References in To Kill a Mockingbird
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< Mockingbird References >
A to F - G to Q - R to Z
--1. ( ) = page reference, hardcover Mockingbird, Lippincott, 1960
2. { } = page reference, paperback Mockingbird, Popular Library,
1977
3. [ ] = information not in Mockingbird
AD ASTRA PER ASPERA to FISHER
Ad Astra Per Aspera
title of Maycomb County Halloween Pageant (266) {255}
"from the mud to the stars" (271) {260}
[State Motto of Kansas, where Lee traveled with Truman Capote to do
research for In Cold Blood]
Abbottsville
Alabama place--fire truck came from there (78) {75}
Appleton, Victor
author--drama based on his work (14) {12}
Appomattox
place--"hasn't snowed since A"--Mr Avery (73) {69}
[former village in Virginia where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses
S. Grant on April 9 1865]
Atkinson, Miss Maudie
adult--neighbor, had cow, made good cakes, from Finch's Landing,
nearly same age as Jack (50) {48}
her shoulder sloped like that because she was a Buford (142) {134}
Avery, Mr Dick
adult--boarded across from Lafayette Dubose, sneezed until 9 o'clock
(58) {55}
whittled (67) {64}, Dick (77) {74}
Baldwin County
Alabama place--"...Chinese, and the Cajuns down yonder" (239) {229}
Barber, Tutti and Frutti
adults--real names Sarah & Frances, maiden ladies, sisters, lived in only
Maycomb residence boasting a cellar, etc (265) {254}
Barker's Eddy
local place--Crazy Addie drowned himself there (15) {13}
Scout threatens to drown self (31) {29}
at end of dirt road off the Meridian Highway about a mile from town,
Jem taught Dill to swim there (252) {242}
Battle of Hastings
event--"...source of shame to some members of the family that we had no
recorded ancestors on either side of..."(9) {8}
[decisive battle in Norman Conquests of England, 1066]
Bay St. Louis
Alabama place--Dill saw Siamese twins leave train there (42) {40}
Bellingraths
Alabama place--"those B'll look plain puny when I get started!"- Miss
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Maudie (81) {77}
[gardens known for azaleas & chyrsanthemums, in Theodore, on coast]
Bert
adult--court reporter, chain-smoked (222) {212}
Bibb, William Wyatt
adult--Governor, sent surveyors to establish Maycomb (140) {132}
Billups, Mr X
adult--"X's his name, not his initial."--Jem (169) {161}
Birmingham News, the
newspaper--(157) {149}
Blackstone's Commentaries
book--Calpurnia taught Zeebo to read from (135) {128}
[Commentaries on the Laws of England, the best known description of
the doctrines of English law, by Sir William Blackstone, 1723-1780]
Blount, Miss
adult--teacher of 6th grade, native Maycombian (28) {26}
Boone, Agnes
child--butterbean in Halloween pageant (266) {255}
Bragg, Braxton
adult--given names of Mr Underwood (167) {158}
[commander of Western Confederate Army during the Civil War]
Brooke, Lily
adult?--cousin of Scout (142) {134}
Brown's Mule
household--smell in First Purchase churchyard (128) {121}
[chewing tobacco]
Bryan, William Jennings
"...you'd think WJB was speakin'"--Stephanie Crawford (170) {162}
[1860-1925, politician famed as public speaker]
Buford
surname--All the Bufords Walk Like That (142) {134}
Buford, Dr Frank
adult--father of Miss Maudie, Finch's Landing landowner, gardening
obsession kept him poor (50) {48}
Bullfinch
surname--Jem said Scout was one (23) {22}
[reference to Bullfinch's Mythology, a collection of Greek myths]
Burroughs, Edgar Rice
author--drama based on his work (14) {12}
Calpurnia
adult--housekeeper of Finchs' (12) {10}
mother of Zeebo, was taught to read by Maudie's aunt (135) {128}
Camellia
flower--Jem cuts those of Mrs Dubose (111) {107}
Mrs Dubose sends one to Jem (121) {116}
Chevrolet
car--always one in the Finch carhouse (159) {151}
Clanton
Alabama place--Barber sisters emigrated from in 1911 (265) {254}
Clark's Ferry
Alabama place--3rd firetruck came from there, 60 miles away (79) {75}
Cornwall
place--ancestral home of Simon Finch (9) {8}
[county in southwest England]
Crawford
surname--No Crawford Minds His Own Business (141) {134}
Crawford, Miss Stephanie
adult--"neighborhood scold", told scissors story (17) {15}
"English Channel of gossip" (254) {244}
Crazy Addie
adult--mutilated people's chickens and household pets, drowned self in
Barker's Eddy (15) {13}
Crenshaw, Mrs
adult--local seamstress "had as much imagination as Mrs
Merriweather" (266) {256}
CSA
rumored that Mrs Dubose kept CSA pistol among shawls (108) {104}
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[Confederate States of America--southern side of Civil War]
Cunningham
surname--from Old Sarum (17) {15}
Cunninghams married Coninghams "until the spelling of names was
academic" (176) {164}
Cunningham, Walter Sr.
