E
Lichtbericht 91
Arrival/departure
Are tourism and air travel on the
verge of transition from quantitative to qualitative growth? The
increasing attention given by
airport operators, hoteliers and
restaurant owners worldwide to
the requirements of their guests –
and therefore also to the architecture and lighting design – certainly
supports this impression. To give
one example: the new airport in
Montevideo, where Rafael Viñoly’s
design uses light and lightness to
celebrate the aesthetics of flying.
Published in November 2010
Contents
Introduction
1
About this issue
2
Keylights
4
Bright prospects
About this issue
Light & Technology
Report
6
Carrasco International Airport,
Montevideo
With its curvaceous roof design, the
new airport building at Montevideo in
Uruguay celebrates the aesthetics of
aviation. Light forms the link between
indoor and outdoor areas.
16
Logotec LED
Surface-mounted and recessed
­spotlights
With Logotec LED, ERCO presents its
first spotlight series which has been
exclusively designed for LEDs.
20
Focus
Spotlight and floodlight characteristics
in use.
21
Double focus
Directing the light of LEDs with
­Spherolit lenses.
Tim Henrik Maack
Background
Projects
12
Light and shadow:
airports need innovation
Technical journalist and aviation expert
Andreas Spaeth reports on the trends
and developments in the global competition between the major airports.
ERCO Lichtbericht
Imprint
Publisher: Tim H. Maack
Editor in Chief: Martin Krautter
Design/Layout: Thomas Kotzur, Christoph Steinke
Printing: Mohn Media Mohndruck GmbH, Gütersloh
1028749000
© 2010 ERCO
22
Tokyo International Forum
New light for the building that gave
Rafael Viñoly the international breakthrough in 1996. Efficient visual comfort achieves an energy saving of up
to 70%.
24
Malaga, terminal T3
Modern and efficient – that’s the
impression made by the extension to
Malaga Airport in the Spanish holiday
region of Andalusia.
28
Hotel Nixe, Binz
In the boutique hotel on Rügen Isle, a
combination of location, architecture and
top cuisine fuse together to produce a
gastronomic synthesis of the arts.
30
Hotel Santa Marta, Lloret de Mar
The traditional holiday hotel on the
Catalan coast is expanded by a new spa
area with sea view.
32
Expo Shanghai 2010: German
­Pavilion
Technology produces a city in equilibrium or a "Balancity" – to use the title
of the German Pavilion.
36
Backlights
Logotec LED spotlights: technology comes of
age. Whenever there are innovations in a particular area, it takes a while for the new technology to find its definitive form. The development
from the horse-drawn coach, to the motorised
coach through to the automobile, for instance,
went through various technical concepts and
design stages. In the Logotec LED spotlight,
we have now succeeded in developing a completely new spotlight design based purely on
the use of LEDs. We have capitalised on ERCO’s
core ­capabilities in the field of optoelectronics and channelled them into a constructional
concept. The design brief for this new spotlight
concept is probably best described with the
classic ­catchphrases “Form follows function” or
even “Less is more”. For ERCO, a design brief is
more than a knee-jerk reaction to short-lived
fashions, but something that actually comes
full circle because, in the ideal case, design is
the vehicle for further innovation.
We are pleased to present two airports to
you in this Lichtbericht. The first is Carrasco
­International Airport in Montevideo, built by
Rafael Viñoly. The architecture of this airport is
of captivating beauty, especially with its spectacularly curved roof which ensures an impressive spatial experience. Its graceful construction
gives travellers a feeling for the aesthetics of
flying right from their first steps in the airport.
By providing lighting with a connected load of
14W/m2, we have also reacted to this lightness
in terms of the energy requirements. But just as
important to us as efficiency is, as always, the
lighting quality – and the key feature here is
the uniform illumination of the “floating roof”
with Parscoop ceiling washlights. All in all, a
thoroughly successful implementation of a
­lighting concept following the dictates of efficient visual comfort.
The second airport project is the new terminal T3 in Malaga. Architecture and lighting
design for Spain’s fourth largest airport come
from the Madrid-based GOP Oficina de Proyectos. Highly shielded double-focus luminaires
were used here in order to create a very tranquil
and therefore also elegant ceiling appearance.
The wide axial spacing between the luminaires,
which is also possible here, further augments
this effect, while making a good contribution
to economic-efficiency and energy saving.
This is another example of how the concept of
efficient visual comfort can be skilfully harmonised with the requirements of the architecture
concerned.
Sometimes it’s nice to see old friends – or to
light up their faces again. The Tokyo International Forum is one such example. We first got
to know this building back in 1996. Then, as
now, it was a fascinating and daring construction that just lends itself to scenic lighting.
Today, a good 14 years later, we have had the
honour of revamping this scenic lighting using
modern lighting technology. The result is an
energy saving of 70% combined with improved
lighting quality. We are delighted that on this
project – as one of the symbols of Tokyo –
lighting quality and lighting efficiency so
positively complement each other.
Photographs (Page): Frieder Blickle (2, 3, 28-29),
Howard Brundrett/Das Fotoarchiv (36), Christian
Hacker (37), Julia Holtkötter (1), Aksel Karcher/
electricgobo (19, 20), Andreas Keller (32), David
Kuntzsch (3, 36), Joshua Lieberman (22-23), Thomas
Mayer (2, 3, 4, 20, 24-27, 30-31), Rudi Meisel (2),
Thomas Pflaum (3), Rogerio Reis (U1, 6-11), Alexan­
der Ring (2, 16-19, 21, 37, U4), Andreas Spaeth
(12-15), Dirk Vogel (2, 3), Michael Wolf (2, 32-35).
Translation: Lanzillotta Translations, Düsseldorf
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 1
Keylights
Antwerp
The Italian architects Bernardo
­Secchi and Paola Viganò designed
an urban development structure plan for the Belgian port of
Antwerp. One sub-project is the
20-metre-high roof over the forecourt of the “Stadsschouwburg”
theatre, illuminated at night by
precise beams of light from Beamer
projectors mounted in the steelwork.
Theaterplein, Antwerpen
Architect: Studio Bernardo Secchi &
Paola Viganò, Milan
Turin
Before the gates of Turin lie the
“Venaria Reale” palace and gardens
– a former residence of the Savoy
Kings and now home to various
museums. The orangery and royal
stables were extensively renovated
and converted into exhibition halls.
They have been fitted out with a
flexible lighting system consisting
of track, Cantax spotlights and a
Light System DALI lighting control.
Rome
“Radio Dimensione Suono” is one
of Italy’s most popular radio stations. Surrounding the prestigious
headquarters in Rome, spacious
gardens welcome the visitors,
effectively illuminated by ERCO
outdoor luminaires such as Kubus,
Panorama and Tesis.
RDS Radio Dimensione Suono, Rome
Architect: Nigel Rayan
Lighting design: Baldieri, Rome
www.rds.it
Solms
At the headquarters of LEICA ­
Camera in the Hessian town of
­Solms, a new, modern-looking
entrance hall awaits ­customers,
­giving the exclusive products an
appropriate introduction – all
bathed in ERCO light. The installation uses downlights and wall­
washers from the new Quintessence
system, while Cantax wallwashers
are fitted in the LEICA gallery.
LEICA brand world, Solms
Architecture and lighting design: Labor
Weltenbau, Elmar Gauggel, Stuttgart
www.leica-camera.com
Berlin
Design Hotels™, the international
association of individually designed
hotels, organises an annual symposium on architecture and design in
the context of the hotel trade. The
Future Forum 2010 took place on
the 10th and 11th of June in Berlin
and included interesting talks and
exhibitions – all beneath ERCO
light.
Paris
Outside: a facade scenically illuminated by Focalflood varychrome
Design Hotels™ Future Forum 2010,
LED. Inside: brilliant Compact HIT
Berlin
downlights with Spherolit technol- www.designhotels.com
ogy, fully controlled as a unified
whole by a Light System DALI. The
light in the Parisian Sony Store
compliments the image of the technology provider.
Sony Style Flagship Store, Paris
Architect: Saguez & Partners, Saint-Ouen;
Versions, Versailles
www.boutiquegeorge5.fr
Reggia di Venaria Reale, Turin
Architect: Massimo Venegoni, Studio
Dedalo, Turin.
www.lavenaria.it
2 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
Karlsruhe
With a fresh design concept,
the Accor group is ­repositioning
its economy hotel brand, Ibis.
This also includes intelligently
designed, attractive light to eco­
nomically increase the ambience
– for instance with Lightscan
wallwashers in the hotel bar.
Beijing
The new building for the Capital
Museum in the Chinese capital is
home to a priceless collection of
Asian artworks and artefacts. In an
atmosphere of subdued lighting,
Optec spotlights accentuate exhibits such as this golden Bodhisattva
Puxian.
