www.execblueprints.com ExecBlueprints ™ in partnership with Aspatore Books Action Points I. Goal-Oriented Marketing Marketing should take a leadership position in taking responsibility for the profit and loss of the company. II. The Bottom Line Have both a short-term and a long-term definition of profitability. Ensure that everything pays back in acceptable terms. III. Must-Haves for Profitable Marketing Profitable marketing demands a compelling idea, customer connection, and benchmarks. IV. The Golden Rules for Understanding the Market Understand the entire product fit. Listen to your customers. Make research a priority. V. Essential Take-Aways A marketing executive should always consider value not just in absolute terms or relative terms, but also in terms of how their strategies drove results or not. Profitable marketing begins with understanding the customer, the product, and the company. Contents About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p.2 John Partilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p.3 Mark Killen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p.5 Holly Heckathorne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p.8 Alan Kerzner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p.10 Ideas to Build Upon & Action Points . . . p.14 The president of Time Warner Global Marketing and the marketing leaders of American Century Investments, Advanta Bank Corp., and Hartz Mountain on: Building a Powerful Marketing Engine John Partilla President, Time Warner Global Marketing Mark Killen Senior Vice President, Corporate and Product Marketing American Century Investments Inc. Holly Heckathorne Vice President, Rewards Marketing, Advanta Bank Corp. Alan Kerzner Corporate Vice President, Marketing, Hartz Mountain A profitable marketing engine comes from integrating your marketing department with the other key competencies of the company. If marketing is respected as a key function of the business, the business can then expect it to contribute to the bottom line just as other departments do. The best way to spend marketing dollars is the way that translates most effectively into generating revenues and market share gains, both in the short term and in the long term. It is also important to give marketing specific goals, tied to the business metrics of the company. If the department knows what it is trying to accomplish, it will be more likely to achieve the financial metrics set for it. ■ Copyright 2005 Books24x7®. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or part is prohibited without the prior written permission of the publisher. This ExecBlueprints™ document was published as part of a subscription based service. ExecBlueprints, a Referenceware® collection from Books24x7, provides concise, easy to absorb, practical information to help organizations address pressing strategic issues. For more information about ExecBlueprints please visit www.execblueprints.com. About the Authors John Partilla President, Time Warner Global Marketing J ohn Partilla was named president of Time Warner global marketing in June of 2004. He holds the additional title of senior vice president of Time Warner. Reporting to Don Logan, chairman of Time Warner’s media and communications group, Mr. Partilla leads global marketing in its mission to work with major advertisers and help drive the growth of advertising and marketing revenue across all of Time Warner’s businesses. Prior to this, Mr. Partilla was founder and chief executive officer of Brand Buzz, a $100 million billing creative solutions agency within Y&R Inc., launched in January of 2000. He carried the additional title of executive vice president and global client leader of the Sony Electronics account. Prior to leading Brand Buzz and Sony, Mr. Partilla led and coordinated Y&R’s business development efforts globally. In 2002, Mr. Partilla was elected to the nineperson Y&R NY executive board, as well as the twenty-six-person Y&R Advertising global executive board. He was among the youngest ever to receive such distinctions. He also serves on the board for School Chancellor Klein’s “Virtual Enterprises,” an initiative to link the professional and academic world more closely in New York City. In 1997, Mr. Partilla was selected as one of Crain’s “Top 40 Under 40,” for helping Y&R lead the industry in new business development. ☛ Read John’s insights on Page 3 Mark Killen Senior Vice President, Corporate and Product Marketing, American Century Investments Inc. M ark Killen is senior vice president of corporate and product marketing for American Century Investments, a premier investment manager headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri. Mr. Killen, who joined the company in 1993, is responsible for corporate strategy and the overall management and marketing of investment products. He previously was senior vice president of direct marketing and services and vice president and director for the broker/dealer division of the indirect marketing channel. Prior to joining American Century, Mr. Killen held marketing positions with IBM Corporation, specializing in the mutual fund and financial services industries. Mr. Killen holds a bachelor’s degree in political science from the University of Kansas. ☛ Read