Statistical release
P0211
Quarterly Labour Force Survey
Quarter 4, 2014
Embargoed until:
10 February 2015
11:30
Enquiries:
User Information Services
Tel: 012 310 8600/4892/8390
Forth coming issue:
Quarter 1, 2015
Expected release date
May 2015
Statistics South Africa
ii
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Contents
Page
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... v
2. Highlights of the results ........................................................................................................................ v
3. Employment......................................................................................................................................... vi
3.1 Conditions of employment for employees .......................................................................................... xi
4. Unemployment ................................................................................................................................... xii
5. Job tenure in South Africa.................................................................................................................. xiv
5.1 Trends in median monthly job tenure 2008–2014 ............................................................................ xiv
5.2 Job tenure by demographic characteristics ....................................................................................... xv
5.3 Median monthly tenure by industry, occupation and sector ............................................................. xvii
6. Summary labour market measures at a glance, Q4: 2014 ................................................................. xix
7. Other labour market trends ................................................................................................................. xx
7.1 Year-on-year changes ...................................................................................................................... xx
7.2 Trends in unemployment rate by sex ............................................................................................... xxi
8. Comparison of the QLFS and the QES .............................................................................................. xxi
9. Technical notes ................................................................................................................................ xxii
9.1 Response details ............................................................................................................................ xxii
9.2 Survey requirements and design .................................................................................................... xxii
9.3 Sample rotation .............................................................................................................................. xxii
9.4 Weighting ....................................................................................................................................... xxii
9.5 Non-response adjustment ............................................................................................................... xxiii
9.6 Final survey weights ....................................................................................................................... xxiii
9.7 Estimation ....................................................................................................................................... xxiii
9.8 Reliability of the survey estimates ................................................................................................... xxiii
10. Definitions ...................................................................................................................................... xxiv
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
Statistics South Africa
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Appendix 1
Table 1: Population of working age (15–64 years) ....................................................................................1
Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex – All population groups ........................................................2
Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group .....................................................................4
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by age group................................................................................6
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province ..................................................................................8
Table 2.4: Labour force characteristics by sex – Expanded definition of unemployment ......................... 13
Table 2.5: Labour force characteristics by population group – Expanded definition of unemployment .... 15
Table 2.6: Labour force characteristics by age group – Expanded definition of unemployment............... 17
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province – Expanded definition of unemployment ................. 19
Table 3.1: Employed by industry and sex – South Africa ........................................................................ 23
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province........................................................................................ 24
Table 3.3: Employed by sector and industry – South Africa .................................................................... 28
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector .......................................................................................... 29
Table 3.5: Employed by sex and occupation – South Africa.................................................................... 31
Table 3.6: Employed by sex and status in employment – South Africa ................................................... 32
Table 3.7: Employed by sex and usual hours of work – South Africa ...................................................... 33
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa .............................................................................. 34
Table 3.9: Time-related underemployment – South Africa ...................................................................... 40
Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed – South Africa ..................................................................... 41
Table 5: Characteristics of the not economically active – South Africa .................................................... 43
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics – South Africa .................................................................... 44
Table 7: Profile of those not in education and not in employment – South Africa .................................... 48
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province .............................. 49
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
Statistics South Africa
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Appendix 2
Appendix 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex ............................................... 53
Appendix 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group ........................ 55
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province ..................................... 57
Appendix 3.1A: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex ............................................. 61
Appendix 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector ........................................ 62
Appendix 3.5A: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation ........................................ 64
Appendix 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex ............................................... 65
Appendix 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group ........................ 67
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province ..................................... 69
Appendix 3.1B: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex ............................................. 73
Appendix 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector ........................................ 74
Appendix 3.5B: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation ........................................ 76
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
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Statistics South Africa
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1. Introduction
The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) is a household-based sample survey conducted by Statistics South Africa
(Stats SA). It collects data on the labour market activities of individuals aged 15 years and above who live in South
Africa. However, this report only covers labour market activities of persons aged 15 to 64 years.
This report presents the key findings of the QLFS conducted from October to December 2014 (Q4: 2014).
2. Highlights of the results
Table A: Key labour market indicators
Oct-Dec
2013
Year-onyear
change
Population aged 15–64 yrs
35 022
35 489
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
20 007
15 177
10 773
2 446
713
1 244
20 268
15 117
10 843
2 407
686
1 180
20 228
15 320
10 911
2 448
742
1 219
-39
203
68
41
56
38
221
143
138
2
28
-26
-0,2
1,3
0,6
1,7
8,2
3,2
1,1
0,9
1,3
0,1
4,0
-2,1
4 830
5 151
4 909
-242
79
-4,7
1,6
15 015
2 200
12 815
15 221
2 514
12 707
15 415
2 403
13 012
194
-111
305
400
203
198
1,3
-4,4
2,4
2,7
9,2
1,5
24,1
25,4
24,3
-1,1
0,2
43,3
57,1
42,6
57,1
43,0
56,8
0,4
-0,3
-0,3
-0,3
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employment/population ratio
(absorption rate)
Labour force participation rate
Qtr-to-qtr
change
155
622
Year-onQtr-to-qtr
year
change
change
Per cent
0,4
1,8
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
35 643
Unemployed
Jul-Sep
2014
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Between Q3: 2014 and Q4: 2014, the number of employed people increased by 203 000. Employment increases were
observed in all sectors – 68 000 in the formal sector and 41 000 in the informal sector. The Agricultural and Private
households industries also observed increases in employment (56 000 and 38 000 respectively). During this period
the labour force decreased by 39 000, while the number of unemployed people decreased by 242 000. This resulted
in the following changes in the labour market rates - unemployment rate decreasing by 1,1 percentage points to
24,3%, absorption rate increasing by 0,4 of a percentage point and the labour force participation rate decreasing by
0,3 of a percentage point. The number of discouraged work-seekers decreased by 111 000 and the other (not
economically active) group increased by 305 000, resulting in a net increase of 194 000 among the not economically
active population.
Compared to Q4: 2013, employment increased by 143 000 in Q4: 2014, largely due to increases in the formal sector
which grew by 138 000 jobs. The Private households industry shed 26 000 jobs during this period. The number of
unemployed people increased by 79 000, resulting in a 0,2 percentage point increase in the unemployment rate. The
not economically active population increased by 400 000 - discouraged job-seekers increased by 203 000 and the
(other) not economically active group increased by 198 000.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
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3. Employment
Figure 1: Quarter-to-quarter change in employment, Quarter 1: 2009 to Quarter 4: 2014
Thousand
600
400
200
- 200
- 400
- 600
Q1
Q2
Q3
2009
Q4
Q1
Qtr-to-qtr change - 153 - 259 - 527 143 - 176
Q2
Q3
2010
11
Q4
Q1
- 161 250
5
Q2
Q3
2011
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2012
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2013
Q4
18
218
- 52
46
- 38
35
133
141 - 122
197
232
344
Q1
Q2
Q3
2014
Q4
39
203
22
The number of employed people increased for three subsequent quarters since Q2: 2014, with the largest gain
recorded in Q4: 2014. Employment gains of 39 000 and 22 000 were recorded in Q2: 2014 and Q3: 2014 respectively,
while in Q4: 2014 a gain of 203 000 was recorded.
Figure 2: Educational attainment of the employed by population group, Q4: 2013 and Q4: 2014
Less than matric
Matric
Tertiary
Black African
Q4: 2013
Q4: 2014
54,5
53,5
28,5
28,9
Coloured
Q4: 2013
Q4: 2014
54,8
50,1
31,5
35,3
Indian/Asian
Q4: 2013
Q4: 2014
18,7
20,0
White
Q4: 2013
Q4: 2014
13,0
13,1
%
0,0
15,9
16,4
13,1
13,7
45,5
45,8
34,9
34,1
42,6
40,6
20,0
Other
60,0
0,6
0,9
0,9
0,0
43,8
45,4
40,0
1,2
1,2
0,7
0,8
80,0
100,0
In Q4: 2014, the share of the employed population with tertiary education was highest among the white (45,4%) and
Indian/Asian (34,1%) population groups. The majority (more than 50%) of employed black Africans and the coloured
population did not complete their matric education. Although there were some improvements in Q4: 2014 compared to
Q4: 2013, relatively small proportions of employed black Africans and the coloured population group completed
tertiary education compared to their white and Indian counterparts.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
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Statistics South Africa
Figure 3: Absorption rate for men by education and
population group, Q4: 2014
Tertiary
Figure 4: Absorption rate for women by education
and population group , Q4: 2014
Less than matric
Tertiary
84,4
59,6
38,8
RSA
Indian/Asian
Coloured
Black African
0,0
Indian/Asian
Coloured
Black African
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
%
Less than matric
75,5
51,6
25,6
65,5
36,6
16,8
78,2
60,5
30,6
72,5
40,8
26,5
White
20,0
Matric
73,3
44,2
26,7
RSA
91,3
72,2
43,4
93,9
71,0
46,2
83,6
69,4
47,6
79,9
55,4
37,5
White
%
Matric
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0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
Figures 3 and 4 highlight large disparities in the labour absorption rate by education level within population groups –
where higher levels of education are associated with higher absorption rates. The figures further shows that the
absorption rate for men is higher than the absorption rate for women irrespective of educational attainment. However,
the gender gap in absorption rates narrows as the levels of education advance to a tertiary level.
At every education level, the absorption rate among black African men is lower than that of men in other population
groups (Figure 3), while the absorption rate among black African women is higher than the absorption rate among
Indian/Asian women at all educational levels (Figure 4). The black African population (both men and women) are the
only population with absorption rates that were lower than the national rates, irrespective of the educational level.
Table B: Employment by industry
Industry
Total*
Agriculture
Mining#
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance and other business services
Community and social services
Private households
Oct-Dec
2013
Jul-Sep
2014
15 177
15 117
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
15 320
713
426
1 766
127
1 204
3 224
961
2 037
3 470
1 244
686
441
1 741
118
1 280
3 197
933
2 024
3 514
1 180
742
427
1 749
104
1 334
3 247
952
2 039
3 501
1 219
Qtr-toqtr
change
Year-onyear change
203
143
56
-14
9
-15
53
50
19
15
-12
38
28
1
-17
-23
130
22
-10
2
31
-26
Qtr-toqtr
change
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
1,3
0,9
8,2
-3,2
0,5
-12,5
4,2
1,6
2,0
0,7
-0,4
3,2
4,0
0,3
-1,0
-18,3
10,8
0,7
-1,0
0,1
0,9
-2,1
Note: Total includes 'other' industry.
#
Mining is a very clustered industry, hence the industry might not have been adequately captured by the QLFS sample. For more robust mining
estimates, please use the Quarterly Employment Statistics (QES).
*Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
The number of employed people increased by 203 000 in Q4: 2014 compared to Q3: 2014. Large quarterly gains
were observed in the Agriculture (56 000), Construction (53 000) and Trade (50 000) industries. Job losses were
recorded in the Utilities, Mining and Community and social services industries (15 000, 14 000 and 12 000
respectively).
Compared to the same period last year, employment increased by 143 000. Annual increases were observed in the
Construction (130 000), Community and social services (31 000), Agriculture (28 000) and Trade (22 000) industries.
Employment in the Mining and Finance and other business services industries remained virtually unchanged. The
largest decreases in employment were observed in the Private households (26 000) and Utilities (23 000) industries.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
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Table C: Employment by occupation
Oct-Dec
2013
Occupation
Total
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
Jul-Sep
2014
15 177
15 117
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
15 320
1 230
893
1 637
1 624
2 298
75
1 847
1 251
3 310
1 012
1 358
917
1 568
1 601
2 296
86
1 816
1 270
3 242
961
1 337
654
1 467
1 750
2 448
94
1 957
1 315
3 356
943
Year-onyear
change
Qtr-to-qtr
change
203
143
-22
-264
-102
148
152
9
141
45
114
-18
106
-239
-171
126
150
19
110
65
45
-69
Qtr-toYear-onqtr
year
change
change
Per cent
1,3
0,9
-1,6
-28,7
-6,5
9,3
6,6
10,3
7,7
3,6
3,5
-1,9
8,6
-26,8
-10,4
7,8
6,5
25,7
6,0
5,2
1,4
-6,8
*Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
The number of employed people increased in six of the ten occupations in Q4: 2014. The largest increases were
recorded in the Sales and services (152 000), Clerical (148 000), Craft and related trade (141 000) and Elementary
(114 000) occupations. In the same period, large decreases in employment were recorded in the Professional
(264 000) and Technician (102 000) occupations.
Annual employment gains were the largest in the Sales and services, Clerical, Craft and related trade and Managerial
occupations (150 000, 126 000, 110 000 and 106 000 respectively) in the year ended December 2014. During this
period, job losses were recorded in the Professional (239 000), Technician (171 000) and Domestic work (69 000)
occupations.
Figure 5: Employed people by occupation, population group and sex, Q4: 2014
Men
Women
Skilled
White
56,5
Indian/Asian
44,8
Coloured
20,1
Black African
17,1
White
60,4
Indian/Asian
46,5
Coloured
19,0
Black African
14,7
%
,00
Semi-skilled
Low skilled
42,1
1,3
53,1
2,1
51,8
28,1
40,5
42,4
35,7
3,9
47,7
54,0
27,0
58,7
20,00
40,00
5,8
26,6
60,00
80,00
100,00
Note: 'Skilled' includes Manager, Professional and Technician occupations; 'Semi-skilled' includes Clerk, Sales and services, Skilled agriculture,
Craft and related trade and Plant and machine operator occupations; 'Low-skilled' includes Elementary and Domestic worker occupations.
Irrespective of gender, Figure 5 shows that white and Indian/Asian populations are more dominant in skilled
occupations compared to black African and coloured population groups. Proportions of employed black African and
coloured populations are the largest among low-skilled occupations for both men and women. However, black African
women remained vulnerable – about 42% were employed in low-skilled occupations compared to only 1,3% of white
women and 2,1% of Indian/Asian women.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
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Table D: Employment by province
Oct-Dec
2013
Province
South Africa
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
Jul-Sep
2014
15 177
15 117
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
15 320
2 235
1 332
329
746
2 527
869
4 823
1 149
1 168
2 182
1 377
302
755
2 419
921
4 820
1 135
1 206
2 170
1 336
320
772
2 520
948
4 881
1 138
1 235
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Year-onyear
change
203
143
-12
-42
18
17
101
28
61
3
29
-65
4
-9
26
-7
80
58
-11
67
Year-onQtr-to-qtr
year
change
change
Per cent
1,3
0,9
-0,5
-3,0
5,9
2,3
4,2
3,0
1,3
0,2
2,4
-2,9
0,3
-2,7
3,5
-0,3
9,2
1,2
-0,9
5,8
*Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
In Q4: 2014 employment gains were recorded in seven of the nine provinces. The largest quarterly employment gains
were observed in KwaZulu-Natal (101 000) and Gauteng (61 000). Job losses of 42 000 and 12 000 were respectively
recorded in Eastern Cape and Western Cape during this period.
For the year ended December 2014, employment increased in five provinces, with the largest gains recorded in
North West (80 000), Limpopo (67 000) and Gauteng (58 000). Western Cape recorded the largest annual decrease
in employment during this period, at 65 000.
Figure 6: Quarter-to-quarter changes in employment by sector, Quarter 1: 2009 to Quarter 4: 2014
400
300
Thousand
200
100
- 100
- 200
- 300
- 400
Q1
Q2
Q3
2009
Formal sector
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
-41 -135 142 -101 144
-15
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2011
- 60 - 85 - 290 58 - 149 - 85 - 129 239
Informal sector -81
Q1
2010
40
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2012
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2013
66
- 12 228 210 - 89
71
119 - 45 - 24 132 335
64
30
-4
118
123 -110
-32
-20
24
-17
26
-37
Q3
Q4
2014
-40
-43
Q2
7
- 24
88
68
43
28
41
Following a decrease of 24 000 jobs in Q2: 2014, employment in the formal sector increased for two subsequent
quarters (88 000 jobs in Q3: 2014 and 68 000 jobs in Q4: 2014). Informal sector jobs increased for three subsequent
quarters since Q2: 2014. In Q4: 2014 the informal sector recorded a quarterly gain of 41 000 jobs.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
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Figure 7: Quarter-to-quarter and year-on-year changes in the formal sector by industry
Thousand
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
Mining
Qtr-to-qtr change
Yr-on-yr change
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Services
-15
19
-17
7
48
20
8
-5
1
0
-25
64
47
20
-17
35
#
Mining is a very clustered industry, hence the industry might not have been adequately captured by the QLFS sample. For more robust mining
estimates, please use the Quarterly Employment Statistics (QES).
In Q4: 2014, formal sector employment grew by 68 000 compared to Q3: 2014. Large gains in the formal sector jobs
were observed in the Trade (48 000), Transport (20 000) and Manufacturing (19 000) industries. Employment declines
were observed in the Utilities (17 000), Mining (15 000) and Community and social services (5 000) industries.
An annual gain of 138 000 jobs was recorded in the formal sector in Q4: 2014.The largest employment increases in
the formal sector were observed in the Construction, Trade and Community and social services industries (64 000,
47 000 and 35 000 respectively). Employment declined in the Utilities (25 000) and Finance and other business
services (17 000) industries; it remained unchanged in the Manufacturing industry and virtually unchanged in the
Mining industry.
Figure 8: Quarter-to-quarter and year-on-year changes in the informal sector by industry
Thousand
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Services
Qtr-to-qtr change
1
-10
2
47
3
0
6
-7
Yr-on-yr change
0
-25
2
66
-25
-30
18
-4
#
Mining is a very clustered industry, hence the industry might not have been adequately captured by the QLFS sample. For more robust mining
estimates, please use the Quarterly Employment Statistics (QES).
Informal sector employment grew by 41 000 in Q4: 2014 compared to Q3: 2014. The Construction industry recorded
the largest employment gain at 47 000. The Manufacturing and Community and social services industries shed jobs
during this period (10 000 and 7 000 respectively).
Compared to Q4: 2013, informal sector jobs increased by the largest numbers in the Construction and the Finance
and other business services industries (66 000 and 18 000 respectively). The sector recorded large employment
declines in Transport (30 000), Trade (25 000) and Manufacturing (25 000).
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
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3.1 Conditions of employment for employees
Figure 9: Quarter-to-quarter changes in nature of
employment contract
Q3: 2014
Unspecified
Permanent
Limited
Q4: 2014
Figure 10: Year-on-year changes in nature of
employment contract
Change
2 799
Q4: 2013
150
Unspecified
2 949
8 174
103
8 277
2 019
- 9
2 010
Thousand
3 000
6 000
Permanent
Limited
Change
-66
3 015
2 949
8 046
231
8 277
1 975
35
2 010
Thousand
9 000
Q4: 2014
3 000
6 000
9 000
Most employees were employed on contracts of a permanent nature. Between Q3: 2014 and Q4: 2014, the number of
total employees increased by 244 000 (see Table 3.6 in the appendix). Quarterly increases were observed in the
number of employees with contracts of an unspecified duration and among those with contracts of a permanent nature
(150 000 and 103 000 respectively). The number of employees with contracts of limited duration decreased slightly by
9 000 (Figure 9).
Over the period Q4: 2013 to Q4: 2014, the number of employees with contracts of a permanent nature and those with
contracts of a limited duration increased by 231 000 and 35 000 respectively, while the number of employees with
contracts of unspecified duration declined by 66 000.
Figure 11: How salary increment was negotiated,
Q4: 2014
Table E: Year-on-year changes in trade union
membership by type of salary negotiation
Q4: 2013
Employer only
53,3
Union and employer
22,5
Individual and employer
Individual and employer
9,2
Union and employer
Bargaining council
8,6
No regular increment
5,9
Other
0,5
%
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
Q4: 2014
Thousand
Change
60
76
16
2 649
2 742
93
Bargaining council
841
882
41
Employer only
172
193
20
No regular increment
4
7
3
Other
2
1
-1
Total
3 728
3 900
172
Figure 11 shows that most employees (53,3%) had their salary increments determined by their employers only. While
29,5% of employees had a union membership in Q4: 2014 (see Table 3.8 in the appendix), unions negotiated salary
increments for 22,5% of employees. About 6% of employees had no regular salary increment in Q4: 2014.
Between Q4: 2013 and Q4: 2014, union membership increased by 172 000 members. Union membership increased
in all the types of salary negotiations. The largest increase was among those whose salaries were negotiated between
a union and employer (93 000) (see Table E).
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
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4. Unemployment
Figure 12: Quarter-to-quarter change in employment, Quarter 1: 2009 to Quarter 4: 2014
400
300
Thousand
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2009
Qtr-to-qtr change 318
-25
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2010
135
-47
184
9
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2011
33
-287 229
185
Q3
Q4
Q1
2012
-82 -232 301
-48
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2013
181 -192 152
110
Q2
Q3
Q4
2014
-92
-50
237
87
-3
-242
In Q4: 2014, the number of unemployed people decreased by 242 000 to 4,9 million (see Table A). Figure 12 shows
that unemployment increased consecutively in the first two quarters of 2014, while it remained virtually unchanged in
Q3: 2014. Increases of 237 000 and 87 000 in the number of unemployed people were observed in Q1: 2014 and
Q2: 2014 respectively.