Ibis Hotel, Karlsruhe
Architect: Essari & Lequime,
Karlsruhe
Interior design and lighting design:
Dreesen & Partner, Düsseldorf
www.ibishotel.com/Karlsruhe
Capital Museum, Beijing
Architect: AREP, Paris; Cuikai Architect,
CADRG, Beijing
Lighting design: Guangzhou Mingshi
Lighting Co., Ltd., Beijing; Zhongtai
­Lighting Co., Ltd.
www.capitalmuseum.org.cn
Barcelona
Welcome to the VIP lounge of the
“Best Airport in Europe 2010”. This
high accolade was awarded to
the new terminal T1 of Barcelona
Airport in the over 25 million passengers category by the “Airport
­Council International” organisation (ACI Europe). First class and
­business class passengers are able
to appreciate the merits of this
building in a modern and elegant
atmosphere, under the glare-free
light of ERCO’s square downlights.
Terminal T1, Barcelona Airport
Architect: Ricardo Bofill Taller de
­Arquitectura, Barcelona
www.bcn-viplounge.com
Ulm
The new Hotel Lago at the Ulm
trade fair presents a sleek and
modern appearance. Many details
make reference to the tradition of
the Ulm School of Design. ERCO
lighting tools add scenic lighting
to the architecture both inside and
out, and the restaurant is a prime
example of successful wallwashing.
Hotel Lago, Ulm
Architect: Nething Generalplaner Ulm/
Neu-Ulm
Lighting design: Conplaning GmbH, Ulm
www.lago-ulm.de
Amsterdam
House of God with a double function: the “Nieuwe Kerk” in the heart
of Amsterdam, a building from the
15th century, not only serves as
the official coronation church of
the Dutch royal family but also as
an unusual concert and exhibition
venue. For this purpose, a lighting system consisting of track and
Stella spotlights and controlled
by Light System DALI has been
installed.
De Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam
Architect (restoration):
Kentie & Partners B.V., Zwanenburg
Interior design: Zinsmeister interieurarchitectuur, Amsterdam
Lighting design: Jan Hofstra, Soest (NL)
www.nieuwekerk.nl
Königswinter
The Drachenburg castle towers high
above the Rhine near Bonn. It is not
a real Medieval castle, but a pseudohistorical mixture of villa, castle
and stately home, built in 1882 by
Baron Stephan von Sarter. After a
varied history, Drachenburg castle
received a preservation order in
1986 and was subsequently restored
with financial resources from the
North Rhine-Westphalia foundation trust. Since spring 2010, events
and exhibitions have again drawn
in visitors into the splendid rooms
and onto the terrace with its view
of the Rhine. Midipoll bollard luminaires mark out and illuminate the
outdoor areas of this listed building.
Drachenburg castle, Königswinter
Architect: KKW Architekten, Altena;
Gerd Bermbach Landschaftsarchitekt,
Nümbrecht
www.schloss-drachenburg.de
Barcelona
Poble Nou, the former worker’s
area near to Jean Nouvel’s “Torre
Agbar”, has recently been greatly
regenerated. One example of the
change is the Can Framis art gallery
in a former factory, now illuminated with Cantax spotlights on
suspended track.
Can Framis, Fundació Vila Casas,
Barcelona
Architect: BAAS arquitectes,
Barcelona
www.fundaciovilacasas.com
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 3
Bright prospects
4 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen (K20),
the Klee Gallery in the new extension
Düsseldorf.
Architect: Steen Trojaborg at Dissing+Weitling,
Copenhagen
Lighting design: Licht Kunst Licht, Bonn/Berlin
“Clouds” installation by Michael Sailstorfer
© VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn
Photographer: Thomas Mayer
www.kunstsammlung.de
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 5
Carrasco International Airport, Montevideo
With its curvaceous roof design, the new
airport building at Montevideo in Uruguay
celebrates the aesthetics of aviation. Light
forms the link between indoor and outdoor
areas.
Inside – Outside: the
ERCO product range enables a lighting concept
that is all cast from the
same mould. The compact
Powercast floodlights,
mounted on the low wall
abutting the access ramp,
continue the lighting of
the monolithic roof out
into the outdoor area.
The Powercast floodlights
are fitted with oval flood
Spherolit reflectors, pro­
ducing a flat, ­axially
­symmetrical light intensity distribution, and
with highly efficient 150W
metal halide lamps.
Architect: Rafael Viñoly, New York
Partnering architects: Carla Bechelli Arquitectos,
Buenos Aires
Site management: Puerta del Sur S.A. /
­Corporación América, Arq. Julian M. Evans
Lighting designer: Ricardo Hofstadter,
­Montevideo
Photographer: Rogerio Reis, Rio de Janeiro
www.aic.com.uy
The small, Latin-American country of Uruguay
lies between Argentina and Brazil. Although
on the Atlantic coast, the capital, Montevideo,
is located on the Rio de la Plata inlet giving it
a harbour that is both naturally protected and
suitable for overseas transit. The population
and the economy are concentrated in the capital – the rest of the country is sparsely peopled.
With approximately 1.5-million inhabitants,
Montevideo accounts for almost half of the
country’s total population of about 3.3 million.
The Uruguayans are a colourful mix of peoples,
mainly of European origin and predominantly
19th-century emigrants from Italy and Spain.
Uruguay is often called “Swiss South America”,
though not so much due to the cattle that graze
on the gentle hills of the interior, but rather due
to the highly developed banking and financial
sector, the stable democracy, public safety and
good educational opportunities. Stability creates prosperity and Uruguay’s per capita income
is one of the highest in South America today.
Virtually the entire industrial production in
the import and export business is concentrated
at the transport hub of Montevideo. The city
is characterised by South-European inspired
colonial architecture, yet this is intermixed with
modern buildings including such architectural
gems as the American Embassy by I. M. Pei, built
in 1969. The airport site was first opened back
in 1947 in the town of Carrasco, about 11 miles
east of Montevideo. Prospering tourism and the
location’s growing significance as a commercial
and banking centre made it urgently necessary
to build a new arrival and departure terminal.
Departure and return
Rafael Vinoly, an American architect of Uruguayan origin, received the contract to design
a suitable, new setting for the transfer of
around 1 million passengers a year. The termi­nal is his largest project to date in his former
homeland and his first ever airport building.
Although airports are items of functional infrastructure, they are also the scene of intensive
feelings. Saying farewell and returning home
are such emotional moments, but they are also
characteristic features in Viñoly’s own biography. As a young man he left home to study in
Buenos Aires in the neighbouring country of
Argentina, where in 1964, aged just 20, he cofounded the “Estudio de Arquitectura”. This was
to develop into one of South America’s largest
architectural design offices. The next big step
led him to the United States, firstly to Harvard
in 1978 and then to New York in 1979, where
he established his current design office in 1983.
His first major project in the US was the John
Jay College of Criminal Justice in 1988. Rafael
6 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 7
A spectacular spatial
experience in the extensive departure lounge
– for passengers and their
companions. The indirect
lighting with Parscoop
ceiling washlights follows
the concept of efficient
visual comfort, i.e. it is
suited to our perception
because indirect light is
free of glare, it gives the
ceiling a feeling of light-
Viñoly’s international breakthrough came with
the design of the Tokyo International Forum
cultural and congress centre, which was completed in 1996 (see page 22 in this issue).
With its gigantic steel and glass roof construction, reminiscent of a whale’s rib cage,
the Tokyo International Forum impressed the
architectural world. It showed that Viñoly
understood how to make the big gestures, a talent that he also used for the airport project of
Carrasco. For his former homeland, he created
a stand-alone structure with a monolithic roof
which curves in two axes and is impressively
dimensioned at 80-metres wide and 366-metres
long – 150 metres covering the building and
108-metres for each of the extended eaves.
Beneath this protective, elegant canopy, which
blends in well with the undulating landscape,
he placed a vertically orientated, ­transparent
building. The arrival zones are located on the
ground floor, the departure areas on the upper
floor. Above these is a large, public viewing platform and a restaurant overlooking the runway
8 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
and the main hall. Arriving passengers are not
simply herded through anonymous corridors
and underground halls, but are able to get their
bearings from a glazed mezzanine floor in the
terminal building before going to baggage
reclaim and passport control. Referring to the
spacious room dimensions with an unbroken
line of sight, architect Viñoly explains that it
is common practice in Uruguay for friends,
relatives and business acquaintances to accompany a passenger to and from the airport, so
the new terminal is therefore designed to be a
spatial experience for both travelling and non­travelling visitors alike.
The aesthetics of flying
The wing-like, arched roof and the filigree,
tubular-steel supporting structures celebrate
the aesthetics of aviation, thereby establishing
a link with such historical predecessors as the
TWA Flight Center in New York, designed by
Saarinen. The building gives a deceptive impression: the roof appears heavy simply due to its
ness and it softens the
contrast to the daylight
coming in through the
glass surfaces. It is also
efficient due to the use of
economical metal-halide
lamps, high-performance
lighting technology and
bright reflection surfaces.
sheer size, yet it rests – seemingly afloat – on
a slender spaceframe structure. Solid walls
adding rigidity don’t seem to be needed. The
glass walls are inclined outwards, or rather
“heavenwards” in the true sense of the word,
like a valuable vase that opens out at the top.
