Animal Diversity I
Chapter 32 in Campbell 8th edition
Objectives
Understand evolutionary relationships
Diversity of animal form and function
*Just a note – a change in instructor can leads to a change in teaching style – this
may facilitate a change in the way you need to study
Phylogenetic Relationships
Figure 32.10
Animal phylogeny
based on
sequencing of
SSU-rRNA
*good idea to be
able to recreate
this phylogenetic
tree
Major Concept
PHYLA
Phylogenetic Relationships to Form
Metazoa - multicellular animals
Parazoa – no true tissues or organs
Eumetazoa – true tissues or show some tissue formation and
organ systems
Metazoa
Break out the animals by
1. Absence or Presence of
Tissues
2. Number of Tissues &
Symmetry
3. Body Cavity & Tissue
Phylogenetic Relationships to Form
Break out the animals by
1. Absence or Presence of
Tissues
2. Number of Tissues &
Symmetry
3. Body Cavity & Tissue
Asymmetrical –(no symmetry) no
organized body plan
Radial - body is arranged around a
central point at all stages of life
2 Tissue Layers – diploblastic
Bilateral - two identical mirror image
halves
3 Tissue Layers – triploblastic
Symmetry
http://johnson.emcs.net/life/images/symmetry.bmp
Phylogenetic Relationships to Form
Break out the animals by
1. Absence or Presence of
Tissues
2. Number of Tissues &
Symmetry
3. Tissue Layers & Body
Cavity within the tissues
Body Cavities
-Protostome-blastopore becomes mouth
- Ecdysozoa-things that shed an exoskeleton
through ecdysis-arthropods and nematodes
- Lophotrochozoa-Larval stage called a trocophore
larvae or have a feeding structure
called a lophophore
-Dueterostome-blastopore becomes anus-chordates and
echinoderms
Tissue Layers
ectoderm - forms the outer
layer
mesoderm - middle layer
endoderm - forms the interior
layer
Body Cavities
Coelom – body cavity
Acoelomate
Pseudocoelomate
Coelomate
All are triploblastic. Why?
What are they called?
Evolutionary Relationships to Form
Phyla
Tissues
Number of Tissues
& Symmetry
Body cavity origin
Summary
Animal Diversity –
 Memorize the different Phyla
 Identify the major characteristics of the different Phyla
 Use the major characteristics to place organisms into their
Phyla
 Cells  Tissues  Organs
 Development from a zygote
 Body cavities
 Form & Function in relation to evolutionary advantage and
ecological niche
Lab Exercises
The species used in each exercise are used for a purpose. Be able to
explain why a particular species is used to represent that group. For
example: sponges in Ex.1 are multi-cellular but don’t have organs or organized
tissues. This puts them in the Parazoa and sets them apart from the Eumetazoa.
Multi-cellular, no tissues or symmetry –Parazoa
Exercise 1 – Phylum Porifera
Number of Tissues & Symmetry –
Exercise 2 – Phylum Cnidaria
Body cavity types
Acoelomates –
Exercise 3 –Phylum Platyhelminthes
Psuedocoelomates –
Exercise 4 – Phylum Nematoda
Coelomates –
Exercise 5 – Phylum Mollusca –group Bivalvia
Exercise 6 – Phylum Mollusca – group Cephlopoda
Lab Exercise 1 - Grantia
http://www.gc.maricopa.edu/biology/lsola/BI
O182/labreview/porifera/porifera.htm
http://students.cis.uab.edu/archived/mcljess/poriferaindex.html
http://www.european-marine-life.org/02/photo-grantia-compressawb01.php
Hydra magnipapillata, fresh water polyp
http://www.geochembio.com/biology/organisms/
hydra/
Lab Exercise 2
http://universe-review.ca/R10-33-anatomy.htm
Platyhelminthes- Flatworms
http://sharon-taxonomy2009p3.wikispaces.com/Platyhelminthes
hydrostatic skeleton
diffusion
Lab Exercise 3
Lab Exercise 4
http://www.savalli.us/BIO385/Diversity/13.Nematoda.html
Lab Exercise 5 & 6
Dissections
• The cold saltwater tank in lab contains examples from
some of the groups studied in lab
• DO NOT START CUTTING UP SAMPLES WILLY NILLY !!!
• Clam and squid dissections - instruments, pans, gloves,
and disposal container for dissection remains are on
the side bench at the back of the room.
• Please try to keep this area reasonably organized
• Wash/rinse the instruments and pans after use
• Make sure You dispose of dissection remains in the
labeled container - NOT in the trash!
Cool Links
Nudibranchs link
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008
/06/nudibranchs/doubilet-photography
Veined octopus video-if you click on the
box icon on the toolbar the video will
switch to full screen mode
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/new
s/2009/12/091214-octopus-carriescoconuts-coconut-carrying.html
Photograph courtesy Roger Steene
Next Week
! ! Spring Break ! !
then
Animal Diversity II