Figure 13: Educational attainment of the unemployed by population group and sex, Q4: 2014
Less than matric
Black African
Q4: 2013
Q4: 2014
Tertiary
58,6
59,9
Coloured
Q4: 2013
Q4: 2014
26,8
26,1
46,1
42,6
30,1
White
Q4: 2013
Q4: 2014
55,8
37,0
38,9
0,0
20,0
Other
33,9
32,5
68,7
68,8
Indian/Assian
Q4: 2013
Q4: 2014
%
Matric
46,0
46,7
40,0
60,0
80,0
7,0
7,0
0,6
0,6
4,0 0,4
3,8 1,3
11,3
14,1
0,0
0,0
17,0
12,9
0,0
1,6
100,0
Levels of education below matric were observed in larger proportions among unemployed black Africans and the
coloured population. Compared to Q4: 2013, unemployed black Africans with less than matric increased by 1,3
percentage points in Q4: 2014. Seven out of ten coloured people had a qualification of less than matric and the figure
remained unchanged compared to a year ago. The proportions of unemployed Indians with less than matric
decreased by 16,0 percentage points in favour of those with matric and a tertiary qualification. The proportion of white
people with a tertiary qualification decreased from 17,0% in Q4: 2013 to 12,9% in Q4: 2014 (4,1 percentage points
decrease).
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
xiii
Statistics South Africa
Figure 14: Unemployment rate for men
education and population group, Q4: 2014
Less than matric
Matric
by
P0211
Figure 15: Unemployment rate for women
education and population group, Q4: 2014
Less than matric
Tertiary
Black African
27,5
26,5
11,0
Black African
32,0
33,2
16,1
Coloured
26,4
17,8
7,5
Coloured
32,6
18,3
7,8
Indian/Asian
12,5
13,3
1,9
Indian/Asian
27,4
15,9
10,3
White
19,4
7,0
2,2
White
20,5
10,8
2,5
%
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
%
0,0
5,0
10,0
Matric
15,0
by
Tertiary
20,0
25,0
30,0
35,0
Figure 14 and Figure 15 highlight large disparities in unemployment rates by education level and population group. In
every education category, the unemployment rate among black Africans is higher than that of other population groups.
The figures further shows that the unemployment rate for men is lower than the unemployment rate for women,
irrespective of education level. The unemployment rate among men with tertiary qualification ranged from 1,9%
(Indian/Asian men) to 11,0% (black African men), while the unemployment rate among women with the same
qualification ranged from 2,5% (white women) to 16,1% (black African women). The gender gap is largest among
Indians/Asians without matric and tertiary education.
Table F: Unemployment rate by province
Official unemployment rate
Oct-Dec
2013
Jul-Sep
2014
Oct-Dec
2014
Per cent
Qtr-toqtr
change
Expanded unemployment rate
Year-onyear
change
Oct-Dec
2013
Percentage points
Jul-Sep
2014
Oct-Dec
2014
Per cent
Qtr-toqtr
change
Year-onyear
change
Percentage points
South Africa
24,1
25,4
24,3
-1,1
0,2
34,0
35,8
34,6
-1,2
0,6
Western Cape
21,0
23,6
22,9
-0,7
1,9
22,1
25,5
24,5
-1,0
2,4
Eastern Cape
27,8
29,5
29,1
-0,4
1,3
43,3
43,0
41,9
-1,1
-1,4
Northern Cape
24,9
29,7
28,7
-1,0
3,8
34,8
39,5
38,4
-1,1
3,6
Free State
33,0
34,6
32,2
-2,4
-0,8
40,9
40,9
39,5
-1,4
-1,4
KwaZulu-Natal
19,9
24,1
20,8
-3,3
0,9
36,2
40,8
37,9
-2,9
1,7
North West
27,3
26,8
25,2
-1,6
-2,1
42,2
41,8
40,0
-1,8
-2,2
Gauteng
25,2
24,6
24,6
0,0
-0,6
28,9
29,6
29,6
0,0
0,7
Mpumalanga
27,2
29,3
26,6
-2,7
-0,6
40,2
42,0
40,5
-1,5
0,3
Limpopo
16,9
15,9
15,9
0,0
-1,0
36,1
38,4
37,2
-1,2
1,1
Between Q3: 2014 and Q4: 2014, the official unemployment rate decreased by 1,1 percentage points. Decreases in
the unemployment rate were observed in seven of the nine provinces. The largest decreases were recorded in
KwaZulu-Natal (3,3 percentage points), Mpumalanga (2,7 percentage points) and Free State (2,4 percentage points).
In the same period, the official unemployment rate remained unchanged in Gauteng and Limpopo.
In comparison to the same period last year, Northern Cape, Western Cape and Eastern Cape recorded the largest
rise in the official unemployment rate. The largest annual decrease in the official unemployment rate was recorded in
North West (2,1 percentage points). Compared to Q3: 2014, the expanded unemployment rate decreased by 1,2
percentage points to 34,6% in Q4: 2014. During this period, eight of the nine provinces recorded decreases in the
expanded unemployment rate. The largest decrease was recorded in KwaZulu-Natal at 2,9 percentage points. The
expanded unemployment rate in Gauteng remained the same between the two quarters.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
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Statistics South Africa
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5. Job tenure in South Africa
In 2008, Statistics South Africa introduced questions in the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) that ask the month
and year in which a person started working with their current employer. Utilising this data, the median monthly job
tenure is calculated.
The US Bureau of Labor Statistics suggests that "measures of employee tenure can be useful in understanding longterm trends in the labor market". Factors that can affect median job tenure include the age profile of employees, as
well as fluctuations in the number of hires and job losses. In addition, job tenure can also serve as an indicator of the
degree of mobility in the labour market. It can provide an indication of the rigidity of the labour market as long-tenure
jobs are often associated with a more rigid labour regime, while higher levels of unionisation amongst employees also
raise the length of job tenure. Caution should be exercised when interpreting the analysis due to small sample sizes;
certain categories may also be excluded due to small sample sizes. In addition it should also be noted that due to
rounding, totals may not add up.
5.1 Trends in median monthly job tenure 2008–2014
Changes in the composition of the labour force can drive changes in job tenure patterns. For example, an ageing
labour force will lengthen job tenure, as age and tenure are highly correlated. In contrast, an increase in female labour
1
participation rates can lead to a decline in average job tenure (Auer, Berg and Coulibaly, 2004) . This section presents
median monthly job tenure over the period 2008 to 2014.
Table G: Employees by province, 2008–2014
2008
2010
2012
2014
Table H: Median monthly job tenure by province,
2008 –2014
2008-2014
2008
2010
Thousand
2012
2014
2008-2014
11
Months
12 456
11 693
12 313
13 236
780
South Africa
36
44
46
47
Western Cape
1 833
1 779
1 887
1 958
125
Western Cape
41
46
47
47
6
Eastern Cape
1 086
1 083
1 016
1 181
95
Eastern Cape
32
35
37
42
10
Northern Cape
294
262
284
294
0
Northern Cape
27
28
42
27
0
Free State
702
672
624
655
-46
Free State
37
38
41
47
10
2 185
1 972
2 050
2 146
-39
KwaZulu-Natal
32
40
46
45
13
799
710
739
853
54
North West
34
47
52
52
18
45
50
53
55
10
South Africa
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
4 000
3 717
3 957
4 199
199
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
839
777
881
968
128
Mpumalanga
29
41
43
44
15
Limpopo
719
721
874
982
263
Limpopo
35
32
38
41
6
Gauteng
Between 2008 and 2014, the number of employees in South Africa increased from 12,5 million to 13,2 million,
constituting an increase of 780 000. Following the economic recession, the number of employees declined to 11,7
million in 2010. An upward trend in the median monthly job tenure was observed over the period 2008 to 2014; the
median monthly job tenure increased by 11 months to 47 months (3 years and 11 months) in 2014. This rise may be
driven by the fact that during economic downturns, firms tend to first shed those employees who were hired most
recently, the last-in-first-out principle.
During the period 2008 to 2010, employees decreased in all the provinces, except in Limpopo where the number of
employees remained virtually unchanged. The share of employees in North West was the third lowest; however, the
decrease in the number of employees in this province was the third highest. Gauteng employees declined by 283 000,
followed by KwaZulu-Natal at 213 000 employees and North West at 89 000 employees.
1
Auer, P., Berg, J. and Coulibaly, I. "Insights into the tenure-productivity-employment relationship", August 2004, Employment Analysis and
Research Unit – Employment Strategy Department, ILO.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
xv
Statistics South Africa
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5.2 Job tenure by demographic characteristics
This section analyses median monthly job tenure by demographic variables including population group, sex, age and
levels of education.
Figure 16: Median monthly job tenure by population group, 2008–2014
South Africa
Black
Coloured
Indian
White
80
60
Months
40
20
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
South Africa
36
42
44
46
46
45
47
Black
32
35
39
42
43
42
44
Coloured
44
45
48
47
56
47
49
Indian
46
50
57
67
57
58
67
White
67
64
69
70
71
64
69
While the gap in median monthly job tenure between black Africans and the white population group narrowed over the
period 2008 to 2014, employees from the white population group continue to have the highest job tenure among all
population groups. Over the period, the job tenure for black Africans increased from 32 months to 44 months.
Between 2008 and 2014, the largest increase in median monthly job tenure was for the Indian population group
(21 months or nearly 2 years).
Figure 17: Median monthly job tenure for men,
2008 and 2014
Figure 18: Median monthly job tenure for women,
2008 and 2014
Between 2008 and 2014, job tenure increased by 11 months for men and by 10 months for women. The increase in
job tenure for women may reflect the increase in the number of women who were employed as Technicians and
2
Managers, as these occupations are typically associated with higher job tenure.
In 2014, the highest median monthly job tenure for both men and women was in Gauteng. In 2008, the Western Cape
and Limpopo jointly held the first position for men, while for women, Gauteng remained the province with the highest
median monthly job tenure. Among men, the largest increase in job tenure over the period was in the North West
(19 months) while for women, Mpumalanga and the North West recorded the largest increase (17 months).
2
Gender series volume I: Economic Empowerment, 2001–2014, Statistics South Africa.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
xvi
Statistics South Africa
P0211
Figure 19: Median monthly job tenure by age, 2008–2014
Total
15-24yrs
25-34yrs
35-44yrs
45-54yrs
55-64yrs
200
160
120
Months
80
40
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total
36
42
44
46
46
45
47
15-24yrs
11
11
13
14
12
10
11
25-34yrs
25
28
30
32
32
30
32
35-44yrs
56
55
57
59
60
57
64
45-54yrs
106
104
107
107
105
95
101
55-64yrs
142
141
155
151
163
165
165
Employee job tenure increases with age. In 2014, the median monthly tenure of persons aged 55–64 years was more
than 5 times that of persons aged 25–34 years. In 2014, the median monthly job tenure of those aged 55–64 years
was 165 months or 13,8 years – up from 142 months (11,8 years) in 2008, which is an increase of 23 months over the
period, and the largest rise among all age groups. In contrast, the median monthly tenure for young people aged
15–24 years remained unchanged at 11 months in both 2008 and 2014. Job tenure for youth aged 25–34 years is
higher compared to that of their younger counterparts and has increased from 25 to 32 months over the period.
Figure 20: Median monthly job
tenure for employees with less
than matric, 2008 and 2014
Figure 21: Median monthly job
tenure for employees with matric,
2008 and 2014
Figure 22: Median monthly job
tenure for employees with tertiary
education, 2008 and 2014
Higher levels of education are associated with longer job tenure. Between 2008 and 2014, job tenure increased
among all the levels of education, with the largest increase for employees with matric (11 months), while for the other
two educational categories the increase over the period was 9 months. In 2014, the job tenure of a person with a
tertiary qualification was more than twice that of a person with a below matric level of education.
Among employees with less than a matric level of education, Gauteng accounted for the highest median monthly job
tenure in both 2008 and 2014 (Figure 20). The largest increase in job tenure for those with less than matric was
observed in North West (18 months). In 2008, Western Cape accounted for the highest median monthly job tenure for
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
xvii
Statistics South Africa
P0211
employees with a matric qualification; however, in 2014, the highest median monthly job tenure was in Gauteng
(Figure 21). The largest increase in job tenure for employees with a matric qualification was in KwaZulu-Natal
(16 months), Mpumalanga (15 months) and Northern Cape (14 months). In 2008, Limpopo and Northern Cape
recorded the highest job tenure for employees with a tertiary qualification, while in 2014, Limpopo retained the number
one spot, followed by Free State. Free State reflected the largest increase over the period (26 months) while job
tenure declined the most in Northern Cape (23 months).
5.3 Median monthly tenure by industry, occupation and sector
This section focuses on the trends in the length of job tenure over the period 2008 to 2014 by occupation, industry and
sector.
Figure 23: Median monthly tenure by sector, 2008–2014
Total
Formal
Informal
Agriculture
Private hh
60
40
Months
20
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Total
36
42
44
46
46
45
47
Formal
43
46
49
52
55
50
55
Informal
18
17
19
19
19
17
18
Agriculture
29
33
33
39
33
34
36
Private hh
26
23
25
27
32
33
31
In addition to the formal sector being characterised by job security, employment protection and higher levels of
3
unionisation, job tenure in this sector is also higher relative to the informal sector . Between 2008 and 2014, job tenure
increased in in the formal sector (12 months), while it remained unchanged in the informal sector. The median job
tenure also increased in the Agriculture and Private households industries (7 months and 5 months respectively).
Figure 24: Median monthly job tenure by industry, 2008 and 2014
2008
2014
Change
Total
36
47
11
Tertiary
39
47
8
Secondary
33
42
Primary
32
55
0
9
23
20
40
60
Months
Note: 'Primary industry' includes Agriculture and Mining; 'Secondary industry' includes Manufacturing, Utilities and Construction; 'Tertiary industry'
includes Trade, Transport, Finance, Services and Private households.
3
Stats SA, "National and provincial labour market: The informal sector: Q2: 2008–Q2: 2014", forthcoming
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
Statistics South Africa
xviii
P0211
Between 2008 and 2014, all industry categories reflected an increase in median monthly job tenure. The lowest job
tenure in 2008 was observed in primary industries (32 months); however, by 2014, primary industries accounted for
the highest job tenure at 55 months.
Figure 25: Median monthly job
tenure, low-skilled occupations,
2008 and 2014
Figure 26: Median monthly job
tenure, semi-skilled occupations,
2008 and 2014
Figure 27: Median monthly job
tenure, skilled occupations,
2008 and 2014
Note: 'Skilled' includes Manager, Professional and Technician occupations; 'Semi-skilled' includes Clerk, Sales and services, Skilled agriculture,
Craft and related trade and Plant and machine operator occupations; 'Low-skilled' includes Elementary and Domestic worker occupations.
Skilled occupations recorded the highest median monthly job tenure in both 2008 and 2014, increasing by 12 months
or 1 year over the period. In 2014, the job tenure of an employee employed in a skilled occupation was 2,5 times
higher than that of a low-skilled employee.
Low-skilled occupations have the lowest median monthly job tenure compared to semi-skilled and skilled occupations.
In 2008 and 2014, Gauteng recorded the highest job tenure for low-skilled occupations, while the lowest job tenure in
both years was in the Northern Cape and Limpopo (Figure 25). Among employees in low-skilled occupations, the
largest increase was in the North West (12 months), followed by Gauteng (11 months). Figure 26 shows that in 2008,
Gauteng occupied the top position, while in 2014, North West had the highest job tenure amongst semi-skilled
occupations. Between 2008 and 2014, job tenure increased the most in Mpumalanga (19 months) and North West (18
months) among employees in semi-skilled occupations. In 2014, Limpopo and the Free State had the highest job
tenure amongst skilled occupations, while Limpopo recorded the largest decrease (40 months) between 2008 and
2014. The largest increases were recorded in Mpumalanga (22 months) and KwaZulu-Natal (20 months) over the
period (Figure 27).
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
Statistics South Africa
xix
P0211
6. Summary labour market measures at a glance, Q4: 2014
PJ Lehohla
Statistician-General: Statistics South Africa
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
xx
Statistics South Africa
P0211
7. Other labour market trends
7.1 Year-on-year changes
Thousand
Figure 28: Year-on-year change in total employment, Quarter 1: 2009 to Quarter 4: 2014
1 000
800
600
400
200
- 200
- 400
- 600
- 800
-1 000
Yr-on-yr change
Q1
178
Q2
Q3
2009
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2010
- 228 - 719 - 796 - 818 - 548 - 182
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2011
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2012
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2013
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2014
Q4
- 75
106
113
438
380
408
187
274
362
653
496
403
81
143
Q3
Q4
471
443
474
Figure 29: Year-on-year changes in the formal sector employment, Quarter 1: 2009 to Quarter 4: 2014
Thousand
600
400
200
- 200
- 400
- 600
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2009
Yr-on-yr change
227
11
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2010
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2011
- 326 - 377 - 466 - 466 - 305 - 125
90
163
520
Q3
Q4
Q1
2012
490
335
419
310
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2013
56
121
182
399
Q2
2014
507
538
381
134
138
Figure 30: Year-on-year changes in the informal sector employment, Quarter 1: 2009 to Quarter 4: 2014
Thousand
250
200
150
100
50
- 50
- 100
- 150
- 200
- 250
Q1
Yr-on-yr change - 149
Q2
Q3
2009
- 201
- 170
Q4
Q1
- 116
- 136
Q2
Q3
2010
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2011
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2012
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2013
Q4
Q1
50
68
129
15
- 85
- 65
- 98
119
122
151
95
2
169
- 13
63
-4
Q2
Q3
2014
19
85
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
Q4
2
xxi
Statistics South Africa
P0211
7.2 Trends in unemployment rate by sex
Figure 31: Unemployment rate by sex, Quarter 1: 2009 to Quarter 4: 2014
30,0
25,0
% 20,0
15,0
10,0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2009
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2010
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2011
Q3
Q4
Q1
2012
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2013
Q2
Q3
Q4
2014
Women 25,6 25,3 26,3 25,6 27,2 27,4 27,9 26,3 27,9 28,1 27,5 25,9 27,3 26,8 27,5 27,1 26,8 27,5 26,2 26,3 27,0 27,5 27,80 26,6
Men
20,9 21,5 23,0 22,8 23,3 23,2 23,5 22,0 22,4 23,5 22,9 22,0 23,2 23,1 23,3 22,4 23,6 23,4 23,1 22,4 23,7 23,8 23,40 22,4
RSA
23,0 23,2 24,5 24,1 25,1 25,1 25,4 23,9 24,8 25,6 25,0 23,8 25,0 24,8 25,2 24,5 25,0 25,3 24,5 24,1 25,2 25,5 25,40 24,3
8. Comparison of the QLFS and the QES
Table I: Key differences between the QLFS and the QES
QLFS
Coverage
Sample size
Reference period
Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC)
QES
Private households and workers' hostels
Non-institutional population (15 years and
older)
Total employment (including informal sector,
Private households, Agriculture and small
businesses)
Quarterly sample of approximately 30 000
dwellings in which households reside
Payroll of VAT-registered businesses
Employees only
One week prior to the interview
Payroll on the last day of the quarter
All industries
Excluding Agriculture and Private households
Formal sector excluding Agriculture
Quarterly sample of 20 000 non-agricultural formal
sector businesses
Employers and own-account workers
registered for VAT or income tax
Employees paying income tax and those not
paying tax but working in firms with 5 or more
workers
Formal sector definition
(excluding Agriculture and
Private households)
Employees on payroll of VAT-registered businesses
Figure 32: Formal sector trends in QLFS and QES
12,0
10,0
Million
8,0
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
2009
Q3
Q4
Q1
2010
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2011
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2012
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
2013
Q2
Q3
2014
QLFS
9, 4
9, 4
9, 1
9, 2
9, 1
9,0
8,9
9, 1
9, 1
9, 1
9, 4
9, 5
9, 5
9, 5
9, 7
9, 6
9, 6
9, 7
10, 1
10, 1
10, 2
10, 1
10, 2
QES
8, 3
8, 2
8, 1
8, 2
8, 1
8,1
8,2
8, 3
8, 3
8, 3
8, 4
8, 4
8, 4
8, 4
8, 4
8, 5
8, 5
8, 4
8, 5
8, 5
8, 5
8, 7
8, 5
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
xxii
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9. Technical notes
9.1 Response details
Table J: Response rates by province
Oct–Dec 2014
Province
Per cent
Western Cape
90,7
Eastern Cape
95,8
Northern Cape
89,9
Free State
96,1
KwaZulu-Natal
95,9
North West
93,1
Gauteng
76,9
Mpumalanga
93,9
Limpopo
99,4
South Africa
91,4
9.2 Survey requirements and design
The Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) frame has been developed as a general-purpose household survey frame
that can be used by all other household surveys, irrespective of the sample size requirement of the survey. The
sample size for the QLFS is roughly 30 000 dwellings per quarter.
The sample is based on information collected during the 2001 Population Census conducted by Stats SA. In
preparation for the 2001 Census, the country was divided into 80 787 enumeration areas (EAs). Stats SA's
household-based surveys use a master sample of primary sampling units (PSUs) that comprise EAs that are drawn
from across the country.
The sample is designed to be representative at provincial level and within provinces at metro/non-metro levels. Within
the metros, the sample is further distributed by geography type. The four geography types are: urban formal, urban
informal, farms, and tribal. This implies, for example, that within a metropolitan area, the sample is representative of
the different geography types that may exist within that metro.
The current sample size is 3 080 PSUs. It is divided equally into four subgroups or panels called rotation groups. The
rotation groups are designed in such a way that each of these groups has the same distribution pattern as that which
is observed in the whole sample. They are numbered from one to four and these numbers also correspond to the
quarters of the year in which the sample will be rotated for the particular group.