Mark’s insights on Page 5 Holly Heckathorne Vice President, Rewards Marketing, Advanta Bank Corp. H olly Heckathorne is vice president of rewards marketing at Advanta Bank Corp. In this role, Ms. Heckathorne oversees the development and marketing of the various card-related rewards programs, including cash back, statement credits, and point rewards. Ms. Heckathorne started with Advanta Bank Corp. in December of 2003. Prior to this time, Ms. Heckathorne spent six years at Citigroup, marketing the Diners Club Card. In her last three years at Citigroup, Ms. Heckathorne was the senior vice president in charge of new product development. Under her oversight, Citigroup launched the first new Diners Club Cards in over fifty years. Prior to joining Citigroup, Ms. Heckathorne was legal counsel at the National Association of REALTORS. Ms. Heckathorne has an M.B.A. from DePaul University in Chicago, Illinois, and a J.D. from the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ☛ Read Holly’s insights on Page 8 Alan Kerzner Corporate Vice President, Marketing, Hartz Mountain A lan Kerzner is a seasoned marketing executive who provides expertise in the areas of business turnarounds, new business and brand launches, and distribution channel strategy. His experience ranges from large, traditional consumer package goods firms (Richardson-Vicks, Procter & Gamble, and Johnson & Johnson) to holding leadership roles at three startups. He served as senior vice president of strategic initiatives for the Robbins Company/Corporategifts.com, where he supervised the efforts to leverage the company’s technology and reengineer critical processes. Mr. Kerzner also © Books24x7, 2005 served as president and chief executive officer of Home Shopping Showcase Inc., where he initiated and managed all facets of store-within-store operations for the company, which brought best-selling direct television and collectable products to grocery outlets. Prior to Home Shopping Showcase, Mr. Kerzner served as group product director of Johnson & Johnson’s baby products division, where he managed all aspects of the leading baby toiletry line including consumer, trade, and professional efforts for products totaling $175 million in sales. During his tenure, Johnson’s Baby ended a four-year decline and entered several new categories. He was also instrumental in Johnson & Johnson’s attempts to enter the young woman’s skin care market, identifying and leading the acquisition of the Clean and Clear skincare business. Mr. Kerzner began his career at Richardson-Vicks, and then Proctor & Gamble where he advanced to group product director of Oil of Olay. The Oil of Olay business ended a five-year decline and grew double digits during Mr. Kerzner’s stint with the business. ☛ Read Alan’s insights on Page 10 About the Authors ExecBlueprints 2 John Partilla President, Time Warner Global Marketing The Importance of Marketing Marketing has to be a core competency in organizations and needs to be elevated to the stature of the other key functions. In my eyes, marketing is creating real or perceived value in the eyes of the consumer. The goal of marketing is to drive margin and profitability for the company. Successful marketing drives margin creation because, ultimately, marketing should persuade the consumer that a certain product or brand is worth a higher In companies where marketing delivers great value, there is an appreciation for both short-term and long-term return on marketing efforts. Often, this process is termed as the creation of brands or brand building. You have to have the right balanced vision. Creating a Powerful Marketing Engine A lot of marketing is about the art of the possible. It is about creating solutions for your customer through A marketing executive should always consider this value not just in absolute terms or relative terms, but also in terms of how these strategies drove results or not. John Partilla President Time Warner Global Marketing price than the price they would pay for a product they define as a commodity. The challenge lies in the measurability and the impact of that profit. A company can get there by elevating the importance in attempting to create this value for the consumer. Expert Advice A company should then look for new audiences or new ways to gain market share; it is necessary to be inventive and focused in that regard. A marketing department needs to work hard to understand the objectives of its prospects, their business objectives, and their needs. To convert consumers into buyers, marketing professionals need to link unique and compelling value to them. © Books24x7, 2005 John Partilla President, Time Warner Global Marketing developing value from what may not be immediately apparent. There is an art to marketing as well as a science. When a company begins to build a marketing department, it is important to find people who are knowledgeable about the consumer. Marketing departments should be staffed with consumer experts, with data and research experts, and with channel experts such as Web, promotion, and public relations. Look for people with experience who understand the consumer and the ways to reach the consumer and the inventiveness of that department. They should value research and data, but