The lightness is emphasised by a stringent,
reflection-friendly and bright concept for the
colours/materials, whereby white and silvergrey, glass, metal and polished stone dominate.
A few, sparsely located, cube-shaped counters
in shining black accentuate specific functional
areas. Daylight plays an essential role due to the
clever dovetailing of indoor and outdoor areas
beneath the unusual roof construction together
with the transparent walls. The design offices
of Ricardo Hofstadter were commissioned with
the task of implementing a fitting dramaturgy
of artificial light in this unusual project.
His lighting concept is based on a strict, indirect illumination of the curved roof canopy in
both indoor and outdoor areas using a unique
quality of light. This is executed in such a way
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 9
that the light completely mimics the contours
of this impressive architectural feature. The
result is that the architectural spaces are presented as spacious halls that are flooded with
light yet offer maximum visual comfort since
there are no visible lamps. The halls are therefore absolutely glare-free despite an average
illuminance of approx. 300lx. In the indoor area,
Ricardo ­Hofstadter opted for hundreds of ERCO
Parscoop washlights for 400W metal halide
lamps, mounted on the horizontal booms of the
The editors of the American travel magazine
“Travel + Leisure” chose Montevideo-Carrasco as
the best new terminal of 2010. Almost too beautiful for a functional building, the new terminal
rises from the ground as a notable landmark,
having all the ingredients to become a modern
symbol for this charming city, where cosmopolitan citizens are impressively welcomed and bid
farewell.
Rafael Viñoly Architects
Rafael Viñoly founded his current office in
New York in 1983, later adding branches
in London and Los Angeles. With international architectural projects bringing
worldwide recognition, the design office
can now look back on a whole series of
contracts not only for striking cultural edifices, public buildings and laboratories, but
also for major urban planning schemes.
The total workforce of 225 employees not
only includes architects but also stress
engineers, visualisation specialists, model
builders, artists and design engineers. This
gives the office the necessary experience,
structure and capacity for projects of any
size. In addition to the Tokyo International
Forum, other significant designs from the
office include the Kimmel Center for Performing Arts, Philadelphia and the Boston
Convention & Exhibition Center.
The 280 Parscoop wash­lights for metal halide
lamps integrate inconspicuously into the space­
frame structure. They
are equipped with 400W
metal halide lamps. The
lighting concept ensures
horizontal illuminances
in the hall of approximately 300lx for a connected load of 14W/m².
www.rvapc.com
spaceframe structure. Due to their asymmetrical light intensity distribution, these luminaires
provide a uniform illumination of the roof without any beam edges being noticeable.
The light: efficient and comfortable
With an average lamp life of 12,000 operating
hours and a connected load of approx. 14W/m2,
the concept sets a high standard – not only in
terms of architectural lighting quality but also
in terms of maintenance and energy consumption. The continuation of the indirect illumination of the roof canopy into the outdoor area
is provided by compact ERCO Powercast floodlights for 150W metal halide lamps, mounted
on the low wall abutting the access ramp. Their
flooding, axially symmetrical light distribution
with an oval beam from precise Spherolit reflectors can be exactly aimed thanks to the mounting bracket’s adjustable angle of tilt.
In the departure gate area, the glass walls
fold back at right angles into the horizontal
plane, allowing a direct view of the sky. Powerful
ERCO Optec spotlights are mounted on tracks
integrated into the supporting structure and
define the concentrated direct lighting component. Metal halide lamps are again used here,
this time 70W versions. A recessed-mounted
variation of these direct lighting components is
found in the retail, VIP and restaurant zones in
the form of ERCO Gimbal recessed spotlights for
35W and 70W metal halide lamps. These luminaires have a cardanic suspension, allowing the
narrow, rotationally symmetrical light intensity
distribution to be exactly aimed.
10 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
Retail galleries and
duty-free shops are an
indispensable part of
any international airport
today. In these areas of
the new terminal the
lighting designers used
Gimbal directional luminaires for metal halide
lamps.
At the departure gates:
the glass and steel construction affords a clear
view of the sky. Powerful
yet compact Optec spotlights are mounted on the
structure’s bottom gird­ers. The light sources used
are 70W metal halide
lamps.
Ing. Ricardo Hofstadter
Ricardo Hofstadter has been running an
independent design office for electrical
engineering and lighting design in Monte­
video since the mid-80s. As well as the
design of electrical installations for highly
diverse projects, the office’s area of activities now primarily includes the lighting
design for buildings and public spaces.
Examples include hotels, cultural centres,
office parks, sports facilities, industrial
buildings, shops, shopping centres and
town squares. It is the aim of the office to
offer its clientele reliable solutions that
combine sheer elegance with state-ofthe-art technology.
www.richof.com
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 11
Light and shadow:
airports need innovation
Text and photos: Andreas Spaeth
Even post-credit crunch, aviation still
remains a growth industry, making
immense investment in the infrastructure
a necessity. This is because flying can only
ever be as efficient as the facilities on the
ground will allow. Worldwide, the race is
on to see who can build the greatest, best
looking and most efficient airport terminal. Lighting plays an important role here
too.
The early jet age only produced a few architectural icons that still exist today. Two of
which are located at New York’s JFK airport,
which has always been one of the most
important international hubs for global air
traffic. One is the TWA Flight Center by the
Finnish architect Eero Saarinen, who died
just a few months before the opening in
May 1962. Resembling a giant bird about
to take off, the highly notable building with
its wing-like twin roofs is designed as an
abstract symbol of flying and is one of the
most architecturally striking buildings in
the history of aviation – both outside and
inside. Now decommissioned though still
maintained, the terminal building offered
its former users a fascinating and spacious
­interior without any interfering columns
or other supporting structures. This was
combined with gently flowing lines and,
above all, plenty of light. Giant panoramic
windows afforded ample incoming day­
light, while clever indirect lighting provided
a pleasant ambiance by night. New Yorkers
became so attached to the old TWA termi­nal that the proposed demolition was prevented and the building deftly integrated
into the JetBlue terminal, which was opened
in 2008. Nevertheless, its practical future
use remains unclear.
Completed in 2006,
­Bangkok International
Airport’s functional
design by Murphy/Jahn
avoided any superficial
regional tokens. It is only
later cultural additions
like this pagoda-style
pavilion or the presence
of such passengers as
Buddhist monks that
betray the location.
12 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
Icons and their half-life
Not far away is the current terminal 3, formerly known as “Worldport” belonging to
Pan American World Airways. Opened in
1961, this building was also a symbol of the
early jet age that had begun in 1958. Most
striking is its giant, round, umbrella-like
roof which – as at Berlin Tempelhof – was
designed to protect the passengers from
inclement weather when boarding from the
initial nine departure gates. Here too, the
dominating features at first were spaciousness and lavish lighting. The latter achieved
through giant skylights and dramatic indirect lighting of the roof both inside and out.
Yet air traffic developed so rapidly that the
original design was not able to keep pace
and was subject to constant expansion. This
all came to a head at the beginning of the
Jumbo Jet age in 1970 and, as ever more
facilities were accommodated at the cost of
spaciousness and light, the Worldport very
soon lost its original architectural appeal.
After Pan Am’s demise, Delta Air Lines took
over operations in 1991, thereby inheriting
an increasingly inadequate building that no
longer met today’s requirements in terms of
aesthetics and efficiency and was ridiculed
London-Heathrow, terminal 5: the planning by
Richard Rogers began as
early as 1989. In terms
of its architecture, terminal 5 represents the norm
today for modern airports
– a solid, standard design.
Flyers, who were used to
by its users as a “Third-World terminal”.
Delta-Chef Ed Bastian recently stated with
agitation, “It is the worst facility that we
operate.” In August 2010 it was announced
that demolition of the old Worldport would
commence in 2013 and that, from 2015,
additional aeroplane parking positions would
be created in its place. The passengers would
be routed through the then expanded neighbouring building.
Aviation is a dynamic branch and remains
a growth industry. This single fact is the
bottom line for all current global airport
construction, making a modular extendable
design an absolute must. Worldwide, growth
in air traffic had been running at an annual
average of about five percent. Following the
crisis-plagued years of 2008 and 2009, the
branch predicts this level will be regained in
2010. There are, however, substantial differences in the growth figures between the
regions of the world. Europe recorded the
most modest figures at about two percent,
followed by North America. While AsiaPacific was for a long time the region with
the most extreme growth. Yet two-figure
growth is now primarily to be seen in the
Middle East and in Latin America. However,
this cannot hide the fact that amongst the
most important drivers of all are actually
two Asian countries – countries where a
newly developing, well-healed middle class
is fuelling considerable additional demand
for air travel: India and China.