The sample for the redesigned Labour Force Survey (i.e. the QLFS) is based on a stratified two-stage design with
probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling of PSUs in the first stage, and sampling of dwelling units (DUs) with
systematic sampling in the second stage.
9.3 Sample rotation
Each quarter, a ¼ of the sampled dwellings rotate out of the sample and are replaced by new dwellings from the same
PSU or the next PSU on the list. Thus, sampled dwellings will remain in the sample for four consecutive quarters. It
should be noted that the sampling unit is the dwelling, and the unit of observation is the household. Therefore, if a
household moves out of a dwelling after being in the sample for, say two quarters, and a new household moves in, the
new household will be enumerated for the next two quarters. If no household moves into the sampled dwelling, the
dwelling will be classified as vacant (unoccupied).
9.4 Weighting
The sampling weights for the data collected from the sampled households are constructed in such a manner that the
responses could be properly expanded to represent the entire civilian population of South Africa. The weights are the
result of calculations involving several factors, including original selection probabilities, adjustment for non-response,
and benchmarking to known population estimates from the Demography division of Stats SA.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
Statistics South Africa
xxiii
P0211
9.5 Non-response adjustment
In general, imputation is used for item non-response (i.e. blanks within the questionnaire) and edits failure (i.e. invalid
or inconsistent responses). The eligible households in the sampled dwellings can be divided into two response
categories: respondents and non-respondents; weight adjustment is applied to account for the non-respondent
households (e.g. refusal, no contact, etc.).
9.6 Final survey weights
The final survey weights are constructed using regression estimation to calibrate to the known population counts at
the national level population estimates (which are supplied by the Demography division), cross-classified by 5-year
age groups, gender and race, and provincial population estimates by broad age groups. The 5-year age groups are:
0–4, 5–9, 10–14, etc., and 65 years and above. The provincial level age groups are: 0–14, 15–34, 35–64, and 65
years and above. The calibrated weights are constructed so that all persons in a household would have the same final
weight.
9.7 Estimation
The final survey weights are used to obtain the estimates for various domains of interest, e.g. number of persons
employed in Agriculture in Western Cape, number of females employed in Manufacturing, etc.
9.8 Reliability of the survey estimates
Since estimates are based on sample data, they differ from figures that would have been obtained from complete
enumeration of the population using the same instrument. Results are subject to both sampling and non-sampling
errors. Non-sampling errors include biases from inaccurate reporting, processing, and tabulation, etc., as well as
errors from non-responses and incomplete reporting. These types of errors cannot be measured readily. However, to
some extent, non-sampling errors can be minimised through the procedures used for data collection, editing, quality
control, and non-response adjustment. The variances of the survey estimates are used to measure sampling errors.
The variance estimation methodology is discussed below.
(i)Variance estimation
The most commonly used methods for estimating variances of survey estimates from complex surveys such as the
QLFS, are the Taylor-series Linearization, Jack-knife Replication, Balanced Repeated Replication (BRR), and
4
Bootstrap methods (Wolter, 2007) . The Fay's BRR method has been used for variance estimation in the QLFS
because of its simplicity.
(ii) Coefficient of variation
It is more useful in many situations to assess the size of the standard error relative to the magnitude of the
characteristic being measured (the standard error is defined as the square root of the variance). The coefficient of
variation  cv  provides such a measure. It is the ratio of the standard error of the survey estimate to the value of
the estimate itself expressed as a percentage. It is very useful in comparing the precision of several different
survey estimates, where their sizes or scale differ from one another.
(iii) P-value of an estimate of change
The p-value corresponding to an estimate of change is the probability of observing a value larger than the particular
observed value under the hypothesis that there is no real change. If p-value <0,01, the difference is highly significant;
if p-value is between 0,01 and 0,05, the difference is significant; and if p-value >0,05, the difference is not significant.
4
Wolter, K.M., 2007. Introduction to Variance Estimation, 2nd Edition. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
Statistics South Africa
xxiv
P0211
10. Definitions
Discouraged job-seeker is a person who was not employed during the reference period, wanted to work, was
available to work/start a business but did not take active steps to find work during the last four weeks, provided that
the main reason given for not seeking work was any of the following: no jobs available in the area; unable to find work
requiring his/her skills; lost hope of finding any kind of work.
Economic activities are those that contribute to the production of goods and services in the country. There are two
types of economic activities, namely: (1) Market production activities (work done for others and usually associated
with pay or profit); and (2) Non-market production activities (work done for the benefit of the household, e.g.
subsistence farming).
Employed persons are those aged 15–64 years who, during the reference week, did any work for at least one hour,
or had a job or business but were not at work (temporarily absent).
Employment-to-population ratio (labour absorption rate) is the proportion of the working-age population that is
employed.
Informal employment identifies persons who are in precarious employment situations irrespective of whether or not
the entity for which they work is in the formal or informal sector. Persons in informal employment therefore comprise
all persons in the informal sector, employees in the formal sector, and persons working in private households who are
not entitled to basic benefits such as pension or medical aid contributions from their employer, and who do not have a
written contract of employment.
Informal sector: The informal sector has the following two components:
i)
Employees working in establishments that employ fewer than five employees, who do not deduct income
tax from their salaries/wages; and
ii)
Employers, own-account workers and persons helping unpaid in their household business who are not
registered for either income tax or value-added tax.
The labour force comprises all persons who are employed plus all persons who are unemployed.
Labour force participation rate is the proportion of the working-age population that is either employed or
unemployed.
Long-term unemployment: Persons in long-term unemployment are those individuals among the unemployed who
were without work and trying to find a job or start a business for one year or more.
Not economically active: Persons aged 15–64 years who are neither employed nor unemployed in the reference
week.
Persons in underemployment (time-related) are employed persons who were willing and available to work additional
hours, whose total number of hours actually worked during the reference period were below 35 hours per week.
Underutilised labour comprises three groups which are defined as follows: persons who are underemployed,
persons who are unemployed, and persons who are discouraged.
Unemployed persons are those (aged 15–64 years) who:
a) Were not employed in the reference week; and
b) Actively looked for work or tried to start a business in the four weeks preceding the survey interview; and
c) Were available for work, i.e. would have been able to start work or a business in the reference week; or
d) Had not actively looked for work in the past four weeks but had a job or business to start at a definite date in
the future and were available.
Unemployment rate is the proportion of the labour force that is unemployed.
The working-age population comprises all persons aged 15–64 years.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
1
Appendix 1
Table 1: Population of working age (15–64 years)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Women
Men
35 022
17 808
17 214
35 177
17 879
17 298
35 332
17 950
17 382
35 489
18 022
17 467
35 643
18 093
17 550
155
71
84
622
285
337
0,4
0,4
0,5
1,8
1,6
2,0
Population groups
Black African
Coloured
Indian/Asian
White
35 022
27 679
3 259
956
3 128
35 177
27 827
3 270
959
3 120
35 332
27 975
3 282
962
3 113
35 489
28 125
3 293
965
3 105
35 643
28 274
3 304
968
3 097
155
149
11
3
-8
622
595
45
12
-31
0,4
0,5
0,3
0,3
-0,2
1,8
2,2
1,4
1,3
-1,0
South Africa
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
35 022
4 130
4 056
751
1 848
6 549
2 356
9 195
2 669
3 466
35 177
4 153
4 065
754
1 852
6 572
2 367
9 249
2 683
3 482
35 332
4 176
4 073
756
1 855
6 596
2 378
9 304
2 696
3 497
35 489
4 200
4 081
759
1 858
6 619
2 389
9 359
2 710
3 513
35 643
4 223
4 089
761
1 862
6 643
2 400
9 414
2 723
3 528
155
23
8
2
3
24
11
55
13
15
622
92
33
10
14
94
44
219
54
62
0,4
0,6
0,2
0,3
0,2
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,5
0,4
1,8
2,2
0,8
1,3
0,7
1,4
1,9
2,4
2,0
1,8
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
2
Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex – All population groups
Both sexes
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Women
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
35 022
20 007
15 177
10 773
2 446
713
1 244
4 830
15 015
2 200
12 815
35 177
20 122
15 055
10 780
2 336
709
1 231
5 067
15 055
2 355
12 700
35 332
20 248
15 094
10 755
2 379
670
1 290
5 154
15 084
2 419
12 665
35 489
20 268
15 117
10 843
2 407
686
1 180
5 151
15 221
2 514
12 707
35 643
20 228
15 320
10 911
2 448
742
1 219
4 909
15 415
2 403
13 012
155
-39
203
68
41
56
38
-242
194
-111
305
622
221
143
138
2
28
-26
79
400
203
198
0,4
-0,2
1,3
0,6
1,7
8,2
3,2
-4,7
1,3
-4,4
2,4
1,8
1,1
0,9
1,3
0,1
4,0
-2,1
1,6
2,7
9,2
1,5
24,1
43,3
57,1
25,2
42,8
57,2
25,5
42,7
57,3
25,4
42,6
57,1
24,3
43,0
56,8
-1,1
0,4
-0,3
0,2
-0,3
-0,3
17 808
9 046
6 670
4 485
971
210
1 004
2 376
8 762
1 175
7 587
17 879
9 113
6 653
4 502
961
212
977
2 460
8 766
1 243
7 523
17 950
9 145
6 629
4 495
923
207
1 004
2 516
8 805
1 283
7 522
18 022
9 113
6 577
4 477
941
206
953
2 536
8 908
1 338
7 570
18 093
9 090
6 676
4 582
924
228
942
2 414
9 003
1 276
7 727
71
-23
100
106
-17
21
-11
-123
94
-62
157
285
44
6
97
-47
17
-61
37
241
101
141
0,4
-0,3
1,5
2,4
-1,8
10,4
-1,1
-4,8
1,1
-4,7
2,1
1,6
0,5
0,1
2,2
-4,8
8,3
-6,1
1,6
2,8
8,6
1,9
26,3
37,5
50,8
27,0
37,2
51,0
27,5
36,9
50,9
27,8
36,5
50,6
26,6
36,9
50,2
-1,2
0,4
-0,4
0,3
-0,6
-0,6
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
3
Table 2: Labour force characteristics by sex – All population groups (concluded)
Men
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
17 214
10 961
17 298
11 009
17 382
11 103
17 467
11 154
17 550
11 138
84
-16
337
178
0,5
-0,1
2,0
1,6
8 507
6 288
1 475
503
241
2 454
6 253
1 025
5 228
8 402
6 278
1 375
496
254
2 607
6 289
1 112
5 177
8 465
6 260
1 456
463
286
2 638
6 279
1 136
5 143
8 540
6 367
1 467
479
227
2 614
6 313
1 176
5 137
8 643
6 329
1 524
514
276
2 495
6 412
1 127
5 285
104
-38
57
35
49
-120
100
-49
148
136
41
49
11
36
41
159
102
57
1,2
-0,6
3,9
7,3
21,6
-4,6
1,6
-4,1
2,9
1,6
0,6
3,3
2,2
14,8
1,7
2,5
9,9
1,1
22,4
49,4
63,7
23,7
48,6
63,6
23,8
48,7
63,9
23,4
48,9
63,9
22,4
49,2
63,5
-1,0
0,3
-0,4
0,0
-0,2
-0,2
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
4
Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Black African
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Coloured
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
35 022
20 007
15 177
4 830
15 015
35 177
20 122
15 055
5 067
15 055
35 332
20 248
15 094
5 154
15 084
35 489
20 268
15 117
5 151
15 221
35 643
20 228
15 320
4 909
15 415
155
-39
203
-242
194
622
221
143
79
400
0,4
-0,2
1,3
-4,7
1,3
1,8
1,1
0,9
1,6
2,7
24,1
43,3
57,1
25,2
42,8
57,2
25,5
42,7
57,3
25,4
42,6
57,1
24,3
43,0
56,8
-1,1
0,4
-0,3
0,2
-0,3
-0,3
27 679
15 215
11 091
4 124
12 464
27 827
15 313
10 955
4 358
12 514
27 975
15 447
11 072
4 375
12 528
28 125
15 450
11 038
4 413
12 675
28 274
15 441
11 248
4 193
12 834
149
-10
210
-220
159
595
225
157
69
370
0,5
-0,1
1,9
-5,0
1,3
2,2
1,5
1,4
1,7
3,0
27,1
40,1
55,0
28,5
39,4
55,0
28,3
39,6
55,2
28,6
39,2
54,9
27,2
39,8
54,6
-1,4
0,6
-0,3
0,1
-0,3
-0,4
3 259
2 102
1 619
483
1 157
3 270
2 121
1 622
499
1 149
3 282
2 144
1 601
543
1 138
3 293
2 158
1 639
520
1 135
3 304
2 118
1 632
486
1 186
11
-41
-6
-34
51
45
16
13
3
29
0,3
-1,9
-0,4
-6,6
4,5
1,4
0,8
0,8
0,5
2,5
23,0
49,7
64,5
23,5
49,6
64,9
25,3
48,8
65,3
24,1
49,8
65,5
22,9
49,4
64,1
-1,2
-0,4
-1,4
-0,1
-0,3
-0,4
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
5
Table 2.1: Labour force characteristics by population group (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
956
563
959
563
962
552
965
573
968
574
3
1
12
11
0,3
0,2
1,3
2,0
492
71
393
493
70
396
485
67
410
507
66
392
506
69
394
-1
2
2
13
-2
1
-0,2
3,7
0,4
2,7
-2,9
0,2
12,5
51,5
58,9
12,4
51,4
58,7
12,1
50,5
57,4
11,5
52,5
59,3
11,9
52,2
59,3
0,4
-0,3
0,0
-0,6
0,7
0,4
3 128
2 127
1 975
152
1 001
3 120
2 124
1 985
139
996
3 113
2 105
1 936
170
1 008
3 105
2 086
1 933
153
1 019
3 097
2 096
1 934
162
1 002
-8
10
0
9
-17
-31
-31
-41
10
1
-0,2
0,5
0,0
6,1
-1,7
-1,0
-1,5
-2,1
6,2
0,1
7,2
63,1
68,0
6,6
63,6
68,1
8,1
62,2
67,6
7,3
62,3
67,2
7,7
62,4
67,7
0,4
0,1
0,5
0,5
-0,7
-0,3
Indian/Asian
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
White
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
6
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by age group
15–64 years
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
15–24 years
Population 15–24 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
25–34 years
Population 25–34 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
35 022
20 007
15 177
4 830
15 015
35 177
20 122
15 055
5 067
15 055
35 332
20 248
15 094
5 154
15 084
35 489
20 268
15 117
5 151
15 221
35 643
20 228
15 320
4 909
15 415
155
-39
203
-242
194
622
221
143
79
400
0,4
-0,2
1,3
-4,7
1,3
1,8
1,1
0,9
1,6
2,7
24,1
43,3
57,1
25,2
42,8
57,2
25,5
42,7
57,3
25,4
42,6
57,1
24,3
43,0
56,8
-1,1
0,4
-0,3
0,2
-0,3
-0,3
10 225
2 604
1 330
1 274
7 620
10 239
2 617
1 226
1 391
7 622
10 253
2 661
1 284
1 378
7 592
10 264
2 573
1 252
1 320
7 692
10 272
2 523
1 291
1 231
7 750
8
-50
39
-89
58
48
-82
-39
-43
130
0,1
-1,9
3,1
-6,8
0,8
0,5
-3,1
-2,9
-3,3
1,7
48,9
13,0
25,5
53,2
12,0
25,6
51,8
12,5
26,0
51,3
12,2
25,1
48,8
12,6
24,6
-2,5
0,4
-0,5
-0,1
-0,4
-0,9
9 226
6 795
4 872
1 922
2 431
9 266
6 773
4 775
1 998
2 493
9 306
6 743
4 729
2 014
2 563
9 346
6 879
4 725
2 154
2 467
9 386
6 824
4 803
2 020
2 562
40
-55
78
-134
95
160
29
-69
98
131
0,4
-0,8
1,7
-6,2
3,9
1,7
0,4
-1,4
5,1
5,4
28,3
52,8
73,7
29,5
51,5
73,1
29,9
50,8
72,5
31,3
50,6
73,6
29,6
51,2
72,7
-1,7
0,6
-0,9
1,3
-1,6
-1,0
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
7
Table 2.2: Labour force characteristics by age group (concluded)
35–44 years
Population 35–44 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
45–54 years
Population 45–54 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
55–64 years
Population 55–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
7 309
5 688
4 625
1 063
1 621
7 357
5 747
4 664
1 083
1 610
7 406
5 791
4 657
1 134
1 615
7 454
5 766
4 676
1 090
1 688
7 501
5 858
4 742
1 116
1 643
47
93
66
26
-46
192
170
117
53
22
0,6
1,6
1,4
2,4
-2,7
2,6
3,0
2,5
5,0
1,3
18,7
63,3
77,8
18,9
63,4
78,1
19,6
62,9
78,2
18,9
62,7
77,3
19,0
63,2
78,1
0,1
0,5
0,8
0,3
-0,1
0,3
4 960
3 474
3 024
449
1 486
4 985
3 506
3 027
479
1 478
5 009
3 574
3 061
513
1 435
5 037
3 537
3 070
467
1 501
5 069
3 564
3 126
438
1 505
32
27
56
-29
4
109
90
102
-12
19
0,6
0,8
1,8
-6,2
0,3
2,2
2,6
3,4
-2,6
1,3
12,9
61,0
70,0
13,7
60,7
70,3
14,4
61,1
71,4
13,2
60,9
70,2
12,3
61,7
70,3
-0,9
0,8
0,1
-0,6
0,7
0,3
3 303
1 446
1 324
122
1 857
3 331
1 478
1 363
115
1 852
3 358
1 479
1 363
115
1 880
3 387
1 514
1 394
120
1 873
3 415
1 460
1 357
104
1 955
28
-54
-37
-17
82
112
14
32
-18
98
0,8
-3,5
-2,7
-13,9
4,4
3,4
1,0
2,4
-15,1
5,3
8,4
40,1
43,8
7,8
40,9
44,4
7,8
40,6
44,0
7,9
41,2
44,7
7,1
39,7
42,8
-0,8
-1,5
-1,9
-1,3
-0,4
-1,0
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
8
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
35 022
20 007
15 177
4 830
15 015
2 200
12 815
35 177
20 122
15 055
5 067
15 055
2 355
12 700
35 332
20 248
15 094
5 154
15 084
2 419
12 665
35 489
20 268
15 117
5 151
15 221
2 514
12 707
35 643
20 228
15 320
4 909
15 415
2 403
13 012
155
-39
203
-242
194
-111
305
622
221
143
79
400
203
198
0,4
-0,2
1,3
-4,7
1,3
-4,4
2,4
1,8
1,1
0,9
1,6
2,7
9,2
1,5
24,1
43,3
57,1
25,2
42,8
57,2
25,5
42,7
57,3
25,4
42,6
57,1
24,3
43,0
56,8
-1,1
0,4
-0,3
0,2
-0,3
-0,3
4 130
2 829
2 235
593
1 302
18
1 284
4 153
2 829
2 237
593
1 324
31
1 293
4 176
2 867
2 192
675
1 309
34
1 275
4 200
2 857
2 182
675
1 343
40
1 303
4 223
2 813