I think people should also be applying more lateral thinking and subjective decision-making based on instinct and more creatively driven applications. “People who drive or champion marketing in a company also must have an understanding that marketing needs to drive near-term monetary value in the marketplace.” • Listed among Crain’s “Top 40 Under 40” in 1997 • Former founder and chief executive officer of Brand Buzz, a $100 million billing creative solutions agency within Y&R Inc. •Among the youngest ever elected to the nine-person Y&R NY executive board, as well as the twenty-six person Y&R Advertising global executive board Marketing has to have a financial accountability and sensitivity to other corporate priorities. It is about bringing short-term as well as long-term value, with a heightened sensitivity to the immediate needs of the marketplace. Studies can track how consumers and the marketplace perceive the relative worth of a brand vis-à-vis its competitors. A brand also can be measured in the margin that consumers are willing to pay for the product. Products tend to be commodities and brands tend to command some sort of margin or premium. John Partilla ExecBlueprints 3 John Partilla (continued) President, Time Warner Global Marketing As a result, a company should establish relevance between a product or brand portfolio and the consumers’ needs. Forcing this connection on consumers will not help a company; instead, the company should also determine how, where, and when it is best to communicate those relevant messages to the consumer. The application of creativity in marketing addresses not just consumer concerns or needs as they exist today, but strives to fill gaps in future needs that they may not be conscious of desiring. The ultimate goal is to be invited by the consumer to give these messages or to engage them in the dialogue about the brand or messaging. Marketing and Profitability The ability to drive margin makes marketing profitable. Marketing can drive short-term sales as well as long-term brand building. A marketing executive has to measure the short-term needs in terms of shared market gain, sales gain, and margin gain. Long-term measurements involve keeping an eye on the vitality of the brand and the way the brand is being made more robust and enriched. The profitability can be measured in lots of ways. A company can measure it in shared gains, in margin gain, or in just pure volume. As a result, it is important to be very specific in the objectives for profitability. I also think one has to look at the return on objective or return on investment. There is always an opportunity cost to any type of effort to which the marketing department ultimately commits. There are other alternatives that were forsaken. With any project, a company should analyze if it was © Books24x7, 2005 Key Components for Marketing Success Understanding How to Communicate Understanding the Customer In the future, understanding exactly how to communicate will become a central component of marketing. Understanding the Customer successful on its own terms, as well as if it was successful relative to other potential projects the company did not pursue. Creating Value for the Consumer Our primary success strategy is to emphasize the value, real or perceived, that we bring to a consumer. My favorite way to spend marketing and advertising dollars is doing more for our most loyal customers in order to enrich their experience or to create more value with their interactions with a particular brand or product. For Time Warner’s more elite, higher-spending clients, we try to provide customized, strategic, and creative thinking to help them address their more complex business challenges. On a more basic level, we also try to provide these clients with more central coordination and preferred access to some of our core assets and some of our premier offerings and opportunities. Creation of Value A marketing executive should always consider this value not just in absolute terms or relative terms, but also in terms of how these strategies drove results or not. It is important to be crystal clear about the objectives of the goals. The Future of Marketing Successful marketing in the future will retain many of the same critical key planks as before: a deep knowledge and understanding of the consumer, the ability to communicate consumer-relevant and branddifferentiated information, and a relentless focus on creating real or perceived value in the consumers’ eyes. Additionally, though, marketing must have a greater understanding of the emerging tools, technologies, and channels that are becoming increasingly available. Indeed, understanding how, when, and where it’s best to communicate to consumers is becoming as vital as the message itself. ■ John Partilla ExecBlueprints 4 Mark Killen Senior Vice President, Corporate and Product Marketing, American Century Investments Inc. Creating a Compelling Brand My personal vision around marketing is that you must start with a very clear understanding of what is different and special about the company, and then use that to develop a marketing or brand platform that will differentiate you from your competition. This marketing platform or compelling brand idea should be an idea