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Economic Benefits of the Expansion of Avocado
Imports from Mexico: State-by-State Impacts
Research Report to the Asociación de Productores y
Empacadores de Aguacate (APEAM, A.C.) and the
Mexican Hass Avocado Import Association (MHAIA)
Forecasting and
Business Analytics,
LLC.
Dr.GaryW.Williams,
FABATeamandProfessor,
TexasA&MUniversity
Dr.OralCapps,Jr.,
FABAManagingPartnerandExecutiveProfessor,
TexasA&MUniversity
DanHanselka
FABATeamandExtensionAssociate,
TexasA&MUniversity
ForecastingandBusinessAnalytics,LLC
9409WhitneyLane CollegeStation,TX77845
Phone:979‐255‐7081 Email:capps@faba‐llc.com
1 Webpage:http://www.faba‐llc.com
April 2014
Economic Benefits of the Expansion of Avocado Imports from Mexico:
State-by-State Impacts
Gary W. Williams, Oral Capps, Jr., and Daniel Hanselka
Forecasting and Business Analytics, LLC
This report is the second of two reports analyzing the economic benefits from U.S. imports of
avocados from Mexico. The previous report looked at the aggregate economic effects of those
imports across the U.S. as a whole. This report provides a state-by-state breakdown of the
impacts.
Avocados are consumed in every state of the union. Thus, avocado imports have an impact on the
economies of every state as well. Obviously, the impact differs given the different levels of
avocado imports that enter each state as driven primarily by differences in per capita state income
and population. In 2013, the U.S. imported $991.875 million of Mexican avocados (USDA
2014). Data on U.S. imports of any commodity are not available by state. Consequently, to
determine the state-by-state impacts of U.S. avocado imports from Mexico, we estimated the
value of avocado imports by state using avocado consumption data and state gross domestic
product (GDP) levels as detailed in the methodology section. Using the Information Resources,
Inc. (IRI) regional aggregation of states, the estimates suggest that the West region (Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming)
accounted for the largest share of 2013 avocado imports from Mexico at 19.2% followed by the
South Central region (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas) at 18.8%, California at 14.0%,
the Northeast region (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island) at 13.0%, the Midsouth region (Delaware, District of
Colombia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia) at 10.3%, the
Great Lakes region (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin) at 9.5%, the Southeast region
(Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina) at 8.9%, the Plains region (Iowa,
Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota) at 4.6%, and Alaska and
Hawaii at 1.5% (Figure 1).
Methodology Used in the State-by-State Analysis
The same general methodology and procedures used in the first report to analyze the aggregate
U.S. economic impact of Mexican avocado imports is used in this analysis of the state-level
impacts of those imports with two exceptions. First, this state-by-state analysis employs only the
IMPLAN model approach to the economic impact analysis (IMPLAN 2014). The econometric
approach used for the analysis of the aggregate U.S. impact of Mexican avocado imports is not
replicated in the state-by-state analysis. The econometric approach was utilized in the first study
2
Figure 1: Estimated Shares of U.S. Avocado Imports from Mexico by Region (%), 2013
1.5
14.1
9.5
19.2
10.3
8.9
13.0
4.6
18.8
California
Great Lakes
Midsouth
Northeast
Plains
South Central
Southeast
West
Alaska and Hawaii
primarily as a check of the validity of the IMPLAN results. Given the results of that analysis
which validates the IMPLAN approach, a state-by-state econometric analysis is not needed.
The second difference in the methodology of the state-level analysis from the aggregate U.S.
analysis is that an updated IMPLAN model is used in this analysis. The updated IMPLAN model
uses 2012 data and coefficients for the United States and for individual states (rather than 2010 as
in the aggregate U.S. analysis) to construct the U.S. and individual state models within IMPLAN.
For each state, the 2013 value of the respective state’s imports of Mexican avocado imports was
entered into the respective state model as the industry sales for the wholesale trade businesses
sector event.
Imputation of the 2013 Value of State Imports of Mexican Avocados
For this analysis, the value of avocado imports in 2013 by each state had to be estimated because
state-level import data are not available. The problem is that shipments of any imported
commodity like avocados into some states may simply be transported through the state to other
destinations (transshipments). In deriving estimates of the state value of Mexican avocado
3
imports, the initial attention centered on the retail volume (number of pounds) of avocados sold in
the United States based on the most recent Regional Composite Data reports available from the
Hass Avocado Board (HAB 2014). These respective reports include retail volume and dollar
trends and average selling prices delivered quarterly. These reports essentially provide the
overview of the avocado category by region at the retail level of the marketing channel.
Consequently, these data help retailers, shippers, handlers, and others involved in the avocado
business identify opportunities for planning purposes. The Symphony Information Resources Inc.
(IRI) Group / FreshLook Marketing organization gathers chain-wide sales across all retail market
areas. Regional figures include data collected from all reporting retailers as well as imputed data
(non-reporting retailers such as club, warehouse and independent stores) for a total of 100% of
retail sales for the area. This information is available on a calendar quarter basis.
The IRI sales data are only available by the eight IRI regions, including: (1) California, (2) Great
Lakes, (3) Midsouth, (4) Northeast, (5) Plains, (6) South Central, (7) Southeast, and (8)
West. These regions are linked by 45 different metropolitan areas/cities of the United States as
follows: California: Los Angeles; Sacramento; San Diego; and San Francisco; Great Lakes:
Chicago, IL; Cincinnati, OH; Cleveland, OH; Columbus, OH; and Detroit, MI; Mid-South:
Baltimore, MD; Louisville, KY; Memphis, TN; Raleigh, NC; Richmond, VA; and Roanoke, VA;
Northeast: Albany, NY; Boston, MA; Buffalo, NY; New England; New York; Philadelphia, PA;
and Pittsburgh, PA; Plains: St. Louis, MO; Omaha, NE; Des Moines, IA; Minneapolis/St. Paul,
MN; Kansas City, KS/MO; and Wichita, KS; South Central: Dallas, TX; Houston, TX; and
Little Rock, AR; Southeast: Atlanta, GA; Charlotte, SC; Columbia, SC; Jacksonville, FL;
Miami, FL; Orlando, FL; and Tampa/St. Petersburg, FL; West: Boise, ID; Denver, CO; Las
Vegas, NV; Phoenix, AZ; Portland, OR; Seattle, WA; and Spokane, WA.
Using the most recently available quarterly data from IRI (calendar year 2012) on the retail
volume of avocados sold in the United States (pounds of avocados sold by region), the second
step of this imputation process was to calculate average regional shares. These average regional
shares of avocado consumption were as follows: (1) California, 22.60%; (2) Great Lakes, 8.58%;
(3) Mid-South, 9.24%; (4) New England, 11.75%; (5) Plains, 4.18%; (6) Southeast, 8.05%; (7)
South Central, 16.96%; and (8) West, 18.63%.
The third step in the process of estimating the state level value of Mexican avocado imports was
to categorize each state and the District of Columbia into the IRI regions. The fourth step in the
imputation process required the translation of the regional share information to respective states.
To accommodate this translation, data were acquired concerning the gross domestic product
(GDP) by state for 2012. So for any region, the sum of the respective state GDPs in that region
was calculated and, subsequently, the GDP shares for each state in the respective regions. These
GDP shares were multiplied by the average share of avocado consumption on a region-by-region
basis.
4
The fifth step in this process entailed gathering the value of Mexican imports of avocados for
calendar year 2013 ($991,875,000) from the Foreign Agricultural Service of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. Because California also produces Hass avocados, it was necessary to acquire the
value of avocado production for California in 2013 ($435,023,142) from the California Avocado
Commission industry statistical data (CAC 2014).