2 170
643
1 410
22
1 388
23
-44
-12
-32
67
-18
85
92
-16
-65
50
108
4
104
0,6
-1,5
-0,5
-4,8
5,0
-44,6
6,5
2,2
-0,5
-2,9
8,4
8,3
24,3
8,1
21,0
54,1
68,5
20,9
53,8
68,1
23,5
52,5
68,7
23,6
51,9
68,0
22,9
51,4
66,6
-0,7
-0,5
-1,4
1,9
-2,7
-1,9
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
9
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
4 056
1 844
4 065
1 888
4 073
1 948
4 081
1 953
4 089
1 884
8
-68
33
40
0,2
-3,5
0,8
2,2
1 332
513
2 212
447
1 765
1 332
556
2 177
445
1 732
1 355
592
2 125
442
1 684
1 377
576
2 129
422
1 706
1 336
549
2 205
372
1 833
-42
-27
76
-50
127
4
36
-7
-75
68
-3,0
-4,6
3,6
-11,9
7,4
0,3
7,1
-0,3
-16,8
3,9
27,8
32,8
45,5
29,4
32,8
46,4
30,4
33,3
47,8
29,5
33,7
47,8
29,1
32,7
46,1
-0,4
-1,0
-1,7
1,3
-0,1
0,6
751
439
329
109
313
44
268
754
434
308
126
319
41
278
756
439
297
142
318
41
277
759
430
302
128
329
38
291
761
450
320
129
312
46
265
2
19
18
1
-17
9
-26
10
11
-9
20
-1
2
-3
0,3
4,5
5,9
1,1
-5,2
23,1
-8,8
1,3
2,4
-2,7
18,0
-0,3
4,1
-1,0
24,9
43,8
58,4
29,0
40,9
57,6
32,3
39,3
58,0
29,7
39,8
56,7
28,7
42,1
59,1
-1,0
2,3
2,4
3,8
-1,7
0,7
Eastern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Northern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
10
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
1 848
1 112
746
367
736
93
643
1 852
1 107
724
384
744
78
667
1 855
1 147
745
401
708
76
632
1 858
1 154
755
399
705
78
627
1 862
1 138
772
367
723
77
647
3
-15
17
-32
18
-1
19
14
26
26
0
-13
-16
4
0,2
-1,3
2,3
-8,1
2,6
-1,2
3,1
0,7
2,4
3,5
0,0
-1,7
-17,4
0,5
33,0
40,3
60,2
34,7
39,1
59,8
35,0
40,2
61,8
34,6
40,6
62,1
32,2
41,5
61,1
-2,4
0,9
-1,0
-0,8
1,2
0,9
6 549
3 154
2 527
627
3 395
573
2 822
6 572
3 186
2 527
659
3 386
620
2 766
6 596
3 249
2 480
769
3 347
615
2 732
6 619
3 187
2 419
768
3 432
638
2 794
6 643
3 183
2 520
663
3 460
616
2 844
24
-4
101
-105
28
-22
50
94
29
-7
36
65
43
22
0,4
-0,1
4,2
-13,7
0,8
-3,4
1,8
1,4
0,9
-0,3
5,7
1,9
7,6
0,8
19,9
38,6
48,2
20,7
38,4
48,5
23,7
37,6
49,3
24,1
36,5
48,1
20,8
37,9
47,9
-3,3
1,4
-0,2
0,9
-0,7
-0,3
Free State
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu-Natal
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
11
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
2 356
1 194
2 367
1 203
2 378
1 188
2 389
1 258
2 400
1 268
11
10
44
74
0,5
0,8
1,9
6,2
869
326
1 162
236
926
870
333
1 164
245
919
879
309
1 190
252
938
921
338
1 131
229
902
948
320
1 132
225
907
28
-18
1
-4
5
80
-6
-30
-10
-19
3,0
-5,3
0,1
-1,6
0,5
9,2
-1,8
-2,6
-4,4
-2,1
27,3
36,9
50,7
27,7
36,8
50,8
26,0
37,0
49,9
26,8
38,5
52,7
25,2
39,5
52,8
-1,6
1,0
0,1
-2,1
2,6
2,1
9 195
6 452
4 823
1 629
2 743
251
2 492
9 249
6 463
4 794
1 669
2 786
310
2 475
9 304
6 368
4 803
1 565
2 936
349
2 587
9 359
6 388
4 820
1 569
2 971
391
2 580
9 414
6 473
4 881
1 593
2 941
379
2 562
55
85
61
24
-30
-13
-18
219
22
58
-36
197
128
70
0,6
1,3
1,3
1,5
-1,0
-3,2
-0,7
2,4
0,3
1,2
-2,2
7,2
50,8
2,8
25,2
52,5
70,2
25,8
51,8
69,9
24,6
51,6
68,4
24,6
51,5
68,3
24,6
51,8
68,8
0,0
0,3
0,5
-0,6
-0,7
-1,4
North West
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
12
Table 2.3: Labour force characteristics by province (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
2 669
1 577
2 683
1 619
2 696
1 598
2 710
1 606
2 723
1 550
13
-56
54
-27
0,5
-3,5
2,0
-1,7
1 149
429
1 092
214
878
1 127
492
1 064
207
856
1 127
471
1 098
226
871
1 135
471
1 104
259
845
1 138
412
1 173
262
911
3
-59
69
3
66
-11
-17
81
48
33
0,2
-12,5
6,3
1,3
7,8
-0,9
-3,9
7,4
22,6
3,7
27,2
43,0
59,1
30,4
42,0
60,4
29,5
41,8
59,3
29,3
41,9
59,3
26,6
41,8
56,9
-2,7
-0,1
-2,4
-0,6
-1,2
-2,2
3 466
1 406
1 168
238
2 060
324
1 736
3 482
1 392
1 136
256
2 090
377
1 713
3 497
1 445
1 214
230
2 053
383
1 669
3 513
1 434
1 206
229
2 078
419
1 659
3 528
1 469
1 235
234
2 059
403
1 656
15
34
29
5
-19
-16
-3
62
63
67
-4
-1
79
-80
0,4
2,4
2,4
2,2
-0,9
-3,9
-0,2
1,8
4,5
5,8
-1,8
0,0
24,4
-4,6
16,9
33,7
40,6
18,4
32,6
40,0
15,9
34,7
41,3
15,9
34,3
40,8
15,9
35,0
41,6
0,0
0,7
0,8
-1,0
1,3
1,0
Mpumalanga
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Limpopo
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
13
Table 2.4: Labour force characteristics by sex – Expanded definition of unemployment
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
35 022
22 983
15 177
10 773
2 446
713
1 244
7 807
12 038
35 177
23 212
15 055
10 780
2 336
709
1 231
8 157
11 964
35 332
23 426
15 094
10 755
2 379
670
1 290
8 332
11 906
35 489
23 552
15 117
10 843
2 407
686
1 180
8 436
11 936
35 643
23 416
15 320
10 911
2 448
742
1 219
8 096
12 227
155
-136
203
68
41
56
38
-339
291
622
433
143
138
2
28
-26
290
189
0,4
-0,6
1,3
0,6
1,7
8,2
3,2
-4,0
2,4
1,8
1,9
0,9
1,3
0,1
4,0
-2,1
3,7
1,6
34,0
43,3
65,6
35,1
42,8
66,0
35,6
42,7
66,3
35,8
42,6
66,4
34,6
43,0
65,7
-1,2
0,4
-0,7
0,6
-0,3
0,1
17 808
10 707
6 670
4 485
971
210
1 004
4 037
7 101
17 879
10 793
6 653
4 502
961
212
977
4 141
7 085
17 950
10 891
6 629
4 495
923
207
1 004
4 263
7 058
18 022
10 945
6 577
4 477
941
206
953
4 368
7 077
18 093
10 839
6 676
4 582
924
228
942
4 162
7 254
71
-106
100
106
-17
21
-11
-206
177
285
132
6
97
-47
17
-61
125
153
0,4
-1,0
1,5
2,4
-1,8
10,4
-1,1
-4,7
2,5
1,6
1,2
0,1
2,2
-4,8
8,3
-6,1
3,1
2,2
37,7
37,5
60,1
38,4
37,2
60,4
39,1
36,9
60,7
39,9
36,5
60,7
38,4
36,9
59,9
-1,5
0,4
-0,8
0,7
-0,6
-0,2
Both sexes
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Women
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
14
Table 2.4: Labour force characteristics by sex – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
17 214
12 277
17 298
12 419
17 382
12 534
17 467
12 607
17 550
12 577
84
-30
337
301
0,5
-0,2
2,0
2,4
8 507
6 288
1 475
503
241
3 770
4 937
8 402
6 278
1 375
496
254
4 017
4 879
8 465
6 260
1 456
463
286
4 069
4 847
8 540
6 367
1 467
479
227
4 068
4 859
8 643
6 329
1 524
514
276
3 934
4 973
104
-38
57
35
49
-134
114
136
41
49
11
36
164
36
1,2
-0,6
3,9
7,3
21,6
-3,3
2,3
1,6
0,6
3,3
2,2
14,8
4,4
0,7
30,7
49,4
71,3
32,3
48,6
71,8
32,5
48,7
72,1
32,3
48,9
72,2
31,3
49,2
71,7
-1,0
0,3
-0,5
0,6
-0,2
0,4
Men
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
15
Table 2.5: Labour force characteristics by population group – Expanded definition of unemployment
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
35 022
22 983
15 177
7 807
12 038
35 177
23 212
15 055
8 157
11 964
35 332
23 426
15 094
8 332
11 906
35 489
23 552
15 117
8 436
11 936
35 643
23 416
15 320
8 096
12 227
155
-136
203
-339
291
622
433
143
290
189
0,4
-0,6
1,3
-4,0
2,4
1,8
1,9
0,9
3,7
1,6
34,0
43,3
65,6
35,1
42,8
66,0
35,6
42,7
66,3
35,8
42,6
66,4
34,6
43,0
65,7
-1,2
0,4
-0,7
0,6
-0,3
0,1
27 679
18 021
11 091
6 930
9 658
27 827
18 215
10 955
7 260
9 612
27 975
18 421
11 072
7 349
9 554
28 125
18 528
11 038
7 491
9 597
28 274
18 444
11 248
7 196
9 830
149
-84
210
-294
233
595
423
157
266
172
0,5
-0,5
1,9
-3,9
2,4
2,2
2,3
1,4
3,8
1,8
38,5
40,1
65,1
39,9
39,4
65,5
39,9
39,6
65,8
40,4
39,2
65,9
39,0
39,8
65,2
-1,4
0,6
-0,7
0,5
-0,3
0,1
3 259
2 212
1 619
593
1 047
3 270
2 240
1 622
618
1 030
3 282
2 269
1 601
668
1 013
3 293
2 275
1 639
636
1 018
3 304
2 230
1 632
598
1 074
11
-45
-6
-38
56
45
18
13
5
27
0,3
-2,0
-0,4
-6,0
5,5
1,4
0,8
0,8
0,8
2,6
26,8
49,7
67,9
27,6
49,6
68,5
29,4
48,8
69,1
28,0
49,8
69,1
26,8
49,4
67,5
-1,2
-0,4
-1,6
0,0
-0,3
-0,4
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Black African
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Coloured
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
16
Table 2.5: Labour force characteristics by population group – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
956
594
492
102
362
959
599
493
105
360
962
590
485
104
372
965
600
507
93
365
968
607
506
102
361
3
8
-1
9
-5
12
13
13
0
-1
0,3
1,3
-0,2
9,3
-1,3
1,3
2,3
2,7
0,1
-0,4
17,1
51,5
62,1
17,6
51,4
62,4
17,7
50,5
61,3
15,5
52,5
62,2
16,8
52,2
62,7
1,3
-0,3
0,5
-0,3
0,7
0,6
3 128
2 156
3 120
2 158
3 113
2 146
3 105
2 149
3 097
2 134
-8
-15
-31
-22
-0,2
-0,7
-1,0
-1,0
1 975
182
972
1 985
173
962
1 936
211
966
1 933
216
956
1 934
201
963
0
-15
7
-41
19
-9
0,0
-7,1
0,7
-2,1
10,4
-0,9
8,4
63,1
68,9
8,0
63,6
69,2
9,8
62,2
69,0
10,0
62,3
69,2
9,4
62,4
68,9
-0,6
0,1
-0,3
1,0
-0,7
0,0
Indian/Asian
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
White
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
17
Table 2.6: Labour force characteristics by age group – Expanded definition of unemployment
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
35 022
22 983
15 177
7 807
12 038
35 177
23 212
15 055
8 157
11 964
35 332
23 426
15 094
8 332
11 906
35 489
23 552
15 117
8 436
11 936
35 643
23 416
15 320
8 096
12 227
155
-136
203
-339
291
622
433
143
290
189
0,4
-0,6
1,3
-4,0
2,4
1,8
1,9
0,9
3,7
1,6
34,0
43,3
65,6
35,1
42,8
66,0
35,6
42,7
66,3
35,8
42,6
66,4
34,6
43,0
65,7
-1,2
0,4
-0,7
0,6
-0,3
0,1
10 225
3 556
1 330
2 226
6 669
10 239
3 606
1 226
2 380
6 633
10 253
3 675
1 284
2 391
6 578
10 264
3 614
1 252
2 362
6 650
10 272
3 546
1 291
2 254
6 727
8
-68
39
-107
77
48
-10
-39
29
58
0,1
-1,9
3,1
-4,5
1,2
0,5
-0,3
-2,9
1,3
0,9
62,6
13,0
34,8
66,0
12,0
35,2
65,1
12,5
35,8
65,4
12,2
35,2
63,6
12,6
34,5
-1,8
0,4
-0,7
1,0
-0,4
-0,3
9 226
7 817
4 872
2 945
1 409
9 266
7 857
4 775
3 082
1 409
9 306
7 845
4 729
3 116
1 461
9 346
7 959
4 725
3 234
1 387
9 386
7 928
4 803
3 125
1 458
40
-31
78
-110
71
160
111
-69
180
49
0,4
-0,4
1,7
-3,4
5,1
1,7
1,4
-1,4
6,1
3,5
37,7
52,8
84,7
39,2
51,5
84,8
39,7
50,8
84,3
40,6
50,6
85,2
39,4
51,2
84,5
-1,2
0,6
-0,7
1,7
-1,6
-0,2
15–64 years
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
15–24 years
Population 15–24 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
25–34 years
Population 25–34 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
18
Table 2.6: Labour force characteristics by age group – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
7 309
6 252
4 625
1 627
1 057
7 357
6 311
4 664
1 647
1 046
7 406
6 366
4 657
1 709
1 040
7 454
6 414
4 676
1 738
1 040
7 501
6 446
4 742
1 704
1 055
47
32
66
-34
15
192
194
117
77
-2
0,6
0,5
1,4
-2,0
1,4
2,6
3,1
2,5
4,7
-0,2
26,0
63,3
85,5
26,1
63,4
85,8
26,8
62,9
86,0
27,1
62,7
86,0
26,4
63,2
85,9
-0,7
0,5
-0,1
0,4
-0,1
0,4
4 960
3 803
3 024
778
1 157
4 985
3 847
3 027
819
1 138
5 009
3 925
3 061
863
1 084
5 037
3 921
3 070
851
1 116
5 069
3 901
3 126
775
1 168
32
-20
56
-77
52
109
98
102
-4
11
0,6
-0,5
1,8
-9,0
4,6
2,2
2,6
3,4
-0,5
1,0
20,5
61,0
76,7
21,3
60,7
77,2
22,0
61,1
78,4
21,7
60,9
77,8
19,9
61,7
77,0
-1,8
0,8
-0,8
-0,6
0,7
0,3
3 303
1 556
1 324
231
1 747
3 331
1 592
1 363
228
1 739
3 358
1 615
1 363
252
1 743
3 387
1 644
1 394
251
1 742
3 415
1 596
1 357
239
1 820
28
-49
-37
-12
77
112
40
32
7
73
0,8
-3,0
-2,7
-4,7
4,4
3,4
2,6
2,4
3,2
4,2
14,9
40,1
47,1
14,4
40,9
47,8
15,6
40,6
48,1
15,2
41,2
48,6
15,0
39,7
46,7
-0,2
-1,5
-1,9
0,1
-0,4
-0,4
35–44 years
Population 35–44 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
45–54 years
Population 45–54 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
55–64 years
Population 55–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
19
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province – Expanded definition of unemployment
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
35 022
22 983
15 177
7 807
12 038
35 177
23 212
15 055
8 157
11 964
35 332
23 426
15 094
8 332
11 906
35 489
23 552
15 117
8 436
11 936
35 643
23 416
15 320
8 096
12 227
155
-136
203
-339
291
622
433
143
290
189
0,4
-0,6
1,3
-4,0
2,4
1,8
1,9
0,9
3,7
1,6
34,0
43,3
65,6
35,1
42,8
66,0
35,6
42,7
66,3
35,8
42,6
66,4
34,6
43,0
65,7
-1,2
0,4
-0,7
0,6
-0,3
0,1
4 130
2 868
2 235
633
1 262
4 153
2 890
2 237
653
1 263
4 176
2 937
2 192
745
1 239
4 200
2 928
2 182
747
1 271
4 223
2 876
2 170
705
1 347
23
-53
-12
-41
76
92
8
-65
73
85
0,6
-1,8
-0,5
-5,5
6,0
2,2
0,3
-2,9
11,5
6,7
22,1
54,1
69,4
22,6
53,8
69,6
25,4
52,5
70,3
25,5
51,9
69,7
24,5
51,4
68,1
-1,0
-0,5
-1,6
2,4
-2,7
-1,3
4 056
2 347
1 332
1 015
1 710
4 065
2 385
1 332
1 053
1 680
4 073
2 437
1 355
1 082
1 636
4 081
2 415
1 377
1 037
1 667
4 089
2 297
1 336
962
1 792
8
-117
-42
-76
125
33
-49
4
-53
82
0,2
-4,9
-3,0
-7,3
7,5
0,8
-2,1
0,3
-5,2
4,8
43,3
32,8
57,9
44,2
32,8
58,7
44,4
33,3
59,8
43,0
33,7
59,2
41,9
32,7
56,2
-1,1
-1,0
-3,0
-1,4
-0,1
-1,7
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
20
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
751
505
329
176
246
754
512
308
204
242
756
509
297
212
247
759
500
302
198
259
761
520
320
200
241
2
20
18
2
-18
10
15
-9
24
-6
0,3
4,1
5,9
1,2
-6,9
1,3
3,0
-2,7
13,8
-2,2
34,8
43,8
67,2
39,8
40,9
67,9
41,7
39,3
67,3
39,5
39,8
65,9
38,4
42,1
68,4
-1,1
2,3
2,5
3,6
-1,7
1,2
1 848
1 262
746
517
586
1 852
1 237
724
514
614
1 855
1 268
745
523
587
1 858
1 276
755
522
582
1 862
1 277
772
505
585
3
0
17
-17
3
14
14
26
-12
-1
0,2
0,0
2,3
-3,2
0,5
0,7
1,1
3,5
-2,3
-0,1
40,9
40,3
68,3
41,5
39,1
66,8
41,2
40,2
68,3
40,9
40,6
68,7
39,5
41,5
68,6
-1,4
0,9
-0,1
-1,4
1,2
0,3
6 549
3 960
2 527
1 433
2 589
.
36,2
38,6
60,5
6 572
4 037
2 527
1 510
2 536
.
37,4
38,4
61,4
6 596
4 114
2 480
1 633
2 482
.
39,7
37,6
62,4
6 619
4 088
2 419
1 669
2 532
.
40,8
36,5
61,8
6 643
4 058
2 520
1 539
2 585
.
37,9
37,9
61,1
24
-30
101
-130
53
.
-2,9
1,4
-0,7
94
98
-7
105
-4
.
1,7
-0,7
0,6
0,4
-0,7
4,2
-7,8
2,1
.
1,4
2,5
-0,3
7,3
-0,2
.
Northern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu-Natal
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
21
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province – Expanded definition of unemployment (continued)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
2 356
1 504
869
635
852
2 367
1 515
870
645
852
2 378
1 522
879
643
856
2 389
1 583
921
662
806
2 400
1 581
948
633
819
11
-1
28
-29
13
44
77
80
-2
-33
0,5
-0,1
3,0
-4,4
1,6
1,9
5,1
9,2
-0,4
-3,9
42,2
36,9
63,8
42,6
36,8
64,0
42,3
37,0
64,0
41,8
38,5
66,2
40,0
39,5
65,9
-1,8
1,0
-0,3
-2,2
2,6
2,1
9 195
6 786
4 823
1 964
2 408
9 249
6 829
4 794
2 035
2 420
9 304
6 762
4 803
1 959
2 542
9 359
6 848
4 820
2 028
2 512
9 414
6 929
4 881
2 049
2 485
55
82
61
21
-27
219
143
58
85
76
0,6
1,2
1,3
1,0
-1,1
2,4
2,1
1,2
4,3
3,2
28,9
52,5
73,8
29,8
51,8
73,8
29,0
51,6
72,7
29,6
51,5
73,2
29,6
51,8
73,6
0,0
0,3
0,4
0,7
-0,7
-0,2
2 669
1 922
1 149
773
747
2 683
1 938
1 127
812
744
2 696
1 952
1 127
824
744
2 710
1 957
1 135
821
753
2 723
1 912
1 138
774
811
13
-45
3
-48
58
54
-10
-11
0
64
0,5
-2,3
0,2
-5,8
7,8
2,0
-0,5
-0,9
0,0
8,6
40,2
43,0
72,0
41,9
42,0
72,3
42,2
41,8
72,4
42,0
41,9
72,2
40,5
41,8
70,2
-1,5
-0,1
-2,0
0,3
-1,2
-1,8
North West
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Mpumalanga
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
22
Table 2.7: Labour force characteristics by province – Expanded definition of unemployment (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
3 466
1 828
3 482
1 868
3 497
1 925
3 513
1 958
3 528
1 965
15
7
62
137
0,4
0,4
1,8
7,5
1 168
660
1 638
1 136
732
1 613
1 214
711
1 572
1 206
752
1 555
1 235
730
1 562
29
-22
8
67
70
-75
2,4
-2,9
0,5
5,8
10,6
-4,6
36,1
33,7
52,8
39,2
32,6
53,7
36,9
34,7
55,1
38,4
34,3
55,7
37,2
35,0
55,7
-1,2
0,7
0,0
1,1
1,3
2,9
Limpopo
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Note: 'Employment' refers to market production activities.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
23
Table 3.1: Employed by industry and sex – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
15 177
713
426
1 766
127
1 204
3 224
961
2 037
3 470
1 244
3
15 055
709
424
1 804
130
1 199
3 186
895
2 045
3 428
1 231
3
15 094
670
419
1 745
118
1 182
3 179
947
2 012
3 531
1 290
3
15 117
686
441
1 741
118
1 280
3 197
933
2 024
3 514
1 180
3
15 320
742
427
1 749
104
1 334
3 247
952
2 039
3 501
1 219
7
203
56
-14
9
-15
53
50
19
15
-12
38
4
143
28
1
-17
-23
130
22
-10
2
31
-26
4
1,3
8,2
-3,2
0,5
-12,5
4,2
1,6
2,0
0,7
-0,4
3,2
120,0
0,9
4,0
0,3
-1,0
-18,3
10,8
0,7
-1,0
0,1
0,9
-2,1
138,3
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
6 670
210
57
569
35
143
1 582
165
839
2 065
1 004
2
6 653
212
70
579
28
141
1 558
176
861
2 047
977
2
6 629
207
75
567
25
124
1 499
173
838
2 115
1 004
2
6 577
206
76
528
30
131
1 476
183
859
2 131
953
2
6 676
228
70
551
30
162
1 522
189
839
2 144
942
2
100
21
-7
23
0
31
46
5
-21
12
-11
-1
6
17
13
-18
-5
19
-60
23
0
79
-61
1,5
10,4
-8,7
4,3
0,4
23,7
3,1
2,8
-2,4
0,6
-1,1
-30,1
0,1
8,3
22,7
-3,2
-14,5
13,2
-3,8
14,0
0,0
3,8
-6,1
-12,8
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
8 507
503
369
1 197
92
1 061
1 643
796
1 199
1 405
241
1
8 402
496
354
1 225
101
1 058
1 629
719
1 184
1 381
254
1
8 465
463
344
1 177
94
1 057
1 679
775
1 173
1 416
286
1
8 540
479
365
1 212
89
1 150
1 721
749
1 165
1 382
227
1
8 643
514
358
1 199
74
1 172
1 725
763
1 200
1 358
276
5
104
35
-7
-14
-15
22
4
14
35
-24
49
4
136
11
-12
1
-18
111
82
-33
2
-48
36
4
1,2
7,3
-2,0
-1,1
-16,9
2,0
0,2
1,8
3,0
-1,8
21,6
712,0
1,6
2,2
-3,1
0,1
-19,8
10,5
5,0
-4,1
0,1
-3,4
14,8
479,2
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
24
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Agriculture
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
713
162
67
45
70
96
42
53
77
102
709
160
66
46
57
96
43
63
82
96
670
142
71
32
62
85
46
56
81
95
686
133
88
37
54
79
39
62
83
111
742
131
88
60
54
102
42
55
89
121
56
-3
0
24
-1
23
3
-7
7
10
28
-31
21
15
-16
5
0
2
13
19
8,2
-2,0
0,0
64,3
-1,0
28,9
8,6
-11,3
7,9
9,1
4,0
-19,0
30,6
32,8
-23,3
5,6
0,2
4,0
16,8
19,1
Mining
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
426
3
1
20
25
6
163
49
89
69
424
4
2
20
27
5
153
45
98
70
419
6
5
18
29
6
139
49
99
69
441
4
.