adult--paid by entailment, in crowd at jailhouse (164) {155}
Cunningham, Walter Jr.
child--had no lunch money (25) {24}
father also named Walter, went to dinner (29) {28}
Davis, Elmer
adult--irked Atticus with Hitler news on radio (259) {248}
[1890-1958, news broadcaster and writer-director, analyst for CBS]
Davis, Miss Emily
adult--dipped snuff in private (170) {161}
Deas, Link
adult--almost hit by Scout's baton (111) {106}
employed Tom Robinson, made outburst during trial (207) {198}
stood up for Helen Robinson (262) {252}
Deer's Pasture
local place--short cut to get to Radleys' (64) {58}
Dill & Scout crept around on Sundays (159) {150}
Delafield
surname--The Truth Is Not in the Delafields (142) {134}
never take a check from a Delafield without a discreet call to the bank
(142) {134}
Dewey Decimal System
"new way they're teachin' the first grade" (25) {23}
[system--for organizing books in libraries]
Dow, Lorenzo
author--diaries read by Scout & Atticus (24) {22}
[brother of Brigham Young, Mormon]
Dracula
film--seen by Dill (13) {12}
[1931, 4 stars, Bela Lugosi, dir: Tod Browning]
Dubose, Mrs Henry Lafayette
adult--lived 2 doors north (12) {11}
addicted to morphine (120) {115}
weighed 98 lbs (121) {116}
Egypt
"...when the Finches were in E..."--Jem to Scout (240) {229}
Egyptian Period
studied by Jem in 6th grade (67) {64}
Einstein
mentioned by Atticus at trial (218) {208}
[Albert, 1879-1955, physicist]
Enfield Prison Farm
Alabama place--Tom held there, 70 miles away in Chester County (231)
{221}
Scout saw, exercise yard (250) {239}
English Channel
Stephanie Crawford was "EC of gossip" (254) {244}
[waterway separating Great Britain & France]
Estelle
sent rolls morning after trial from down at the hotel (226) {216}
Ethiopia
place--Jem said Jack said they "mighta come straight out of Ethiopia
durin' the Old Testament" (173) {164}
[country in Northeast Africa]
Evertt, J Grimes
adult--missionary known to Grace Merriweather (243) {233}
desperately needed our prayers (264) {253}
Eula May
adult--town telephone operator (102) {98}
Ewell
surname--Atticus said they "had been the disgrace of Maycomb for 3
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generations" (37) {35}
lived behind the town garbage dump (181) {172}
Ewell, Bob
adult--father of Mayella, in court swears in as "Robert E. Lee
Ewell"(181) {172}
Ewell, Burris
child--had cootie, attended school one day a year, son of Bob (32) {31}
Ewell, Mayella
child [woman-child?]--allegedly raped by Tom Robinson 19 years old
(221) {211}
Farrow, Gertrude
adult--attended Missionary meeting, 2nd most devout woman in M (245)
{235}
Finch
surname--Simon, Atticus, Alexandra, John Hale, Jeremy Atticus, Jean
Louise
Finch, Alexandra
adult--aunt, husband: Jimmy Hancock, son: Henry, grandson: Francis
Hancock (85) {82}
Finch, Atticus
adult--almost 50, nickname: Ol' One-Shot (106)
[Possibly named for Herodes Atticus, 101-177, most celebrated of the
orators and writers of the Second Sophistic, a movement that revitalized
the teaching and practice of rhetoric in Greece in the 2nd century AD, or
for Atticus Greene Haygood, [1839-1896], Methodist bishop and
educator was an outspoken opponent of lynching and a pioneer of
education for Blacks, or for Atticus 'Bishop' Mullin, a Montgomery
Advertiser reporter working in the 1930s.]