that will last at compelling idea: the brand idea as mentioned above. You must understand what your possibilities and opportunities are for connecting with clients. You should look at those opportunities and evaluate each one on the dimensions of reach, frequency of contact, and richness of the contact. Each opportunity you have to connect with clients is golden. First learn their preferences, and then The financial risk resulting from inaccurate financial statements is, as always, exposure to liability. Mark Killen Senior Vice President, Corporate and Product Marketing American Century Investments Inc. least a decade, as opposed to an idea with a one-year shelf life. Armed with the platform, your next step is to plan how you will consistently and very effectively communicate that idea to your customers across all possible customer touch points. Explore ways you can clearly communicate the difference between you and your competitors with all of your customers, and don’t forget to rally your “internal” customers. Getting the employees of the company on board is often overlooked. Don’t forget that your employees are a very rich expression of your brand. If your employees are not in synch and supportive of your platform, you risk breaking the brand promise with your customers. Profitable Marketing My own strategy for building a profitable marketing engine starts with the development of a very © Books24x7, 2005 determine how you will deliver your marketing message to those particular customer connection points. Use a closed-loop measurement process to measure the client’s response to the marketing message across each touch point. When you first start out with this approach, begin with the basic budget for marketing and deploy your marketing spending across those different customer touch points, focusing on where you think the dollars will be most effective. Set up your leading and lagging metrics to help you validate your hypothesis, and then track the variance to those expectations. Don’t change anything too quickly, as you will need to gain experience and measurement statistics across the seasonal cycles of your business. Remember that you are trying to establish a baseline. Once you have a baseline across a representative market or buying cycle, only then Mark Killen Senior Vice President, Corporate and Product Marketing American Century Investments Inc. “The best way to spend marketing dollars is the way that translates most effectively into generating revenues and market share gains.” • Joined American Century Investments in 1993 • Responsible for corporate strategy and the overall management and marketing of investment products • Company is a premier investment manager should you begin adjusting your marketing mix. If you are not getting the response you expect, make sure you can isolate whether it is the message or the media. If your message is not compelling, then I advise you to toss it aside and start over. Begin with a compelling message, and then deploy the message. As a marketing executive, you need to appreciate that marketing competes for dollars on the same basis as other investments in you company. Typically, all expenditures have to pass a hurdle rate by which we measure our return on investment. We run marketing expenditures through the same filters we Mark Killen ExecBlueprints 5 Mark Killen (continued) Senior Vice President, Corporate and Product Marketing, American Century Investments Inc. would run, for example, technology expenditures or a new product offering. In other words, we evaluate marketing on the same basis as any other opportunity to invest in the business. Marketing must deliver returns against that investment. Measuring Profitability In our industry, it’s challenging to measure the success of every marketing strategy implemented, even if benchmarks are set, because our product is a considered purchase. The typical entry point for our products requires a $2,500 commitment from the client. Obviously, this is very different from a packaged goods sale where the item might cost $1. The high entry point for our products, coupled with the fact that prospects will research their purchase, translates into a “lag effect” between when our message is in market and when the customer actually makes the purchase. With that said, my company tries to calculate a return on investment for everything we do. We measure cost per lead, cost per acquisition, cost per click-through, and other traditional measures. Our best source of marketing measurement to date has been the Internet. For instance, during an Internet marketing campaign we can measure how many Internet “clicks” the site receives. On the Internet, we can follow the client’s actual progress through the process of awareness of the campaign, to interest in the product/service, to consideration, all the way down to purchase. While very traceable and measurable, Internet marketing has its challenges. Many times, clients will want to take a break somewhere during the Web process. They may re-engage on the © Books24x7, 2005 Internet at some future time, or they may call our 800 number and pick up the process from there. Even though they may have responded to our marketing message via our Web marketing, they may choose at any