Biology 11
STUDY GUIDE for Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Protista
Animal-like Protists
Phylum Ciliophora (Paramecium, Stentor, Vorticella)
Phylum Sarcodina (Amoeba, heliozoans, radiolarians, foraminifers)
Phylum Sporozoa or Apicomplexa (Plasmodium)
Phylum Zoomastigina (Trypanosoma)
Plantlike Protists
Phylum Bacillariophyta (diatoms)
Phylum Euglenophyta (Euglena)
Phylum Pyrrophyta (dinoflagellates)
Phylum Chrysophyta (yellow-green and golden-brown algae)
Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae – kelp)
Phylum Chlorophyta (green algae - Volvox)
Phylum Rhodophyta (red algae - agar)
Funguslike Protists
Phylum Myxomycota (acellular slime molds)
Phylum Acrasiomycota (cellular slime molds)
Phylum Oomycota (water molds)
Vocabulary
19.1 Intro to Protists
macronucleus
diatoms
eukaryote
micronucleus
carotenoids
protozoan
binary fission
meiosis
microsporidia
conjugation
bioluminescent
endosymbiosis
cytoplasmic bridge
algal bloom
19.2 Animal-like Protists
pseudopod
Euglena
cilia
Amoeba
eye spot
Paramecium
test
colony
pellicle
cyst
Volvox
ectoplasm
spores
daughter colonies
trichocysts
Plasmodium
decomposers
oral groove
flagella
19.4 Funguslike Protists
gullet
Trypanosoma
cellulose
endoplasm
Chagas disease
plasmodium
food vacuole
19.3 Plantlike Protists
acrasin
anal pore
chloroplasts
fruiting body
contractile vacuoles
phytoplankton
water mold
Key Points (see PLOs for more details)
MAIN IDEA: Protists form a diverse group of organisms that are subdivided based on their method of obtaining nutrition.
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Protists include unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes
Protists are classified by their methods of obtaining food
The first protist might have formed through endosymbiosis
Protists might have been the first eukaryotic cells with chloroplasts and mitochondria, evolving billions of years ago
MAIN IDEA: Protozoans are animal-like, heterotrophic protists.
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Protozoans are single-celled protists that feed on other organisms to obtain nutrients
Protozoans live in a variety of aquatic environments
Protozoans reproduce in a variety of ways, including sexually and asexually
Protozoans have specialized methods for movement, feeding, and maintaining homeostasis
MAIN IDEA: Algae are plantlike, autotrophic protists that are the producers for aquatic ecosystems.
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Plantlike protists produce their own food through photosynthesis
Algae are important producers of oxygen and food for aquatic ecosystems
Euglenoids, diatoms, and dinoflagellates are unicellular algae
Red, brown, and green algae have multicellular forms
MAIN IDEA: Funguslike protists obtain nutrition by absorbing nutrients from dead or decaying organisms.
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The cell walls of funguslike protists do not contain chitin
Slime molds, water molds, and downy mildew grow in aquatic or damp places
Acellular slime molds form a plasmodium that contains many nuclei but no separate cells
Cellular slime molds form colonies of cells to reproduce
Water molds envelop their food source with a mass of threads
Potential test questions
1.
What habitats are protists most commonly found in?
2.
Describe the “theory of endosymbiosis”.
3.
Trichonympha are beneficial to termites. Describe the relationship between this protist and termites.
4.
How are the fossils of foraminifera valuable clues to the possible presence of oil in rocks?
5.
How do you know whether a flagellate you are observing is a zoomastiginan or a euglenoid?
6.
Many protists that lack cell walls have contractile vacuoles. Why are contractile vacuoles important in such organisms?
7.
What is the main characteristic used to separate protozoans?
8.
What is the difference between the micronucleus and macronucleus of ciliates?
9.
What are the two hosts that are required for Plasmodium to be successful?
10. What are the three characteristics used to classify algae?
11. What benefits come from living as a colony (e.g. Volvox)?
12. Euglenoids have characteristics of both autotrophs and heterotrophs. Explain.
13. Name the organism that causes a “red tide” and why is it potentially harmful to humans?
14. What funguslike characteristic do water molds have?
15. Name two ways in which organisms benefit from members of the Kingdom Protista.
16. Name two ways in which organisms are hurt by members of the Kingdom Protista.
17. Diagrams to label: paramecium, amoeba, euglena, vorticella, volvox, stenor,
a.
Use handouts and knowledge from live specimen lab.