SCB203.1745/46
Midterm Exam
FORM A
Robyn O’Kane, Ph.D.
Spring I 2004
Name___________________________________________________________________
Match the following bone cell type with its function/description:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Osteocyte
Osteoblast
Osteoprogenitor cell
Osteoclast
A. Destined to become immature bone cells
B. Activity is reduced by calcitonin
C. Secretes osteoid, an immature matrix
D. Arranged in lamellae
Multiple Choice – Choose the best answer.
5. After watching a movie for two hours, Susanna steps outside into the bright sunshine.
Her friend, Sharon, notices that as soon as Susanna steps outside, the pupils of her eyes
constrict (get smaller). Susanna explains that this causes less light to enter her eyes. This
is an example of
A. negative feedback
D. an extrinsic mechanism
B. positive feedback
E. None of the above
C. differentiation
6. Transport of a certain substance out of the cell exhibits the following characteristics:
1. It requires cellular energy.
2. It doesn’t saturate.
3. Large volumes of the substance can be transported.
What type of transport is this?
A. Diffusion
D. Exocytosis
B. Facilitated diffusion
E. Secondary active transport
C. Endocytosis
7. Using the information from the previous question, which organelle will most likely be
important for this transport?
A. Ribosomes
D. Peroxisomes
B. Golgi Apparatus
E. Centrioles
C. Lysosomes
8. An atom has an atomic number of 17 and a mass number of 35. All of the following
are correct EXCEPT
A. This atom is not inert.
B. A second atom with an atomic number of 18 and a mass number of 35 is an isotope.
C. This atom has 18 neutrons.
D. This atom will have a -1 charge when it becomes an ion.
E. This atom has electrons in three energy levels.
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9. Goblet cells are
A. unicellular exocrine glands.
B. mucous glands.
C. unicellular endocrine glands.
D. A and B
E. B and C
10. All of the following are correct about saccharides EXCEPT
A. The sugar of a nucleotide is a monosaccharide.
B. C12H24O12 is a disaccharide.
C. A polysaccharide must undergo hydrolysis before it can be utilized by the body.
D. A monosaccharide and a disaccharide are isomers of each other.
E. A tetrose is a monosaccharide with 4 carbon atoms.
11. When you nod in agreement, your head is undergoing
A. flexion and extension.
B. abduction and adduction.
C. circumduction.
D. pronation and supination.
E. rotation.
12. Which category of lipid has a four-ring structure?
A. Phospholipid
D. Steroid
B. Micelle
E. Fatty acids
C. Triglyceride
13. A person fell down a flight of stairs. He then started experiencing severe,
excruciating pain in his back and shooting down his leg. He went to the doctor’s office
and got an x-ray and an MRI. The doctor could see that the nucleus pulposus completely
pushed through the anulus fibrosus and is now distorting the nerves in the area. The
patient is suffering from
A. a luxation.
D. a slipped disc.
B. rheumatoid arthritis
E. a herniated disc.
C. osteoarthritis.
14. Malathion is commonly used to kill insects (is an insecticide). When malathion is
applied, it blocks the enzymatic breakdown of acetylcholine, the main neurotransmitter
used by insects, by directly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following is
correct?
A. Malathion lowers the activation energy.
B. Malathion increases the reaction rate.
C. Malathion decreases the rate at which a reaction can proceed.
D. Malathion is specific for the active sites on acetylcholine.
E. Malathion is regulated by the presence of acetylcholine.
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15. Which of the following is a characteristic of all organisms?
A. Trabeculae
D. Antiangiogenesis
B. Leverage
E. Differentiation
C. Cellularity
16. What will most likely happen if the order of nitrogenous bases on a gene changes due
to the deletion of a base (as in a mutation from AATGCG to AAGCG)?
A. The DNA will no longer spiral.
B. The RNA produced will spiral.
C. The deleted thymine’s complementary base, adenine, will bind with the guanine.
D. The protein produced will probably perform a different function.
17. After eating a candy bar, the sugar is digested and absorbed into the bloodstream. To
go from the intestine to the blood supply (within a blood vessel), the digested sugar must
cross into an epithelial cell and then cross the other side of the cell to reach the interstitial
fluid, from where it diffuses into a blood vessel. Transport from the intestine into the
epithelial cell does not require energy and moves with the concentration gradient.
