H F D E S I G N A N D A N A LY S I S
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®
C H A N G I N G T H E STA N DA R D S
WHO WE ARE
CSTdevelopsandmarkets
softwareforthesimulation
ofelectromagneticfieldsin
allfrequencybands.CST’s
simulationtoolshavebene
f i t e d f ro m ove r 2 0 ye a r s
experienceintheareaof
numerical fieldcalculation.
Acomprehensivenetwork
of distribution andsupport
centresinEurope,theFar
EastandNor thAmerica,
ensureoptimalservicefor
everycustomer.CST-Com
puterSimulationTechnolo
gy»Changingthestandards
for3DEM simulation«.
CST develops and markets software for the simulation of electromagnetic fields in all frequency
bands. CST’s simulation tools have benefited
from over 20 years experience in the area of
numerical field calculation. A comprehensive
network of distribution and support centres in
Europe, the Far East and North America, ensure
optimal service for every customer.
CST – Computer Simulation Technology
»Changing the standards for 3D EM simulation«.
Beside the flagship module, the broadly
applicable Time Domain Solver, CST MWS
offers two further modules for specific
applications: the Eigenmode and Frequency Domain Solvers. Filters for the import
of specific CAD files and the extraction of
SPICE parameters enhance design possibilities and save time. In addition, CST
MWS is embedded in a larger design environment through CST DESIGN STUDIO™
whose open architecture provides a link
with external simulators.
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is seen by an
increasing number of engineers as an
industry standard development tool.
WHAT WE OFFER
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is a specialist
tool for the fast and accurate simulation
of high frequency problems on a PC in a
Windows® based environment. Applications include, amongst others: couplers,
filters, planar structures, connectors, EMC
and SAR problems, packages, and all kinds
of antennas.
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3
WHY CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® ?
Performance
High speed and low memory requirements. Excellent geometrical representation through PBA. Parallelisation for
multi-processor boards.
Ease of use
Intuitive GUI makes CST MWS easy to
learn and use. Special templates for
antenna design, EMC problems, filter
tuning, TDR and other applications are
included to make your life easier.
Import / Export
Import / export filters for CAD data with
automatic and powerful healing options
save valuable time.
Optimisation
Full parameterisation promotes excellent
design through the use of a highly efficient optimiser.
CST MWS’s features will secure your designs
a major time-to-market advantage.
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WHY CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® ?
Vivaldi antenna
PerformanceCSTsimula
torshaveproventheiroutst
andingaccuracyandspee
dinnumerouspublicbench
markspublishede.g.byMi
crowaveEngineeringin
theyears19951999and2000
.AllkindsofMWdevicesha
vebeenanalysed:awavegui
depowersplitter,micro
stripphaseshifter,wavegui
defeddualmodecavityfilte
randavivaldiantennaasillu
stratedonthissite.The com
binationoftheprecisegeo
metricalrepresentationof
thePerfectBoundaryApprox
Performance
CST simulators have proven their outstanding accuracy and speed in numerous public benchmarks published e.g.
by Microwave Engineering in 1995, 1997
and 2000.
All kinds of HF devices have been analysed:
a wave-guide power splitter, microstrip
phase shifter, waveguide fed dual mode
cavity filter and a Vivaldi antenna as
illustrated here.
Viv
ald
i
5
an
te
nn
a
The combination of the proprietary PBA
(Perfect Boundary Approximation®)
technique with the unbeatable efficiency
of the Finite Integration method (FI) is
the basis for this success. Its numerical
effort increases more slowly with the
problem size than other commonly employed methods.
It is this advantage which plays an increasingly important role as problems become
more complex and frequencies rise.
The natural way to excite the structure
in the Time Domain allows TDR-analysis
(Time Domain Reflectometry), digital
signal excitation for Signal Integrity analysis, etc. and also the extremely fast
extraction of the Frequency Domain
response by Fourier transforming the
Time Domain signals. Just one analysis
automatically delivers the S-Parameters
for the desired frequency band without
the risk of missing sharp resonance peaks
(unlike with single frequency calculations).
Ease of Use
Many software vendors claim to have an
easy to use program. We find the most
convincing arguments for CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® come from our users
themselves:
» CST MICROWAVE STUDIO is redefining
the way we work. Never before had we
anticipated having such flexibility at
our fingertips from a 3D EM simulation
package… The flawless layout of the GUI
interface enables the users to have
access to the design, parameterization,
optimization and analysis tools in a
mouse click… CST MICROWAVE STUDIO
has turned out to be the most versatile
and powerful 3D EM simulation tool we
have ever used. Furthermore, an extremely helpful and knowledgeable staff
backs up this package. «
Frederic Lecuyer, RF Antenna Design Engineer,
Radio Frequency Systems, Inc.