The last step in this imputation process was to multiply the value of Mexican imports of avocados
for calendar year 2013 by the average regional share of avocado consumption and to multiply this
product by the regional GDP share associated with the individual state. However, for the case of
California, the value of avocado production for California was first subtracted from the total value
of Mexican imports of avocados for calendar year 2013. Then the difference was multiplied by
regional share of avocado consumption for California to arrive at the imputation of the value of
Mexican avocado for California.
The projections of the total value of Mexican imports of avocados for calendar year 2013 by state
are exhibited in Table 1. Not surprisingly, the two top states were California at $139,680,249 and
Texas at $136,506,412. These state figures then formed the inputs into the IMPLAN model as
described above.
Analysis of the State-by-State Benefits from Imports of Avocados from Mexico
The estimated state impacts of Mexican avocado imports are summarized alphabetically in Table
2. Details of the impacts by industry within each state are provided in the appendix. For this
analysis, states were divided into three categories according to the impact of Mexican avocado
imports on the respective states’ economies: (1) high impact, (2) medium impact, and (3) low
impact. High impact states include those for which imports of Mexican avocados in 2013
generated more than 500 jobs and contributed more than $100 million to the respective state
GDP. Medium impact states include those for which Mexican avocado imports in 2013 created
from 100 to 500 jobs and contributed from $10 million to $100 million to the respective state
GDP. Low impact states include those for which Mexican avocados generated less than 100 jobs
and contributed less than $10 million to the state GDP. Figure 2 groups the states according to
the impact of Mexican avocado imports on their economies.
The highest impact states are, not surprisingly, California and Texas (in green on the map in
Figure 2), states with relatively high state GDPs and, interestingly, large populations of Hispanic
consumers and where Hispanic cuisine is highly popular. In California, Mexican avocado imports
in 2013 generated 1,359 jobs and contributed $168.2 million to the California state GDP. In
Texas, imports of Mexican avocados created 1,292 jobs and contributed $159.0 million to that
state’s GDP.
5
Table 1: Estimates of State Value of Avocado Imports from Mexico, 2013
State
Import value
State
$ million
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Import value
$ million
$9,728,544
$6,180,915
$31,809,917
$10,702,422
$139,680,249
$32,662,938
$9,434,614
$3,506,120
$5,833,951
$41,192,032
$22,980,462
$8,631,994
$6,941,804
$30,342,347
$13,032,923
$6,798,158
$6,196,859
$9,217,273
$23,764,014
$2,207,528
$16,880,109
$16,614,181
$17,479,239
$13,143,970
$5,379,276
$11,543,079
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
$4,817,774
$4,439,924
$15,921,466
$2,661,779
$20,900,379
$9,606,466
$49,614,657
$24,228,539
$2,052,166
$22,231,493
$15,723,203
$23,682,680
$24,722,246
$2,096,444
$9,340,032
$1,893,758
$14,720,559
$136,506,412
$15,552,225
$1,123,018
$23,692,026
$44,782,102
$3,686,569
$11,414,767
$4,579,400
Total
$991,875,000
The medium impact category included 25 states (in blue on the map in Figure 2) located primarily
in the West and Great Lakes regions with some states from the Northeast and some from southern
regions. Florida registered the largest impact of Mexican avocado imports on its economy among
the medium impact states with 447 jobs created and $48.4 million contributed to its state GDP.
Florida, the state with the third largest impact of Mexican avocado imports, also has a high state
GDP and where Hispanic culture heavily influences food consumption choices and cooking
styles. New York and Washington were not far behind Florida with 400 jobs created in each state
and $56.4 million and $50.1 million, respectively, in GDP created. Rounding out the top ten were
Colorado (347 jobs and $38.5 million in value added), Arizona (339 jobs created and $36.4 in
value added), Illinois (291 jobs and $36.4 million in value added), North Carolina (259 jobs and
$26.3 million in value added), and Oregon (248 jobs created and $26.2 million in value added).
The low impact category included 23 states and the District of Colombia (in red on the map in
Figure 2) located primarily in the Plains and Northeast regions with a few of the lower population
states in the West region and a few from southern regions (along with Alaska and Hawaii). New
6
Table 2: Summary Economic Impact of U.S. Imports of Mexican Avocados by State, 2013
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Output
Total
Value Added
Total
Employment
Total
Labor Income
Total
Taxes*
$ million
$ million
No. Jobs
$ million
$ million
$14.88
$8.71
$55.54
$15.92
$252.77
$58.54
$15.04
$5.44
$7.53
$73.73
$40.15
$13.73
$10.89
$53.66
$20.81
$10.65
$9.78
$14.11
$37.55
$3.56
$27.38
$28.34
$29.42
$23.63
$8.02
$19.74
$7.55
$7.23
$25.09
$4.40
$35.14
$14.45
$80.06
$41.11
$2.92
$38.53
$24.93
$40.34
$42.47
$3.37
$14.48
$2.89
$24.66
$236.04
$27.53
$1.70
$39.00
$74.68
$5.19
$19.43
$6.20
$9.41
$5.79
$36.42
$10.54
$168.15
$38.46
$10.80
$3.75
$5.52
$48.43
$26.75
$8.16
$6.54
$36.41
$13.11
$6.71
$6.34
$9.13
$24.17
$2.24
$18.42
$19.28
$19.25
$15.50
$4.99
$12.55
$4.61
$4.52
$16.34
$2.89
$24.52
$8.59
$56.42
$26.31
$1.94
$24.77
$15.88
$26.15
$28.00
$2.23
$9.27
$1.81
$16.12
$159.00
$16.90
$1.05
$26.05
$50.14
$3.25
$12.20
$4.10
94.2
44.9
339.2
92.2
1,358.6
346.7
74.3
29.4
32.3
447.0
235.6
88.1
74.5
291.2
131.7
67.3
59.2
85.5
226.7
23.3
154.0
156.1
175.8
136.1
51.3
124.3
50.9
46.3
151.6
26.7
179.6
98.7
400.1
258.8
16.3
238.3
153.2
247.6
246.7
19.8
93.6
18.0
148.3
1,291.8
181.3
11.3
223.4
400.0
32.7
123.1
35.0
$5.27
$2.79
$21.67
$5.29
$96.38
$24.23
$6.21
$2.19
$3.69
$27.39
$15.45
$4.61
$3.83
$21.40
$7.55
$3.87
$3.65
$4.83
$13.58
$1.27
$10.83
$12.66
$11.09
$9.46
$2.64
$7.65
$2.56
$2.64
$9.48
$1.87
$14.45
$4.86
$32.48
$15.45
$1.05
$14.52
$8.67
$16.08
$16.74
$1.32
$5.16
$0.99
$9.18
$90.94
$10.08
$0.61
$15.29
$27.71
$1.74
$7.32
$2.07
$2.82
$2.47
$9.71
$3.14
$52.37
$9.33
$2.83
$1.01
$1.46
$14.06
$6.84
$2.47
$1.90
$9.61
$3.61
$1.86
$1.60
$2.75
$6.98
$0.74
$5.84
$5.21
$5.18
$4.04
$1.67
$3.07
$1.52
$1.18
$5.04
$0.74
$7.16
$2.75
$18.78
$7.30
$0.58
$6.59
$4.60
$6.68
$8.02
$0.75
$3.03
$0.53
$4.47
$38.41
$4.56
$0.36
$7.57
$15.93
$1.17
$3.40
$1.48
* Federal, state, and local
7
Figure 2
High Impact States
Jobs
VA*
California 1,358.6 $168.2
Texas
1,291.8 $159.0
Medium Impact States
Jobs
VA*
Florida
447.0 $48.4
New York
400.1 $56.4
Washington
400.0 $50.1
Colorado
346.7 $38.5
Arizona
339.2 $36.4
Illinois
291.2 $36.4
N. Carolina
258.8 $26.3
Oregon
247.6 $26.2
Pennsylvania 246.7 $28.0
Ohio
238.3 $24.8
Georgia
235.6 $26.8
Louisiana
226.7 $24.2
Virginia
223.4 $26.1
Utah
181.3 $16.9
New Jersey
179.6 $24.5
Michigan
175.8 $19.3
Massachusetts 156.1 $19.3
Maryland
154.0 $18.4
Oklahoma
153.2 $15.9
Nevada
151.6 $16.3
Tennessee
148.3 $16.1
Minnesota
136.1 $15.5
Indiana
131.7 $13.1
Missouri
124.3 $12.6
Wisconsin
123.1 $12.2
* Value-added in $ millions
8
Low Impact States
Jobs
New Mexico
98.7
Alabama
94.2
S. Carolina
93.6
Arkansas
92.2
Hawaii
88.1
Kentucky
85.5
Idaho
74.5
Connecticut
74.3
Iowa
67.3
Kansas
59.2
Mississippi
51.3
Montana
50.9
Nebraska
46.3
Alaska
44.9
Wyoming
35.0
West Virginia 32.7
D.C.