Transport from within the cell to the interstitial fluid does not directly or indirectly
require energy, but can quickly be saturated. This is a control mechanism to regulate the
sugar level in the blood. The two types of transport exhibited here are
A. pinocytosis and diffusion.
B. diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
C. primary active transport and secondary active transport.
D. diffusion and exocytosis.
E. diffusion and secondary active transport.
18. Which characteristic of epithelial tissue is demonstrated in the previous question?
A. Cellularity
D. Regeneration
B. Polarity
E. Attachment
C. Avascularity
19. A patient’s pH is 7.4. Treatment of this patient should include
A. a strong acid
D. a weak acid
B. a salt
E. nothing to change the pH. The pH is normal.
C. a buffer
Match the tissue type with its description:
20.
21.
22.
23.
Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
A.
B.
C.
D.
Relays information throughout the body
Sensation and specialized secretions
Energy storage and transport of fluids
Important for physical motion
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24. The mechanism(s) by which cartilage grows is (are)
A. interstitial growth
D. A and B
B. appositional growth
E. B and C
C. intramembranous growth
25. A synchondroses is
A. a type of amphiarthroses.
B. found between the bones of the skull.
C. when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.
D. an area of cartilage, such as the epiphyseal plate.
E. a highly movable joint.
26. Which membrane type is located in highly movable joints?
A. Mucous
B. Serous
C. Cutaneous
D. Synovial
27. The integumentary system includes
A. the epidermis.
B. the dermis.
C. nails.
D. A and B
E. All of the above
28. Epidermal ridges
A. interlock with the papillary layer of the dermis.
B. form in the stratum spinosum layer.
C. change throughout your lifetime.
D. are directly attached to the dermis.
E. produce keratin.
29. UV radiation and aging reduce the amount of _________ fibers, which results in
wrinkles and sagging skin.
A. collagen
D. tendon
B. elastin
E. cartilage
C. reticular
30. A patient is admitted to the hospital after suffering severe, 3rd degree burns over 40%
of his body. Which of the following is an appropriate treatment?
A. Ice water baths
B. Nothing since he’s going to die anyway
C. Antibiotics
D. Kidney transplant
E. Distilled water
31. Which of the following is an example of an exchange reaction?
A. Sucrose -------> Glucose + Fructose
B. 2NaCl + Mg(OH)2 --------> 2NaOH + MgCl2
C. Glucose + Glucose + Glucose + Glucose -----------> Glycogen
D. Triglyceride -------> Diglyceride + fatty acid
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32. A sixty-year old woman broke her hip. She is now on bed rest for the next 2 months.
The nurse has to be careful to move her often to avoid getting bedsores. This is important
because
A. the woman has osteoporosis.
B. the woman’s epidermis has thinned and she is therefore more prone to infections.
C. the woman has decreased melanocyte activity.
D. the woman has a decreased blood supply to her dermis.
E. the woman has thinner, finer hair.
33. Which of the following is a correct pairing of sub-atomic particle with its
corresponding charge?
A. electrons, positive
D. neutrons, neutral
B. protons, neutral
E. protons, negative
C. neutrons, negative
34. Which characteristic of epithelial tissue is extremely important for areas with a lot of
holocrine secretion?
A. Cellularity
D. Avascularity
B. Regeneration
E. Attachment
C. Polarity
35. Why do astronauts have to be careful when the first come back to Earth after months
without gravity?
A. Astronauts don’t eat oranges so they suffer from scurvy.
B. Astronauts don’t get any Vitamin A, so they have decreased osteoblast activity.
C. Astronauts suffer from osteomalacia.
D. Astronauts secrete more parathyroid hormone, which increases their osteoclast
activity.
E. Astronauts haven’t had weight-bearing activities for months, so their osteoblast
activity has decreased.
36. When the positive dipole on hydrogen is attracted to the negative dipole on oxygen,
A. an ionic bond is formed.
B. a hydrogen bond is formed.
C. a polar covalent bond is formed.
D. a non-polar covalent bond is formed.
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Short Answer – Answer each question fully. You may use diagrams/drawings if
that helps.
Name__________________________________________________________________
36. Explain the process of secondary active transport in terms of transporting substances
into (or out of) a cell. Explain why it is called “secondary” and “active”, and where the
energy is spent.
37. Describe the process of gene expression from initial activation to the final protein
produced, not including the modification by organelles. Use the proper terms for the
different stages.
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38. You have learned about an important connection between the integumentary system
and the skeletal system in regard to calcium absorption. Explain this relationship, the
hormones involved, and what happens if this connection doesn’t work.
(cont. on back)
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