» The parameter and optimisation systems have saved me so much time that
I'm looking for more things to do! «
Mike Tonge, Broadcast Antenna Engineer,
Alan Dick & Co Ltd.
CST MWS allows the generation of
complex 3D sweeps. Any profile can be
extruded along any path.
» Your program ‘Microwave Studio’
allows the design and calculation of
structures in a very user-friendly manner. In this way it is accessible to every
HF / RF design engineer. «
Ivo Germann, RF Design Engineer R&D,
Motorola (Switzerland) AG.
CAD Import Options
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dardised exchange formats.
CST recognises the advantages of the
integration of CST MWS into a company’s
CAD-environment by enhancing the
range of available import options. In addition to the already intensely used 2D
(DXF, GERBER, GDS II) and 3D (IGES, SAT,
STL) import formats, CST now features
import filters for STEP, CATIA® and Pro/E®.
RJ 45 connector
Reliable CAD interfaces are an important
requirement to augment the design engineer’s throughput, since the redrawing
of existing structure parts has to be regarded as a major drawback.
CST MWS is renowned for its excellent
CAD-data import capabilities and the
sophisticated healing mechanisms which
recover the integrity of flawed or noncompliant data.
The latter aspect is particularly momentous because the presence of one corrupted element can prevent the usage of
the whole part. CST MWS provides the
user with an unprecedented robustness
and reliability in dealing with CAD-data.
The diversity of mechanical drawing tools
entails a number of proprietary and stan-
CST MWS features a multitude of CAD
import options. In this RJ 45 connector
example the 3D parts were imported
through the STEP interface, while the
PCB was provided in GERBER format.
They were mounted in CST MWS, where
the structure was completed using the
built-in modelling capabilities.
Optimisation
With the easy to use and fully automatic
CST MWS optimiser, every parameter can
be varied and even complicated goals can
be defined in a very intuitive way.
New and powerful optimisation strategies
allow optimisation even for multiple parameters in a reasonable length of time.
Microstrip coupler
WHY CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® ?
The figures 1-4 illustrate the optimisation
of a microstrip coupler. The goal of a perfect S 41 transmission was reached by
varying the structure’s 4 parameters in
less than 8 minutes simulation time on a
PIII 800 MHz CPU.
Before
Optimised
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Photonic bandgap
■ This pillbox antenna is operated at 30
GHz. The width amounts to 40 wavelengths, leaving almost no alternative
but to use CST MWS. One U.S. customer
commented »We would not have
built and tested the hardware if we
had had this software earlier«.
Pillbox antenna
Octagon antenna
ANTENNAS, ARRAYS, RCS …
■ This octagon antenna consists of eight
patches and a microstrip network fed
by a coaxial line.
■ Wire antenna over a photonic bandgap (PBG) structure.
The arrow plot illustrates the currents
of the improved set-up.
■ Sierpinski Multiband fractal antenna
with reference to C. Puente-Baliarda
et al., IEEE Trans. Ant. & Prop., 1998.
Courtesy of Fractal Antennas Systems, Inc.
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9
Radiation of a mobile phone
Nokia mobile phone with
integrated antenna.
■ Electrically large structures, such as
this BMW, can be solved with relatively
low memory requirements. Manifold
import options help to integrate the
EM simulation into the development
process.
■ CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® offers a
wide range of application specific
features. After the broadband calculation of this enclosure’s farfield it
is automatically shown whether the
electric field conforms with the
desired norms and regulations at a
distance of 3m or 10m.
Radiated field versus EMC norms.
EMC AND SAR PROBLEMS …
■ Radiation of a mobile phone. The SAR
analysis can indicate if a mobile phone
conforms with international standards
and regulations.
IC package TSSOP 24
IC package TSSOP 24
SPICE model
■ The design of multipin connectors
and IC packages often requires the
extraction of SPICE models.
CST MWS is able to create SPICE netlists, taking into consideration the
broadband HF behaviour.
RJ 45 connector
■ Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR),
exclusive to the Time Domain, delivers valuable information such as
signal delay, impedance jumps, and
the origins of reflections.
Probes inside the structure can record
the time dependent behaviour of the
propagating signals.
MULTIPIN & COAXIAL CONNECTORS, PACKAGES…
RJ 45 connector
Coaxial connector
■ IC package TSSOP 24 simulated in
co-operation with Infineon, Munich.
With increasing clock rates in the field
of high speed digital design, run time
and cross talk effects become ever
more critical.
■ Electric field propagation along the
lines of an RJ 45 connector previously
illustrated in the import options
section.
Spiral inductor
■ ■ Current distribution of a 5 turn
spiral inductor with an operating
bandwidth of 0 to 5 GHz.
PLANAR & MULTI-LAYER STRUCTURES…
■ ■ Interdigital capacitor with microstrip excitation. For electrically small
structures which are only studied
at a few frequency points, the Frequency Domain Solver of CST MWS
is an interesting alternative to the
Time Domain.