32.3
Delaware
29.4
New Hampshire 26.7
Maine
23.3
Rhode Island
19.8
S. Dakota
18.0
N. Dakota
16.3
Vermont
11.3
VA*
$8.6
$9.4
$9.3
$10.5
$8.2
$9.1
$6.5
$10.8
$6.7
$6.3
$5.0
$4.6
$4.5
$5.8
$4.1
$3.3
$5.5
$3.8
$2.9
$2.2
$2.2
$1.8
$1.9
$1.1
Mexico, another state whose culture and cuisine is heavily influenced by Hispanic traditions,
experienced the largest economic impact from Mexican avocado imports among the low impact
category states (99 jobs created and $8.6 million in value added).
The contributions to federal, state, and local taxes by Mexican avocado imports followed
generally the same pattern as jobs created and value added generated. In California and Texas,
the imports generated $52.4 and $38.4 million in federal, state and local taxes (Table 2). In
contrast, in the low impact states, the additional federal, state, and local taxes generated ranged
from a high of $3.1 million in Arkansas to a low of $360,000 in Vermont.
Just one caution about comparing these state-level numbers to the aggregate national numbers
generated in the first report. The total impacts of all of the individual states summed up does not
equal the aggregate of the U.S. for any of the categories in Tables 2 and 3 (output, employment,
labor income, value added, and taxes). The reason is that state-level estimates only capture
economic activity that occurs within state boundaries whereas the national-level estimates
captures both the impact within states as well as economic activity that crosses state borders, and,
thus, will be larger.
Implied State-Level Impact Multipliers
When the state-by-state benefits of the Mexican avocado imports are expressed on a per dollar of
imports basis, the impacts are more even across the states (Table 3). Thus, a high dollar value of
impact divided by a high level of import value is not much different in many cases from a low
dollar impact value divided by a low dollar value of imports. The ratio of the value of impact to
the value of imports for each state provides a measure of the multiplier effect of the imports. For
example, the ratio of value added to import value for a given state indicates the value-added
generated for every dollar of Mexican avocados imported into the state.
The value-added multipliers range from highs of 1.20 in California and 1.18 in Florida and
Minnesota to low of 0.88 in West Virginia and 0.89 in New Mexico and Wyoming. The jobs
multiplier (jobs generated per $million in imports) ranged from highs of 11.7 in Utah, 10.9 in
Florida, and 10.8 in Missouri and Wisconsin to lows of 5.5 in the District of Colombia, 7.3 in
Alaska, 7.9 in Connecticut, and 8.0 in North Dakota.
Industry by Industry Breakdown of the State-Level Impacts
As with the aggregate U.S. analysis, the industry breakdown of the state-level economic impacts
of Mexican avocado imports indicates that wholesale/retail and service industries account for
much of the contribution of imports of Mexican imports to state-level economic activity as might
be expected. (See the appendix for the tables showing the industry breakdown of the impacts for all
9
Table 3: Economic Multipliers of Avocado Imports by State, 2013
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Output
Total
Value Added
Total
Employment
Total
Labor Income
Total
Taxes*
$output/$imports
$VA/$imports
jobs added/$million imports
$income/$imports
% of import value
1.53
1.41
1.75
1.49
1.81
1.79
1.59
1.55
1.29
1.79
1.75
1.59
1.57
1.77
1.60
1.57
1.58
1.53
1.58
1.61
1.62
1.71
1.68
1.80
1.49
1.71
1.57
1.63
1.58
1.65
1.68
1.50
1.61
1.70
1.42
1.73
1.59
1.70
1.72
1.61
1.55
1.52
1.68
1.73
1.77
1.52
1.65
1.67
1.41
1.70
1.35
0.97
0.94
1.15
0.98
1.20
1.18
1.14
1.07
0.95
1.18
1.16
0.95
0.94
1.20
1.01
0.99
1.02
0.99
1.02
1.01
1.09
1.16
1.10
1.18
0.93
1.09
0.96
1.02
1.03
1.09
1.17
0.89
1.14
1.09
0.94
1.11
1.01
1.10
1.13
1.07
0.99
0.96
1.10
1.16
1.09
0.94
1.10
1.12
0.88
1.07
0.89
9.69
7.27
10.66
8.61
9.73
10.61
7.87
8.39
5.54
10.85
10.25
10.21
10.73
9.60
10.11
9.90
9.55
9.27
9.54
10.54
9.12
9.40
10.06
10.35
9.54
10.77
10.56
10.42
9.52
10.02
8.59
10.27
8.06
10.68
7.96
10.72
9.74
10.46
9.98
9.43
10.02
9.51
10.07
9.46
11.66
10.02
9.43
8.93
8.87
10.78
7.65
0.54
0.45
0.68
0.49
0.69
0.74
0.66
0.62
0.63
0.66
0.67
0.53
0.55
0.71
0.58
0.57
0.59
0.52
0.57
0.58
0.64
0.76
0.63
0.72
0.49
0.66
0.53
0.59
0.60
0.70
0.69
0.51
0.65
0.64
0.51
0.65
0.55
0.68
0.68
0.63
0.55
0.52
0.62
0.67
0.65
0.54
0.65
0.62
0.47
0.64
0.45
29.03
40.04
30.53
29.38
37.49
28.57
30.04
28.91
25.07
34.13
29.75
28.56
27.32
31.66
27.71
27.36
25.83
29.89
29.38
33.72
34.62
31.36
29.61
30.77
30.96
26.56
31.65
26.63
31.63
27.77
34.27
28.68
37.85
30.14
28.42
29.66
29.23
28.20
32.45
35.82
32.47
27.77
30.34
28.13
29.32
32.30
31.96
35.57
31.86
29.75
32.33
* Federal, state, and local
10
50 states and the District of Colombia.) The manufacturing industry in most states is also a major
beneficiary of state import of Mexican avocados. Transportation and warehousing and a large
number of miscellaneous services account for much of the remaining contribution of imports of
Mexican avocados to state economies.