China and India take off
In the Land of the Dragon the construction
of new airports is one of the government’s
most important instruments for regional
economic development. Whereas there were
just 147 commercial airports in this giant
country at the end of 2006, by 2010 this
had already increased to 192. By 2020 the
government is planning to build an additional 97 airports for an investment volume
of 64 billion US-dollars. In the outlaying
countryside, however, such projects often
end as “white elephants“ that hardly generate
any air traffic. But this will not be the case for
the second airport for Beijing which is also
in the pipeline. This comes after the capital’s existing airport was already massively
expanded to cater for the 2008 Olympics.
Though traditionally a country with
greatly neglected infrastructure, India is also
now catching up, aiming – at its international airports at least – to be able at last to
offer world standard facilities. There were
previously just 28 cities on the subcontinent
the former gloomy catacombs of Heathrow, are
still amazed to this day.
that were served by cross-border, scheduled
air traffic. In Hyderabad and Bangalore new
facilities have been developed on greenfield
sites in recent times. It was only in July 2010
at the chronically overloaded Indira Gandhi
International Airport in Delhi that India’s
largest public building was opened: termi­nal 3. Built in cooperation with private shareholders, this was erected in the record time
of three years, keeping within the planned
budget of three billion US-dollars. It was a
sensation in India. The nine-storey complex
can handle up to 34 million passengers a
year, 95% of whom, according to the air­
port operators, should have left the building
within 45 minutes of their plane landing.
This is another unprecedented development
in the Indian capital, a city where efficiency
was previously a rather unfamiliar concept.
Another “hotspot” in global airport construction is the Persian Gulf, headed up by
Dubai. Nowhere else in recent years has
seen such an extreme increase in air-traffic
volume as the desert region and, instead of
just relying on oil, it is now endeavouring to
become a central air traffic hub and a location for the tourism and service-provider sectors. Even today, Dubai already processes 40
million passengers a year, but a final expansion stage is set to bring the annual capacity
of the airport, which is close to the city, up to
80 million passengers. Opened in 2008, terminal 3 is the world’s largest building when
measured by its floor area which has a usable
space of 1.5 million square metres. The lack
of space on the airport site was so acute that
the new main building with check-in desks
for departures and baggage claim for arrivals
had to be built beneath the airfield’s existing apron. This presented a huge challenge
given the design brief to give the passengers
a bright and airy spatial experience. The
architects therefore endeavoured to compen­
sate for the inevitably lower transparency
of the underground location by way of high
ceilings, as in the arrivals area for instance.
Whereas the ceilings in many airports appear
rather low and gloomy, in the terminal which
is the exclusive preserve of the domestic Emi­
rates Airlines, Dubai greets its visitors with
cathedral-like halls that even include towering white columns and bright light.
Other challenges are being faced in the
current construction of the New Doha International Airport in the neighbouring, but no
less ambitious, Emirate state of Qatar. Here,
a large proportion of the floor area for the
new building, likely to be opened in 2012,
has had to be claimed from the flat sea of
Kuala Lumpur’s unique
architectural feature is
the glass cylinder in the
centre of the building, in
which Kisho Kurokawa
planted tropical rainforest trees and shrubs. The
effect is intended to give
passengers a foretaste
of Malaysia’s flora and
fauna.
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 13
the Gulf. In fact, the theme of “water” was
chosen as a design element and symbol for
the three-storey terminal building, which,
when operational, will offer 350,000 square
metres of floor space. “The terminal roof
curves like a wave, the Emir’s private checkin complex is designed to look as if made
from billowing sails, the Mosque looks like
a drop in water, the multi-storey car park
like a flying dragon and, from one side, the
triangular-section control tower looks like
a half moon, the symbol of Islam,” explains
Omran Assa from the US construction firm
Bechtel, the main contractor for the project.
The building interior also features Arabic
elements such as the load-bearing, round
arches, shaped to be reminiscent of crossed
swords. Local sandstone is also used. In
regions where the heat and light can be so
overwhelming, such as the Arabian Desert,
the trick in large terminal buildings is to
find the right balance between natural light
and artificial lighting. And the combination
of both is most interesting, as can be seen
in Abu Dhabi where the Mosque-like terminal from the airport’s opening year of 1982,
which solely uses artificial lighting, stands
in harmony with the adjacent extension
block in western architectural style, opened
in 2009.
Shanghai International
Airport, Pudong, was
designed by old-hand
Paul Andreu/Aéroports de
Paris. A second terminal
with identical architecture was inaugurated in
March 2008, increasing
the capacity to 60 million
passengers per year.
Terminal 4 in MadridBarajas: Right from the
initial approach, the main
building makes a striking impression due to its
shape and size. Characteristic features include
its undulating, wave­form, aluminium roof
and light-flooded interior. Designed by British
­architect Richard Roger
and his Spanish colleague
Antonio Lamela, the
14 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
terminal has an overall
length of 1,140 metres
and a floor area measuring an impressive 470,000
square metres.
A piece of jungle in the terminal
A glance at Southeast Asia gives an idea of
what modern airports should look like to the
mind of operators and planners. Sustained
strong growth since the 1990s has ultimately
led to a series of newly opened major airports in the big cities here. The most recent
addition was Bangkok Suvarnabhumi in
2006, whose passenger area at 563,000
square metres of floor area is the world’s
third largest space enclosed under one roof
after Dubai and Beijing (the competition,
Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok opened in 1999,
“only” has 510,000 square metres). The
elongated check-in areas in Bangkok resemble giant caterpillars. Their V-form roofs
are constructed from an alternation of steel
and glass together with a white, transparent
fibreglass membrane. This patented design
from a firm based in the Bavarian town of
Rosenheim has already been used in Munich
Airport Center. So it seems Bavaria provided
the inspiration for architect Helmut Jahn,
whose Chicago-based company Murphy/
Jahn is responsible for Bangkok. The airport
in Bangkok also uses a mixture of direct light
through windows, diffuse light through the
membrane and clever, indirect lighting from
luminaires placed at strategic locations and
resembling modern chandeliers. In Bangkok,
elegant indirect light with umbrella-shaped
reflectors can even be found in the spacious
duty free shops.
Malaysia’s gateway is seen as a real jewel.
Quiet music piped from speakers, extensive,
glazed areas and a piece of real rain forest
right in the middle of the terminal building
all combine with the spectacular architecture
by the Japanese designer Kisho Kurokawa to
give passenger comfort throughout. This is
exactly as the ambitious Malaysians wanted
their air traffic hub, which was opened in
1998 far south of Kuala Lumpur and is generally known by its abbreviation KLIA (Kuala
Lumpur International Airport). Seen by its
operators to symbolise the progressiveness
of their country, Malaysia’s largest airport
was voted by the ACI airport association best
in the world in its category three times in
succession (2005-2007). A unique architectural feature is the glass cylinder in the centre
of the building, in which Kisho Kurokawa
planted tropical rainforest trees and shrubs.
The effect is intended to give passengers a
foretaste of Malaysia’s flora and fauna. The
trees and plants growing here were transplanted from an existing rain forest. Even
local travellers from South Korea are pleas­antly surprised when they land at the elegant and extremely well designed Incheon
Airport, which is bathed in light. Opened
in 2001, it lies about 30 miles west of the
capital of Seoul. The complex with its wave­
form terminal, which is made of glass, steel
and marble and offers a floor area of almost
a half a million square metres, is the international hub of South Korea. Although from
the outside the terminal does not look very
Asian, the team of native architects suc­
ceeded in breathing a distinctly Korean air
into the interior. A large atrium accommodates a garden with real trees, with trunks
that tower up over two storeys, and also
water effects.
Bold, new airport buildings such as those
in Asia or in the Gulf would be unthinkable
in America or Europe. Here it takes decades
to overcome all the resistance, obstacles
and political hurdles just to extend an existing airport. Completely new projects such
as Munich (opened in 1992) or Athens
(2001) remain absolute exceptions. Even
Berlin Brandenburg International, which
is set to commence operations in the German capital in 2012, will use the runways
from the old Schönefeld airport. One of the
most daring airport expansions in Europe
came in 2006 when terminal 4 was opened
in Madrid Barajas. Right from the initial
approach, the main building makes a striking impression due to its shape and size
and, above all, its undulating, waveform,
aluminium roof and light-flooded interior. Designed by British architect Richard
Roger and his Spanish colleague Antonio
Lamela, terminal 4 has an overall length of
1,140 metres and a floor area measuring
an impressive 470,000 square metres. It is
spanned by a curvaceous roof, the inside of
which is clad with bamboo wood specially
grown in China. The feeling of space is
spectacular thanks to the light coming in
through over 550 ­skylights with reflectors
and through large glass walls. The building
has three large lanes of light which provide
colour-coded orientation for travellers while
also clearly separating the terminal’s three
­building wings.
Helsinki, terminal 2: a
wellness oasis of almost
600 square metres, ­located
airside of an ­airport terminal with a view of the
planes – that must be
the only one of its kind
worldwide. In addition to
a sauna, a small swimming pool bubbles with
Liberating Heathrow from its past
Another significant new building in Europe
is British Airways’ terminal 5, which opened
in 2008 at London-Heathrow. Despite being
the continent’s most important airport,
prior to this development it was dated and
chronically overloaded. With a ground area
the size of Hyde Park, the new building is
one of the biggest of its kind. Planning –
also by Richard Rogers – began as early as
1989. In terms of its architecture, terminal 5
represents the norm today for modern airports. It does not make any grand aesthetic
gestures, but is a solid, standard design.
