.
Ku Klux Klan
A secret society created by white southerners
in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep
African Americans from obtaining their civil
rights.
30.
Manifest
Destiny
A notion held by a nineteenth-century
Americans that the United States was
destined to rule the continent, from the
Atlantic the Pacific. This rationale drove the
acquisition of territory.
31.
Mexican
Cession
Historical name for the region of the present
day southwestern United States that was
ceded to the U.S. by Mexico in 1848 under
the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following
the Mexican-American War. This massive
land grab was significant because the
question of extending slavery into newly
acquired territories had become the leading
national political issue.
42.
Republican
Party
1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats,
Free Soilers and reformers from the
Northwest met and formed party in order to
keep slavery out of the territories
53.
Underground
Railroad
A secret cooperative network that aided
fugitive slaves in reaching sanctuary in the
free states or in Canada in the years before
the abolition of slavery in the United States
43.
Scalawags
Southern whites who supported republican
policy throught reconstruction
54.
Wilmot
Proviso
1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any
territory gained from the War with Mexico
44.
Secession
Formal withdrawal of states or regions from
a nation
45.
Second Party
System
The second party structure in the nation's
history that emerged when Andrew Jackson
first ran for the presidency in 1824. The
major parties were the Democratic Party, led
by Andrew Jackson, and the Whig Party
(anti-Jackson), assembled by Henry Clay
from the National Republicans.
46.
Segregation
Enforced separation of races
47.
Sharecropping
A system used on southern farms after the
Civil War in which farmers worked land
owned by someone else in return for a small
portion of the crops.
48.
Sherman's
March to the
Sea
General Sherman led some 60000 troops on
a march south across Georgia; burned cities
and destroyed everything in his path; killed
civilians, destroyed crops. Sherman believed
in total war.
49.
Surrender at
Appomattox
Courthouse
Lee surrendered after steadily losing
ground and after finding himself unable to
lift the siege of Petersburg. Petersburg fell to
Grant on April 2. Lee than abandoned
Richmond, the Confederate Capitol, and fled
west only to surrender a week later on April
9. This essentially ended the war, although
some fighting continued until the end of
May
50.
Total War
A war that involves the complete
mobilization of resources and people,
affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring
countries, even those remote from the
battlefields.
51.
Treaty of
Guadalupe
Hidalgo
(1848) treaty signed by the U.S. and Mexico
that officially ended the Mexican-American
War; Mexico had to give up much of its
northern territory to the U.S (Mexican
Cession); in exchange the U.S. gave Mexico
$15 million and said that Mexicans living in
the lands of the Mexican Cession would be
protected
52.
Uncle Tom's
Cabin
A best-selling novel by Harriet Beecher
Stowe, published in 1852, that portrayed
slavery as a great moral evil