Conclusions and Implications
The primary conclusion from this state-by-state analysis is that imports of avocados from Mexico
have a positive and significant effect on economies of many U.S. states. Specifically, this study
finds the following:
● California and Texas are the largest beneficiaries from the economic activity generated by
imports of Mexican avocados, including 1,359 and 1, 292 jobs created and $168.2 million and
159.0 million in value added generated in the respective states;
● The other top ten beneficiary states in terms of economic activity generated (value-added) by
the imports include (in order): New York, Washington, Florida, Colorado, Arizona, Illinois,
North Carolina, and Oregon; and
● The economic activity generated by Mexican avocado imports was relatively low in 23 states
and the District of Colombia.
On a per dollar of imports basis, however, the impacts among states was more even. The value
added generated for each dollar of imports of Mexican avocados ranged from highs of $1.20 in
California and $1.18 in Florida and Minnesota to low of $0.88 in West Virginia and $0.89 in New
Mexico and Wyoming. The jobs generated per million dollars of Mexican avocado imports
ranged from highs of 11.7 in Utah, 10.9 in Florida, and 10.8 in Missouri and Wisconsin to lows of
5.5 in the District of Colombia, 7.3 in Alaska, 7.9 in Connecticut, and 8.0 in North Dakota.
As with the study of the aggregate, national economic impacts of Mexican avocado imports, the
implication of this study of the state-level impacts is straight forward. Imports of Mexican
avocados are pro-growth for state economies just as they are for the overall U.S. economy. Some
states benefit much more given their larger GDPs and populations and their tendencies towards
cuisines that utilize avocados more intensively. As Mexican avocado imports follow their
projected steep growth path over the years, the measured benefits to individual state economies
will likely grow as well. The cost of any domestic or trade policy that limits imports of avocados
from Mexico will be lost jobs and economic growth across individual states as well as the U.S.
economy as a whole.
11
References
California Avocado Commission (CAC). 2014. “Industry Statistical Data.” Available on-line
at:http://www.californiaavocadogrowers.com/selling/industry-statisticalHass Avocado Board (HAB). 2014. “Regional Composite Data.” Data for years 2009-2012.
Available online at: http://www.hassavocadoboard.com/retail/market-composite-data
IMPLAN Group, LLC., 2013. “What is IMPLAN?” Huntersville, North Carolina. Available
online at: http://implan.com/index.php?option=com_multicategories&view=article&id
=282:what-is-implan&Itemid=71
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2014. “Global Agricultural Trade System (GATS).”
Foreign Agriculture Service, Washington, D.C. Available on-line at:
http://apps.fas.usda.gov/gats/default.aspx
12
APPENDIX
State by State Industry Breakdown of the
Economic Benefits of Mexican Avocado Imports
13
Alabama
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$10,432,800
$239,621
$342,412
$3,652,271
Value-added
$6,708,794
$51,204
$234,258
$2,305,277
Employment
(no. of jobs)
56.3
0.7
3.0
33.7
Labor
Income
$3,758,490
$33,943
$132,779
$1,304,264
Taxes*
$1,568,305
$1,039
$3,279
$126,201
$224,872
$3,427,400
$120,992
$2,184,285
4.1
29.6
$80,481
$1,223,783
$16,527
$109,674
$10,676
$198,937
$14,876,717
$4,076
$110,416
$9,414,026
0.1
0.5
94.2
$2,471
$42,767
$5,274,713
$5
$19,512
$1,718,340
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Alaska
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$6,467,489
$140,569
$158,397
$1,776,709
Value-added
$4,472,241
$37,401
-$1,853
$1,166,148
Employment
(no. of jobs)
29.9
0.2
1.7
12.9
Labor
Income
$1,948,864
$9,555
$148,036
$647,232
Taxes*
$1,828,359
$639
$3,474
$48,941
$100,337
$1,676,372
$60,732
$1,105,416
1.5
11.4
$44,741
$602,491
$2,069
$46,872
$1,261
$165,696
$8,710,120
$539
$117,783
$5,792,258
0.0
0.3
44.9
$606
$31,055
$2,785,349
$156
$33,586
$1,915,154
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Arizona
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$35,118,065
$643,505
$1,379,827
$17,587,496
Value-added
$23,546,096
$165,681
$821,264
$11,412,151
Employment
(no. of jobs)
179.3
2.0
13.7
142.1
Labor
Income
$14,190,127
$100,425
$643,429
$6,561,609
Taxes*
$4,593,963
$3,819
$58,092
$548,421
$974,568
$16,612,928
$563,734
$10,848,417
16.1
126.0
$396,146
$6,165,463
$54,816
$493,605
$57,370
$749,274
$55,535,536
$27,711
$450,186
$36,423,089
0.4
1.8
339.2
$17,457
$161,506
$21,674,553
$72
$80,757
$5,285,124
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Arkansas
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$11,467,736
$228,177
$353,188
$3,639,579
Value-added
$7,828,890
$50,960
$239,271
$2,296,257
Employment
(no. of jobs)
55.2
0.7
3.1
32.5
Labor
Income
$3,807,706
$34,000
$139,007
$1,264,796
Taxes*
$1,762,718
$1,429
$5,090
$123,193
$212,485
$3,427,095
$112,350
$2,183,907
3.9
28.6
$73,864
$1,190,933
$15,684
$107,509
$15,440
$214,515
$15,918,636
$5,316
$115,271
$10,535,965
0.1
0.6
92.2
$3,691
$41,369
$5,290,571
$39
$21,871
$1,914,340
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
California
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$153,663,510
$11,934,334
$6,748,212
$76,914,485
Value-added
$105,681,657
$3,389,631
$4,341,693
$52,823,659
Employment
(no. of jobs)
734.2
21.7
58.6
533.4
Labor
Income
$58,744,784
$1,616,495
$3,336,525
$31,746,131
Taxes*
$26,498,121
$115,816
$186,281
$2,287,748
$3,850,835
$73,063,650
$2,310,665
$50,512,994
60.1
473.3
$1,590,063
$30,156,068
$265,755
$2,021,993
$602,920
$2,907,979
$252,771,441
$272,787
$1,645,382
$168,154,809
3.1
7.7
1,358.6
$200,535
$733,704
$96,378,174
-$3,095
$274,744
$29,359,615
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Colorado
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$36,066,634
$964,150
$1,341,116
$19,307,347
Value-added
$24,199,742
$258,342
$789,057
$12,730,889
Employment
(no. of jobs)
183.9
2.6
12.9
144.6
Labor
Income
$15,453,941
$154,634
$658,566
$7,745,118
Taxes*
$3,435,934
$15,320
$49,547
$547,446
$1,035,267
$18,272,080
$599,736
$12,131,153
17.0
127.6
$421,949
$7,323,168
$62,910