Measuring 40-metres high and 396-metres
long, it is enveloped by 30,000 square
metres of glass and, in its final stage, will be
able to handle up to 35 million passengers
per year. ­Passengers are greeted by a large,
airy departure lobby, spanned by a curved
roof through which the daylight floods in.
Flyers, who remember the former gloomy
­catacombs of Heathrow, are still amazed
to this day. The new lounge is spectacular.
Looking from the terrace of the “Concorde
Room” for first-class travellers, giant windows afford a grand view as far as Windsor
Castle and the new Wembley Stadium in
the distance; while, intimate seating by the
­fireplace is offered in the restaurant. With
an open display kitchen, a champagne
bar with Swarovski crystal chandeliers and
­specially produced designer furniture and
works of art everywhere, the overall impression is a real design experience, leaving the
previous “Heathrow Horror” of many travellers a fading memory.
Sometimes, however, even small changes
can work wonders. In Helsinki airport’s terminal 2 extension, which opened in 2009,
a thousand square metres of the elegant
Via-Lounge were fitted out with finest
Finnish designer furniture and lamps, and
the lounge’s own dedicated wellness area
was built directly adjacent. This leisure oasis,
measuring almost 600 square metres and
located airside of an airport terminal with
a view of the aeroplanes, must be the only
one of its kind in the world. In addition to
a sauna, a small swimming pool bubbles
with mineral water, which is immersed in the
mystical light of greenish reflections. One
end of this area is fitted with a glass front,
whereby the lower section is one-way glass
for privacy. An endless stream of people
rush silently by, some lugging heavy hand­baggage. Immediately beyond them, the
view continues out onto the airfield apron.
Now and then, aeroplanes roll past and
mineral water, which is
immersed in the mystical
light of greenish reflections.
giant Airbus jets dock at the airbridges. Yet
looking through the glass pane of the hot,
95°C sauna, all this seems like a completely
different world, it is as if watching a video
clip on a screen instead of looking at the real
thing.
About the author
Andreas Spaeth is an aviation journalist
based in Hamburg. He has been working
for about 20 years for a number of German
and English media (including Süddeutsche
Zeitung, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,
DIE ZEIT, Lufthansa Magazin, Flug Revue,
monocle and Air International) and has
appeared as an expert on radio and TV. As
the author of many books on all subjects
to do with passenger air travel, his research
has taken him to over 90 countries, ­visiting
airline companies, aircraft builders and airports from all around the world.
www.aspapress.com
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 15
Logotec LED spotlights
Logotec LED Recessed spotlights
With Logotec LED spotlights,
ERCO presents its first spotlight
series which has been exclusively
designed for LEDs. Logotec LED,
with its modern LED lens technology, is already a viable substitute
for all spotlights with conventional
reflectors and low-voltage halogen
lamps up to 100W. The energyefficient product range is particularly noted for its system design
and state-of-the-art optoelectronics. The luminaire’s flat shape is
characteristic for the use of the
new LED technology. The shape
contributes to the optimum heat
management of the high-power
LEDs. The luminaire’s design makes
it an ideal choice thanks to its
compact shape which contains
the control gear. Six different light
intensity distributions are available
with Logotec LED. The interchangeable Spherolit lenses provide
various light distributions ranging
from narrow to wide beam, and
even including vertical illumination. Logotec LED is also available
as a recessed spotlight.
ERCO has specifically extended the
product range of ceiling-integrated
Logotec LED recessed spotlights
to make use of the properties of
LEDs. Equipped with the innovative Spherolit lens technology, this
range makes a viable replacement
for spotlights with conventional
reflectors and low-voltage lamps
up to 100W. The luminaire housing
features the flat design typical for
the use of LEDs and also contributes to the optimum heat management of the high-power LEDs. Due
to the efficient LED optical system,
the light output ratio is higher than
with conventional systems. The
tilt mechanism for the luminaire
housing means that walls can be
uniformly illuminated right up
to the ceiling. Six different light
intensity distributions are available
with Logotec LED. Since no tools
are required for mounting, the
recessed spotlights are economical
to install. The system design of the
ceiling-mounting ring or frame
means that there is consistency
between the Quintessence and
Logotec ranges and that they are
fully interchangeable. Logotec LED
is also available as a track-mounted
spotlight.
Logotec LED spotlights available
from 2011
Design
All Logotec LED spotlights
have a bracket which
allows rotation and tilt.
The compact luminaire
housing contains the
control gear for the highpower LEDs.
16 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
LED 4.6W
Daylight white
Warm white
narrow spot
LED 14W
Daylight white
Warm white
spot
flood
wide flood
oval flood
wallwash
Design
Logotec LED recessed spotlights
available from 2011
Mounting detail
Depending on which
mounting ring is used,
the installation can be
finished flush with the
ceiling or with an overlapping border.
Logotec LED is available in
white or silver finish.
LED 4.6W
Daylight white
Warm white
narrow spot
LED 14W
Daylight white
Warm white
spot
flood
wide flood
oval flood
wallwash
Design
Logotec LED recessed
spotlights are available in
round or square formats,
allowing its appearance in
the ceiling to be selected
to suit the architecture
and the style of the interior decor.
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 17
Logotec LED spotlights and
recessed spotlights
LED technology
The quality of the optical systems
has a major influence on the overall efficiency of an LED. To produce
directed light, ERCO therefore
uses optical projection systems
that have been designed and built
in-house. A collimating lens, as a
secondary lens, forms the interface between the LED lens on the
printed circuit board and the interchangeable Spherolit lens acting as
the tertiary lens. This system design
gives the user of ERCO luminaires a
unique variety of light distributions
for professional lighting design
applications. Decades of experience
in injection-moulded polymers
ensure the highest quality levels
from our in-house production
plant.
With the product range
of Logotec LED surfacemounted and recessed
spotlights, a uniform
solution can be found
for complex lighting
tasks that combine
accent lighting, floodlighting and vertical
illuminance.
ERCO LED module
ERCO collimator
ERCO Spherolit lens
Primary lens
The primary lens is
mounted directly on the
LED chip and produces
a hemispherical beam
emission.
Secondary lens
As the secondary lens, the
collimator aligns the rays
of light into a parallel
beam, enabling different tertiary lenses to be
added.
Tertiary lens
After focusing the beam,
it is the Spherolit tertiary
lens that then determines
the light distribution.
This ranges from narrow
beams to wide beams and
also includes asymmetric
light distributions for vertical illuminance.
Characteristics with Spherolit lenses
Narrow spot
The two large collimators
behind the Spherolit lens
are characteristic for the
Logotec LED spotlights
with the narrow spot
optical system. The control gear is housed in the
lower section.
Oval flood
The axially symmetrical
surface structure of
the oval flood Spherolit
lens gives a characteristic appearance to the
floodlight. The outline
of six high-power LEDs
with collimators is visible
behind the Spherolit lens.
Heat management
ERCO places particular
importance on heat management. This ensures
that LED modules operate
within their safe temperature range, achieving
rated life and output
for the specified power
throughout their entire
operational life.
Spherolit lens identification
To identify the various
tertiary lenses, the name
of the light distribution is
inscribed around the edge
of each Spherolit lens.
LOR
Narrow spot
Used to accentuate small
objects with high light
intensity or to project
over greater distances
between the luminaire
and the target object.
Beam angle < 10°.
18 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
Spot
This is the standard characteristic for accent lighting for objects of all kinds,
especially to reveal the
three-dimensional shape.
Beam angle 10°-20°.
Flood
Used for efficient accentuation of large objects
or to uniformly emphasise
a complete spatial zone.
Beam angle 25°-35°.
Wide flood
Used for flexible, flooding
illumination of surface
areas and spatial zones,
especially useful for the
presentation of goods.
Beam angle > 45°.
Oval flood
The oval flood Spherolit
lens produces a widebeam, axially symmetrical
light distribution. An oval
beam of approximately
20° to 60° is produced.
Wallwash
The light distribution of
the lens wallwasher is
designed to produce very
good uniformity.
Dimming on the
spotlight
Logotec LED spotlights
can be dimmed in two
ways, which can also be
combined. Firstly, every
LED light head has an
integrated potentiometer
to adjust the luminous
flux precisely and individually.
Dimming a circuit
Secondly, ERCO’s newly
developed control gear for
the Logotec LED spotlights
can also be operated by
external trailing-edge
dimmers.
Efficient Spherolit
lenses
The new LED wallwasher
technology with a wallwash Spherolit lens
produces double the
illuminance levels
achieved with conventional Spherolit
wallwashers.
