BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Introductory Biology for Allied Health
Key Words by Chapter
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Click chapter title to proceed to page
Chapter 1: Invitation to Biology
Chapter 2: Molecules of Life
Chapter 3: Cell Structure
Chapter 4: Energy and Metabolism
Chapter 5: Capturing and Releasing Energy
Chapter 6: DNA Structure and Function
Chapter 7: Gene Expression and Control
Chapter 8: How Cells Reproduce
Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance
Chapter 10: Biotechnology
Chapter 13: Early Life Forms and the Viruses
Chapter 19: Animal Tissue and Organs
Chapter 22: Immunity
Chapter 23: Digestion and Excretion
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20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 1 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 1: Invitation to Biology – Key Terms
atom
Achaea
biology
bacterium
biosphere
critical thinking
cell
eukaryote
community
fungus
ecosystem
genus
emergent property
plant
molecule
prokaryote
nature
protist
organism
science
population
species
consumer
hypothesis
development
law of nature
DNA
model
energy
prediction
homeostasis
scientific theory
inheritance
control group
nutrient
experiment
producers
experimental group
receptor
variable
reproduction
sampling error
animal
statistically significant
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 2 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 2: Molecules of Life – Key Terms
atom
solvent
atomic number
temperature
charge
acid
electron
base
element
buffer
isotopes
organic
mass number
carbohydrate
neutron
condensation
nucleus
hydrolysis
proton
metabolism
radioisotope
monomers
radioactive decay
polymers
ion
amino acid
shell model
fat
tracer
fatty acid
chemical bond
phospholipid
covalent bond
protein
hydrogen bond
saturated fat
ionic bond
steroid
molecule
unsaturated fat
nonpolar
triglyceride
polar
wax
polarity
denature
cohesion
peptide bond
evaporation
polypeptide
hydrophilic
ATP
hydrophobic
DNA
pH
nucleic acid
salt
nucleotide
solute
RNA
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 3 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 3: Cell Structure – Key Terms
cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
lipid bilayer
Golgi body
nucleoid
lysosome
nucleus
mitochondrion
organelle
nuclear envelope
plasma membrane
peroxisome
cell
vacuole
cell theory
vesicle
surface-to-volume ratio
chloroplast
adhesion protein
cilium
enzyme
cytoskeleton
fluid mosaic model
intermediate filament
receptor protein
microfilament
recognition protein
microtubule
transport protein
motor protein
biofilm
pseudopod
cell wall
adhering junction
flagellum
cell junction
pilus
extracellular matrix (ECM)
ribosome
gap junction
endomembrane system
tight junctions
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 4 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 4: Energy and Metabolism – Key Terms
energy
concentration gradient
first law of thermodynamics
diffusion
second law of thermodynamics
electron transfer chain
activation energy
selective permeability
ATP
hypertonic
phosphorylation
hypotonic
active site
isotonic
allosteric
osmosis
enzyme
osmotic pressure
feedback inhibition
selective permeability
metabolic pathway
turgor
product
active transport
reactant
passive transport
reaction
endocytosis
substrate
exocytosis
concentration
phagocytosis
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 5 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 5: Capturing and Releasing Energy – Key Terms
autotroph
C4 plant
heterotroph
Calvin-Benson cycle
photosynthesis
carbon fixation
pigment
photorespiration
wavelength
rubisco
chlorophyll
aerobic
chloroplast
aerobic respiration
photosystem
anaerobic
stroma
glycolysis
thylakoid membrane
photoautotroph
electron transfer phosphorylation
pyruvate
light-dependent reactions
Krebs cycle
light-independent reactions
alcoholic fermentation
CAM plant
fermentation
C3 plant
lactate fermentation
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 6 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 6: DNA Structure and Function – Key Terms
centromere
karyotype