$484,536
$96,587
$761,436
$58,537,271
$39,936
$440,807
$38,458,773
0.6
2.0
346.7
$24,724
$188,353
$24,225,335
-$487
$58,681
$4,106,441
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Connecticutt
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$10,187,927
$103,134
$296,792
$4,279,211
Value-added
$7,399,482
$35,071
$206,936
$3,048,873
Employment
(no. of jobs)
43.2
0.3
2.7
27.7
Labor
Income
$4,221,884
$24,272
$132,558
$1,783,571
Taxes*
$950,841
$1,967
$5,355
$176,749
$200,550
$4,078,661
$119,308
$2,929,565
3.2
24.5
$84,939
$1,698,632
$10,847
$165,902
$2,749
$173,642
$15,043,455
$1,426
$107,521
$10,799,309
0.1
0.4
74.3
$950
$42,025
$6,205,259
-$12
$16,934
$1,151,834
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Delaware
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$3,733,165
$87,093
$108,086
$1,458,273
Value-added
$2,623,245
$16,256
$75,071
$1,008,484
Employment
(no. of jobs)
17.3
0.1
1.0
10.9
Labor
Income
$1,577,893
$5,301
$50,155
$542,915
Taxes*
$453,970
$390
$674
$54,205
$84,761
$1,373,512
$47,081
$961,404
1.5
9.4
$33,233
$509,682
$5,252
$48,952
$2,575
$52,028
$5,441,220
$954
$29,325
$3,753,334
0.0
0.2
29.4
$599
$13,122
$2,189,985
-$9
$3,267
$512,498
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
District of Columbia
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$5,944,765
$3,335
$39,307
$1,490,090
Value-added
$4,369,262
$1,098
$3,820
$1,109,812
Employment
(no. of jobs)
23.0
0.0
0.5
8.8
Labor
Income
$2,881,147
$592
$29,812
$772,512
Taxes*
$822,922
$129
-$1,166
$38,164
$67,475
$1,422,615
$44,907
$1,064,905
0.9
7.9
$32,384
$740,128
$5,755
$32,409
$0
$54,652
$7,532,150
$0
$39,079
$5,523,070
0.0
0.1
32.3
$0
$7,266
$3,691,327
$0
$6,847
$866,896
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Florida
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$45,435,776
$1,169,534
$1,901,980
$24,102,178
Value-added
$30,770,339
$308,965
$1,084,449
$15,566,155
Employment
(no. of jobs)
227.3
3.4
20.1
192.8
Labor
Income
$16,939,931
$189,628
$878,213
$9,184,884
Taxes*
$6,860,059
$18,070
$62,209
$1,130,655
$1,212,213
$22,889,964
$714,046
$14,852,109
19.5
173.3
$490,651
$8,694,232
$91,944
$1,038,711
$91,306
$1,031,837
$73,732,610
$49,688
$650,608
$48,430,204
0.8
2.7
447.0
$28,643
$171,085
$27,392,385
$542
$170,838
$8,242,373
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Georgia
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$25,247,926
$797,631
$1,090,525
$12,413,326
Value-added
$17,265,190
$239,219
$732,859
$8,210,200
Employment
(no. of jobs)
124.4
2.1
8.5
98.8
Labor
Income
$9,963,963
$132,391
$467,025
$4,757,899
Taxes*
$3,021,462
$5,785
$29,670
$384,566
$668,564
$11,744,762
$378,236
$7,831,964
11.3
87.5
$259,285
$4,498,614
$46,362
$338,204
$49,122
$556,452
$40,154,982
$20,062
$284,003
$26,751,533
0.3
1.5
235.6
$17,885
$110,502
$15,449,665
$481
$57,494
$3,499,458
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Hawaii
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$9,257,630
$326,411
$230,775
$3,707,013
Value-added
$5,451,689
$54,790
$107,135
$2,417,166
Employment
(no. of jobs)
56.1
0.5
2.2
28.8
Labor
Income
$3,052,918
$24,698
$132,310
$1,359,223
Taxes*
$1,396,587
$1,619
$9,397
$146,066
$200,068
$3,506,944
$120,069
$2,297,097
3.1
25.7
$91,917
$1,267,306
$5,705
$140,361
$11,729
$197,706
$13,731,264
$5,373
$122,209
$8,158,362
0.2
0.4
88.1
$5,113
$40,061
$4,614,323
-$120
$17,853
$1,571,404
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Idaho
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$7,501,693
$134,190
$194,586
$2,901,182
Value-added
$4,587,749
$27,056
$89,266
$1,748,796
Employment
(no. of jobs)
43.9
0.5
2.6
27.1
Labor
Income
$2,668,215
$20,766
$105,475
$994,883
Taxes*
$975,959
$764
$3,320
$87,896
$161,038
$2,740,144
$82,984
$1,665,812
3.1
24.0
$57,477
$937,406
$8,020
$79,876
$19,295
$137,595
$10,888,541
$8,697
$74,709
$6,536,273
0.1
0.4
74.5
$6,399
$30,444
$3,826,183
-$28
$8,520
$1,076,432
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Illinois
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$33,237,750
$1,526,655
$1,422,131
$16,790,619
Value-added
$23,182,470
$389,758
$922,958
$11,512,047
Employment
(no. of jobs)
155.8
3.1
11.8
119.1
Labor
Income
$13,617,159
$245,966
$626,208
$6,762,960
Taxes*
$3,806,697
$10,402
$39,131
$687,388
$846,257
$15,944,362
$502,647
$11,009,400
13.4
105.7
$335,190
$6,427,770
$77,529
$609,859
$39,132
$645,675
$53,661,962
$16,839
$387,980
$36,412,052
0.2
1.2
291.2
$13,679
$133,574
$21,399,546
-$179
$97,877
$4,641,316
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Indiana
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$14,040,360
$522,657
$560,385
$5,406,937
Value-added
$8,926,029
$150,675
$365,489
$3,511,267
Employment
(no. of jobs)
77.8
1.2
5.3
46.6
Labor
Income
$5,241,336
$77,201
$226,726
$1,938,641
Taxes*
$1,678,179
$2,809
$8,485
$228,914
$338,023
$5,068,914
$176,027
$3,335,241
6.3
40.3
$121,649
$1,816,992
$23,178
$205,736
$19,003
$258,882
$20,808,225
$8,067
$145,652
$13,107,180
0.1
0.7
131.7
$5,227
$58,684
$7,547,815
-$103
$23,181
$1,941,465
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Iowa
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$7,347,147
$168,734
$249,751
$2,744,613
Value-added
$4,692,601
$44,052
$161,620
$1,733,571
Employment
(no. of jobs)
40.5
0.5
2.5
23.4
Labor
Income
$2,755,537
$27,948
$109,882
$943,928
Taxes*
$870,499
$871
$3,311
$114,649
$144,146
$2,600,467
$71,644
$1,661,927
2.8
20.6
$49,642
$894,285
$7,655
$106,994
$17,394
$127,196
$10,654,834
$6,716
$73,119
$6,711,679
0.1
0.3
67.3
$4,531
$27,918
$3,869,744
-$63
$10,431
$999,697
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Kansas
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$6,703,756
$145,709
$244,405
$2,550,644
Value-added
$4,432,325
$38,811
$166,578
$1,626,836
Employment
(no. of jobs)
34.7
0.5
2.2
21.5
Labor
Income
$2,569,000
$26,148
$104,591
$917,305
Taxes*
$664,462
$1,121
$4,474
$95,651
$152,891
$2,397,753
$84,025
$1,542,811
2.7
18.8
$56,452
$860,853
$10,033
$85,618
$11,819
$125,164
$9,781,497
$3,711
$67,144
$6,335,405
0.1
0.3
59.2
$3,219
$25,520
$3,645,783
-$76
$11,314
$776,947
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Kentucky
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$9,862,605
