Barbary Pirates
• From N. African Arab states
– Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli
The Louisiana Purchase
Chapter 6, Section 2
• Seized merchant vessels
– Held ships and crews for ransom
– Unless they were pd. tribute
• Raised by the Pasha of Tripoli
– “To the shores of Tripoli”—
Marine Corps Hymn
• Declared war against in May
1801
• Stephen Decatur
– Greatest Am. hero in war
Louisiana Territory
• Ceded by Spain to France in 1800
• Voided Treaty of San Lorenzo
(Pinckney Treaty)
– Gave U.S. transit rights on the
Miss. R.
– Gave U.S. right of deposit in New
Orleans
• Threatened hold on lands W. of
Appalachians
– Farmers might not get crops to
market.
• Feared Napoleon building a N.
American empire
– Which was his plan!
Toussaint L’Ouverture
• A.k.a., the “Black Napoleon”
• Led a slave revolt on the island
of Hispaniola
– Saint Dominque (Santo Domingo)
• Finally crushed after Napoleon
sent 20,000 troops
– Which finally crushed the revolt
– But suffered a heavy toll b/c of
yellow fever
• Carried by mosquitoes
• Ended Napoleon’s dream of a
N. American empire
– At least for the time being
Negotiations
• Robert R. Livingston
– U.S. minister to France
• James Monroe
– Sent to France specifically to
negotiate deal
– Authorized to purchase New
Orleans and W. Florida
• For up to $10 million
• Talleyrand
– French foreign minister
– Offered all of Louisiana for $15
million in 1803
• 60 million francs
• About 3¢ per acre
• Agreed to by Livingston and
Monroe
– Before Napoleon changed his mind
– But w/o the consent of either
Jefferson or Congress
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Jefferson’s Dilemma
• He was a strict constructionist.
– No power to add new territory
– No power to grant citizenship to residents of territory
– So concluded the purchase was unconstitutional
• He submitted the treaty to the Senate anyway.
– Which easily ratified it by the required 2/3 vote
– Opposed by the Federalists
• Who ironically had always been loose constructionists
• B/c the W. had been voting Republican
– More western states, more Republicans, less control for Federalists
– Saw the Louisiana Purchase as their death warrant
Zebulon Pike
• Explored headwaters of
•
Miss. R. and southern
portion of Rocky Mts. in
1805
After whom Pike’s Peak
is named
Lewis and Clark
• Sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase
(1804-06)
• Meriwether Lewis
– Jefferson’s personal secretary
• William Clark
– Professional soldier
– Had participated in
Timbers
Battle
of
Fallen
• Departed from St. Louis during winter of
1804
• Assisted by Sacajawea
– Shoshone guide and translator
• Followed course of Missouri R.
• Went as far as the mouth of Columbia R.
– Giving the U.S. claims to the Oregon
Country
Essex Junto
• Organized by Timothy
Pickering in 1804
• Sought to est. a northern
confederacy
– breaking New England away from
the Union
• Sought to enlist support of
Aaron Burr
– Vice pres. and governor
candidate for NY
• Could stop move against New
England if governor
– Lost the governorship to regular
Republican
• Essex Junto collapsed
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Burr Conspiracy
Burr Conspiracy
• Duel w/ Hamilton
• Arrested in 1806 for treason
–
–
–
–
July 1804
For Hamilton blocking Burr’s presidential ambitions
Ended w/ Hamilton’s death
Convicted of murder
• But fled to the W.
– For planning to separate the W. from the U.S.
• To unite w/ territory to be conquered from Spain
– Tried by John Marshall
– Acquitted
• Two witnesses to same overt act not found.
– As required by the Constitution
• Marshall may be been biased in favor of Burr.
– B/c of dislike for Jefferson
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