19
28
8
167
55
90
70
427
3
1
20
26
4
150
74
76
73
-14
-1
.
2
-2
-4
-18
19
-14
3
1
0
.
1
-2
-13
24
-12
4
-3,2
-28,3
.
8,3
-7,9
-47,1
-10,5
34,4
-15,5
4,5
0,3
-7,8
29,8
1,0
2,3
-32,5
-8,2
49,4
-14,0
5,8
Manufacturing
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
1 766
318
146
9
58
345
81
654
76
78
1 804
346
148
10
56
361
65
644
96
79
1 745
325
143
9
62
329
61
617
108
89
1 741
276
130
10
81
343
74
642
103
81
1 749
287
135
11
76
362
76
618
93
92
9
11
4
1
-5
19
2
-25
-10
11
-17
-31
-11
2
17
17
-5
-37
17
13
0,5
4,1
3,3
11,4
-6,2
5,7
2,3
-3,8
-9,8
13,1
-1,0
-9,8
-7,5
27,3
30,1
4,9
-6,4
-5,6
22,1
17,0
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
25
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (continued)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Utilities
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
127
17
12
2
3
9
3
37
30
14
130
15
5
2
3
22
4
36
31
13
118
16
13
3
4
18
1
30
23
10
118
12
8
2
3
20
3
47
17
7
104
9
8
2
5
17
2
37
14
8
-15
-3
1
0
2
-3
0
-9
-2
1
-23
-8
-4
0
3
8
0
0
-16
-6
-12,5
-22,8
7,1
-17,6
55,4
-13,4
-9,8
-20,3
-14,7
10,8
-18,3
-44,9
-32,2
-19,4
104,7
93,7
-16,0
0,3
-52,6
-43,5
Construction
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
1 204
163
151
23
47
221
59
310
98
132
1 199
154
122
22
52
247
56
358
80
107
1 182
158
154
22
48
241
51
307
88
113
1 280
169
149
25
53
241
53
364
112
115
1 334
190
131
29
54
280
56
366
110
118
53
22
-18
4
1
39
3
2
-2
3
130
27
-20
6
7
59
-3
56
12
-15
4,2
12,8
-12,3
14,8
1,7
16,2
6,2
0,6
-1,7
2,8
10,8
16,8
-13,3
28,4
15,0
26,6
-5,1
18,0
12,5
-11,1
Trade
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
3 224
496
263
51
139
567
163
1 011
265
271
3 186
474
287
45
148
570
172
988
243
258
3 179
450
260
49
151
550
174
997
237
313
3 197
487
299
43
154
511
164
991
234
313
3 247
466
289
47
170
530
177
1 002
254
312
50
-21
-10
5
16
18
13
11
20
-2
22
-30
26
-3
32
-37
14
-9
-11
41
1,6
-4,3
-3,2
11,0
10,5
3,6
7,7
1,1
8,5
-0,6
0,7
-6,0
9,8
-6,7
22,9
-6,5
8,7
-0,9
-4,3
15,2
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
26
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (continued)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Transport
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
961
133
88
21
35
198
31
359
51
46
895
142
85
10
36
178
30
318
52
43
947
153
79
8
32
184
26
373
51
43
933
139
85
7
33
173
34
358
58
45
952
133
68
7
32
169
36
396
55
56
19
-6
-18
0
-1
-3
2
37
-3
10
-10
1
-20
-14
-2
-29
5
36
4
10
2,0
-4,0
-20,6
-3,9
-2,9
-2,0
6,8
10,5
-5,7
23,0
-1,0
0,5
-22,9
-66,3
-6,4
-14,7
15,3
10,1
7,6
21,1
Finance
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
2 037
361
108
30
70
282
63
930
134
60
2 045
352
115
27
58
274
60
972
122
66
2 012
366
111
26
67
243
70
960
105
62
2 024
362
115
24
67
237
73
963
125
59
2 039
362
107
20
58
254
78
974
129
57
15
0
-8
-4
-9
18
6
10
4
-1
2
2
-1
-11
-12
-28
15
44
-6
-2
0,7
0,1
-7,2
-16,9
-14,1
7,5
7,7
1,1
3,1
-2,5
0,1
0,4
-0,6
-35,0
-17,2
-9,8
23,6
4,7
-4,2
-3,8
Community and social services
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
3 470
445
378
102
213
572
192
1 057
229
284
3 428
448
388
98
206
561
216
1 002
213
296
3 531
425
396
102
206
594
224
1 046
233
303
3 514
462
388
102
207
599
234
990
231
302
3 501
465
392
92
221
574
238
999
220
299
-12
4
4
-10
15
-25
5
10
-11
-3
31
20
14
-10
9
2
47
-57
-8
15
-0,4
0,8
1,1
-10,0
7,1
-4,2
2,0
1,0
-4,7
-1,1
0,9
4,5
3,8
-10,1
4,0
0,3
24,4
-5,4
-3,7
5,4
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
27
Table 3.2: Employed by industry and province (concluded)
Private households
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
1 244
1 231
1 290
1 180
139
118
26
86
231
72
360
100
112
143
113
27
80
213
72
364
109
108
151
124
28
83
230
88
365
102
119
139
114
34
73
210
80
345
82
103
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
1 219
38
-26
3,2
-2,1
123
116
31
75
228
93
355
97
100
-16
2
-3
2
18
12
10
15
-3
-16
-1
5
-11
-3
21
-5
-3
-12
-11,3
1,7
-7,8
2,4
8,6
15,2
2,9
18,1
-2,4
-11,4
-1,1
18,0
-13,0
-1,1
28,8
-1,4
-2,7
-10,9
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
28
Table 3.3: Employed by sector and industry – South Africa
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2013
2014
Thousand
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Total employed
Formal and informal sector (nonagricultural)
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Other
15 177
15 055
15 094
15 117
15 320
203
143
1,3
0,9
13 219
426
1 766
127
1 204
3 224
961
2 037
3 470
3
13 116
424
1 804
130
1 199
3 186
895
2 045
3 428
3
13 134
419
1 745
118
1 182
3 179
947
2 012
3 531
3
13 250
441
1 741
118
1 280
3 197
933
2 024
3 514
3
13 359
427
1 749
104
1 334
3 247
952
2 039
3 501
7
109
-14
9
-15
53
50
19
15
-12
4
140
1
-17
-23
130
22
-10
2
31
4
0,8
-3,2
0,5
-12,5
4,2
1,6
2,0
0,7
-0,4
120,0
1,1
0,3
-1,0
-18,3
10,8
0,7
-1,0
0,1
0,9
138,3
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Other
10 773
422
1 538
126
820
2 192
715
1 879
3 079
3
10 780
421
1 586
126
880
2 157
696
1 876
3 033
3
10 755
416
1 545
114
811
2 144
741
1 841
3 141
2
10 843
439
1 527
117
877
2 192
716
1 854
3 119
3
10 911
423
1 546
101
884
2 239
735
1 862
3 114
7
68
-15
19
-17
7
48
20
8
-5
4
138
1
8
-25
64
47
20
-17
35
4
0,6
-3,5
1,2
-14,1
0,8
2,2
2,7
0,4
-0,2
120,0
1,3
0,3
0,5
-19,9
7,8
2,2
2,8
-0,9
1,1
138,3
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Other
2 446
4
228
1
384
1 032
246
159
391
2 336
3
218
3
319
1 029
199
169
395
2 379
3
200
4
370
1 035
207
170
390
1
2 407
2
213
1
403
1 005
217
171
394
2 448
4
203
3
450
1 008
216
177
387
41
1
-10
2
47
3
0
6
-7
2
0
-25
2
66
-25
-30
18
-4
1,7
63,0
-4,7
127,8
11,6
0,3
-0,2
3,7
-1,9
0,1
3,0
-10,8
145,5
17,1
-2,4
-12,2
11,5
-1,1
Agriculture
Private households
713
1 244
709
1 231
670
1 290
686
1 180
742
1 219
56
38
28
-26
8,2
3,2
4,0
-2,1
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
29
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
South Africa
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
15 177
10 773
2 446
713
1 244
15 055
10 780
2 336
709
1 231
15 094
10 755
2 379
670
1 290
15 117
10 843
2 407
686
1 180
15 320
10 911
2 448
742
1 219
203
68
41
56
38
143
138
2
28
-26
1,3
0,6
1,7
8,2
3,2
0,9
1,3
0,1
4,0
-2,1
Western Cape
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2 235
1 739
196
162
139
2 237
1 729
205
160
143
2 192
1 691
208
142
151
2 182
1 681
228
133
139
2 170
1 695
221
131
123
-12
14
-7
-3
-16
-65
-44
25
-31
-16
-0,5
0,8
-3,0
-2,0
-11,3
-2,9
-2,5
12,9
-19,0
-11,4
Eastern Cape
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 332
843
304
67
118
1 332
851
301
66
113
1 355
875
286
71
124
1 377
865
310
88
114
1 336
843
288
88
116
-42
-22
-22
0
2
4
0
-15
21
-1
-3,0
-2,5
-7,0
0,0
1,7
0,3
0,0
-5,0
30,6
-1,1
Northern Cape
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
329
223
35
45
26
308
206
29
46
27
297
199
38
32
28
302
199
33
37
34
320
199
30
60
31
18
0
-3
24
-3
-9
-24
-5
15
5
5,9
-0,1
-8,6
64,3
-7,8
-2,7
-10,6
-14,4
32,8
18,0
Free State
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
746
493
96
70
86
724
484
103
57
80
745
495
105
62
83
755
499
128
54
73
772
507
136
54
75
17
8
8
-1
2
26
13
41
-16
-11
2,3
1,6
6,3
-1,0
2,4
3,5
2,7
42,4
-23,3
-13,0
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
30
Table 3.4: Employed by province and sector (concluded)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2013
2014
Thousand
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
KwaZulu-Natal
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2 527
1 766
434
96
231
2 527
1 741
478
96
213
2 480
1 715
450
85
230
2 419
1 671
459
79
210
2 520
1 721
469
102
228
101
50
10
23
18
-7
-46
35
5
-3
4,2
3,0
2,1
28,9
8,6
-0,3
-2,6
8,1
5,6
-1,1
North West
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
869
628
127
42
72
870
648
108
43
72
879
635
111
46
88
921
692
110
39
80
948
697
117
42
93
28
5
8
3
12
80
69
-10
0
21
3,0
0,7
7,0
8,6
15,2
9,2
10,9
-7,9
0,2
28,8
Gauteng
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
4 823
3 758
651
53
360
4 794
3 808
559
63
364
4 803
3 794
587
56
365
4 820
3 851
561
62
345
4 881
3 863
607
55
355
61
12
46
-7
10
58
105
-44
2
-5
1,3
0,3
8,2
-11,3
2,9
1,2
2,8
-6,8
4,0
-1,4
Mpumalanga
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 149
709
264
77
100
1 127
677
258
82
109
1 127
678
266
81
102
1 135
733
238
83
82
1 138
715
237
89
97
3
-18
-1
7
15
-11
6
-27
13
-3
0,2
-2,4
-0,5
7,9
18,1
-0,9
0,9
-10,3
16,8
-2,7
Limpopo
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1 168
614
339
102
112
1 136
636
296
96
108
1 214
673
328
95
119
1 206
652
340
111
103
1 235
672
342
121
100
29
20
2
10
-3
67
58
3
19
-12
2,4
3,0
0,6
9,1
-2,4
5,8
9,4
0,8
19,1
-10,9
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
31
Table 3.5: Employed by sex and occupation – South Africa
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2013
2014
Thousand
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
Other
15 177
1 230
893
1 637
1 624
2 298
75
1 847
1 251
3 310
1 012
15 055
1 343
877
1 581
1 610
2 282
65
1 736
1 264
3 298
999
0
15 094
1 288
922
1 592
1 651
2 279
58
1 741
1 259
3 284
1 019
2
15 117
1 358
917
1 568
1 601
2 296
86
1 816
1 270
3 242
961
15 320
1 337
654
1 467
1 750
2 448
94
1 957
1 315
3 356
943
203
-22
-264
-102
148
152
9
141
45
114
-18
143
106
-239
-171
126
150
19
110
65
45
-69
1,3
-1,6
-28,7
-6,5
9,3
6,6
10,3
7,7
3,6
3,5
-1,9
0,9
8,6
-26,8
-10,4
7,8
6,5
25,7
6,0
5,2
1,4
-6,8
Women
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
Other
6 670
373
412
911
1 140
1 100
21
230
158
1 345
979
6 653
420
389
904
1 131
1 095
19
215
159
1 366
955
0
6 629
404
396
885
1 164
1 110
19
197
159
1 315
978
2
6 577
419
414
889
1 101
1 087
26
210
167
1 336
927
6 676
428
297
810
1 198
1 198
24
205
200
1 399
918
100
9
-117
-79
96
111
-2
-4
32
63
-9
6
55
-116
-101
57
98
3
-25
42
54
-61
1,5
2,0
-28,3
-8,9
8,8
10,2
-7,7
-2,1
19,3
4,7
-1,0
0,1
14,6
-28,0
-11,1
5,0
8,9
14,2
-10,7
26,5
4,0
-6,3
Men
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
8 507
857
481
727
483
1 198
54
1 617
1 093
1 965
32
8 402
923
488
677
479
1 187
46
1 521
1 104
1 932
43
8 465
884
526
706
487
1 170
39
1 544
1 100
1 968
41
8 540
939
504
679
500
1 209
60
1 606
1 103
1 905
34
8 643
909
357
657
552
1 250
70
1 751
1 116
1 956
25
104
-30
-147
-22
52
41
11
145
13
51
-9
136
52
-124
-70
69
52
16
135
23
-9
-7
1,2
-3,2
-29,1
-3,3
10,4
3,4
18,1
9,0
1,2
2,7
-27,0
1,6
6,0
-25,8
-9,6
14,2
4,3
30,1
8,3
2,1
-0,4
-22,7
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
32
Table 3.6: Employed by sex and status in employment – South Africa
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
Apr-Jun
2013
2014
2014
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Employee
Employer
Own-account worker
Unpaid household member
15 177
13 036
780
1 256
104
15 055
13 035
740
1 199
80
15 094
12 996
796
1 235
67
15 117
12 992
787
1 243
95
15 320
13 236
768
1 231
84
203
244
-18
-11
-12
143
200
-12
-25
-20
1,3
1,9
-2,3
-0,9
-12,3
0,9
1,5
-1,5
-2,0
-19,2
Women
Employee
Employer
Own-account worker
Unpaid household member
6 670
5 840
175
585
70
6 653
5 877
169
554
53
6 629
5 871
168
549
41
6 577
5 822
160
539
56
6 676
5 926
146
541
63
100
105
-13
2
7
6
86
-29
-45
-7
1,5
1,8
-8,2
0,3
11,5
0,1
1,5
-16,4
-7,6
-9,4
Men
Employee
Employer
Own-account worker
Unpaid household member
8 507
7 196
605
671
34
8 402
7 158
572
645
28
8 465
7 125
628
686
26
8 540
7 170
627
704
39
8 643
7 310
622
691
21
104
140
-5
-13
-18
136
113
17
20
-13
1,2
2,0
-0,8
-1,9
-46,6
1,6
1,6
2,8
2,9
-39,0
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
33
Table 3.7: Employed by sex and usual hours of work – South Africa
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2013
2014
Thousand
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Working less than 15 hours per week
Working 15–29 hours per week
Working 30–39 hours per week
Working 40–45 hours per week
Working more than 45 hours per week
15 177
326
944
1 101
8 386
4 418
15 055
294
863
1 077
8 514
4 305
15 094
342
936
1 056
8 427
4 332
15 117
345
889
1 062
8 564
4 256
15 320
306
911
1 085
8 602
4 416
203
-39
22
23
38
159
143
-20
-33
-16
216
-3
1,3
-11,2
2,4
2,1
0,4
3,7
0,9
-6,1
-3,5
-1,4
2,6
-0,1
Women
Working less than 15 hours per week
Working 15–29 hours per week
Working 30–39 hours per week
Working 40–45 hours per week
Working more than 45 hours per week
6 670
192
597
693
3 692
1 496
6 653
200
553
614
3 738
1 546
6 629
214
598
638
3 664
1 514
6 577
233
587
643
3 703
1 411
6 676
181
604
673
3 745
1 473
100
-52
16
30
42
62
6
-11
7
-20
53
-23
1,5
-22,2
2,8
4,7
1,1
4,4
0,1
-5,6
1,1
-2,9
1,4
-1,5
Men
Working less than 15 hours per week
Working 15–29 hours per week
Working 30–39 hours per week
Working 40–45 hours per week
Working more than 45 hours per week
8 507
134
347
408
4 694
2 923
8 402
94
310
463
4 776
2 759
8 465
128
338
418
4 763
2 818
8 540
112
302
420
4 861
2 846
8 643
125
307
412
4 857
2 942
104
13
5
-8
-4
97
136
-9
-40
4
163
20
1,2
11,5
1,8
-1,8
-0,1
3,4
1,6
-6,9
-11,5
1,0
3,5
0,7
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
34
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 036
6 187
6 612
237
13 035
6 377
6 426
231
12 996
6 324
6 415
257
12 992
6 347
6 379
266
13 236
6 496
6 553
188
244
148
174
-78
200
309
-60
-49
1,9
2,3
2,7
-29,3
1,5
5,0
-0,9
-20,8
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
5 840
2 565
3 166
109
5 877
2 703
3 077
97
5 871
2 620
3 142
109
5 822
2 632
3 087
103
5 926
2 687
3 172
67
105
55
85
-36
86
123
6
-42
1,8
2,1
2,8
-35,1
1,5
4,8
0,2
-38,7
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 196
3 622
3 446
128
7 158
3 674
3 350
134
7 125
3 704
3 273
148
7 170
3 715
3 292
163
7 310
3 808
3 381
121
140
93
89
-42
113
186
-65
-7
2,0
2,5
2,7