$313,150
$376,233
$3,383,491
Value-added
$6,568,133
$81,616
$261,140
$2,125,612
Employment
(no. of jobs)
50.2
0.7
3.3
30.6
Labor
Income
$3,338,544
$41,159
$177,095
$1,236,472
Taxes*
$1,529,631
$7,141
$3,520
$123,658
$209,677
$3,173,814
$113,799
$2,011,813
3.7
26.9
$77,556
$1,158,916
$13,778
$109,879
$11,723
$166,384
$14,113,586
$4,583
$92,156
$9,133,240
0.2
0.5
85.5
$2,963
$32,294
$4,828,528
-$74
$11,956
$1,675,832
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Louisiana
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$25,626,058
$1,003,608
$1,008,594
$9,299,394
Value-added
$16,933,342
$297,687
$697,517
$5,843,889
Employment
(no. of jobs)
132.1
1.3
7.9
83.8
Labor
Income
$9,504,576
$76,454
$424,115
$3,449,084
Taxes*
$3,942,873
$3,407
$16,385
$339,168
$579,600
$8,719,794
$320,895
$5,522,994
10.1
73.7
$225,489
$3,223,595
$33,031
$306,137
$32,518
$582,900
$37,553,072
$13,908
$378,880
$24,165,223
0.3
1.4
226.7
$9,673
$113,663
$13,577,564
$333
$34,222
$4,336,387
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Maine
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$2,395,279
$38,719
$74,119
$1,003,354
Value-added
$1,531,442
$9,058
$38,200
$632,303
Employment
(no. of jobs)
13.2
0.1
1.0
8.8
Labor
Income
$843,016
$6,330
$44,898
$367,775
Taxes*
$419,940
$979
$1,596
$42,468
$56,498
$946,855
$31,845
$600,457
1.0
7.8
$21,902
$345,873
$4,139
$38,329
$2,842
$42,504
$3,556,817
$1,414
$25,274
$2,237,690
0.0
0.1
23.3
$1,089
$7,964
$1,271,073
-$14
$3,429
$468,397
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Maryland
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$18,163,373
$328,002
$691,342
$7,826,151
Value-added
$12,406,888
$80,371
$455,947
$5,244,365
Employment
(no. of jobs)
88.0
0.8
6.5
57.8
Labor
Income
$7,216,229
$53,427
$324,336
$3,151,640
Taxes*
$2,886,279
$3,427
$13,950
$263,002
$398,510
$7,427,641
$236,217
$5,008,148
6.4
51.4
$161,064
$2,990,576
$29,792
$233,210
$13,743
$352,572
$27,375,182
$5,962
$224,694
$18,418,227
0.1
0.8
154.0
$3,888
$82,390
$10,831,909
$130
$35,498
$3,202,287
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Massachusetts
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$18,085,220
$412,223
$490,228
$9,017,393
Value-added
$12,472,590
$121,509
$257,792
$6,235,582
Employment
(no. of jobs)
86.8
1.2
5.9
61.3
Labor
Income
$8,289,224
$87,543
$316,487
$3,882,942
Taxes*
$1,860,462
$3,099
$11,663
$280,819
$474,552
$8,542,841
$281,869
$5,953,713
7.5
53.8
$201,226
$3,681,716
$31,564
$249,255
$6,782
$326,286
$28,338,132
$3,707
$186,534
$19,277,714
0.1
0.8
156.1
$2,214
$80,026
$12,658,436
$30
$13,322
$2,169,395
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Michigan
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$19,008,337
$658,580
$699,355
$8,577,116
Value-added
$12,830,875
$145,348
$448,000
$5,568,292
Employment
(no. of jobs)
95.5
1.5
6.1
71.3
Labor
Income
$7,337,529
$95,970
$314,417
$3,226,016
Taxes*
$2,249,402
$4,422
$17,673
$351,071
$450,976
$8,126,140
$236,181
$5,332,111
8.4
62.9
$163,876
$3,062,141
$29,358
$321,713
$35,075
$439,536
$29,417,999
$16,360
$237,514
$19,246,388
0.3
1.2
175.8
$15,222
$98,555
$11,087,709
$107
$42,013
$2,664,688
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Minnesota
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$14,463,215
$833,774
$562,926
$7,385,336
Value-added
$9,763,581
$221,345
$358,960
$4,963,118
Employment
(no. of jobs)
73.3
1.9
4.7
55.2
Labor
Income
$6,227,566
$125,882
$228,681
$2,787,511
Taxes*
$1,448,256
$4,070
$14,511
$300,258
$360,670
$7,024,666
$199,604
$4,763,514
6.3
48.9
$129,412
$2,658,100
$35,869
$264,389
$49,277
$334,849
$23,629,377
$20,327
$177,085
$15,504,417
0.2
0.9
136.1
$14,762
$76,634
$9,461,036
-$227
$26,422
$1,793,289
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Mississippi
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$5,737,011
$142,201
$203,144
$1,814,715
Value-added
$3,629,429
$31,287
$134,019
$1,126,767
Employment
(no. of jobs)
31.6
0.3
1.9
17.1
Labor
Income
$1,911,684
$15,489
$80,897
$611,800
Taxes*
$1,009,854
$749
$3,289
$81,774
$116,234
$1,698,481
$61,245
$1,065,522
2.2
14.9
$41,686
$570,114
$7,917
$73,857
$9,651
$110,442
$8,017,164
$3,817
$61,351
$4,986,669
0.1
0.3
51.3
$2,859
$21,954
$2,644,683
$43
$7,767
$1,103,476
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Missouri
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$12,619,160
$354,305
$493,830
$5,972,697
Value-added
$8,145,716
$96,908
$311,698
$3,846,111
Employment
(no. of jobs)
68.7
1.0
4.8
48.8
Labor
Income
$4,952,259
$57,767
$218,826
$2,352,730
Taxes*
$1,217,076
$5,352
$11,174
$201,358
$323,242
$5,649,455
$170,755
$3,675,357
6.0
42.8
$123,926
$2,228,804
$15,039
$186,319
$19,767
$276,933
$19,736,692
$7,378
$147,163
$12,554,975
0.2
0.8
124.3
$5,659
$61,021
$7,648,262
-$71
$20,813
$1,455,702
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Montana
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$5,211,624
$73,383
$179,856
$1,957,557
Value-added
$3,252,876
$11,515
$109,504
$1,175,716
Employment
(no. of jobs)
29.6
0.2
1.7
18.9
Labor
Income
$1,777,494
$9,237
$74,237
$666,017
Taxes*
$865,801
$653
$4,697
$61,703
$121,963
$1,835,594
$62,009
$1,113,707
2.3
16.6
$46,309
$619,708
$2,009
$59,694
$8,456
$116,469
$7,547,345
$3,832
$59,513
$4,612,955
0.1
0.3
50.9
$2,246
$27,014
$2,556,245
$4
$9,832
$942,691
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Nebraska
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$4,826,778
$93,167
$167,751
$2,077,510
Value-added
$3,049,484
$22,584
$108,705
$1,305,530
Employment
(no. of jobs)
27.0
0.3
1.6
17.1
Labor
Income
$1,770,417
$16,434
$72,475
$758,733
Taxes*
$540,655
$437
$2,676
$64,306
$105,288
$1,972,221
$54,090
$1,251,440
2.0
15.1
$36,686
$722,047
$6,498
$57,809
$13,083
$50,595
$7,228,883
$4,409
$27,672
$4,518,384
0.0
0.2
46.3
$3,727
$15,142
$2,636,928
-$85
$2,331
$610,320
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Nevada
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$17,222,949
$173,804
$578,154
$6,832,670
Value-added
$11,284,348
$50,079
$253,037
$4,589,098
Employment
(no. of jobs)
90.0
0.7
6.9
53.5
Labor
Income
$6,512,994
$35,761
$371,256
$2,493,866
Taxes*
$2,865,112
$1,212
$23,290
$281,216