Inter
digit
al ca
pacit
or
LTCC structure
■ ■ LTCC structure embedded in a lossy
substrate. The zoom shows the
current density on the metallic surface of the vias and of the multiple
layers.
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Diplexer
8-pole filter
Combline filter
Triplexer
FILTERS, CAVITIES & WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES…
■ E-plane waveguide diplexer from BSC
Filters, UK.
■ Propagation of the electric fields
through an H-plane triplexer at the
three pass bands. All results derived in
one single broad-band Time Domain
simulation.
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■ ■ 8-pole filter from TXRX, USA.
The figure shows one of the modes
calculated by CST MICROWAVE
STUDIO®’s Eigenmode Solver. In addition, the integrated Modal Analysis
yields the complete S-Parameter
matrix.
■ ■ 3-post combline filter with inductive coupling through wire loops.
■ Through the use of the new dispersive
material models, the frequency dependent losses of a microstrip conductor
can be simulated broadband from
0 - 10 GHz in very good agreement
with measurements.
ADVANCED MATERIALS …
Circulator
■ Electric field distribution in a
Y-junction circulator at 72.5 GHz. The
central sphere consists of an anisotropic ferrite material. Results are in
very good agreement with E.K.N.
Yung et al., IEEE Trans. Microwave
Theory Tech., 1996.
Microstrip conductor
Microwave plasma source
■ Microwave plasma source µ SLAN,
developed by the Microstructure
Research Centre (fmt) in Wuppertal,
Germany. The frequency dependent
properties of a plasma can be taken
into consideration.
CST’sdesignenvironmentis
builttoanalyseandoptimi
selargesystems.Acomplex
structureisbrokendownin
tosmallerparts,so-called
blocks,thatcanbetreate
dindividually.CSTDSrecom
binesthembytheirS-ma
trixdescription.Inanopti
misationprocessCSTDS
maystartothersimulator
sondemand.Itsopenarchi
tectureenablestheuserto
pickthebestsolveravailable
totackleapar ticularpro
blem(e.g3DEM,2.5DEM,in
-housetools…).Itpossesses
CST DESIGN ENVIRONMENT
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and
CST DESIGN STUDIO™
CST’s design environment is built to analyse and optimise large systems.
A complex structure is broken down in to smaller parts, so-called blocks, that
can be treated individually. CST DESIGN STUDIO™ (CST DS) recombines them
using their S-matrix description. In an optimisation process CST DS may start
other simulators on demand. Its open architecture enables the user to pick the
best solver available to tackle a particular problem (e.g. 3D EM, 2.5 D EM, inhouse tools…).
It possesses a continuously extended library of analytically described blocks
that can be quickly incorporated into a design through the drag and drop
capable toolbar. CST DS’s interface is another example of CST’s efforts to create
easy to use software, based on the latest available technology. It is customisable
by adding individually defined, parameterised blocks to the library (and the
toolbar). CST DS supports the creation of hierarchical models.
The tight integration with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® reveals synergetic
effects, that can dramatically increase the engineers throughput. Resonant
structures may be broken down into non-resonant parts, that are much
faster to access in a broadband Time Domain approach. Higher order mode
coupling at the interfaces can also be taken into account, this can be particularly advantageous for filter designs.
The combination of analytic elements and parameterised full 3D-models
gives another speed up. Modifications can be made to parts of the structure
without re-simulating the whole. CST DS takes over the control of the CST
MWS parameters. For library blocks based on CST MWS models, the results of
the 3D simulations are stored in a data-base and accessed whenever needed.
A new simulation will be launched when the results for a required parameter
set are not available. CST DS’s de-embedding block allow the access to inner
waveguide ports in CST MWS models.
CST MWS 3D-model of a patch-antenna array with feed network.
3D EM
2.5D EM
↕
↕
Specialised
In House Tools
↕
Design
Environment
CST DESIGN
STUDIO™
Modematching
↕
↕
↕
Analytic
Models
Circuit
Simulators
↕
CST DESIGN ENVIRONMENT
DS graphical user interface
The CST DESIGN STUDIO™ graphical user
interface.
A patch-antenna array is hierarchically
modelled. At the uppermost level ➊ the
structure is represented by 2 Blocks.
The feed network ➌ and the antennas
(including de-embedding blocks) ➋ are
treated separately.
CST DS can display the S-Parameters for
every block individually. In addition to the
built-in analytic blocks, CST MWS and
SONNET em® models are used.
↕
Measurements
Behavioral
Models
Please see CST DESIGN STUDIO™ brochure for further information.
