5. Nucleolus
­
a specialized area of chromatin inside the nucleus
­
responsible for the production of ribosomes
Nucleus
Nucleolus
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6. Endoplasmic Reticulum
­
a tube system through the cell that is used to transport protein from the nucleus as well as other tasks ­
there are two types of endoplasmic reticulum:
a. Rough ER
b. Smooth ER
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1
a. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
­
surface is studded with ribosomes thus giving it a rough appearance
­
ribosomes produce protein on the rough ER, which is then packaged and stored in the rough ER
­
when it is ready the rough ER moves the protein to the Golgi Bodies for transport around the cell
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Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Body
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2
b. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
­
­
acts as a storage organelle in the cell
stores a number of items including steroids which are used by the cell
No Ribosomes
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7. Ribosomes:
­
they are both free floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
­
they create the proteins in the cells by joining together strings of amino acids
­
because they produce proteins they are key to cell reproduction and development
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3
Free Floating Ribosomes
Sep 30­10:22 AM
8. Mitochondria ­
membrane bound organelles located throughout the cell
­
the powerhouse of the cell, usually rod shaped
­ responsible for energy production in the cell (ATP)
­
certain cells contain greater numbers of mitochondria (ex. muscle cells)
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4
Sep 30­10:30 AM
9. Chloroplasts
­
found only in plant cells
­
give plants their green color because they contain chlorophyll
­
converts energy in sunlight to food for the plant (photosynthesis)
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5
10.
Vacuole ­ temporary storage sac for food, water and waste located in the cytoplasm
­ animal cells have a number of small sacs located throughout the cell
­
plant cells have one large central vacuole which allows them to store large amounts of water
Sep 30­10:49 AM
Sep 30­10:51 AM
6
11.
­
Vesicles
small membrane bound sacs which move material around the cell or into and outside the cell
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12.
Golgi Bodies
­ groups of sacs which package, store, modify and transport products made by the endoplasmic reticulum (proteins are one example)
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7
Microtubules / filaments
13.
proteins that function in the transport of materials within the cell
­
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14.
­
­
Cilia
hairlike structures that extend from the membrane of the cell
sweep in a wavelike motion to help move the cell, or in the case of the digestive system move food along
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8
15.
­
Flagella
long, hairlike projections that propel a cell using a whipping motion
­ often used by bacteria
Sep 30­11:06 AM
16.
Lysosomes
­
membrane bound vesicles filled with digestive enzymes that can break down worn out cell components
­
often found more in certain types of cells like liver cells
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9
Sep 30­11:21 AM
Readings:
Pages 23 ­ 33
Activities:
Label the Cells
Worksheets
Questions:
Page 34. #'s 1,2,4,5,6,7,8
Sep 30­11:20 AM
10
Attachments
EukaryoteProkaryoteStructureUS.notebook