$417,994
$6,414,676
$268,146
$4,320,952
5.9
47.6
$194,128
$2,299,738
$36,133
$245,083
$7,435
$278,690
$25,093,702
$3,490
$163,303
$16,343,355
0.0
0.7
151.6
$2,012
$60,810
$9,476,698
-$55
$22,924
$3,193,698
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
New Hampshire
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$2,921,385
$40,930
$65,954
$1,311,119
Value-added
$1,940,076
$11,423
$25,833
$876,940
Employment
(no. of jobs)
15.4
0.1
1.0
10.0
Labor
Income
$1,313,790
$8,117
$43,971
$493,966
Taxes*
$265,417
$779
$1,555
$54,969
$74,939
$1,236,180
$41,978
$834,962
1.3
8.7
$31,310
$462,656
$2,591
$52,378
$1,125
$59,630
$4,400,143
$535
$35,472
$2,890,278
0.0
0.2
26.7
$545
$13,345
$1,873,733
-$1
$6,001
$328,720
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
New Jersey
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$22,762,415
$709,420
$876,585
$10,372,014
Value-added
$16,251,983
$151,524
$615,912
$7,238,678
Employment
(no. of jobs)
100.5
1.2
6.7
70.2
Labor
Income
$9,608,173
$106,442
$365,965
$4,266,928
Taxes*
$3,012,801
$6,872
$21,658
$431,911
$426,266
$9,945,748
$244,049
$6,994,629
7.1
63.1
$184,091
$4,082,837
$10,168
$421,743
$8,817
$412,637
$35,141,887
$5,396
$261,014
$24,524,507
0.1
0.9
179.6
$2,916
$101,087
$14,451,510
$77
$46,002
$3,519,322
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
New Mexico
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$10,259,197
$104,018
$318,760
$3,578,024
Value-added
$6,053,472
$18,481
$187,679
$2,237,059
Employment
(no. of jobs)
62.5
0.4
3.4
31.8
Labor
Income
$3,394,064
$14,187
$160,927
$1,245,289
Taxes*
$1,583,559
$434
$6,764
$151,655
$229,630
$3,348,394
$126,945
$2,110,114
4.0
27.8
$89,762
$1,155,527
$11,953
$139,703
$11,780
$178,667
$14,450,446
$5,709
$91,112
$8,593,512
0.1
0.5
98.7
$8,377
$36,870
$4,859,713
-$78
$13,053
$1,755,388
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
New York
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$53,472,904
$1,087,720
$1,442,513
$23,019,564
Value-added
$38,066,010
$340,695
$837,705
$16,566,256
Employment
(no. of jobs)
234.5
2.7
15.0
145.3
Labor
Income
$21,142,820
$185,484
$771,688
$10,119,439
Taxes*
$9,158,467
$52,503
$37,555
$880,789
$1,110,887
$21,908,677
$704,507
$15,861,748
15.9
129.4
$463,395
$9,656,044
$115,054
$765,735
$52,765
$984,932
$80,060,398
$24,832
$587,274
$56,422,771
0.5
2.2
400.1
$23,041
$235,251
$32,477,723
-$76
$110,306
$10,239,545
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
North Carolina
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$26,442,878
$970,784
$1,073,788
$12,043,886
Value-added
$17,060,312
$337,880
$674,442
$7,908,716
Employment
(no. of jobs)
143.8
2.5
10.5
100.2
Labor
Income
$10,317,079
$143,439
$464,346
$4,410,032
Taxes*
$3,359,660
$35,783
$26,992
$431,523
$674,152
$11,369,735
$359,341
$7,549,376
12.3
87.9
$256,749
$4,153,283
$32,914
$398,608
$57,653
$516,715
$41,105,705
$25,650
$305,301
$26,312,301
0.4
1.4
258.8
$17,560
$101,722
$15,454,178
$80
$54,601
$3,908,639
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
North Dakota
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$2,202,782
$19,193
$50,526
$613,911
Value-added
$1,497,237
$4,374
$34,793
$385,495
Employment
(no. of jobs)
10.7
0.1
0.4
5.1
Labor
Income
$819,139
$3,170
$18,810
$203,998
Taxes*
$324,069
$59
$697
$19,892
$38,622
$575,289
$20,331
$365,165
0.7
4.4
$13,757
$190,241
$2,458
$17,435
$2,926
$33,006
$2,922,343
$1,180
$15,968
$1,939,047
0.0
0.1
16.3
$1,292
$7,930
$1,054,339
-$21
$1,496
$346,193
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Ohio
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$24,375,472
$984,654
$1,058,420
$11,563,009
Value-added
$16,011,276
$258,783
$697,808
$7,504,687
Employment
(no. of jobs)
128.9
2.4
9.4
96.0
Labor
Income
$9,396,360
$148,908
$440,555
$4,412,974
Taxes*
$2,876,187
$9,406
$20,680
$418,244
$634,584
$10,928,425
$337,088
$7,167,599
11.6
84.3
$236,728
$4,176,245
$31,194
$387,051
$33,299
$511,771
$38,526,625
$14,512
$283,537
$24,770,603
0.3
1.4
238.3
$11,899
$110,343
$14,521,039
-$169
$52,252
$3,376,600
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Oklahoma
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$16,970,003
$379,527
$593,540
$6,591,290
Value-added
$11,049,890
$90,120
$413,363
$4,130,236
Employment
(no. of jobs)
89.5
0.9
4.2
57.4
Labor
Income
$5,912,708
$50,576
$202,541
$2,417,718
Taxes*
$2,465,079
$1,760
$8,086
$212,577
$380,680
$6,210,610
$209,013
$3,921,223
6.7
50.7
$144,979
$2,272,739
$17,696
$194,881
$18,470
$380,547
$24,933,377
$7,469
$191,865
$15,882,943
0.2
1.0
153.2
$5,244
$86,144
$8,674,931
-$48
$20,025
$2,707,479
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Oregon
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$25,932,149
$864,487
$1,069,057
$11,945,290
Value-added
$17,281,018
$214,448
$675,841
$7,696,465
Employment
(no. of jobs)
134.3
2.7
9.5
98.9
Labor
Income
$10,894,412
$144,807
$461,194
$4,445,623
Taxes*
$2,407,683
$8,355
$34,253
$303,515
$665,854
$11,279,436
$363,582
$7,332,883
11.8
87.0
$273,928
$4,171,695
$10,493
$293,022
$70,721
$461,216
$40,342,920
$33,640
$250,247
$26,151,658
0.9
1.4
247.6
$21,359
$108,817
$16,076,212
$272
$32,314
$2,786,392
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Pennsylvania
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$26,931,454
$1,132,085
$1,077,931
$12,671,763
Value-added
$18,192,981
$264,817
$669,864
$8,478,735
Employment
(no. of jobs)
135.6
2.4
10.9
95.9
Labor
Income
$10,820,170
$156,146
$532,480
$5,077,518
Taxes*
$3,492,714
$4,767
$16,528
$522,060
$618,993
$12,052,770
$336,399
$8,142,337
11.0
84.9
$242,467
$4,835,051
$29,992
$492,068
$39,224
$617,379
$42,469,836
$17,136
$379,224
$28,002,756
0.4
1.5
246.7
$13,607
$137,500
$16,737,420
-$88
$56,955
$4,092,937
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Rhode Island
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$2,266,169
$17,924
$54,749
$999,357
Value-added
$1,520,457
$4,819
$27,578
$678,439
Employment
(no. of jobs)
11.3
0.1
0.8
7.5
Labor
Income
$894,813
$4,197
$38,101
$378,979
Taxes*
$390,680
$200
$1,627
$43,210
$57,268
$942,090
$32,535
$645,904
1.0
6.5
$22,520
$356,459
$4,661
$38,550
$306
$34,380
$3,372,885
$168
$3,013
$2,234,474
0.0
0.1
19.8
$78
$7,399
