UNIT 1: PEACE AND WAR: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1900-39
SECTION 1: Why did war break out? International Rivalry 1900-1914
Background: Europe and the world in 1900
1. The Alliance System
Formation of the Triple Alliance 1882
Formation of the Triple Entente 1907
How did this make war more likely?
2. Colonial Rivalry (imperialism)
Key features of Morocco Crisis 1905
Key features of Morocco Crisis (Agadir) 1911
3. Arms Race (militarism)
Key features
How did this make war more likely?
4. Economic rivalry
How did Germany threaten Britain’s supremacy?
5. The Balkans (nationalism)
Importance of the region
Bosnia crisis 1908
Why?
Key features
Why did it increase tension?
Balkan wars 1912-13
Why?
Key features
Why did they increase tension?
6. Short term causes
Assassination in Sarajevo 28 th June 1914
Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum
Declarations of war
SECTION 2: The Peace Settlement 1918-1928
Background: the armistice 11 th November 1918
The Big Three and their attitudes
1. The Treaty of Versailles
Territorial terms
Military terms
Article 231 and reparations
League of Nations
Germany’s attitude

2. Other treaties
Treaty of St. Germain: Austria
Treaty of Neuilly: Bulgaria
Treaty of Trianon: Hungary
Treaty of Sevres: Turkey 1920
3. Why was Versailles revised to 1928?
Treaty of Lausanne: Turkey 1923
Reparations: Ruhr crisis 1923
Hyperinflation
Dawes Plan 1924
Stresemann: Locarno Pact 1925
League of Nations 1926
Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
4. The League of Nations
What was it?
Aims
Who joined?
Structure of the League
Commissions
Successes in 1920s
Why was the League not completely successful in 1920s
SECTION 3: Why did war break out? International Rivalry 1929-1939
Background: Wall Street Crash 1929
1. Why could the League of Nations not stop World War 2?
Japan and Manchuria Crisis
Why?
Key features
Why could League not stop Japan?
Italy and Abyssinia
Why?
Key features
Why could League not stop Italy?
2. How far was responsible for World War 2? (1933-36)
Hitler’s aims
1933 Rearmament
1934 attempt at Anschluss
1935 Luftwaffe and conscription
1935 Saar returned to Germany
1936 re-occupation of the Rhineland
Alliances: 1936 Rome-Berlin Axis
1937 Anti-Comintern pact
1939 Pact of Steel
3. How far was Appeasement responsible for World War 2?
1938 Mar. Anschluss
1938 Sept. Munich crisis (Sudetenland)
1939 Mar. invasion of Czechoslovakia
1939 Aug. Nazi-Soviet pact