point to exit that process and purchase our products from other intermediaries. The bottom line is our potential customers have many ways to purchase our products. Our challenge is to run as tight a loop as we can, tracking marketing campaigns to actual sales across all possible points of sale. A Skilled Marketing Department If I were evaluating your marketing department, I would begin by evaluating each marketing professional’s competencies and strengths. I would look at the department in terms of the roles within the department, and I would want to see a clear link to their accountabilities. It is critical to look at the measurement system to determine if the metrics are aligned with the goals. There is a common denominator in every organization — you get what you measure and what you base pay on. Developmental metrics and goals are nice to have, but don’t carry the same motivation as goals that determine pay. A solid marketing department will incorporate brand development, product line management, strategic planning, research and analysis, advertising and media, and public relations. All of these functions are critical elements of the marketing department of the future. A research and analysis group is able to conduct the environmental surveys, the customer research, and help analyze trends that will form the basis for your corporate strategy. Product management in our firm is probably one of the most strategic capabilities we have, because we marry our understanding of what customers want with our capability to actually develop the products and adapt them to the changing needs of the client. Brand is very critical and strategic, and ultimately is the leader of the implementation of your marketing platform within the company. Advertising, media, and sponsorships are important because they are the avenues through which you deploy your marketing message. Public relations is probably the most cost-effective and influential marketing you can do, because it is considered unbiased. If done well, it adds to your brand’s value and perception in the market. If done poorly, it can erode your brand’s reputation in the market faster than anything else. Expert Advice Marketing profitability can be adjusted by being smart about how much you are spending versus the return. You should be able to draw an efficient frontier, or a diminishing returns line, based on how much you spend versus how much you get back. Given the challenges with marketing measurements, the amount of marketing spend tends to be based initially on an informed and educated guess or rule of thumb based on the industry conventions. Once you establish the baseline measures, you have the inputs to help you adjust marketing spend and affect the resulting profitability. Ultimately, marketing will be more successful if you are truly able to measure profitability and return on investment. Mark Killen ExecBlueprints 6 Mark Killen (continued) Senior Vice President, Corporate and Product Marketing, American Century Investments Inc. Improving Marketing Efforts Never overlook the power of having a very strong internal communications campaign that is linked to your marketing platform. In our business, we operate a contact center that has direct interactions with our clients. This interaction tends to be one of the richest interactions the customer has. Many companies overlook the opportunity of having internal people really excited about, and aligned around, the brand and marketing vision for the company. Not only do internal employees talk to customers, but they also talk to their neighbors, their neighbors talk to other neighbors, and so on. Having your employees excited and totally in synch with what you are trying to do is the beginning of an incredible opportunity in terms of viral marketing. When we roll out our marketing platform, our objective is to have an internal campaign that is as spectacular as our external campaign. Technology and Marketing The Internet is an incredibly important component in terms of © Books24x7, 2005 deploying marketing messages. It is an area that allows for effective tracking, and there’s an ability to personalize with customers in ways other mediums cannot offer. Technology enables increases in marketing productivity, and I think we’re on the front end of what the Internet will be able to do. Technology advances are also impacting digital cable. I know that in many cable markets, technology enables you to actually select the demographic you target and tailor the message to that demographic in much finer slices than before. Both the Internet and technology are very important to building a profitable engine. From my perspective, my company gets the best statistics and metrics from Internetdeployed marketing in terms of being able to measure customer reaction to the campaign and actually tie those customer interactions to sales. Technology in particular will have a dramatic impact in terms of how media is purchased, deployed, and measured in the future. I believe that in the future we will see media buying strategies and product placement strategies affected by advances in technology. As digital technology becomes ubiquitous and programming becomes more regionalized, we will see new opportunities for deploying