$1,323,567
-$1
$3,694
$439,410
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
South Carolina
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$10,070,862
$208,058
$340,144
$3,655,629
Value-added
$6,621,055
$51,359
$205,551
$2,284,523
Employment
(no. of jobs)
52.8
0.6
3.8
35.8
Labor
Income
$3,561,620
$33,312
$166,458
$1,352,164
Taxes*
$1,794,233
$1,723
$5,123
$139,420
$237,213
$3,418,417
$128,143
$2,156,380
4.3
31.5
$89,987
$1,262,177
$13,592
$125,828
$11,331
$189,185
$14,475,210
$5,060
$105,409
$9,272,957
0.1
0.5
93.6
$2,631
$39,003
$5,155,187
$151
$17,171
$1,957,821
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
South Dakota
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$2,048,692
$35,032
$52,682
$708,358
Value-added
$1,320,829
$8,788
$30,063
$433,845
Employment
(no. of jobs)
11.0
0.2
0.6
6.2
Labor
Income
$711,595
$8,764
$23,972
$235,690
Taxes*
$291,883
$248
$675
$26,771
$40,510
$667,848
$19,971
$413,874
0.8
5.4
$13,887
$221,803
$2,169
$24,602
$4,070
$37,224
$2,886,058
$1,485
$19,245
$1,814,254
0.0
0.1
18.0
$1,685
$7,517
$989,223
-$3
$3,084
$322,659
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Tennessee
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$16,067,611
$505,147
$660,549
$7,235,472
Value-added
$10,674,339
$138,880
$451,431
$4,757,163
Employment
(no. of jobs)
82.9
1.3
5.5
57.7
Labor
Income
$5,926,565
$74,486
$311,528
$2,818,235
Taxes*
$2,296,548
$4,251
$11,316
$295,264
$407,473
$6,827,999
$229,221
$4,527,943
7.0
50.7
$154,065
$2,664,169
$30,693
$264,571
$17,166
$172,276
$24,658,221
$6,852
$90,425
$16,119,090
0.3
0.7
148.3
$3,358
$42,472
$9,176,644
-$28
$10,379
$2,617,730
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Texas
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$149,599,187
$8,241,987
$6,249,243
$67,417,324
Value-added
$105,375,705
$2,167,263
$4,238,837
$44,419,738
Employment
(no. of jobs)
688.5
14.8
45.8
529.3
Labor
Income
$60,450,418
$969,596
$2,278,443
$26,036,856
Taxes*
$16,665,518
$54,566
$151,702
$2,865,129
$3,739,034
$63,678,290
$2,164,710
$42,255,027
61.5
467.8
$1,420,180
$24,616,676
$328,969
$2,536,160
$353,522
$4,179,181
$236,040,444
$129,231
$2,673,333
$159,004,107
3.6
10.0
1,291.8
$100,110
$1,106,881
$90,942,304
$331
$393,362
$20,130,607
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Utah
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$17,116,756
$770,496
$764,035
$8,513,314
Value-added
$10,790,467
$184,131
$461,918
$5,273,066
Employment
(no. of jobs)
96.6
2.1
7.5
73.9
Labor
Income
$6,526,582
$108,677
$371,647
$2,991,509
Taxes*
$2,140,807
$3,333
$25,396
$255,094
$431,061
$8,082,252
$230,960
$5,042,105
7.8
66.0
$163,445
$2,828,064
$23,282
$231,812
$30,216
$332,209
$27,527,027
$13,444
$175,212
$16,898,236
0.3
1.0
181.4
$4,811
$81,433
$10,084,659
-$53
$28,764
$2,453,342
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Vermont
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$1,198,162
$14,777
$29,192
$436,641
Value-added
$749,746
$3,006
$14,130
$273,487
Employment
(no. of jobs)
6.7
0.1
0.4
4.0
Labor
Income
$428,912
$2,546
$19,001
$153,807
Taxes*
$206,100
$119
$514
$19,800
$25,343
$411,298
$13,981
$259,506
0.4
3.5
$10,216
$143,591
$1,347
$18,452
$1,565
$23,163
$1,703,499
$716
$12,076
$1,053,161
0.0
0.1
11.3
$1,008
$5,446
$610,719
-$5
$2,236
$228,763
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Virginia
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$25,549,422
$553,460
$987,331
$11,409,411
Value-added
$17,154,733
$189,713
$655,912
$7,751,822
Employment
(no. of jobs)
128.9
1.5
8.9
82.5
Labor
Income
$10,207,527
$84,537
$401,754
$4,492,229
Taxes*
$3,530,691
$26,768
$28,226
$382,931
$577,236
$10,832,175
$322,625
$7,429,197
10.0
72.6
$228,908
$4,263,322
$32,381
$350,550
$25,794
$475,593
$39,001,011
$11,621
$285,370
$26,049,170
0.3
1.3
223.4
$6,249
$102,146
$15,294,442
$401
$50,777
$4,019,795
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Washington
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$48,932,962
$2,367,503
$1,863,358
$20,760,374
Value-added
$33,882,108
$641,307
$1,226,339
$13,945,301
Employment
(no. of jobs)
229.0
4.1
15.1
148.9
Labor
Income
$18,507,127
$258,769
$840,962
$7,919,684
Taxes*
$8,880,939
$14,847
$67,493
$996,785
$1,132,371
$19,628,004
$700,157
$13,245,144
16.9
132.0
$439,790
$7,479,894
$120,897
$875,888
$106,646
$645,949
$74,676,793
$50,065
$393,450
$50,138,571
0.9
1.9
400.0
$45,020
$142,670
$27,714,232
-$110
$92,401
$10,052,357
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
West Virginia
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$3,906,650
$34,602
$99,844
$1,090,966
Value-added
$2,465,358
$7,212
$65,343
$682,835
Employment
(no. of jobs)
21.5
0.1
0.9
10.0
Labor
Income
$1,283,696
$5,163
$40,724
$394,575
Taxes*
$719,989
$112
$1,289
$38,180
$70,514
$1,020,452
$36,847
$645,988
1.3
8.6
$25,434
$369,141
$4,813
$33,367
$1,448
$60,858
$5,194,369
$625
$32,358
$3,253,730
0.1
0.2
32.7
$371
$12,645
$1,737,175
-$4
$5,631
$765,196
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Wisconsin
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$12,452,558
$577,217
$454,032
$5,642,246
Value-added
$7,943,641
$162,938
$283,380
$3,635,770
Employment
(no. of jobs)
69.2
1.8
4.6
46.6
Labor
Income
$4,858,006
$115,053
$220,537
$2,052,592
Taxes*
$1,456,428
$3,251
$7,545
$234,155
$303,183
$5,339,064
$154,903
$3,480,868
5.8
40.8
$107,408
$1,945,185
$16,171
$217,984
$35,458
$270,111
$19,431,621
$15,966
$162,761
$12,204,457
0.3
0.7
123.1
$14,763
$60,507
$7,321,458
-$156
$23,787
$1,725,009
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding
Wyoming
Industry
Wholesale/Retail
Manufacturing
Transportation & Warehousing
Services**
- Food & accommodation
- Other
Agriculture
Other
Total**
* Indirect Business Taxes
Output
$4,845,607
$29,456
$125,398
$1,127,227
Value-added
$3,262,991
$4,489
$81,598
$702,497
Employment
(no. of jobs)
23.5
0.1
1.1
10.1
Labor
Income
$1,626,351
$3,454
$53,401
$369,194
Taxes*
$952,593
$234
$2,721
$42,289
$77,082
$1,050,145
$41,615
$660,881
1.4
8.7
$29,748
$339,446
$3,521
$38,768
$1,989
$74,242
$6,203,919
$1,085
$42,456
$4,095,116
0.0
0.2
35.0
$661
$15,877
$2,068,937
$97
$7,368
$1,005,302
** Services (Total) and Total may not add due to rounding