chromosome
nucleotide
histone
sex chromosome
nucleosome
DNA ligase
sister chromatid
DNA polymerase
autosome
DNA repair mechanism
chromosome number
DNA replication
diploid
DNA sequence
Chapter 7: Gene Expression and Control – Key Terms
gene
polysome
gene expression
base-pair substitution
messenger RNA (mRNA)
deletion
transcription
insertion
translation
differentiation
promoter
transcription factor
RNA polymerase
transposable element
anticodon
gene knockout
codon
homeotic gene
genetic code
master gene
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
cancer
transfer RNA (tRNA)
tumor
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 7 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 8: How Cells Reproduce – Key Terms
meiosis
cell plate
mitosis
clone
cell cycle
sexual reproduction
chromosome number
alleles
diploid
gamete
interphase
haploid
anaphase
zygote
metaphase
crossing over
prophase
egg
spindle
fertilization
telophase
gametophyte
asexual reproduction
sperm
sporophyte
Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance – Key Terms
homozygous
bell curve
hybrid
continuous variation
phenotype
epistasis
dominant
pleiotropic
genotype
autosome
heterozygous
karotype
monohybrid cross
sex chromosome
Punnett square
pedigree syndrome
recessive
aneuploidy
dihybrid cross
nondisjunction
codominant
polyploidy
incomplete dominance
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 8 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 10: Biotechnology – Key Terms
clone
nucleic acid hybridization
cloning vector
PCR
DNA cloning
primer
genetically modified organisms (GMO)
probe
plasmid
reverse transcriptase
recombinant DNA
DNA fingerprint
restriction enzyme
electrophoresis
transgenic
sequencing
cDNA
genetic engineering
genome
genomics
xenotransplantation
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 9 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 13: Early Life Forms and the Viruses (pp. 248-265) – Key
Terms
plasmid
bioluminescent
prokaryotic conjugation
ciliate
prokaryotic fission
dinoflagellates
strain
water mold
Archaea
brown alga
Bactria
diatom
decomposer
green alga
extreme halophile
red alga
extreme thermophile
amoeba
methanogens
cellular slime mold
nitrogen fixation
plasmodial slime mold
normal flora
bacteriophage
pathogen
virus
vector
lysogenic pathway
contractile vacuole
lysis
flagellated protozoan
lytic pathway
foraminiferan
disease
pellicle
endemic disease
plankton
epidemic
protist
pandemic
algal bloom
sporadic disease
apicomplexan
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 10 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 19: Animal Tissue and Organs – Key Terms
homeostasis
blood
organ
cardiac muscle tissue
organ system
cartilage
stem cell
dense connective tissue
tissue
loose connective tissue
connective tissue
skeletal muscle tissue
endocrine gland
smooth muscle tissue
epithelial tissue
dermis
exocrine gland
epidermis
fibroblast
nervous tissue
gland
neuron
adipose tissue
negative feedback
bone tissue
sensory receptor
Chapter 22: Immunity – Key Terms
immunity
lysozyme
complement
inflammation
innate immunity
fever
adaptive immunity
plaque
antigen
MHC markers
neutrophils
T cell receptors/TCR
macrophages
effector cell
dendritic cells
memory cell
eosinophils
antibody-mediated response
basophils
cell-mediated response
mast cells
antibodies
B lymphocyte
allergen
T lymphocyte
allergy
natural killer cells
autoimmune response
normal flora
vaccine
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 11 of 12
BIO156
Introductory Biology
S. A. George
Chapter 23: Digestion and Excretion – Key Terms
absorption
stomach
digestion
villus
elimination
appendix
ghrelin
rectum
ingestion
essential fatty acids
leptin
essential amino acids
chemical digestion
mineral
enamel
vitamin
esophagus
body mass index
mechanical digestion
kidney
salivary amylase
ureter
sphincter
urethra
bile
urinary bladder
chyme
urinary system
feces
urine
gallbladder
antidiuretic hormone
gastric fluid
filtration
large intestine
nephron
liver
reabsorption
microvillus
tubular secretion
pancreas
anorexia
small intestine
kidney dialysis
20120511‐01
Paradise Valley Community College
Page 12 of 12