marketing dollars. Companies like Proctor & Gamble, the largest buyer of broadcast television advertising, are beginning to shift their spending more toward product placement on television versus traditional advertising buys. The fact that companies with such sophisticated marketing groups have made these decisions points to a shift toward product placement and away from traditional thirtysecond spots. In my own industry, we’re seeing shifts from broadcast television to the Internet because customers often go to sites that are specialized in financial services and financial analysis. This allows us to be placed right there, when customers are in the frame of mind and interested in evaluating products. There’s no real equivalent to that in print or in broadcast. Technology is definitely changing the way we market, and while product placement is the craze today, there will be something even more exciting in the future — for a preview, just rent the movie “Minority Report.” ■ Mark Killen ExecBlueprints 7 Holly Heckathorne Vice President, Rewards Marketing, Advanta Bank Corp. Understanding the Market Before a company can begin marketing a product or service, it first has to understand the target market, the product that is being marketed, how that product fits into the needs of the target market, and the best approach to getting the product to the target. The best way to build a profitable marketing engine is to constantly listen to the customer and modify the product or service to fit the customers’ ongoing, ever-changing needs. Marketing is profitable to a company when it causes a continued, sustainable positive customer reaction. Retention and research have often been secondary or tertiary activities of many companies. In the past, the main focus of companies used to be acquiring new customers. There was such a strong focus on acquisitions that once a company actually acquired customers, it moved on to acquiring the next customer and did not focus on whether the customer stayed with the company or not. Companies have now realized that it can be cheaper to keep existing customers than to acquire new ones, and Companies have now realized that it can be cheaper to keep existing customers than to acquire new ones, and retaining existing customers has become an essential part of marketing. Holly Heckathorne Vice President, Rewards Marketing Advanta Bank Corp. retaining existing customers has become an essential part of marketing. Research is also incredibly important in marketing. In a lot of companies, research is set aside in an effort to be the first to market with a new idea or product. However, a company should always do the necessary background research of an opportunity to know whether or not the potential opportunity will be good for the customer and for the company. Holly Heckathorne Vice President, Rewards Marketing Advanta Bank Corp. “There are many ways to measure the profitability of a specific marketing effort.” • Joined Advanta Bank Corp. in 2003 • Oversees the development and marketing of the various card-related rewards programs • Launched the first new Diners Club Cards in over fifty years Determining Profits The marketing team might measure the success of the project based on whether or not the marketing campaign broke even. That may be an acceptable measure of success to a business. Or, the department might look at what percentage of profit was achieved against what percentage was desired. The team might measure profitable returns over a five-year period or whether the campaign elicited an immediate return on investment. The form of measurement should be determined and agreed upon by the business before the project is undertaken. Preparing for a Product Launch Understand the target market. © Books24x7, 2005 Understand the product being marketed. Understand how the product fills a market need. Understand the best approach to getting the product to market. Listen to the customer. Holly Heckathorne Modify the product to suit customer needs. ExecBlueprints 8 Holly Heckathorne (continued) Vice President, Rewards Marketing, Advanta Bank Corp. Due Diligence When performing due diligence on the capabilities of a company’s marketing department, there are a number of questions to ask. First, it is important to understand the overall goals of the business at large and to understand the various customer groups, the products that serve these groups, and how the two fit within the goals. Next, it is key to lay out the responsibilities of the marketing department and to learn how integrated marketing is within the company. If marketing is more diverse and crosses several different departments within an organization, it is important to understand the lines of communication between the various groups. It is also imperative to understand what activities fall under the marketing department’s purview, and to understand some © Books24x7, 2005 Expert Advice Technology is extremely important to a marketing department. Not only do existing technologies, such as the Internet, make marketing professionals’ jobs easier, but new technologies help to move a marketplace forward. For example, within the credit card industry, innovative technologies such as contactless payments are helping to create new