Skeletal System Flashcards
1. Name the 4 SKELETAL SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS
2. What do all types of cartilage have in
common?
3. Name the spaces that Chrondrocytes are
within
4. Name the 3 types of cartilage

Where in the body is each type found?
5. Which cartilage has many elastin fibers?
6. What is an immature cartilage cell called?
7. What is a mature cartilage cell called?
8. How does fibrocartilage differ from other
cartilage?
9. How does cartilage grow?
10. What gives bone flexibility?
11. What gives bone strength?
12. Name the 3 bone cells and their function
13. What is bone’s Extracellular matrix made
up of?
14. What is calcification?
15. What is ossification?
1. Structural support to the body
2. Protection of various regions of the
body
3. Mineral storage, especially calcium
4. Formation of blood cells in the marrow
A. Dense Extracellular matrix
B. Avascular
C. CHONDROCYTES within spaces
called LACUNAE
D. Surrounded by dense irregular fibrous
connective tissue called
PERICHONDRIUM.
LACUNAE
1. Hyaline Cartilage: joints
2. Elastic Cartilage: ear
3. Fibrocartilage: vertebral discs
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
An immature cartilage cell is called a
chondroblast
A mature cartilage cell is called a chondrocyte
Fibrocartilage has more collagen fibers than other
cartilages
Appositional = (growth in diameter)
1. Increased activity of the chondroblasts
2. extracellular matrix is added on the
sides.
Interstitial = (growth in length)
1. Increased activity of the chondrocytes
2. Extracellular matrix is added between the
cells
Collagen fibers
Minerals
Osteoblasts: lay down new bone
Osteocytes: mature bone cell; found in lacunae
Osteoclasts: break down bone; take the calcium
out of the bone and put it into the blood,
especially when blood calcium levels are too
low.
Mineral salts with lots of phosphate.
The deposit of calcium salts within a tissue.
the process of laying down new bone by
osteoblasts. It occurs in bone, cartilage or
fibrous connective tissue.
Skeletal System Flashcards
16. What is osteogenesis?
17. What is osteolysis?
18. What is the functional unit of Compact
bone?
19. What is the end of the long bone called?
20. What is the shaft of a long bone called?
21. What is in the center of the bone?
22. What is the MEDULLARY (“middle”)
CANAL filled with?
23. what is the function of yellow marrow?
24. Where does RBC production take place?
25. What is the name of the growth plate in
children, and what is this structure called in
adults?
26. What tissue surrounds the whole bone, and
what is its function?
27. Where are bone marrow transplants taken
from?
28. What is a SESAMOID BONE?
29. What is the name of the process of bone
growth?
30. What is endochondral ossification?
31. What processes occur during endochondral
ossification?
32.
What are the two types of endochondral
ossification (where cartilage turns into
bone, as in a fetus)?
33. Where does primary ossification occur?
34. Where does secondary ossification occur?
35. What is INTRAMEMBRANOUS
OSSIFICATION, and
 where does it occur?
36. What is BONE REMODELING, and how
does it occur?
new bone growth
destruction on bone by osteoclasts
OSTEON.
proximal and distal EPIPHYSIS (where
spongy bone is)
DIAPHYSIS
MEDULLARY CANAL
 yellow marrow (adipose tissue)
 function is to store fat.
 Red marrow (spongy bone)
Children: epiphyseal plate
Adults: epiphyseal line
PERIOSTEUM: serves as the attachment site
for tendons and ligaments

Flat bones (sternum), but also the iliac
crest and vertebrae bodies
a specialized short bone that occurs within a
tendon, such as the patella (kneecap).

Ossification
When the hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone.
(Common in long bones). This process begins
in fetal development when the skeleton is
hyaline cartilage.
1) Osteoblasts differentiate within hyaline
cartilage
2) Osteoblasts lay down the organic
component of the matrix
3) Blood vessels enter the nutrient foramen to
supply the growing tissues
4) The bone grows in length
- Primary Ossification
- Secondary Ossification
In the diaphysis
In the epiphysis
 Fibrous connective tissue (dense regular ct)
turns into bone.
 Occurs in the skull bones
Change in shape and size in bone with time;
due to forces. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are
sensitive to pressure. Increase pressure,
osteoblasts increases bone. No pressure,
Skeletal System Flashcards
37. What does exercise do to bone?
38. What happens if you don’t have enough
calcium in the blood?
39. What is osteoporosis?
40. What causes OSTEOPOROSIS?
41. What’s the best way to prevent
osteoporosis?
42. What is the most common bone used for a
bone graft?
43. What are the stages of healing after a
BONE FRACTURE?
44. Which type of cell divides readily after
a bone is damaged?
45. What is the function of an
osteoprogenitor cell?
46. What is a lateral curve in the spine?
47. What is a hunchback curve?
48. What is a swayback in the lower
region?
49. What is severe arthritis in the spine,
causing the vertebrae to fuse?
osteoclast decreases bone
Exercise increases bone.
The body’s calcium needs will come out of the
bone by an increase in osteoclast activity. The
osteoclasts will dissolve some bone material
and release it into the blood.
Osteoporosis is a condition where there is less
mineralization in the extracellular matrix.
Caused by increased activity of osteoclasts
(more so than osteoblasts).The spongy bone is
affected more than compact bone.
 Prevent it by exercise!
the iliac bone of the hip.
Bleeding, then hematoma (blood clot)
Then a fibrocartilage callus forms
Then a bony callus forms.
Osteoclasts then finish remodeling the bone.
osteoprogenitor cell
Produce new osteoblasts
SCOLIOSIS
KYPHOSIS
LORDOSIS
ANKYLOSIS