-25,7
1,6
5,1
-1,9
-5,5
13 036
8 107
4 761
168
13 035
8 439
4 446
150
12 996
8 368
4 449
180
12 992
8 437
4 371
183
13 236
8 519
4 595
122
244
82
224
-61
200
412
-166
-46
1,9
1,0
5,1
-33,6
1,5
5,1
-3,5
-27,6
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
5 840
3 538
2 230
72
5 877
3 696
2 121
60
5 871
3 628
2 164
79
5 822
3 660
2 087
75
5 926
3 698
2 182
46
105
38
95
-29
86
160
-48
-26
1,8
1,0
4,6
-38,2
1,5
4,5
-2,2
-36,1
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 196
4 569
2 532
96
7 158
4 743
2 325
90
7 125
4 739
2 285
101
7 170
4 777
2 284
108
7 310
4 821
2 413
76
140
44
129
-33
113
252
-118
-20
2,0
0,9
5,7
-30,3
1,6
5,5
-4,7
-21,2
Pension/retirement fund contribution
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Entitled to any paid leave
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
35
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 036
8 805
4 232
13 035
9 019
4 016
12 996
8 908
4 088
12 992
8 994
3 998
13 236
9 085
4 151
244
91
154
200
280
-80
1,9
1,0
3,8
1,5
3,2
-1,9
Women
5 840
5 877
5 871
5 822
5 926
105
86
1,8
1,5
Yes
No
3 882
1 958
3 943
1 934
3 885
1 986
3 930
1 891
3 965
1 961
34
70
83
3
0,9
3,7
2,1
0,2
Men
Yes
No
7 196
4 923
2 274
7 158
5 076
2 082
7 125
5 023
2 101
7 170
5 064
2 106
7 310
5 120
2 190
140
56
84
113
197
-84
2,0
1,1
4,0
1,6
4,0
-3,7
Entitled to paid sick leave
Both sexes
Yes
No
Entitled to maternity/paternity leave
Both sexes
13 036
13 035
12 996
12 992
13 236
244
200
1,9
1,5
Yes
No
6 783
6 253
6 936
6 099
6 796
6 200
7 035
5 956
7 183
6 053
148
97
400
-200
2,1
1,6
5,9
-3,2
Women
Yes
No
5 840
3 126
2 714
5 877
3 248
2 629
5 871
3 119
2 752
5 822
3 259
2 563
5 926
3 278
2 649
105
19
86
86
152
-66
1,8
0,6
3,4
1,5
4,9
-2,4
Men
7 196
7 158
7 125
7 170
7 310
140
113
2,0
1,6
Yes
No
3 658
3 539
3 688
3 470
3 678
3 447
3 776
3 394
3 905
3 405
129
11
248
-134
3,4
0,3
6,8
-3,8
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
36
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2013
2014
Thousand
Thousand
UIF contribution
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 036
7 931
4 890
216
13 035
8 027
4 787
222
12 996
7 824
4 912
260
12 992
7 893
4 858
240
13 236
8 159
4 892
185
244
266
34
-55
200
228
2
-30
1,9
3,4
0,7
-22,9
1,5
2,9
0,0
-13,9
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
5 840
3 259
2 476
105
5 877
3 300
2 487
90
5 871
3 217
2 535
119
5 822
3 210
2 497
115
5 926
3 349
2 486
91
105
139
-11
-24
86
91
10
-14
1,8
4,3
-0,4
-20,9
1,5
2,8
0,4
-13,7
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 196
4 672
2 414
110
7 158
4 727
2 300
131
7 125
4 606
2 377
141
7 170
4 683
2 361
126
7 310
4 810
2 406
95
140
127
44
-31
113
138
-8
-16
2,0
2,7
1,9
-24,7
1,6
2,9
-0,3
-14,2
13 036
4 026
8 883
128
13 035
4 071
8 819
145
12 996
4 057
8 784
155
12 992
4 135
8 702
154
13 236
4 157
8 976
103
244
22
274
-51
200
131
93
-25
1,9
0,5
3,1
-33,2
1,5
3,3
1,0
-19,2
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
5 840
1 721
4 058
61
5 877
1 771
4 054
52
5 871
1 742
4 061
68
5 822
1 765
4 003
54
5 926
1 798
4 093
35
105
33
90
-19
86
78
35
-26
1,8
1,9
2,3
-34,7
1,5
4,5
0,9
-42,5
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 196
2 305
4 825
67
7 158
2 301
4 764
93
7 125
2 315
4 723
87
7 170
2 370
4 700
100
7 310
2 358
4 884
68
140
-11
184
-33
113
54
58
1
2,0
-0,5
3,9
-32,4
1,6
2,3
1,2
2,2
Medical aid benefits
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
37
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2013
2014
Thousand
Thousand
Income tax (PAYE/ SITE) deduction
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 036
7 236
5 578
222
13 035
7 286
5 525
224
12 996
7 251
5 478
267
12 992
7 327
5 404
260
13 236
7 269
5 742
225
244
-58
338
-35
200
32
164
4
1,9
-0,8
6,3
-13,4
1,5
0,4
2,9
1,6
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
5 840
3 026
2 726
88
5 877
3 037
2 749
91
5 871
2 988
2 776
108
5 822
3 044
2 664
114
5 926
3 006
2 836
84
105
-38
173
-30
86
-20
110
-4
1,8
-1,2
6,5
-26,4
1,5
-0,7
4,1
-4,9
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 196
4 211
2 852
133
7 158
4 249
2 777
133
7 125
4 263
2 703
159
7 170
4 283
2 741
146
7 310
4 263
2 906
141
140
-21
165
-5
113
52
53
8
2,0
-0,5
6,0
-3,2
1,6
1,2
1,9
6,0
13 036
10 466
2 570
13 035
10 685
2 350
12 996
10 559
2 437
12 992
10 541
2 450
13 236
10 785
2 451
244
244
1
200
319
-119
1,9
2,3
0,0
1,5
3,0
-4,6
Women
Written contract
Verbal agreement
5 840
4 616
1 224
5 877
4 726
1 151
5 871
4 713
1 158
5 822
4 660
1 161
5 926
4 793
1 134
105
132
-28
86
177
-91
1,8
2,8
-2,4
1,5
3,8
-7,4
Men
Written contract
Verbal agreement
7 196
5 850
1 346
7 158
5 959
1 199
7 125
5 847
1 278
7 170
5 881
1 289
7 310
5 992
1 318
140
111
29
113
142
-29
2,0
1,9
2,2
1,6
2,4
-2,1
Condition of employment
Both sexes
Written contract
Verbal agreement
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
38
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
2013
2014
Thousand
Thousand
Nature of contract/agreement (both
sexes)
Both sexes
Limited duration
Permanent nature
Unspecified duration
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 036
1 975
8 046
3 015
13 035
1 944
8 165
2 926
12 996
2 001
8 123
2 871
12 992
2 019
8 174
2 799
13 236
2 010
8 277
2 949
244
-9
103
150
200
35
231
-66
1,9
-0,4
1,3
5,4
1,5
1,8
2,9
-2,2
Women
Limited duration
Permanent nature
Unspecified duration
5 840
906
3 491
1 443
5 877
933
3 577
1 367
5 871
967
3 516
1 388
5 822
970
3 512
1 340
5 926
972
3 590
1 364
104
2
78
24
86
66
99
-79
1,8
0,2
2,2
1,8
1,5
7,3
2,8
-5,5
Men
Limited duration
Permanent nature
Unspecified duration
7 196
1 069
4 555
1 572
7 158
1 011
4 588
1 559
7 125
1 035
4 607
1 483
7 170
1 049
4 662
1 459
7 310
1 037
4 688
1 585
140
-12
26
126
114
-32
133
13
2,0
-1,1
0,6
8,6
1,6
-3,0
2,9
0,8
13 036
3 728
8 950
358
13 035
3 670
9 011
354
12 996
3 718
8 891
386
12 992
3 863
8 716
413
13 236
3 900
9 012
324
244
37
296
-89
200
172
62
-34
1,9
1,0
3,4
-21,5
1,5
4,6
0,7
-9,5
Women
Yes
No
Don't know
5 840
1 522
4 178
140
5 877
1 505
4 237
135
5 871
1 514
4 209
148
5 822
1 565
4 085
171
5 926
1 593
4 217
115
104
28
132
-56
86
71
39
-25
1,8
1,8
3,2
-32,7
1,5
4,7
0,9
-17,9
Men
Yes
No
Don't know
7 196
2 206
4 772
218
7 158
2 164
4 775
219
7 125
2 205
4 683
238
7 170
2 298
4 630
242
7 310
2 307
4 795
208
140
9
165
-34
114
101
23
-10
2,0
0,4
3,6
-14,0
1,6
4,6
0,5
-4,6
Trade union membership (both
sexes)
Both sexes
Yes
No
Don't know
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
39
Table 3.8: Conditions of employment – South Africa (concluded)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr- toQtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13 036
1 294
2 884
1 073
7 019
705
61
13 035
1 185
2 761
1 195
7 169
672
53
12 996
1 330
2 762
1 124
6 990
732
58
12 992
1 205
3 000
1 156
6 861
718
51
13 236
1 221
2 983
1 134
7 052
786
61
244
16
-17
-22
191
68
10
200
-73
99
61
33
81
0
1,9
1,3
-0,6
-1,9
2,8
9,5
19,6
1,5
-5,6
3,4
5,7
0,5
11,5
0,0
Women
Individual and employer
Union and employer
Bargaining council
Employer only
No regular increment
Other
5 840
577
1 098
546
3 278
316
25
5 877
536
1 044
611
3 358
313
15
5 871
595
1 027
574
3 309
339
26
5 822
545
1 130
572
3 216
340
19
5 926
530
1 158
575
3 285
350
28
104
-15
28
3
69
10
9
86
-47
60
29
7
34
3
1,8
-2,8
2,5
0,5
2,1
2,9
47,4
1,5
-8,1
5,5
5,3
0,2
10,8
12,0
Men
7 196
7 158
7 125
7 170
7 310
140
114
2,0
1,6
717
1 786
528
3 741
389
36
649
1 717
585
3 811
359
38
735
1 735
550
3 681
393
32
660
1 870
584
3 645
378
32
691
1 824
559
3 767
436
33
31
-46
-25
122
58
1
-26
38
31
26
47
-3
4,7
-2,5
-4,3
3,3
15,3
3,1
-3,6
2,1
5,9
0,7
12,1
-8,3
How annual salary increment is
negotiated
Both sexes
Individual and employer
Union and employer
Bargaining council
Employer only
No regular increment
Other
Individual and employer
Union and employer
Bargaining council
Employer only
No regular increment
Other
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
40
Table 3.9: Time-related underemployment – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
-0,6
-3,7
4,2
-0,4
0,6
-1,9
Both sexes
Women
Men
626
364
262
578
347
232
602
343
259
627
380
247
623
366
257
-4
-14
10
-3
2
-5
As percentage of the labour force (both sexes)
Women
Men
3,1
4,0
2,4
2,9
3,8
2,1
3,0
3,8
2,3
3,1
4,2
2,2
3,1
4,0
2,3
0,0
-0,2
0,1
0,0
0,0
-0,1
As percentage of total employment (both sexes)
Women
Men
4,1
5,5
3,1
3,8
5,2
2,8
4,0
5,2
3,1
4,1
5,8
2,9
4,1
5,5
3,0
0,0
-0,3
0,1
0,0
0,0
-0,1
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
626
18
2
31
1
63
106
31
50
130
195
.
578
9
.
16
0
60
92
15
38
142
206
1
602
11
1
20
.
69
113
16
35
126
211
.
627
11
1
29
.
74
94
15
43
141
219
.
623
12
0
24
0
76
107
14
42
140
207
0
-4
1
-1
-5
.
2
13
-1
0
-1
-12
.
-3
-6
-1
-7
.
13
1
-17
-8
10
12
.
-0,6
10,1
-78,0
-15,9
.
2,7
13,4
-8,7
-0,8
-0,6
-5,6
.
-0,4
-33,8
-88,3
-21,5
-35,6
20,6
0,5
-54,2
-15,2
7,7
6,0
.
Occupation
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
626
18
15
28
25
68
6
75
19
233
139
578
10
10
32
28
58
0
58
9
222
151
602
14
8
29
16
57
3
65
9
253
148
627
14
15
24
20
59
3
76
11
247
158
623
17
3
33
18
61
2
74
10
257
147
-4
3
-11
9
-3
2
-1
-2
-1
10
-10
-3
-1
-11
5
-7
-7
-4
-1
-9
24
8
-0,6
20,6
-76,8
37,1
-13,7
3,1
-24,4
-2,2
-8,4
4,2
-6,5
-0,4
-4,8
-76,6
18,3
-28,8
-10,7
-61,8
-1,7
-45,8
10,4
6,0
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
41
Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
Unemployed
Job losers
Job leavers
New entrants
Re-entrants
Other
4 830
1 545
332
1 938
237
779
5 067
1 571
336
2 044
261
855
5 154
1 643
316
1 996
253
945
5 151
1 709
340
1 955
250
897
4 909
1 642
282
1 813
258
914
-242
-67
-59
-142
8
18
79
97
-50
-125
21
135
-4,7
-3,9
-17,2
-7,3
3,0
2,0
1,6
6,3
-15,1
-6,5
8,9
17,4
Unemployed
Long-term unemployment (1 year and more)
Short-term unemployment (less than 1 year)
4 830
3 207
1 623
5 067
3 342
1 725
5 154
3 389
1 765
5 151
3 398
1 753
4 909
3 235
1 674
-242
-163
-79
79
27
52
-4,7
-4,8
-4,5
1,6
0,8
3,2
16,0
66,4
16,6
66,0
16,7
65,8
16,8
66,0
16,0
65,9
-0,8
-0,1
0,0
-0,5
2 114
59
49
134
262
324
4
328
172
615
167
1
2 169
58
65
133
261
309
6
337
183
637
180
0
2 213
51
47
136
247
350
20
349
196
644
171
1
2 300
50
44
160
242
382
14
351
185
693
178
.
2 182
45
34
159
257
342
23
385
162
636
139
.
-118
-5
-10
-1
15,0
-40,8
9
33
-23
-57
-39
.
68
-14
-16
26
-5,0
17,8
19
57
-10
21
-27
.
-5,1
-9,7
-23,4
-0,4
6,2
-10,7
69,7
9,5
-12,7
-8,2
-21,7
.
3,2
-23,2
-31,9
19,3
-1,9
5,5
504,6
17,5
-5,8
3,3
-16,3
.
Long-term unemployment (%)
Proportion of the labour force
Proportion of the unemployed
Those who have worked in the past 5 years
Previous occupation
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
Other
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
42
Table 4: Characteristics of the unemployed – South Africa (concluded)
Previous industry
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
Other
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
2 114
2 169
2 213
2 300
2 182
-118
68
-5,1
3,2
79
39
274
7
314
506
111
301
271
211
2
103
38
291
14
313
505
130
278
261
237
1
137
30
271
17
301
507
124
305
279
241
1
107
42
262
19
345
547
147
309
277
245
.
134
32
271
18
347
508
111
302
269
190
.
27
-9
9
-1
2
-40
-36
-7
-9
-55
.
55
-7
-3
11
33
2
0
2
-2
-20
.
24,8
-22,6
3,6
-4,7
0,7
-7,3
-24,4
-2,1
-3,1
-22,5
.
69,6
-17,5
-1,1
149,0
10,5
0,4
-0,3
0,6
-0,7
-9,7
.
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
43
Table 5: Characteristics of the not economically active – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
15 015
6 249
2 863
1 734
1 204
2 200
765
15 055
6 201
2 830
1 673
1 210
2 355
786
15 084
6 167
2 810
1 644
1 211
2 419
833
15 221
6 273
2 805
1 631
1 205
2 514
794
15 415
6 314
2 952
1 602
1 311
2 403
833
194
41
147
-28
106
-111
40
400
65
89
-132
107
203
68
1,3
0,7
5,2
-1,7
8,8
-4,4
5,0
2,7
1,0
3,1
-7,6
8,9
9,2
8,9
Inactivity rate by age (both sexes)
15–24 yrs
25–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
42,9
74,5
25,8
56,2
42,8
74,4
25,8
55,6
42,7
74,0
25,8
56,0
42,9
74,9
25,9
55,3
43,2
75,4
26,0
57,2
0,3
0,5
0,1
1,9
0,3
0,9
0,2
1,0
Inactivity rate by age (women)
15–24 yrs
25–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
49,2
77,2
33,6
64,9
49,0
77,2
33,5
63,9
49,1
76,3
33,8
64,5
49,4
77,5
34,1
63,7
49,8
77,6
34,2
66,3
0,4
0,1
0,1
2,6
0,6
0,4
.
1,4
Inactivity rate by age (men)
15–24 yrs
25–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
36,3
71,9
17,7
45,7
36,4
71,7
18,0
45,6
36,1
71,8
17,6
45,7
36,1
72,4
17,5
45,1
36,5
73,3
17,6
46,3
0,4
0,9
0,1
1,2
0,2
1,4
-0,1
0,6
Not economically active
Student
Home-maker
Illness/disability
Too old/young to work
Discouraged work-seekers
Other
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
44
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics – South Africa
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
15 177
1 330
4 872
4 625
3 024
1 324
15 055
1 226
4 775
4 664
3 027
1 363
15 094
1 284
4 729
4 657
3 061
1 363
15 117
1 252
4 725
4 676
3 070
1 394
15 320
1 291
4 803
4 742
3 126
1 357
203
39
78
66
56
-37
143
-39
-69
117
102
32
1,3
3,1
1,7
1,4
1,8
-2,7
0,9
-2,9
-1,4
2,5
3,4
2,4
4 830
1 274
1 922
1 063
449
122
5 067
1 391
1 998
1 083
479
115
5 154
1 378
2 014
1 134
513
115
5 151
1 320
2 154
1 090
467
120
4 909
1 231
2 020
1 116
438
104
-242
-89
-134
26
-29
-17
79
-43
98
53
-12
-18
-4,7
-6,8
-6,2
2,4
-6,2
-13,9
1,6
-3,3
5,1
5,0
-2,6
-15,1
Age group of the not economically active
15–24 yrs
25–34 yrs
35–44 yrs
45–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
15 015
7 620
2 431
1 621
1 486
1 857
15 055
7 622
2 493
1 610
1 478
1 852
15 084
7 592
2 563
1 615
1 435
1 880
15 221
7 692
2 467
1 688
1 501
1 873
15 415
7 750
2 562
1 643
1 505
1 955
194
58
95
-46
4
82
400
.