Finch, Ike
adult--county's sole Confederate veteran, had General Hood beard,
visited once a year (84) {80}
Finch, Jeremy Atticus < DD>child--broke arm when nearly 13 (9) {7}
4 years older than Scout (13) {10}
Finch, John Hale [Jack]
adult--uncle,10 years younger than Atticus (11) {9}
studied medicine, lived in Nashville (50) {48}
had cat named Rose Aylmer [named for Walter Savage Landor
[1775-1864] poem] (86) {83}
[John Hale, 1806,-1873, American lawyer, senator, and reformer who
was prominent in the antislavery movement.]
Finch, Simon
adult--had 8 daughters, 1 son, nicknamed Welcome Finch (88) {84}
Finch's Landing
local place--homestead of Finches (10) {8}
366 steps down bluff to jetty (88) {84}
First Purchase African M.E.
place--only church with steeple & ball, in Quarters outside south town
limits, by old sawmill tracks, called First Purchase because it was paid
for from the first earnings of freed slaves (128) {124}
Fisher, Miss Caroline
adult--teacher from Winston County, no more than 21, crimson
finger-nail polish (22) {20}
boarded at Miss Maudie's (22) {21}
--GATES to POPULAR MECHANICS
Gates, Miss
adult--taught Scout's class about Hitler, overheard as racist hypocrite by
Scout (260) {249}
geraniums
flower--Mayella Ewell had 6 slop jars with red, "cared for tenderly",
Miss Maudie did not like (182) {173}
Gilmer, Horace DD>adult--solicitor from Abbotsville, between 40 & 60 years
old, had slight cast in one eye (177) {168}
Horace (198) {188}
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Germany
place--mentioned by Miss gates in school "G is a dictatorship" (258)
{248}
Graham
surname - mother's maiden name, from Montgomery (12) {10}
Gray Ghost, the
book--bet by Dill (19) {17}, by Seckatary Hawkins (295) {283}
Green, Maxwell
adult--"court-appointed defenses were usually given to MG, Maycomb's
latest addition to the bar...should have had Tom Robinson's case" (228)
{218}
Hancock, Francis
child--grandson of Alexandra, son of Jimmy H, lived in Mobile, 1 year
older than Scout (86)
Hardy, Jim
adult--attended 1st Purchase, absent 5 Sundays and wasn't sick (132)
{124}
Harris, Charles Baker
child--Dill, "goin' on 7", from Meridian Mississippi (13) {11}
Haverford
surname - "name synonymous with jackass" (11) {9}
Haverford, Rachel
adult - lived next door, Dill's aunt, owned rat terrier (12) {11}
had a glass of neat whiskey every morning (149)
Hawkins, Seckatary
author - wrote The Gray Ghost, read by
Atticus (295) {283}
[author of Stoner's Boy; Robert F.
Schulkers, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1926
Illustrations by Carl B. Williams.
Pseudonym of Robert Schulkers. The
Seckatary Hawkins stories originally
appeared as newspaper stories in the
Cincinnati Enquirer.]