LED lens wallwashers
With wallwash Spherolit
lens. Light output ratio
(LOR): approx. 80%
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 19
Focus
Double focus
LED
Collimating lens
Spotlight and floodlight
­characteristics in use
Track-mounted luminaires bring
flexible light into architecture. They
offer adjustability in terms of both
position and direction, while the
selection of different light intensity
distributions gives an important
added advantage. As a result, the
various optical systems allow indi­vidual, efficient solutions to be
found for highly varied ­lighting
tasks. The categorisation into
accent lighting, floodlighting and
wallwashing provides an approach
to the design work.
The narrow beam of accent
lighting separates what is important from what is not and can
therefore help guide our perception, e.g. in exhibitions or salesrooms. The decision whether to
go for a wide or very narrow beam
depends on the desired contrast
to the surroundings and on the
size and distance of the object. To
scenically illuminate a bouquet of
flowers in a lobby to good effect,
a “narrow spot” would be ideal,
whereas larger objects at shorter
ranges can be better emphasised
with a “wide flood”. The “oval flood”
light distribution is optimum for
elongated displays or elements,
whereby a luminaire with an “oval
flood” light distribution can be
used instead of several rotationally
symmetrical spotlights. The “wallwash” characteristic produces a
uniform light for vertical surfaces,
e.g. to illuminate pictures in museums or to clearly divide spaces.
The precise harmonisation of
the light distribution to the lighting
task is a crucial factor for efficient
visual comfort. Such harmonised
concepts require fewer individual
luminaires and therefore also need
fewer resources for installation
and operation.
TS
20 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
Accent lighting
The directed accent light
differentiates between
what is important and
what is not. It attracts
attention and directs the
viewer’s gaze to details.
Floodlighting
The flood-type illumination allows large objects
or spatial zones to be
emphasised. Oval beams
are ideal especially for
elongated items or for
objects arranged in a row.
Directing the light of LEDs
with Spherolit lenses
With LED lighting tools for directed
light, ERCO uses Spherolit ­lenses
as tertiary lenses to direct the
light. In terms of their technology
and light distribution, the Spherolit
lenses are based on the ­patented
Spherolit reflectors, which are well
established with conventional
light sources. In addition to excellent lighting quality, they also offer
many practical advantages for
both lighting designers and users.
The transmission of light through
the polymer Spherolit lens has
fundamentally lower losses than
with reflection, which has a positive effect on the light output ratio
(LOR). The Spherolit technology is
based on dividing a large lens or
reflector surface into many individual, three-dimensionally domed
Spherolit lens
facets, each of which directs the
light through refraction. After the
collimator has focused the rays
of light, it is the Spherolit ­tertiary
lens that determines the light distribution. This ranges from ­narrow
beams to wide beams and also
includes asymmetric light distributions for vertical illuminance.
Characteristics with Spherolit lenses
At ERCO, the manufacturing process for the
Spherolit lenses and collimators all takes place
under one roof: from
complex calculations
and computer simulations to tooling up and
final production.
Oval flood
The oval flood Spherolit
lens has an axially symmetrical light intensity
distribution, producing
an oval beam of approx.
20° to 60°.
Wallwash
The light distribution of
the lens wallwasher is
designed to produce very
good uniformity.
Wallwashing
Vertical illuminance is
able to clearly present
a given space, making
the form of the architec­
ture more legible and
creating a bright spatial
impression.
Narrow spot
Used to accentuate small
objects with high light
intensity or to project over
greater distances between
the luminaire and the
target object. Beam angle:
< 10°.
Spot
This is the standard characteristic for accent lighting for objects of all kinds,
especially to reveal the
three-dimensional shape.
Beam angle: 10°–20°.
Flood
Used for efficient accentuation of large objects
or to uniformly emphasise
a complete spatial zone.
Beam angle: 25°–35°.
Wide flood
Used for flexible, flood­ing illumination of surface areas and spatial
zones, especially useful
for the presentation of
goods. Beam angle: > 45°.
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 21
Tokyo International
Forum
Architect: Rafael Viñoly Architects, New York
Lighting designer: Claude R. Engle, Chevy Chase;
Lighting Planners Associates, Tokyo
Photographer: Joshua Lieberman, Tokyo
New light for the building that gave
Rafael Viñoly the international breakthrough in 1996. ERCO’s efficient visual
comfort achieves an energy saving of
up to 70%.
www.t-i-forum.co.jp/english
With its striking shape, Tokyo International
Forum has not only developed into one of
Tokyo’s most important cultural and conference centres, but has also become a veritable
landmark, an unchanging constant in the everchanging cityscape of the Japanese capital.
At the time of its construction in 1996/97, it
was heralded as the pinnacle of technology
and architecture. Today, new lighting poses
enormous potential for saving energy, yet still
retains the qualities of the original lighting
design.
The lighting designers originally created the
fascinating lighting of the spectacular atrium
and many other areas of the building using the
best lighting tools from ERCO that were then
available – partly using traditional spotlights
and downlights for halogen lamps and partly
using custom-built designs.
The management of Tokyo International
Forum recently decided to completely renew
the lighting installation. Their objective was
to ensure that the quality was at least equal
to that of the original lighting concept while
using modern, future-proof, off-the-peg products. The investment was to pay for itself via
drastic reductions in energy consumption and
maintenance costs. An additional challenge
was presented by the owners’ request to keep
to the existing installation openings. Using
the concept of efficient visual comfort, ERCO
offered a solution for this task, which was based
on intelligent, perception-orientated lighting
design. Implemented with efficient metal halide
lamps in luminaires with high-quality lighting
technology, this promised total energy savings
of about 70%.
Accent light for the roof construction
The gigantic, zeppelin-like, steel roof construction is now scenically illuminated by no less
than 588 recessed spotlights with spot and
flood reflectors, shining from the lower edge
of the glazed side walls. It was possible here to
replace the previously used Gimbal recessed
spotlights for 75W AR111 low-voltage recessed
spotlights by versions with 20W metal halide
lamps. The lighting effect is most convincing
and the energy saving is 73%. At 12,000 hours,
the functional life of the high-pressure lamps is
about six times longer, giving a corresponding
reduction in maintenance work. Given the large
number of individual spotlights, this makes a
significant difference.
In the lobby of the large “Hall A”, it was also
evident that 15 years of progress in lighting
technology have enabled the idea for a lighting concept to be re-implemented and even
improved upon – with reduced energy consumption. For instance, the high-quality reflectors of the Gimbal recessed spotlights for metal
halide lamps produce a more uniform light
on the floor than the old spotlights for 150W
halogen lamps. The new design specifically uses
different wattages for the different mounting
heights (35W or 70W), giving an energy saving
of 73% here too.
The building operators are most satisfied with
the result. “When we thought about renovating
the lighting, it was important for us to find an
energy efficient lighting solution to reduce the
CO2 emission and to save energy costs, a crucial
aspect nowadays, but at the same time to keep
the high level performance of the original lighting design,” explains Toshikazu Koike, Senior
Operating Officer of the Facilities Management
Group of TIF, adding, “With the new efficient
lighting performance we are happy that this
great architecture can maintain its attractiveness and stand as one landmark of Tokyo for
many more years in the future.”
Efficient wallwashing in the atrium
The illumination of vertical surfaces defines the
architecture and determines the overall impression of brightness. This is why wallwashing is
a central factor of efficient visual comfort. On
the access ramps, wallwashers with 500W and
300W halogen lamps were replaced by models
with 150W metal halide lamps. This gave a 70%
energy saving with improved lighting quality.
An energy saving and a simultaneous
improvement of the visual impression was
also made possible with the illumination of
the inclined walls in the atrium using recessed
floor luminaires. Uplights with PAR lamps from
another manufacturer were replaced by Nadir
grazing light wallwashers with 20W metal
­halide lamps, giving an energy saving of 69%.
22 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
HIT
Efficient vertical illu­
minance determines
the impression of brightness and defines the
spatial boundaries. Lens
wallwashers as well as
washlights with 150W
HIT lamps in warm white
(3,000K) replace the
custom-built luminaires
with 300W and 500W
PAR lamps.
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 23
Malaga, terminal T3
Modern and efficient – that’s the ­impression
made by the extension to Malaga Airport
in the Spanish holiday region of Andalusia.
Here too, efficient visual comfort dictated
the lighting design in the new terminal T3.
Supported by slender
columns, the compart­
mentalised ceiling sets
the tone for the new
terminal. It protects the
building against over­
heating due to the direct
ingress of sunlight, while
its height allows suffi­
ciently diffused daylight
in through the glass
facade.
Architecture and lighting design: GOP Oficina
de Proyectos, Bruce Fairbanks, Madrid
Electrical planning: Ghesa Ingeniería, Madrid
Photographer: Thomas Mayer, Neuss
www.aena.es/malaga
The ERCO double-focus
downlight for metal
halide lamps offers all the
usual advantages typical
for this optical design,
such as high visual com­
fort for a particularly
small ceiling opening.