131
22
19
98
1,3
0,8
3,9
-2,7
0,3
4,4
2,7
1,7
5,4
1,3
1,3
5,3
Highest level of education of the
employed
No schooling
Less than primary completed
Primary completed
Secondary not completed
Secondary completed
Tertiary
Other
15 177
368
1 186
634
5 091
4 735
3 008
155
15 055
379
1 093
632
5 014
4 723
3 059
155
15 094
365
1 100
621
4 927
4 842
3 055
184
15 117
387
1 049
603
5 072
4 772
3 057
177
15 320
362
1 068
599
5 158
4 847
3 118
169
203
-25
18
-4
85
75
61
-9
143
-6
-119
-35
66
112
110
14
1,3
-6,4
1,7
-0,6
1,7
1,6
2,0
-4,9
0,9
-1,6
-10,0
-5,6
1,3
2,4
3,7
8,9
Age group of the employed
15–24 yrs
25–34 yrs
35–44 yrs
45–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
Age group of the unemployed
15–24 yrs
25–34 yrs
35–44 yrs
45–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
45
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
4 830
82
272
178
2 304
1 628
341
26
5 067
84
308
212
2 348
1 691
393
31
5 154
79
325
222
2 405
1 713
390
20
5 151
79
336
212
2 462
1 667
367
28
4 909
61
315
236
2 314
1 603
343
36
-242
-17
-21
25
-148
-64
-24
8
79
-20
43
58
10
-25
2
10
-4,7
-22,1
-6,3
11,6
-6,0
-3,8
-6,5
26,5
1,6
-24,9
15,9
32,7
0,4
-1,5
0,6
40,2
Highest level of education of the not
economically active
No schooling
Less than primary completed
Primary completed
Secondary not completed
Secondary completed
Tertiary
Other
15 015
757
1 747
1 011
8 271
2 619
492
118
15 055
742
1 668
888
8 015
3 134
491
118
15 084
728
1 664
933
8 069
3 052
497
141
15 221
751
1 639
960
8 218
2 998
533
122
15 415
745
1 671
1 024
8 429
2 930
508
108
194
-6
32
64
211
-68
-24
-14
400
-12
-75
13
158
311
16
-10
1,3
-0,8
2,0
6,7
2,6
-2,3
-4,6
-11,5
2,7
-1,6
-4,3
1,3
1,9
11,9
3,3
-8,5
Employed
Attending educational institution
Not attending educational institution
15 177
359
14 818
15 055
339
14 716
15 094
399
14 695
15 117
412
14 704
15 320
385
14 935
203
-27
231
143
26
117
1,3
-6,7
1,6
0,9
7,2
0,8
Unemployed
Attending educational institution
Not attending educational institution
4 830
105
4 725
5 067
103
4 964
5 154
105
5 049
5 151
77
5 074
4 909
97
4 811
-242
21
-263
79
-7
86
-4,7
27,2
-5,2
1,6
-7,0
1,8
Not economically active
Attending educational institution
Not attending educational institution
15 015
6 098
8 917
15 055
6 002
9 053
15 084
5 969
9 115
15 221
6 134
9 087
15 415
6 226
9 189
194
92
102
400
129
272
1,3
1,5
1,1
2,7
2,1
3,0
Highest level of education of the unemployed
No schooling
Less than primary completed
Primary completed
Secondary not completed
Secondary completed
Tertiary
Other
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
46
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics – South Africa (continued)
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
Employed and attending by type of educational
institution
Ordinary school
Special school
Further education and training college (FET)
Other college
Higher education institution
Adult basic education and training centre (ABET CENTRE)
Literacy classes (e.g. KHA RI GUDE, SANLI)
Home-based education or home schooling
359
39
2
37
31
239
10
-
339
28
1
39
31
228
11
-
399
28
1
41
57
254
14
1
-
412
32
1
38
49
280
12
0
0
385
24
2
33
57
256
10
1
-27
-8
1
-5
8
-24
-1
1
26
-16
0
-4
26
17
0
-
-6,7
-24,3
226,3
-14,2
17,0
-8,6
-10,5
395,5
7,2
-39,3
15,0
-11,8
83,8
7,1
0,8
-
Unemployed and attending by type of educational
institution
Ordinary school
Special school
Further education and training college (FET)
Other college
Higher education institution
105
32
19
18
30
103
26
1
12
28
32
105
49
2
16
9
24
77
31
12
8
20
97
46
1
13
15
18
21
14
2
7
-2
-7
13
-5
-3
-12
27,2
46,4
14,6
84,8
-8,7
-7,0
41,5
-28,8
-19,2
-38,8
Adult basic education and training centre (ABET CENTRE)
Home-based education or home schooling
4
-
3
-
4
-
4
0
3
-
-1
-
-1
-
-25,4
-
-17,5
-
Not economically active and attending by type of
educational institution
Ordinary school
Special school
Further education and training college (FET)
Other college
Higher education institution
Adult basic education and training centre (ABET CENTRE)
Literacy classes (e.g. KHA RI GUDE, SANLI)
Home-based education or home schooling
6 098
4 980
42
313
171
532
30
1
2
6 002
4 650
33
431
179
645
37
0
3
5 969
4 627
42
390
213
623
42
2
5
6 134
4 849
29
424
192
570
41
1
3
6 226
4 998
34
444
162
542
23
3
92
150
5
21
-30
-28
-18
0
129
18
-8
131
-9
10
-7
0
1,5
3,1
16,8
4,9
-16
-4,8
-44,5
-15,1
2,1
0,4
-18,3
41,9
-5
1,9
-24,3
19,1
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
47
Table 6: Socio-demographic characteristics – South Africa (concluded)
Current marital status of the employed
Married
Living together like husband and wife
Widow/widower
Divorced or separated
Never married
Current marital status of the unemployed
Married
Living together like husband and wife
Widow/widower
Divorced or separated
Never married
Current marital status of the not economically
active
Married
Living together like husband and wife
Widow/widower
Divorced or separated
Never married
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
15 177
15 055
15 094
15 117
15 320
203
143
1,3
0,9
6 049
1 785
513
539
6 291
6 045
1 784
524
513
6 188
6 078
1 755
480
477
6 303
6 007
1 729
512
465
6 403
6 125
1 796
490
437
6 471
117
68
-22
-27
68
76
11
-22
-101
180
2,0
3,9
-4,3
-5,9
1,1
1,3
0,6
-4,4
-18,8
2,9
4 830
5 067
5 154
5 151
4 909
-242
79
-4,7
1,6
812
544
73
71
3 330
853
514
84
95
3 521
907
506
76
97
3 568
816
536
74
88
3 638
785
520
65
82
3 457
-30
-16
-9
-6
-181
-26
-24
-8
10
127
-3,7
-3,0
-12,1
-7,1
-5,0
-3,3
-4,4
-10,8
14,4
3,8
15 015
15 055
15 084
15 221
15 415
194
400
1,3
2,7
2 869
762
666
245
10 473
2 912
739
615
254
10 535
2 909
813
602
247
10 512
2 948
779
593
254
10 648
2 952
778
632
260
10 793
4
0
39
6
145
83
16
-35
15
321
0,1
0,0
6,6
2,4
1,4
2,9
2,1
-5,2
6,2
3,1
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
48
Table 7: Profile of those not in education and not in employment – South Africa
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
Apr-Jun
Jul-Sep
2013
2014
2014
2014
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
Both sexes
Women
Men
13 643
8 028
5 615
14 017
8 153
5 864
14 164
8 288
5 876
14 161
8 346
5 815
14 000
8 246
5 754
-161
-100
-61
357
218
139
-1,1
-1,2
-1,0
2,6
2,7
2,5
Age group
15–24 yrs
25–34 yrs
35–44 yrs
45–54 yrs
55–64 yrs
13 643
3 086
4 030
2 629
1 923
1 975
14 017
3 297
4 158
2 649
1 949
1 964
14 164
3 307
4 229
2 706
1 937
1 985
14 161
3 200
4 293
2 721
1 958
1 989
14 000
3 043
4 259
2 710
1 935
2 053
-161
-157
-34
-12
-23
64
357
-42
229
81
12
78
-1,1
-4,9
-0,8
-0,4
-1,2
3,2
2,6
-1,4
5,7
3,1
0,6
4,0
Population groups
Black African
Coloured
Indian/Asian
White
13 643
11 296
1 246
328
774
14 017
11 683
1 244
335
755
14 164
11 712
1 307
353
792
14 161
11 793
1 248
341
778
14 000
11 638
1 262
338
761
-161
-155
14
-3
-17
357
343
17
10
-12
-1,1
-1,3
1,1
-1,0
-2,2
2,6
3,0
1,4
3,1
-1,6
South Africa
Western Cape
Eastern Cape
Northern Cape
Free State
KwaZulu-Natal
North West
Gauteng
Mpumalanga
Limpopo
13 643
1 372
1 850
309
774
2 694
1 091
3 100
1 054
1 399
14 017
1 397
1 889
341
793
2 786
1 081
3 143
1 096
1 490
14 164
1 482
1 931
345
791
2 845
1 073
3 143
1 123
1 431
14 161
1 474
1 869
337
782
2 866
1 071
3 172
1 125
1 465
14 000
1 496
1 849
337
744
2 781
1 062
3 236
1 083
1 412
-161
22
-20
0
-38
-85
-9
64
-42
-52
357
124
-2
28
-31
87
-29
136
30
14
-1,1
1,5
-1,1
0,0
-4,9
-3,0
-0,8
2,0
-3,7
-3,6
2,6
9,0
-0,1
9,2
-3,9
3,2
-2,7
4,4
2,8
1,0
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
49
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-onyear
change
Per cent
South Africa
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
1 579
4 335
100
301
14
5 291
1 381
592
3 318
1 789
4 059
112
287
44
5 194
1 339
608
3 247
1 346
3 996
111
270
29
4 856
1 259
625
2 972
1 188
4 490
98
254
39
5 216
1 366
647
3 203
1 390
4 063
102
289
22
4 945
1 327
571
3 047
202
-428
4
35
-17
-271
-40
-76
-156
-189
-273
2
-12
8
-346
-54
-22
-271
17,0
-9,5
4,4
13,7
-44,1
-5,2
-2,9
-11,8
-4,9
-12,0
-6,3
1,8
-3,9
52,9
-6,5
-3,9
-3,6
-8,2
Western Cape
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
20
18
2
5
2
46
33
4
9
39
25
10
9
8
58
35
2
20
23
18
2
5
1
46
32
4
10
15
30
1
2
.
47
26
4
18
12
13
4
1
30
19
4
7
-3
-17
-1
2
.
-18
-7
0
-11
-8
-5
-2
-1
-2
-16
-14
0
-2
-20,6
-56,1
-55,9
108,5
.
-37,2
-25,7
5,1
-62,4
-41,3
-26,7
-82,2
-14,4
-79,1
-35,2
-41,7
-3,9
-25,4
Eastern Cape
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or household'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
413
1 062
12
113
1
1 299
295
129
875
543
1 041
14
111
4
1 387
327
167
893
380
1 002
13
89
4
1 223
273
140
810
408
1 189
11
101
6
1 411
303
159
949
524
1 050
10
138
4
1 381
270
175
936
116
-139
-1
37
-2
-30
-33
16
-13
111
-13
-2
25
3
82
-25
45
61
28,3
-11,7
-7,1
36,9
-35,6
-2,2
-11,0
9,9
-1,3
26,9
-1,2
-16,5
21,9
258,4
6,3
-8,4
34,9
7,0
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
50
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (continued)
Northern Cape
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or
household'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Free State
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or
household'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
KwaZulu-Natal
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or
household'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
13
91
1
12
49
2
10
36
.
8
62
1
7
59
1
-1
-4
1
-6
-32
0
-12,6
-5,8
119,5
-47,9
-35,5
-17,5
1
2
97
35
20
42
1
8
58
19
14
26
0
4
44
18
7
19
0
3
70
23
22
25
1
3
66
22
13
30
1
0
-4
-1
-8
6
0
1
-32
-13
-7
-12
436,5
1,9
-5,5
-4,7
-38,4
22,4
-23,0
31,9
-32,4
-36,1
-34,9
-28,1
111
33
1
126
28
4
81
41
8
65
34
2
120
43
5
55
9
3
10
10
4
84,7
27,1
137,1
8,8
30,1
433,2
2
3
138
62
13
64
4
3
148
58
29
61
5
4
117
56
22
39
3
4
97
48
14
34
5
5
156
64
29
62
1
1
59
16
15
28
2
2
17
3
16
-1
32,0
15,3
61,3
33,2
105,6
82,5
111,6
81,8
12,6
4,1
125,7
-2,2
530
1 103
34
487
1 152
35
419
1 108
40
310
1 265
29
405
1 162
46
95
-103
16
-125
58
12
30,7
-8,2
54,7
-23,6
5,3
35,4
104
3
1 362
332
140
890
101
6
1 387
346
158
883
113
5
1 337
322
199
815
99
10
1 452
371
228
852
91
2
1 374
399
167
807
-8
-8
-78
28
-61
-45
-13
-1
12
67
27
-82
-8,3
-76,4
-5,4
7,6
-26,9
-5,2
-12,6
-17,7
0,9
20,3
19,2
-9,2
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
51
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (continued)
North West
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or
household'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Gauteng
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or
household'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Mpumalanga
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or
household'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Oct-Dec
2013
Thousand
Jan-Mar
2014
Thousand
Apr-Jun
2014
Thousand
Jul-Sep
2014
Thousand
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-on-year
change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
81
393
17
90
313
20
96
354
15
111
410
7
46
281
5
-65
-129
-1
-35
-112
-12
-58,6
-31,4
-20,9
-43,1
-28,5
-69,3
10
2
446
124
57
266
8
2
370
87
45
237
6
.
408
98
67
242
2
.
470
118
80
272
4
.
308
76
42
190
1
.
-162
-41
-38
-82
-6
.
-138
-47
-15
-76
61,8
.
-34,4
-35,1
-47,6
-30,3
-61,9
.
-31,0
-38,3
-25,9
-28,7
32
56
3
11
33
3
32
49
7
43
69
18
16
48
2
-27
-22
-16
-16
-8
-1
-62,9
-31,4
-89,2
-50,4
-14,7
-27,2
11
101
47
30
23
9
13
54
29
13
12
5
7
88
47
13
28
18
16
106
64
7
35
9
2
73
48
9
16
-10
-14
-33
-16
2
-19
-3
2
-27
1
-21
-7
-52,4
-85,1
-31,0
-24,6
23,9
-54,5
-23,6
458,8
-27,1
2,4
-70,0
-31,4
152
472
26
190
367
18
110
357
25
71
388
26
71
364
21
0
-24
-5
-82
-108
-5
-0,3
-6,2
-18,2
-53,6
-22,9
-18,9
23
19
1
514
146
94
274
16
2
451
130
91
230
11
12
3
428
107
64
257
1
2
-26
-22
-5
1
-11
2
-156
-67
-50
-39
9,0
986,0
-5,8
-17,2
-6,8
0,3
-46,5
720,9
-26,7
-38,4
-43,8
-13,1
585
175
115
295
455
130
69
256
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
52
Table 8: Involvement in non-market activities and labour market status by province (concluded)
Oct-Dec
Jan-Mar
Apr-Jun
Jul-Sep
2013
2014
2014
2014
Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand
Limpopo
Subsistence farming
Fetching water or collecting wood/dung
Produce other goods for household use
Construction or major repairs to own or
household'
Hunting or fishing for household use
Involvement in at least one activity
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Oct-Dec
2014
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Thousand
Year-onyear change
Thousand
Qtr-to-qtr
change
Per cent
Year-on-year
change
Per cent
227
1 107
3
291
1 050
7
197
1 031
1
157
1 045
3
189
1 044
11
32
-1
8
-37
-63
8
20,5
0,0
258,8
-16,5
-5,7
237,6
31
1
1 217
279
84
854
25
.
1 217
291
85
840
31
2
1 142
282
82
778
17
.
1 109
283
64
762
26
3
1 129
319
68
742
9
.
20
37
4
-21
-6
2
-88
41
-16
-112
54,7
.
1,8
12,9
6,1
-2,7
-17,8
341,5
-7,2
14,6
-19,4
-13,2
For all values of 10 000 or lower, the sample size is too small for reliable estimates.
Due to rounding, numbers do not necessarily add up to totals.
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
53
Appendix 2
Appendix 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
2014 CV
Both sexes
Population 15–64 yrs.
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Women
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,5
0,7
0,9
2,3
5,6
2,9
2,1
0,7
3,4
0,8
0,5
0,7
0,9
2,3
6,3
3,1
1,9
0,7
3,4
0,8
-39
203
68
41
56
38
-242
194
-111
305
-345
-75
-189
-116
-63
-62
-512
-111
-355
41
266
481
324
198
175
138
27
500
133
570
0,80
0,15
0,60
0,61
0,35
0,45
0,08
0,21
0,37
0,02
1,8
0,7
0,5
1,7
0,7
0,5
-1,1
0,4
-0,3
-2,3
-0,4
-1,2
0,0
1,2
0,5
0,06
0,33
0,41
0,8
1,0
1,4
3,1
8,3
3,2
2,4
0,8
3,6
0,9
0,8
1,0
1,3
3,5
9,6
3,3
2,4
0,8
3,5
0,9
-23
100
106
-17
21
-11
-123
94
-62
157
-212
-80
-54
-107
-35
-99
-284
-94
-198
-28
165
279
266
73
77
77
39
283
74
342
0,81
0,28
0,20
0,72
0,45
0,81
0,14
0,33
0,37
0,10
2,1
1,0
0,8
2,2
1,0
0,8
-1,3
0,4
-0,3
-2,9
-0,6
-1,4
0,3
1,4
0,7
0,11
0,42
0,54
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
54
Appendix 2A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex (concluded)
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Men
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,6
0,9
1,1
3,0
5,9
6,9
2,4
1,1
4,1
1,0
0,6
0,9
1,2
3,0
6,2
7,1
2,4
1,1
4,4
1,2
-16
104
-38
57
35
49
-120
100
-49
148
-211
-94
-226
-71
-49
0
-286
-95
-190
-7
179
301
151
186
118
98
47
294
93
303
0,87
0,30
0,69
0,38
0,41
0,05
0,16
0,32
0,50
0,06
2,3
0,9
0,6
2,3
0,9
0,6
-1,0
0,3
-0,4
-2,4
-0,8
-1,5
0,3
1,5
0,7
0,14
0,53
0,48
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
55
Appendix 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Black African
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Coloured
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,5
0,7
2,1
0,7
0,5
0,7
1,9
0,7
-39
203
-242
194
-345
-75
-512
-111
266
481
27
500
0,80
0,15
0,08
0,21
1,8
0,7
0,5
1,7
0,7
0,5
-1,1
0,4
-0,3
-2,3
-0,4
-1,2
0,0
1,2
0,5
0,06
0,33
0,41
0,6
0,8
2,3
0,8
0,6
0,8
2,1
0,8
-10
210
-220
159
-277
-26
-474
-109
257
446
34
426
0,94
0,08
0,09
0,24
2,0
0,8
0,6
1,9
0,8
0,6
-1,4
0,6
-0,3
-2,8
-0,3
-1,3
0,0
1,4
0,6
0,05
0,21
0,50
1,2
1,7
4,3
2,3
1,1
1,7
4,7
2,0
-41
-6
-34
51
-107
-89
-96
-15
26
76
28
118
0,23
0,88
0,28
0,13
4,0
1,7
1,2
4,5
1,7
1,1
-1,2
-0,4
-1,4
-4,0
-2,9
-3,5
1,7
2,1
0,6
0,43
0,78
0,16
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
56
Appendix 2.1A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group (concluded)
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
Lower
2014 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
95%
Indian/Asian
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
White
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Upper
95%
P-value
2,4
2,5
15,2
3,6
2,9
3,1
13,0
4,2
1
-1
2
2
-40
-41
-24
-40
43
39
29
43
0,95
0,96
0,86
0,94
14,1
2,5
2,4
12,2
3,1
2,9
0,4
-0,3
0,0
-3,9
-4,4
-4,3
4,7
3,8
4,3
0,86
0,90
0,99
1,6
1,7
13,8
3,3
1,4
1,6
9,3
2,8
10
0
9
-17
-82
-87
-39
-109
102
88
57
75
0,84
0,99
0,71
0,71
13,3
1,7
1,6
9,3
1,6
1,4
0,4
0,1
0,5
-1,8
-2,6
-2,5
2,6
3,0
3,5
0,72
0,91
0,75
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
57
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
2014 CV
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,5
0,7
2,1
0,7
3,4
0,8
0,5
0,7
1,9
0,7
3,4
0,8
-39
203
-242
194
-111
305
-345
-75
-512
-111
-355
41
266
481
27
500
133
570
0,80
0,15
0,08
0,21
0,37
0,02
1,8
0,7
0,5
1,7
0,7
0,5
-1,1
0,4
-0,3
-2,3
-0,4
-1,2
0,0
1,2
0,5
0,06
0,33
0,41
1,1
1,3
4,3
2,3
16,9
2,4
1,4
1,6
4,9
2,9
17,7
2,9
-44
-12
-32
67
-18
85
-140
-107
-118
-29
-31
-12
52
84
54
163
-4
181
0,37
0,81
0,46
0,17
0,01
0,09
3,8
1,3
1,1
4,3
1,6
1,4
-0,7
-0,5
-1,4
-3,6
-2,8
-3,7
2,0
1,7
0,9
0,58
0,63
0,23
2,3
2,9
4,6
2,1
6,3
2,2
2,1
2,9
5,3
1,8
6,7
2,0
-68
-42
-27
76
-50
127
-192
-154
-106
-47
-122
19
55
71
52
200
22
235
0,28
0,47
0,51
0,23
0,17
0,02
4,0
2,9
2,3
4,8
2,9
2,1
-0,4
-1,0
-1,7
-4,0
-3,8
-4,8
3,3
1,7
1,3
0,85
0,44
0,25
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
58
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Northern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu-Natal
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
2,7
2,7
6,2
3,6
13,2
3,3
3,2
5,1
7,5
4,6
11,5
4,6
19
18
1
-17
9
-26
-17
-18
-27
-53
-6
-53
56
54
30
20
24
2
0,30
0,33
0,93
0,36
0,26
0,07
4,6
2,7
2,7
7,8
5,1
3,2
-1,0
2,3
2,4
-6,8
-2,5
-2,5
4,9
6,9
7,2
0,75
0,35
0,34
2,1
2,5
9,0
3,5
12,7
3,3
1,4
2,1
4,9
2,2
13,0
2,3
-15
17
-32
18
-1
19
-71
-31
-101
-37
-28
-30
41
65
37
74
26
69
0,60
0,48
0,36
0,52
0,95
0,44
7,3
2,5
2,1
4,3
2,1
1,4
-2,4
0,9
-1,0
-7,3
-1,7
-3,9
2,6
3,4
2,1
0,34
0,52
0,55
1,6
1,7
5,4
1,5
5,8
1,8
1,6
1,6
5,8
1,5
5,5
1,8
-4
101
-105
28
-22
50
-150
-12
-209
-117
-135
-83
141
213
-1
173
92
182
0,95
0,08
0,05
0,70
0,71
0,46
4,6
1,7
1,6
4,9
1,6
1,6
-3,3
1,4
-0,2
-6,0
-0,3
-2,4
-0,5
3,1
2,0
0,02
0,11
0,83
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
59
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
North West
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Mpumalanga
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
2,3
2,6
7,5
2,6
7,7
3,0
2,0
2,8
8,3
2,2
7,2
2,8
10
28
-18
1
-4
5
-66
-41
-86
-74
-51
-72
85
97
50
77
43
81
0,80
0,43
0,61
0,97
0,88
0,90
6,3
2,6
2,3
7,5
2,8
2,0
-1,6
1,0
0,1
-6,4
-1,9
-3,0
3,1
3,9
3,3
0,50
0,51
0,92
1,1
1,6
4,8
2,4
10,9
2,3
1,0
1,3
3,7
2,3
11,0
2,2
85
61
24
-30
-13
-18
-112
-119
-165
-227
-128
-170
282
241
213
167
103
135
0,40
0,51
0,80
0,76
0,83
0,82
4,4
1,6
1,1
3,4
1,3
1,0
0,1
0,4
0,5
-2,5
-1,6
-1,6
2,6
2,3
2,6
0,97
0,72
0,64
2,3
2,4
6,4
3,3
8,6
3,3
2,3
2,4
6,2
3,1
7,8
3,0
-56
3
-59
69
3
66
-172
-75
-133
-47
-51
-27
60
80
15
185
57
159
0,34
0,95
0,12
0,24
0,90
0,17
5,2
2,4
2,3
5,0
2,4
2,3
-2,7
-0,1
-2,4
-6,1
-3,0
-6,6
0,7
2,8
1,9
0,12
0,94
0,28
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
60
Appendix 2.3A: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (concluded)
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Limpopo
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
2,9
2,5
34
Employed
2,8
3,0
29
Unemployed
10,1
10,1
5
Not economically active
2,0
1,8
-19
Discouraged job-seekers
11,3
11,8
-16
Other
2,7
2,6
-3
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
8,8
9,7
0,0
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
2,8
3,0
0,7
Labour force participation rate
2,9
2,5
0,8
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
-82
-68
-63
-135
-160
-121
151
126
73
97
127
116
0,56
0,55
0,89
0,75
0,82
0,96
-4,2
-2,1
-2,5
4,1
3,4
4,1
0,99
0,63
0,64
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
61
Appendix 3.1A: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex
Jul-Sep
2014 CV
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
Both sexes
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
0,7
5,6
7,3
2,9
13,9
3,4
1,8
3,9
3,3
1,7
2,9
0,7
6,3
7,5
3,0
14,7
3,4
2,0
4,3
2,9
1,8
3,1
203
56
-14
9
-15
53
50
19
15
-12
38
-75
-63
-99
-130
-59
-63
-121
-85
-158
-186
-62
481
175
72
148
29
170
221
123
187
162
138
0,15
0,35
0,75
0,90
0,51
0,37
0,56
0,72
0,87
0,89
0,45
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
1,0
8,3
12,1
4,0
30,5
10,9
2,4
9,2
4,1
2,0
3,2
1,0
9,6
12,6
4,5
27,4
8,7
2,7
8,0
4,1
1,9
3,3
100
21
-7
23
0
31
46
5
-21
12
-11
-80
-35
-29
-45
-23
-8
-56
-37
-123
-106
-99
279
77
16
90
24
70
149
47
81
130
77
0,28
0,45
0,57
0,51
0,99
0,12
0,38
0,81
0,69
0,84
0,81
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
0,9
5,9
8,3
3,5
16,1
3,5
2,6
4,0
3,9
2,9
6,9
0,9
6,2
8,0
3,6
17,1
3,6
2,5
4,5
3,9
3,1
7,1
104
35
-7
-14
-15
22
4
14
35
-24
49
-94
-49
-89
-126
-52
-85
-121
-73
-90
-137
0
301
118
75
99
22
129
129
101
161
88
98
0,30
0,41
0,86
0,81
0,43
0,68
0,95
0,75
0,58
0,67
0,05
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
62
Appendix 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
South Africa
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
0,7
0,9
2,3
5,6
2,9
0,7
0,9
2,3
6,3
3,1
203
68
41
56
38
-75
-189
-116
-63
-62
481
324
198
175
138
0,15
0,60
0,61
0,35
0,45
Western Cape
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,3
1,8
6,0
8,7
6,6
1,6
2,3
7,0
10,1
9,8
-12
14
-7
-3
-16
-107
-86
-47
-33
-45
84
113
33
27
14
0,81
0,79
0,74
0,86
0,29
Eastern Cape
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,9
3,2
6,7
22,2
9,3
2,9
3,0
7,2
22,3
8,5
-42
-22
-22
0
2
-154
-91
-80
-52
-29
71
47
37
52
33
0,47
0,54
0,46
1,00
0,90
Northern Cape
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,7
4,6
14,1
21,0
18,0
5,1
4,7
16,1
30,8
15,1
18
0
-3
24
-3
-18
-28
-16
-17
-17
54
27
10
64
12
0,33
0,99
0,67
0,25
0,73
Free State
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,5
3,6
7,5
12,5
9,6
2,1
3,2
6,2
9,4
10,0
17
8
8
-1
2
-31
-40
-18
-16
-18
65
55
34
15
22
0,48
0,75
0,54
0,95
0,87
KwaZulu-Natal
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,7
2,4
5,2
16,1
8,8
1,6
2,3
4,1
15,9
8,5
101
50
10
23
18
-12
-57
-60
-15
-30
213
157
79
61
66
0,08
0,36
0,79
0,24
0,46
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
63
Appendix 3.4A: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (concluded)
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
North West
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,6
3,9
6,8
18,7
13,4
2,8
3,0
8,6
20,6
8,4
28
5
8
3
12
-41
-60
-17
-18
-17
97
69
32
24
41
0,43
0,89
0,54
0,76
0,41
Gauteng
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,6
2,0
6,0
23,8
5,6
1,3
1,6
5,6
21,5
6,6
61
12
46
-7
10
-119
-160
-45
-43
-49
241
183
137
29
69
0,51
0,89
0,32
0,70
0,74
Mpumalanga
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,4
3,8
5,3
10,7
9,6
2,4
4,2
7,4
15,7
11,0
3
-18
-1
7
15
-75
-105
-39
-25
-9
80
70
37
38
39
0,95
0,69
0,96
0,69
0,23
Limpopo
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,8
3,8
5,4
16,9
8,7
3,0
3,8
6,6
21,0
7,3
29
20
2
10
-3
-68
-54
-57
-59
-24
126
93
61
80
19
0,55
0,60
0,94
0,78
0,82
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
64
Appendix 3.5A: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation
Jul-Sep
Oct-Dec
2014 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
Both sexes
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,7
3,7
4,6
2,6
2,8
2,3
10,1
2,7
3,4
1,8
3,1
0,7
3,6
5,0
2,8
2,7
2,3
9,8
2,7
3,0
1,9
3,3
203
-22
-264
-102
148
152
9
141
45
114
-18
-75
-151
-365
-215
20
-2
-16
18
-68
-53
-105
481
108
-162
11
277
305
34
264
158
281
68
0,15
0,74
0,00
0,08
0,02
0,05
0,49
0,03
0,43
0,18
0,68
Women
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
1,0
5,1
5,7
3,4
3,2
3,0
18,4
6,4
7,5
2,8
3,2
1,0
5,6
5,3
3,6
3,1
2,9
15,2
6,8
7,0
2,8
3,4
100
9
-117
-79
96
111
-2
-4
32
63
-9
-80
-59
-168
-157
-4
20
-14
-42
-2
-45
-96
279
76
-66
-2
197
202
10
33
67
171
78
0,28
0,80
0,00
0,05
0,06
0,02
0,74
0,82
0,07
0,25
0,84
Men
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,9
4,3
5,8
4,4
4,8
3,3
10,8
2,9
3,7
2,2
17,0
0,9
4,3
7,2
4,3
4,9
3,5
11,7
2,8
3,4
2,3
24,2
104
-30
-147
-22
52
41
11
145
13
51
-9
-94
-126
-225
-103
-21
-78
-10
26
-94
-66
-25
301
65
-68
58
125
159
31
264
120
167
7
0,30
0,53
0,00
0,58
0,16
0,50
0,30
0,02
0,81
0,39
0,26
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
65
Appendix 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
Both sexes
Population 15–64 yrs.