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* Included in standard package
** Optional extras
CST DESIGN STUDIO™
[ CST’S Design Environment to combine
schematic, layout, and EM simulation]
↕
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®
→
Human Data Interface**
■ T – Time Domain Module [ CST’s general purpose High Frequency Solver]
■ E – Eigenmode Module [ Special solver for highly resonant structures]
■ F – Frequency Domain Module [ Especially efficient for periodic and LF structures]
Optimisation, parameter studies, and VBA macro language are available within
all modules. Multiprocessor capability** is optional for T and E.
3D Import / Export
SAT*, STL*, IGES**, STEP**
2D Import / Export
Basic DXF*, Extended DXF**
OLE automation server*
3D Import
CATIA®**, Pro/E®**
2D Import
Gerber**, GDS II**
↕
↕
↕
CAD Tools (Pro/E®, AutoCAD®, CATIA®, I-DEAS®, …)
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SPICE model extraction**
Data exchange with
Excel®, Matlab®, Word …
→
SOLVER MODULES & OPTIONS
Anatomical Data Set
SPICE
CSTMWS/TechnicalSpecifi
cationsPleasenote:CSTMI
CROWAVESTUDIO®isacon
figurabletool.Notallfeatu
resareincludedinthebasic
licence.Notallofthespecifi
cationsapplytoallsolvers.M
oduleoverviewBroadband
t i m e d o m a i n c a l c u l at i o
nofS-parameterandanten
naproblems(MWS-T)Eigenmodecalculationincludingmodalanalysis(MWS-E)Fre
quencydomainsolverwith
adaptivefrequencysamp
ling(MWS-F)Generalfea
turesFullyparameterised
Please note: CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is a
configurable tool. Not all features are included
in the basic licence.
Not all of the specifications apply to all solvers.
Module overview
- Broadband Time Domain calculation of
S-Parameter and antenna problems (MWS-T)
- Eigenmode calculation including modal
analysis (MWS-E)
- Frequency Domain Solver with adaptive
frequency sampling (MWS-F)
General features
- Fully parameterised
(immediately or subsequently)
- Powerful optimiser
(Powell and Quasi-Newton type, advanced
multi-level interpolation schemes)
- Automatic, multi-dimensional
parameter sweeps
- VBA compatible macro language
- Automatic macro recording
- OLE automation server
Advanced Materials
- Isotropic / anisotropic materials
- Finite electric and magnetic conductivity
- Lossy metals (skin losses)
- Frequency dependent materials (1st and 2nd
order Debye, Lorentz, Drude media)
- Realistic substrate losses
(frequency dependent conductivity)
- Gyrotropic, ferrite materials
Modelling
- Fast interactive, mouse supported
model input
- Design intent capture, using relationships
between objects
- Template assistance for specific applications
- Fully parametric 3D modelling
- History list with unlimited undo / redo
- Geometric representation ACIS based
- Advanced modelling features such as helices,
blends, chamfer, extrusion, lofts
- Profile editor
- 2D object sweeps along 3D curves
- Boolean operations on objects
- Import of 3D-CAD
(SAT, STEP, CATIA®, Pro/E®, IGES, STL)
- Import of planar structures
(DXF, Gerber and GDS II)
- Parameterisation of imported objects
- Interface to the anatomical volume data set
- Automatic, powerful healing of imported
geometries
- Automatic mesh generation (expert system)
and adaptive mesh refinement
Solver features
- Precise geometry description due to Perfect
Boundary Approximation® (PBA) and Thin
Sheet Technique (TST)
- Excitation with port modes, discrete
elements (inner ports), and plane waves
- Port mode calculation by 2D-Eigenmode Solver
- Multi-port/multi-mode excitation
- Advanced symmetry detection
- Lumped elements including RLC
and diode models
- Electric, magnetic, symmetric, periodic, impedance and PML open boundary conditions
- User-defined time excitation including
digital signals
- Recording fields in Time and Frequency
Domain (multiple frequency points in
one solver run for electric field, magnetic
field, power flow, current density, losses,
electric and magnetic field energy, voltages,
field probes)
- True TDR calculation
- Advanced de-embedding and renormalisation
of S-Parameters
- Enhanced EMC capabilities in terms of field
sources and normalisation
Post Processing
- Video display of field distributions
- AR-filter analysis for resonant structures
- SAR calculation
- Farfield calculation
(2D, 3D, gain, directivity, angular beam width)
- Calculation of antenna arrays
from single antennas
- RCS
- Z- and Y-matrix
- VSWR
- Dynamic SPICE model extraction
- Q-factor calculation
- Combination of results
- Integration and visualisation of fields along
arbitrary paths
- Export to Touchstone®
- Export of electromagnetic field data
- Geometry and mesh export to MAFIA 4
Hardware requirements
- Pentium PC
- Windows 95/98/2000/NT/XP
- CD-ROM drive
- 128 MB RAM
- 1GB hard disk
- Open GL compatible graphic card
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
CST MWS / Technical Specifications
© CST 2002
W W W.C ST. D E & W W W. C ST- A M E R I C A .C O M