Furthermore, since it can
be optionally fitted with
35W, 70W or 150W lamps,
it is also extremely flex­
ible, for instance, allowing
the luminous flux to be
adapted to different ceil­
ing heights.
24 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
Malaga’s international airport is the fourth
largest in Spain and plays a central role in the
tourism of Andalusia due to its location on
the Costa del Sol. The new terminal T3, which
went operational in March 2010, has enabled
the ­airport to double its passenger capacity
to 30 million per year. The architect of the
new terminal is Bruce Fairbanks, an American
who has lived in Spain for two decades and
co-founded the GOP design office in Madrid.
He has already designed the control tower at
Malaga Airport and those at Madrid-Barajas,
Barcelona and Santiago. He is currently work­
ing on the new terminal for the airport in
Alicante.
Uniformly designed, high ceilings provide a
spacious atmosphere in the terminal’s various
waiting areas and traffic zones. And even from
this great height, the Lightcast double-focus
downlights ensure efficient visual comfort
through glare-free, uniform light. Their superior
performance allows an economical mounting
layout with large axial spacing. By fitting the
l­uminaires with long-life metal halide lamps
rated at 35W, 70W or 150W, the luminous flux
can be adjusted to suit the actual mounting
height.
The departure gates or ancilliary areas such as
toilets have also been carefully illuminated with
high-quality lighting. In these areas, Lightcast
and Compact 100 downlights for compact fluo­
rescent lamps economically provide ambient
lighting with high visual comfort.
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 25
Airport adventure
Air travel has now
become affordable for
more members of society
and yet it is still not an
everyday experience for
most passengers. There­
fore, after decades of
expansion, in which the
dark side of commercial
operations for the masses
have also become appar­
ent, airport operators
are now devoting much
attention to the architec­
tural quality and pleasant
ambiance of an airport.
Events such as the flying
bans imposed after the
eruption of the Icelandic
volcano, Eyjafjallajökull,
or the increasingly strin­
26 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
gent security measures,
have thrust both the
importance and the vul­
nerability of the complex
system that is aviation
into the public conscious­
ness.
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 27
Hotel Nixe, Binz
Architecture and lighting design:
Thomas Hummels, Tauting
Photos: Frieder Blickle, Hamburg
Beach view, Michelin-star cuisine, light and
design. In Thomas Hummels’ boutique hotel
on the island of Rügen, a combination of
prime location, Art Nouveau architecture
and a strict design concept fuse together
to produce a gastronomic synthesis of the
arts.
www.nixe.de
From the attractive substance of the building,
he created a boutique hotel combining a classic
resort style with contemporary architecture.
Hotel Nixe opened in 2008 and offers 16 individual, luxurious suites and junior suites as
well as a cosy spa area. The icing on the cake
is the hotel restaurant. Under its head chef
Ralf Haug, it had already gained a Michelin
star and 16 points with Gault-Millau by 2009,
making it one of the top culinary addresses in
Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. The attention
to detail given throughout the whole establishment to the interior design and the lighting
does not stop at the restaurant. Both inside and
on the terrace, ERCO light exudes an apt, highquality, yet discreet atmosphere, bringing out
the best in the décor and in the dishes served,
while also ensuring efficient visual comfort. The
latter is attributed to the perception-orientated
design and the highly shielded lighting tools.
The guests feel at ease, while efficient technology protects the environment and contributes
to an economical operation.
Prominent location: even
at night, the Hotel Nixe on
the southern beach promenade of Binz is a real
eye-catcher. The building
is scenically illuminated by
Beamer projectors and by
LED-equipped Kubus and
Focalflood varychrome
facade luminaires. Midipoll
bollard luminaires provide
lighting on the terrace
and in the park, while also
acting as a design element
delineating these areas.
28 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
The lighting concept
in the restaurant uses
highly shielded Starpoint
­downlights in surfacemounted and pendent
versions, together with
Optec spotlights and indirect lighting from Trion
uplights. A Light System
DALI installation ensures
the lighting is always
right for the situation.
Head chef Ralf Haug is
delighted with the high
accolade awarded to his
kitchen in November
2009. The Nixe is the first
ever restaurant on Rügen
to receive a star from the
Michelin Guide.
Tourism on the Baltic island of Rügen is doubtless one of the success stories of the German
reunification. Since 1989, Germany’s largest
island has been steadily regaining its deserved
status as a holiday destination. Seaside towns
such as Binz, Sellin, Göhren and Sassnitz sound
as if they come from the times of the Kaiser,
when Rügen was the preferred summer resort
of Berlin’s gentry.
The typical, seaside-resort architecture, which
is influenced by Art Nouveau and characterises
the atmosphere of these places, also dates back
to this time. Fortunately, entrepreneurs and
caterers turned up, who, recognizing the value
of this heritage, awoke many a sleeping beauty
from its 100-year sleep or rescued it from ruin.
As was the case with the “Villa Seenixe” in Binz,
located directly behind the popular, 5-mile-long
sandy beach. The current manager, Thomas
Hummels, took on the Art Nouveau jewel, which
was built in 1903 as a summer residence but
had experienced mixed fortunes in the post-war
period prior to the German reunification.
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 29
Hotel Santa Marta
Surrounded by woody hills and with a
view of the sea, Hotel Santa Marta offers
the ­ideal refuge from the tumult of the
nearby seaside resort of Lloret de Mar on
the ­Spanish Costa Brava. A new, elegant
spa area now brings an additional plus to
the traditional establishment.
Midipoll bollard luminaires not only provide
efficient light on the
open areas, but their
discreet grazing light on
their ­cruciform profile
also allows them to act
as design elements that
delineate these areas. For
the garden and terraces
of the new spa, the lighting designers chose tall
and short versions with
35W metal halide lamps.
In addition to Midipoll,
the hotel uses Cylinder
facade luminaires, LED
orientation luminaires
and Kubus floor washlights all around the new
building.
Standing on the roof terrace of the new spa
of the Santa Marta hotel, which is discreetly
illuminated by Midipoll luminaires, and watching the sunset over the hotel’s private bay, one
would hardly believe that only a few kilometres
separate this beach from the Catalan bathing
resort of Lloret de Mar. The noise and tumult of
the latter, famous – or rather infamous – as the
destination for Europe’s party-hungry youth,
is not felt here at all. Situated in six hectares of
pine forest, the location on the hilly coast has
always been the main argument for the traditional holiday hotel, which can boast a splendid
sea view from the majority of its rooms. With
personal service and a charm typical of the
country, the hotel gives its guests an impression
of the bygone era before mass tourism on the
Mediterranean.
This stance, conservative in its positive sense,
has not prevented the hotel management from
integrating contemporary comfort and design
and up-to-date architecture into their overall
concept. This is exemplified by the hotel’s newly
opened spa area, moulded into the site as a
separate building. It includes an indoor pool, a
fitness room, cosmetics and massage treatment
rooms , as well as the previously mentioned roof
terrace, which is ideal not only for enjoying the
view but also for events of all kinds. The clean
architectural lines with high-quality materials
are augmented by the carefully planned light­ing design in indoor and outdoor areas that
underscores the hotel’s status.
Architect: Carles Sobirà, Lloret de Mar
Photos: Thomas Mayer, Neuss
www.hstamarta.com
Keep-fit with sea view:
even the fitness room
incorporates the landscape into the architecture. Compact 100
Downlights for compact
fluorescent lamps provide efficient and user­friendly lighting here.
IP65 Lightcast Downlights
illuminate the periphery
of the indoor swimming
pool, whose glass front
opens up the view to the
sea. The high protection
mode of these luminaires
ensures a lasting resistance to the loads in the
wet areas.
30 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
Efficient wallwashing
in the corridors of the
spa area. Quadra lens
wallwashers illuminate
the wall surfaces, pro­
viding pleasant, glarefree brightness and
scenic display lighting
of the care products on
the fitted shelves.
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 31
Expo Shanghai 2010: German Pavilion
Technology produces a city in equilibrium,
or “Balancity” – headed up by this title, the
German Pavilion in Shanghai has developed
into one of the crowd-pullers of the World
Fair.
A tour de force through
the many facets of today’s
Germany awaits the visitors: the presentation of
technology and visions
of the future, would not
be complete without the
clichéd stereotypes of
history and German home
comforts.
Architecture and master planning:
Schmidhuber + Kaindl GmbH, Munich
Exhibition design and media design:
Milla und Partner GmbH, Stuttgart
Execution and project management:
Nüssli (Deutschland) GmbH, Roth
Lighting design:
E³ Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Altenbeken
Photos: Michael Wolf, Andreas Keller
www.expo2010-deutschland.de
The German Pavilion was one of the crowdpullers at the Expo 2010 in Shanghai. Halfway
through, at the end of July, the organisers had
already recorded two million visitors; queuing
times of 3 to 4 hours was more or less patiently
accepted by the predominantly Chinese guests.