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Women
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,5
0,7
0,9
2,5
6,1
3,0
2,1
0,7
3,1
0,8
0,5
0,7
0,9
2,3
6,3
3,1
1,9
0,7
3,4
0,8
221
143
138
2
28
-26
79
400
203
198
-77
-147
-137
-160
-100
-128
-190
102
-12
-74
520
433
412
164
157
77
347
699
417
470
0,15
0,33
0,32
0,98
0,67
0,62
0,57
0,01
0,06
0,15
1,9
0,7
0,5
1,7
0,7
0,5
0,2
-0,3
-0,3
-1,1
-1,2
-1,2
1,3
0,5
0,5
0,84
0,40
0,38
0,8
1,1
1,5
3,2
7,7
3,2
2,7
0,8
3,5
0,9
0,8
1,0
1,3
3,5
9,6
3,3
2,4
0,8
3,5
0,9
44
6
97
-47
17
-61
37
241
101
141
-155
-184
-75
-134
-39
-146
-130
42
-24
-54
243
197
270
39
74
23
204
441
226
335
0,67
0,95
0,27
0,29
0,55
0,16
0,66
0,02
0,11
0,16
2,5
1,1
0,8
2,2
1,0
0,8
0,3
-0,6
-0,6
-1,4
-1,6
-1,7
1,9
0,5
0,6
0,74
0,31
0,32
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
66
Appendix 2B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by sex (concluded)
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Men
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other (not economically active)
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,6
0,8
1,1
3,3
7,1
6,6
2,4
1,0
3,9
1,0
0,6
0,9
1,2
3,0
6,2
7,1
2,4
1,1
4,4
1,2
178
136
41
49
11
36
41
159
102
57
-6
-68
-167
-78
-83
-15
-123
-25
-24
-105
362
340
249
176
105
86
205
343
227
220
0,06
0,19
0,70
0,45
0,82
0,17
0,62
0,09
0,11
0,49
2,3
0,8
0,6
2,3
0,9
0,6
0,0
-0,2
-0,2
-1,4
-1,3
-1,3
1,4
1,0
0,9
0,99
0,78
0,70
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
67
Appendix 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Black African
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Coloured
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,5
0,7
2,1
0,7
0,5
0,7
1,9
0,7
221
143
79
400
-77
-147
-190
102
520
433
347
699
0,15
0,33
0,57
0,01
1,9
0,7
0,5
1,7
0,7
0,5
0,2
-0,3
-0,3
-1,1
-1,2
-1,2
1,3
0,5
0,5
0,84
0,40
0,38
0,6
0,8
2,2
0,8
0,6
0,8
2,1
0,8
225
157
69
370
-45
-90
-176
99
496
404
313
641
0,10
0,21
0,58
0,01
1,9
0,8
0,6
1,9
0,8
0,6
0,1
-0,3
-0,4
-1,4
-1,2
-1,3
1,4
0,6
0,6
0,95
0,52
0,47
1,1
2,0
5,0
2,0
1,1
1,7
4,7
2,0
16
13
3
29
-48
-69
-65
-35
80
96
70
93
0,63
0,75
0,94
0,37
5,0
2,0
1,1
4,5
1,7
1,1
-0,2
-0,3
-0,4
-3,2
-2,8
-2,4
3,1
2,2
1,6
0,98
0,83
0,69
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
68
Appendix 2.1B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by population group (concluded)
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
Lower
2013 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
95%
Indian/Asian
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
White
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Upper
95%
P-value
2,2
2,8
14,9
3,1
2,9
3,1
13,0
4,2
11
13
-2
1
-29
-27
-28
-39
51
54
24
41
0,58
0,52
0,88
0,97
14,6
2,8
2,2
12,2
3,1
2,9
-0,6
0,7
0,4
-5,0
-3,5
-3,7
3,8
4,9
4,6
0,79
0,73
0,84
1,5
1,8
14,0
3,2
1,4
1,6
9,3
2,8
-31
-41
10
1
-116
-132
-38
-84
54
51
57
85
0,47
0,38
0,70
0,99
13,9
1,8
1,5
9,3
1,6
1,4
0,5
-0,7
-0,3
-1,7
-3,6
-3,1
2,8
2,3
2,4
0,62
0,65
0,81
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
69
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
South Africa
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Western Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Eastern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
0,5
0,7
2,1
0,7
3,1
0,8
0,5
0,7
1,9
0,7
3,4
0,8
221
143
79
400
203
198
-77
-147
-190
102
-12
-74
520
433
347
699
417
470
0,15
0,33
0,57
0,01
0,06
0,15
1,9
0,7
0,5
1,7
0,7
0,5
0,2
-0,3
-0,3
-1,1
-1,2
-1,2
1,3
0,5
0,5
0,84
0,40
0,38
1,0
2,0
6,7
2,3
28,0
2,2
1,4
1,6
4,9
2,9
17,7
2,9
-16
-65
50
108
4
104
-112
-183
-58
12
-7
9
81
53
157
204
16
198
0,75
0,28
0,37
0,03
0,46
0,03
6,6
2,0
1,0
4,3
1,6
1,4
1,9
-2,7
-1,9
-1,7
-5,6
-4,2
5,5
0,1
0,4
0,31
0,06
0,11
2,5
3,2
6,2
2,0
7,3
2,0
2,1
2,9
5,3
1,8
6,7
2,0
40
4
36
-7
-75
68
-86
-120
-53
-134
-151
-30
167
128
126
119
0
166
0,53
0,95
0,43
0,91
0,05
0,17
5,6
3,2
2,5
4,8
2,9
2,1
1,3
-0,1
0,6
-3,1
-3,2
-2,5
5,8
2,9
3,7
0,56
0,92
0,70
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
70
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Northern Cape
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Free State
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
KwaZulu-Natal
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
2,7
3,2
7,9
3,7
18,6
4,0
3,2
5,1
7,5
4,6
11,5
4,6
11
-9
20
-1
2
-3
-28
-48
-8
-40
-19
-35
50
30
48
38
22
29
0,59
0,65
0,17
0,96
0,86
0,87
7,0
3,2
2,7
7,8
5,1
3,2
3,8
-1,7
0,7
-2,1
-6,8
-4,5
9,7
3,3
5,8
0,21
0,50
0,80
2,4
2,8
7,9
3,6
16,4
3,2
1,4
2,1
4,9
2,2
13,0
2,3
26
26
0
-13
-16
4
-32
-28
-53
-71
-53
-44
84
80
52
46
21
51
0,38
0,34
1,00
0,67
0,39
0,88
6,4
2,8
2,4
4,3
2,1
1,4
-0,8
1,2
0,9
-4,8
-1,8
-2,2
3,3
4,0
4,1
0,71
0,45
0,55
1,6
1,9
6,2
1,5
6,1
2,0
1,6
1,6
5,8
1,5
5,5
1,8
29
-7
36
65
43
22
-110
-132
-60
-74
-67
-130
167
117
132
204
153
174
0,69
0,91
0,46
0,36
0,44
0,78
5,7
1,9
1,6
4,9
1,6
1,6
0,9
-0,7
-0,3
-1,8
-2,6
-2,4
3,7
1,2
1,9
0,49
0,50
0,82
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
71
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (continued)
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
North West
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Gauteng
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Mpumalanga
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
2,4
2,8
8,6
2,5
9,9
3,5
2,0
2,8
8,3
2,2
7,2
2,8
74
80
-6
-30
-10
-19
2
11
-85
-101
-62
-104
145
148
73
42
41
66
0,04
0,02
0,88
0,42
0,69
0,66
7,3
2,8
2,4
7,5
2,8
2,0
-2,1
2,6
2,1
-7,7
-0,3
-0,9
3,6
5,5
5,2
0,48
0,07
0,16
1,2
1,3
3,9
2,8
9,1
2,8
1,0
1,3
3,7
2,3
11,0
2,2
22
58
-36
197
128
70
-169
-109
-213
7
35
-92
212
224
141
388
220
232
0,82
0,50
0,69
0,04
0,01
0,40
3,4
1,3
1,2
3,4
1,3
1,0
-0,6
-0,7
-1,4
-3,0
-2,4
-3,5
1,7
1,2
0,7
0,60
0,51
0,18
1,8
2,4
5,1
2,5
7,2
2,7
2,3
2,4
6,2
3,1
7,8
3,0
-27
-11
-17
81
48
33
-126
-91
-74
-18
-2
-49
71
70
40
180
99
114
0,59
0,80
0,56
0,11
0,06
0,43
4,7
2,4
1,8
5,0
2,4
2,3
-0,6
-1,2
-2,2
-3,6
-4,2
-5,8
2,4
1,8
1,5
0,69
0,42
0,24
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
72
Appendix 2.3B: Sampling variability for labour force characteristics by province (concluded)
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Limpopo
Population 15–64 yrs
Labour force
Employed
Unemployed
Not economically active
Discouraged job-seekers
Other
Rates (%)
Unemployment rate
Employed/population ratio (absorption)
Labour force participation rate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
3,3
3,9
8,6
2,2
8,2
2,3
2,5
3,0
10,1
1,8
11,8
2,6
63
67
-4
-1
79
-80
-58
-53
-69
-122
-32
-189
184
188
60
120
190
29
0,31
0,27
0,90
0,99
0,16
0,15
8,4
3,9
3,3
9,7
3,0
2,5
-1,0
1,3
1,1
-5,3
-2,1
-2,4
3,3
4,8
4,5
0,64
0,46
0,54
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
73
Appendix 3.1B: Sampling variability for the employed by industry and sex
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
Both sexes
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
0,7
6,1
7,9
3,2
9,3
3,5
2,1
3,8
2,7
2,0
3,0
0,7
6,3
7,5
3,0
14,7
3,4
2,0
4,3
2,9
1,8
3,1
143
28
1
-17
-23
130
22
-10
2
31
-26
-147
-100
-98
-167
-61
8
-157
-119
-158
-148
-128
433
157
101
133
15
251
202
100
161
210
77
0,33
0,67
0,98
0,82
0,23
0,04
0,81
0,86
0,99
0,74
0,62
Women
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
1,1
7,7
13,4
4,7
17,1
7,2
2,7
8,4
4,2
2,3
3,2
1,0
9,6
12,6
4,5
27,4
8,7
2,7
8,0
4,1
1,9
3,3
6
17
13
-18
-5
19
-60
23
0
79
-61
-184
-39
-12
-88
-25
-15
-173
-19
-99
-46
-146
197
74
37
51
15
52
54
65
99
204
23
0,95
0,55
0,30
0,61
0,61
0,27
0,30
0,28
1,00
0,22
0,16
Men
Agriculture
Mining
Manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and social services
Private households
0,8
7,1
8,4
3,7
10,4
3,7
2,7
4,0
3,1
2,8
6,6
0,9
6,2
8,0
3,6
17,1
3,6
2,5
4,5
3,9
3,1
7,1
136
11
-12
1
-18
111
82
-33
2
-48
36
-68
-83
-101
-120
-50
0
-39
-126
-116
-160
-15
340
105
78
123
13
223
203
60
119
64
86
0,19
0,82
0,80
0,98
0,26
0,05
0,18
0,49
0,98
0,40
0,17
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
74
Appendix 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
South Africa
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
0,7
0,9
2,5
6,1
3,0
0,7
0,9
2,3
6,3
3,1
143
138
2
28
-26
-147
-137
-160
-100
-128
433
412
164
157
77
0,33
0,32
0,98
0,67
0,62
Western Cape
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,0
2,2
8,7
12,9
8,5
1,6
2,3
7,0
10,1
9,8
-65
-44
25
-31
-16
-183
-157
-22
-78
-48
53
69
72
16
16
0,28
0,45
0,29
0,20
0,33
Eastern Cape
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,2
3,9
9,4
21,0
10,3
2,9
3,0
7,2
22,3
8,5
4
0
-15
21
-1
-120
-88
-88
-36
-32
128
88
58
77
29
0,95
1,00
0,68
0,48
0,93
Northern Cape
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,2
5,1
14,5
14,0
12,2
5,1
4,7
16,1
30,8
15,1
-9
-24
-5
15
5
-48
-56
-18
-25
-6
30
9
8
55
15
0,65
0,15
0,45
0,46
0,38
Free State
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,8
4,0
7,5
17,7
8,6
2,1
3,2
6,2
9,4
10,0
26
13
41
-16
-11
-28
-39
20
-42
-32
80
66
62
9
10
0,34
0,62
0,00
0,21
0,29
KwaZulu-Natal
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,9
2,6
5,3
11,7
7,5
1,6
2,3
4,1
15,9
8,5
-7
-46
35
5
-3
-132
-172
-27
-30
-52
117
81
97
41
47
0,91
0,48
0,26
0,76
0,92
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
75
Appendix 3.4B: Sampling variability for the employed by province and sector (concluded)
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
North West
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,8
4,0
10,5
16,9
11,0
2,8
3,0
8,6
20,6
8,4
80
69
-10
0
21
11
3
-40
-21
-2
148
135
20
21
43
0,02
0,04
0,52
0,99
0,07
Gauteng
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
1,3
1,8
6,0
31,3
5,7
1,3
1,6
5,6
21,5
6,6
58
105
-44
2
-5
-109
-66
-142
-37
-63
224
276
53
41
53
0,50
0,23
0,37
0,91
0,87
Mpumalanga
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
2,4
3,6
5,5
10,9
9,2
2,4
4,2
7,4
15,7
11,0
-11
6
-27
13
-3
-91
-80
-75
-18
-29
70
93
21
44
23
0,80
0,89
0,27
0,41
0,84
Limpopo
Formal sector (non-agricultural)
Informal sector (non-agricultural)
Agriculture
Private households
3,9
4,2
4,3
22,5
11,4
3,0
3,8
6,6
21,0
7,3
67
58
3
19
-12
-53
-15
-45
-51
-43
188
131
51
90
18
0,27
0,12
0,91
0,59
0,43
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014
76
Appendix 3.5B: Sampling variability for the employed by sex and occupation
Oct-Dec
Oct-Dec
2013 CV
2014 CV
Estimate
Lower
95%
Upper
95%
P-value
Both sexes
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,7
3,4
4,3
2,6
2,6
2,4
12,2
2,6
3,0
2,0
3,2
0,7
3,6
5,0
2,8
2,7
2,3
9,8
2,7
3,0
1,9
3,3
143
106
-239
-171
126
150
19
110
65
45
-69
-147
-22
-339
-281
1
-2
-7
-21
-42
-131
-153
433
234
-140
-60
251
303
46
242
171
222
16
0,33
0,10
0,00
0,00
0,05
0,05
0,16
0,10
0,23
0,61
0,11
Women
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
1,1
5,2
5,1
3,1
3,1
3,2
21,5
7,1
8,5
2,6
3,3
1,0
5,6
5,3
3,6
3,1
2,9
15,2
6,8
7,0
2,8
3,4
6
55
-116
-101
57
98
3
-25
42
54
-61
-184
-8
-168
-178
-44
7
-8
-66
7
-48
-145
197
117
-63
-24
158
190
14
17
77
157
22
0,95
0,09
0,00
0,01
0,26
0,04
0,61
0,24
0,02
0,30
0,15
Men
Manager
Professional
Technician
Clerk
Sales and services
Skilled agriculture
Craft and related trade
Plant and machine operator
Elementary
Domestic worker
0,8
4,1
5,0
4,2
4,2
3,3
14,3
3,0
3,1
2,6
14,1
0,9
4,3
7,2
4,3
4,9
3,5
11,7
2,8
3,4
2,3
24,2
136
52
-124
-70
69
52
16
135
23
-9
-7
-68
-51
-194
-154
2
-66
-6
7
-74
-139
-23
340
154
-53
14
136
170
39
263
119
122
8
0,19
0,32
0,00
0,10
0,05
0,39
0,16
0,04
0,64
0,90
0,36
Quarterly Labour Force Survey, Quarter 4, 2014