Heflin, Cotton Tom
adult--"You tell Cecil I'm about as radical
as CTH"--Atticus to Scout (264) {253}
[talented orator & Democrat Senator]
Hodge
cat--mentioned by Uncle Jack in story to
Scout (95) {91}
[Samuel Johnson's cat. Johnson would go out and buy oysters for Hodge,
so that the servants would not take a dislike to the animal from having to
serve it themselves.]
Howell, Dixie
adult--player in football magazine, Scout said looked like Jem (112)
{107}
[popular U of AL football player in 1930s]
Hutson, Brother
adult--mentioned by Gertrude Farrow at Missionary meeting (245)
{235}
Ivanhoe
book--read by Jem to Miss Dubose, by "Sir Walter Scout" (115) {110}
Jackson, Andrew
adult--(9) {8}
[1767-1845, U.S. Military hero and 7th President]
Jackson, Constance
adult--attended 1st Purchase, erected only spite fence in history of
Quarters (132) {124}
Jackson, Stonewall
adult--Cousin Ike talked about (84) {81}
[Confederate lieutenant-general]
Jacobs, Cecil
child--"walked a total of one mile per school day to avoid the Radley
Place and old Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose"(41) {39}
recounted current event involving Adolf Hitler (257) {247}
cow in Halloween pageant (266) {255}
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scares Jem & Scout (269) {258}
Jamaica
place--Simon Finch worked his way there (9) {8}
[island in West Indies]
Jefferson, Thomas
quoted by Atticus at trial (217) {207}
[3rd President of U.S., author of The Declaration of Independence]
Jessie
adult--worked for Miss Dubose (111) {107}
Jingle, Mr
adult--Mayella sounded like (194) {185}
[character in The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens
Jitney Jungle
business--Scout, Jem & Dill sheltered in door there (162) {153}
[grocery store chain]
Johnson, Harry
adult--drove Mobile bus, had liver colored bird-dog named Tim Johnson
(100) {96}
Johnson, Tim
animal--livered colored bird-dog, suspected of having rabies (100) {96}
Jones, Ruth
adult--the welfare lady (261) {251}
Jones, Mr. Tensaw
adult--voted the straight Prohibition ticket (170) {161}
Ken
adult--drove Maycomb's hearse (249) {277}
Ladies' Law
cited by Link Deas to Bob Ewell (263) {252}
[The "Ladies' Law" states: "Any person who enters into, or goes
sufficiently near to the dwelling house of another, and, in the presence or
hearing of the family of the occupant thereof, or any member of his
family; or any person who, in the presence or hearing of any girl or
woman, uses abusive, insulting, or obscene language, must, on
conviction, be fined not more than two hundred dollars, and may also be
imprisoned in the county jail, or sentenced to hard labor for the county
for not more than six months." THE CODE OF ALABAMA, Vol. III -CRIMINAL [Nashville, Tenn.: Marshall and Bruce Company, 1907], p.
272.]