“Typically German” stereotypes such as garden
gnomes or fairy castles are present as mere
ironic props. However, the complex and tech­
nical overall form of the shining silver pavilion
and the thoroughness and seriousness with
which the “Balancity” exhibition has taken up
and honed the Expo’s underlying urban theme
of “Better City, Better Life” may in fact seem to
visitors just as “typically German” as the meat
platter with sauerkraut, naturally served in the
restaurant.
As in any real city, the stream of visitors
meandered through the reconstructed city
scenes by foot, conveyor belt or escalator. The
exhibition was conceived by the Stuttgartbased agency Milla and Partner in close cooperation with the pavilion’s architect, Lennart
Wiechell from the Munich design offices of
Schmidhuber + Kaindl.
Similarly, as in any real city, lighting designer
Ulrich Kunkel from the E³ design office was faced
with many different usage situations. Initially
commissioned to do the exhibition’s lighting,
during the course of the project he also took
on further areas such as the restaurant and VIP
lounge as well as the outdoor lighting. Like a
diamond, the optimum effect of the pavilion’s
facetted surface is only brought out under the
right lighting. With the help of ERCO’s outdoor
lighting tools, the expectations awoken in the
run-up to the event by the highly effective
architectural visualisations were more than
fulfilled.
Constructed from metalfabric, the shimmering
silver outer skin emphasises the technological
complexity of the volumes and intermediate
spaces that constitute
the German Pavilion.
Tesis in-ground luminaires and Beamer pro­
jectors with efficient
metal halide lamps add
scenic lighting to the
building shell (above).
32 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
The use of angular forms
is continued on the inside,
as here in the VIP lounge
(right), which is fitted out
with Lightcast downlights
and Quadra wallwashers.
A design exhibition
informs visitors about the
state of the art of German industrial products.
Acting as both lighting
tool and exhibit: the
track-mounted Cantax
spotlights are “made
in Germany” to Naoto
Fukasawa’s design.
In the pavilion’s metaphorical “Energy Centre”,
the three metre diameter
“disco ball” hanging in
the middle of the room is
set in motion by the sheer
volume of visitors’ calls
and their applause. To
augment the scenic display, Quadra wallwashers
with varychrome LED
technology illuminate the
hall’s rear wall with intensive, changing colours.
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 33
Expo Shanghai 2010: impressions
Photos: Michael Wolf, Hong Kong
View of the Huangpu ­River,
which divides the Expo
site (above). The sprawling
industrial wasteland and
the old residential suburbs
were both moved for
the World Fair. Although
18,000 people were resettled, amidst the mushrooming development of
the metropolis this was
nothing more than a footnote. The Chinese Pavilion
with its illuminated red
After the 2008 Summer Olympics, China was
once again in the limelight of the world stage
this summer with a second mega-event. The
Expo 2010 World Fair was held in Shanghai
from the 1st of May to the 31st of October 2010.
­Furthermore, as is fitting for a land of superlatives, it was the largest Expo of all times with a
site measuring 5.28km2 (approx. 2 square miles),
242 participating nations and organisations,
and a planned 70 million visitors. Rallying under
the banner of “Better City, Better Life”, the event
focused in on a subject matter that is a particularly burning current issue for such a rapidly
growing country as China: the design of cities
that are worth living in and fully functional. The
basic tenor of the exhibition was one of optimism and enthusiasm for progress, combined
with the desire for conflict-free intercultural
dialogue. One thing was clear: for China this
Expo was an important milestone in its devel­
opment towards a modern industrial society.
roof construction of
stacked steel girders towers above the site. As per
the building regulations,
it is three times the size of
all other pavilions (left).
Like a UFO, the saucer of
the Expo Cultural Centre
hovers above the site
(left). This is one of the
buildings that is designed
to continue to be in
use after the Expo – in
­contrast to the temporary
structures such as the
British Pavilion (above).
What remains are the
impressions and encounters of the visitors from
all around the globe.
In a former shipbuilding
shed, the state-owned
CSSC shipyard presents its
latest concepts. Narrowbeam Oseris spotlights
provide highlighting, but
without any spill light
which would otherwise
impair the ubiquitous
multimedia presentations.
Play of colours, gener­ated by LEDs, on the
Expo Boulevard, the
main axis of the exhibi­tion grounds (above). At
the Moroccan Pavilion
(left), oriental motifs
are illuminated with
scenic light from ERCO
lighting tools such as
Kubus facade luminaires,
Grasshopper projectors and Tesis in-ground
­luminaires.
34 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 35
Backlights
Munich
The showroom in the
Bavarian metropolis first
opened back in 2009 on
the 19th of November.
ERCO occupied one floor
of a listed building, a
former factory dating
back to about 1895. Notable architectural offices
and design offices are in
the vicinity. The exposed,
historical brickwork and
the cap-vaulted ceilings
attractively combine with
the modern furnishings
and fittings used for demonstrating lighting tools
and their effects.
New showroom in Zurich
With its spacious new showroom for Switzerland, ERCO adds a lighting design highlight to
the Zurich district of Wipkingen. The flexible
mock-up area allows a wealth of lighting tools
and effects to be demonstrated, while offices
and meeting areas create the optimum conditions for individual client consultation.
On the 20th of May
2010, ERCO Switzerland
celebrated the showroom opening together
with clients and friends.
As host and as Head of
ERCO Switzerland, Peter
Schwägli greets the
guests (right).
ERCO Lighting AG
Trottenstrasse 7
8037 Zürich
Switzerland
Tel.: +41 44 215 28 10
Fax: +41 44 215 28 19
email: info.ch@erco.com
New showrooms in Germany
ERCO’s German sales organisation follows the
concept of establishing a presence in Germany
by having attractive offices and showrooms in
the country’s important major cities so that it is
then able to offer architects and designers the
best service from a nearby location.
Following Stuttgart and Munich in 2009,
now in 2010 Berlin and Hamburg also have their
own new ERCO showrooms, offering all the
possibilities for bringing light to life. The showrooms are, on the one hand, central offices for
the support of the lighting consultants in the
field sales force, while, on the other, they also
provide a venue to demonstrate lighting effects
and product samples and to hold seminars and
project meetings. For all the contact addresses
of the ERCO showrooms, please go to:
www.erco.com/contact
ERCO Leuchten GmbH
Showroom Berlin
Reichenberger Str. 113A
10999 Berlin
Germany
Tel.: +49 30 769 967 0
Fax: +49 30 769 967 20
email: info.berlin@erco.com
36 ERCO Lichtbericht 91
Berlin
On the 6th of May 2010,
ERCO opened its new
showroom in the Berlin
district of Kreuzberg. After
extensive renovation, the
industrial premises in a
typical, historical Berlin
rear-courtyard house now
provide state-of-the-art
technical infrastructure.
The ERCO corporate
identity has made it possible to largely retain the
essential character of the
premises, while clearly
conveying the philosophy
of the brand. The setting
of the new showroom is a
popular location for businesses from the creative
branch.
ERCO Leuchten GmbH
Showroom Munich
Nymphenburger Str. 125
80636 München
Germany
Tel.: +49 89 120 099 40
Fax: +49 89 120 099 499
email: info.muenchen@erco.com
International Lighting Workshop
Lüdenscheid, 17-21 August 2010
For several years now, ERCO has been ­offering
lighting workshops outside of the usual term
times for students of architecture, interior
design and lighting design. This was initially just
in German, but later also in English for international participants. The programme includes
exercises for lighting design as well as excursions
to excellent examples of museum and retail
lighting, accompanied by experienced architects
and lighting designers. The events were hugely
popular and very well received – which was both
a positive surprise and confirmed the attraction of the subject of architectural lighting. We
would like to thank all participants for their
interest and enthusiasm!
www.erco.com/seminars
The Structure of Light:
Richard Kelly and the Illumination of
Modern Architecture
by Dietrich Neumann (publisher)
Yale University Press
ISBN-13: 978-0300163704
The American Richard Kelly (1919-1977)
was a pioneer of architectural lighting.
His qualitative approach to lighting design
not only left its mark on subsequent generations of designers, but also influenced
manufacturers such as ERCO. The first comprehensive monograph on Kelly, dedicating 224 pages to his life and work, has now
been published by the renowned Yale University Press.
ERCO Lichtbericht 91 37
Retrospective on
Light+Building 2010
11th – 16th of April 2010
Messe Frankfurt
www.light-building.com
Linked by the overarching concept
of efficient visual comfort, two
major themes governed this year’s
ERCO trade fair stand. Firstly, the
new range of recessed luminaires,
Quintessence, and secondly, the
LED technology introduced across
all areas of the product range. The
interest shown was overwhelming
and even put the success of past
trade fairs in the shade. A kinetic
installation using light and moveably mounted Quintessence reflectors made an eye-catching stand
display that amazed visitors.
A sincere thank you to all guests
and employees – we look forward
to meeting again in 2011 at the
Euroshop in Düsseldorf and in
2012 in Frankfurt!
E
ERCO GmbH
Postfach 2460
58505 Lüdenscheid
Germany
Tel.:+49 2351 551 0
Fax:+49 2351 551 300
info@erco.com
www.erco.com