Document 2
TIMELINE FOR JERUSALEM SHRINES
ca. 1850 BCE
ca. 1000 BCE
ca. 960 BCE
586 BCE
516 BCE
167 BCE
166-160 BCE
20 BCE
70 CE
After 70 CE
136 CE
326 CE ff.
Fourth –Seventh Centuries CE
363 CE
614 CE
629 CE
638 CE
691 CE
705 CE
1009 CE
1034-1041 CE
1099-1187 CE
1187 CE
1517 CE
1545 CE
1719 CE
1852 CE
1920-1948 CE
1922-1924 CE
1948 CE
1952 and 1959-1964 CE
1967 CE
1993 CE
1997 CE
Canaanite settlement known as Jebus.
David becomes king, conquers Jerusalem, makes it his capital, and moves the
ark of the covenant into it. He purchases the threshing floor of Araunah the
Jebusite and erects an altar on this site.
Solomon completes the construction of the First Jewish Temple.
Temple destroyed in the siege of Jerusalem by Nebudcanezzar.
Second Temple completed after the return from exile.
Antiochus Epiphanes desecrates the temple, dedicating it to Zeus.
Maccabean revolt and restoration of the temple.
Herod the Great begins the enlargement and rebuilding of the Second Temple,
which perhaps was not completed until 20 years after his death in 4 BCE.
Destruction of the Second Temple by Titus in the Jewish revolt.
Christians worship at the church known as Holy Sion or the Church of the
Apostles, which is enlarged and rebuilt in the later fourth century.
Second Jewish revolt and expulsion of Jews from Jerusalem, refounded by
Hadrian in 120s as Aelia Capitolina, with a temple of Jupiter on the temple
mount and a temple of Venus on the site of Jesus’ crucifixion and burial.
Construction of the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre, the aedicule with the tomb
of Jesus and the rotunda sheltering it (the Anastasis), the chapel at the site of
Calvary and other buildings in this complex. Church consecrated in 335.
Shrine churches at the Mount of Olives (Eleona and the Imbomon),
Gethsemane, Bethlehem, and elsewhere
The emperor Julian the Apostate gives permission for rebuilding the temple, but
dies before the work can be carried out.
Persians conquer and burn the Holy Sepulchre complex and carry off the true
cross.
Byzantine empire regains control of Jerusalem and returns the true cross in 630.
The Holy Sepulchre complex is restored.
Islamic conquest of Jerusalem.
Construction of the Dome of the Rock on the temple mount.
Completion of the al-Aqsa mosque on the temple mount.
Church of the Holy Sepulchre destroyed by caliph al-Hakim. Only a part of the
aedicule of the tomb survives.
Byzantine reconstruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, completed
during the reign of Michael IV Paphlagon,
Western Crusaders rule Jerusalem and rebuild the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
during the reigns of King Baldwin (1100-1118) and King Baldwin III (11401150). Work is completed between 1163 and 1167. Dome of the Rock given to
Augustinians and al-Aqsa mosque to the Knights Templar.
Saladin recaptures Jerusalem and churches fall into decay. Various Christian
communities hold responsibility for the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
Muslim rule shifts to the Turks.
Part of the bell tower of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre collapses.
Franciscans begin restoration of the dome of the Anastasis.
Negotiation of Status Quo under the Sultan defines religious communities with
responsibilities for the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and remains in force to the
present.
Under the British mandate some repairs are made to the Church of the Holy
Sepulchre and several religious communities share responsibility.
Dome of the Rock restored by the Islamic Higher Council.
Establishment of the state of Israel and division of Jerusalem.
Restoration of the Dome of the Rock by the Jordanian government.
After the Six-Day War, Israel controls all of Jerusalem. The temple mount
remains in the hands of a Moslem trust.
Restoration of the gilding of the Dome of the Rock by King Hussein of Jordan.
Restoration of the Dome of the Anastasis completed.