Levy, Sam
adult - Ku Klux paraded by his house one night (157) {149}
Little, Chuck Little
child--read Uncle Natchell advertisement, 100 years old in his knowledge
of cows (257) {247}
Lula
adult--woman who bothered Calpurnia at church (129) {121}
Mardi Gras
event--Jem felt like he was going to (129) {120}
[last day of Lenten carnival]
Mayco Drugstore
business--farmers studied enema bags in the window (145) {137}
Maycomb
local place--county seat, 20 miles east of Finch's Landing (10) {9}
primary reason for existence: government; spared grubbiness (141)
{133}
Maycomb Amanuensis Club
club--Alexandra was Secretary of (139) {131}
Maycomb Bank Building
business--Atticus moved his law office there after several years (160)
{152}
[Alice F Lee had her law office there]
Maycomb, Colonel
county named for, etc. (272) {260}
Maycomb Jail
business--between Tyndal's & Tribune, miniature gothic joke (161)
{152}
Maycomb Tribune, the
newspaper--in Radley house (17) {15}
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owned by Mr. B B Underwood (158) {150}
published on Thursday (254) {243}
[Monroe Journal still publishes on Thursdays. Was owned & edited by
Lee's father]
Meridian Highway
local place - led to Barker's Eddy, good for hitching (252) {242}
Merriweather
surname - Every Third Merriweather Is Morbid (141) {134}
Merriweather, Grace
adult--her mother sipped gin & maybe she did too (142) {134}
composed original pageant entitled Maycomb County: Ad Astra Per
Aspera (266) {255}
Merriweather, Sam
adult--committed suicide, mentioned by Alexandra (139) {132}
Mobile Press, the
newspaper - read by Atticus (113) {108}
Mobile Register, the
newspaper--read by Scout (23) {21}, (157) {148}
Mockingbird
[any of several versatile songbirds of the New World family Mimidae,
order Passeriformes]
Montgomery Advertiser, the
newspaper--carried cartoon of Atticus (126) {118}
Mount Everest
place--Aunt Alexandra might have been analogous to: she was cold &
there (85) {82}
[29,028 feet, highest mountain in world]
Mrunas
people--heard or misheard by Scout at Missionary meeting, Mrs
Merriweather gave report on (241) {231}
Scout learned more about (264) {253}
NRA
National Recovery Act, stickers on cars and store windows, killed by "9
old men" (264) {254}
[ Roosevelt's measure for economic recovery, part of the New Deal]
Nova Scotia
place--Dill claimed to have visited (54) {52}
[province on east coast of Canada, only Canadian place mentioned in
Mockingbird]
O.K. Cafe
business--dim organization, on north side of town square, Mrs Dubose
suggested Scout would end up waiting on tables there. (110) {106}
trial watchers would overrun while jury was out (219) {210}
Old Sarum
local place--Cunninghams came from there (29) {27}
[O S near Salisbury, England, an Early Iron Age fort taken over by the
Romans.]
Optic, Oliver
author--drama based on his work (14) {12}
[pseudonym of William Taylor Adams, 1822-1897, American teacher
and author of juvenile literature.]
Penfield
surname--Alexandra said all P women were flighty (140) {132}
Pensacola
place--Nathan Radley lived there (19) {17}
[city in Florida , 58 miles from Mobile]
Perkins, Mrs
adult--attended Missionary meeting (247) {236}
Pinkham, Lydia E.
adult--Grace Merriweather may have sipped gin out of LEP bottles
(142) {134}
[maker & manufacturer of patent medicines in late 1800s]
Popular Mechanics
magazine--read by Jem (232) {222}
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RADLEY to ZEEBO
Radley
surname--Old Mr., Mrs, Nathan, Arthur (9) {7}
foot-washing Baptists (51) {49}
Radley, Arthur
adult--Boo, lived 3 doors south (12) {11}
Radley, Nathan
adult--older brother of Boo, "bought cotton", returned from Pensacola
when old Mr. R died (19) {17}
Raymond, Dolphus
adult--drank coca-cola outside courthouse, etc. (212) {203}
Reeves, Annette
adult--Missionary Society met at her place on Tuesday (131) {123}
Reynolds, Agnes
child--daughter of Dr R (277) {266}
Reynolds, Dr
adult--Physician, tended Mr Radley (19) {16}
accepted entailments (28) {26}
tended Mrs Dubose (120) {115}
tended Jem (278){267}
Richardson, Carlow
adult - slow in contributing at 1st Purchase (133) {125}
Robinson, Helen
adult--wife of Tom (131) {125}
Robinson, Sam
child--son of Tom & Helen (253) {242}
Robinson, Tom
adult--member of Calpurnia's church (83) {80}
alleged to have raped Mayella Ewell on the night of November 21st (177)
{168}
35 years old, 3 children, etc. (202) {192}
Rockefeller
mentioned by Atticus at trial (218) {208}
[1839-1937, U.S. industrialist and philanthropist, founder of the
Standard Oil Company.]
Roosevelt, Mrs
"...lost her mind coming down to Birmingham..." (247) {237}
[Eleanor Roosevelt, 1884-1962, wife of Franklin, niece of Theodore. First
Lady, 1933-45]
The Rover Boys
[Series of books written by Arthur M.
Winfield, pseudonym of Edward
Stratemeyer. The Rover Boys are
brothers Dick, Tom and Sam. They are
the sons of wealthy businessman
Anderson Rover and live on a Hudson
River valley farm with their uncle and
aunt, Randolph and Martha Rover. They
go to school at Putnam Hall.]
Seaton, Windy
author--writer of sports column read by
Atticus (119) {115}
Second Battle of Marne
event--how Miss Maudie swept down on
nut-grass (49) {47}
[1st WW offensive of allies against Germany]
Shadrach
game--played in Sunday School (127){119}
[from Daniel 3 of the Bible]
Simpson, Eunice Ann
child--tied to chair in Sunday School (127) {119}
St. Clair, Joshua S
adult--wrote Meditations of JSStC, cousin, "went round the bend at
University" (142) {135}
jail was something like what JSStC might have designed (161) {152}
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Slade, Mr. Jake
adult--cutting his 3rd set of teeth (170) {161}
Sophy
adult--worked for Grace Merriweather (245) {235}
Spender
surname--Dolphus Raymond was supposed to marry one but "after the
rehearsal the bride went upstairs and blew her head off..." (172) {163}
Sweetly Sings the Donkey
song--"associated with liking fiddling..." (247) {222}
[Sweetly sings the donkey/ At the break of day/ If you do not feed him/
This is what he'll say/ "Oh dear, oh my,/Oh dear, oh my, my,my!"]
Sykes, Reverend
adult - Reverend at First Purchase African M.E. (130) {122}
"Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passin'." (224) {214}
Tarzan and the Ant Men
book--Scout was not to request enacting of (22) {20}
Tate, Heck
adult--Sheriff of Maycomb County, wore boots, lumber jacket, bullets in
belt, etc. (102) {98}
testified at trial (177) {168}
Taylor, Ann
fat nondescript dog of Judge Taylor (262) {251}
Taylor, Bob
adult - works read by Judge, "fruity metaphors and florid diction" (262)
{251}
[author, orator, Governor, Senator]
Taylor, John
adult - Judge (83) {80}
threw Cunningham case out of court after 9 hours of testimony on
grounds of "Champertous connivance" (176) {168}
not a Sunday-night churchgoer (261) {251}
wife made divinity (270) {259}
Time
magazine--read by Scout (39) {37}
Tuscaloosa
Alabama place - site of asylum (17) {15}
[site of U of AL, 202 miles north of Mobile]
Tyndal's Hardware
business--"You name it we sell it", supplied fans at First Purchase
African M.E. (130) {122}
Uncle Natchell
story or advertisement read by Little Chuck Little (257) {247}
[spokesperson for Natural Chilean Nitrate of Soda--a fertilizer
advertised in the 1930s in newspapers]
Underwood, Braxton Bragg
adult--owned local paper, christened BB by father "in fey fit of humor",
etc. (167) {158}, refreshed himself from a gallon jug of cherry wine
V.J. Elmore's
business--Scout got twirling baton there (109) {106} [Chain of variety
stores founded by Virgil Jackson Elmore. By 1942 there were 42 stores
in operation. The first Elmore store opened in Greenville, Butler
County, in November 1934.]
Waller, Byron
adult--could play the violin (170) {161}
Wesley, John
adult--Simon Finch was mindful of strictures of (10) {8}
Wheeler, Brigadier General Joe
Dill claimed as grandfather (55) {52}
Winston Swamp
local place--"a place totally devoid of interest" (141) {133}
Wrigley's Double-Mint
food--first gift from Boo, found in tree by Scout (40) {38}
Zeebo
adult - collected Tim Johnson's body (106) {102}
son of Calpurnia, led hymns at First Purchase African M.E. (131) {123}
---
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--I am always interested in reading and writing about To Kill a Mockingbird.
Jane Kansas + kansas at chebucto.ca Last revised 25 May 2004.
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