opportunities for the industry. The ability to use the credit card quickly for payments that normally would be made with cash is important to the growth of the credit card industry. Another example is technologies relating to identity verification, such as biometric security measures. Using iris scans or fingerprints as card verifications may help to lower the cost of fraud within the industry. key fundamentals of the marketing department, such as what the goals are for the year, the expenditures of the department, and how the return on investment is measured. Besides traditional marketing expenditures on customer campaigns, it is important to understand how much of the budget is allocated to research, advertising, and public relations. Lastly, but most importantly, the human resource element must be measured. A company must be willing to invest in strong professionals to run the marketing department. Not only should a marketing professional be creative, but the marketing team must also be very analytical, have a strong grasp of financial spreadsheets, and be able to research and understand the competitive marketplace. ■ Holly Heckathorne ExecBlueprints 9 Alan Kerzner Corporate Vice President, Marketing, Hartz Mountain Successful Marketing Strategies My marketing vision is about being responsible for the profit and loss of the company. If you’re in consumer packaged goods, marketing needs to be respected and accessible. They need to be able to prove that they deserve to be one of the top voices driving the company. In a company like Hartz, where marketing is new, the first step is to make the benefits tangible. You can talk about the power of being a great brand and being more marketing-oriented, but unless you can provide case studies of how that works and show how it can help swing the balance of power away from the super retailers, no one will understand its value. You have to position marketing to help a company achieve its short- and long-term objectives. You need to be analytically oriented. You shouldn’t be out there arguing for sacred resource dollars to hold a feel-good event in New York or the Caribbean. You have to be focused on the programs that could benefit the business, and be ready to explain how they can do so. You have to demonstrate understanding and expertise in non-marketing areas. I’ve had the fortune to be involved in other aspects of running a business, as I’ve headed up some startups. Showing that you understand operations, financial return, and cash flow helps you to be seen as a leader within the organization. Finally, be passionate. Enthusiasm creates enthusiasm. Give the people in marketing specific business responsibilities. If they have to deliver a number, they’ll think carefully about how they spend their time and money. You have to give people fairly stretched goals up front. You also need to make people accountable for their responsibilities. A giant part of the profit and loss in most businesses is the cost of the product. As a marketing person, you better be working closely with operations to make sure they understand that they’re accountable for certain costs or savings. As you get into programs, you need to test them and not roll them out until you have evidence that they will provide the appropriate financial return. Profits and the Bottom Line You should make marketing consumer-based and trade- and sales force-conscious. You have to come up with something a consumer wants, but do it in such a way that the trade and sales force will get behind it. You need to create the vision and evaluate results. Act as if it’s your own company. Expert Advice The percentage of a company’s sales that should be spent on marketing depends on the industry. When I was in human beauty care, it was around 50 percent. In the pet industry, 5 percent would be amazing. It depends, but the marketing investment question should be asked and viewed similarly to the capital expenditures or research and development expenditure evaluations. The key is to position marketing as an investment for the future; every company needs to deal with it in that context. © Books24x7, 2005 Alan Kerzner Corporate Vice President, Marketing Hartz Mountain “Marketing is very much about taking a leadership role.” • Expert in business turnarounds and in new business and brand launches • Experience at Richardson-Vicks, Procter & Gamble, and Johnson & Johnson • Ended multi-year declines for Johnson’s Baby and Oil of Olay You need to have both a shortterm and long-term definition of profitability. You need to create the vision and the long-term strategy; that’s largely gut-based. I went to two of the most quantitative schools around, but in my mind, a lot of marketing is still based on art, or gut. You have to be sure that everything is strategically correct. If programs or activities don’t help achieve your vision and strategy, you shouldn’t be wasting time or money on them. Finally, you need to analyze and make sure something pays back in acceptable terms. “Acceptable profitability” depends on the company, the strategic goal, and so on. If I’m launching a new product, I may not care if it’s profitable. I may consider success in Alan Kerzner ExecBlueprints 10 Alan Kerzner (continued) Corporate Vice President, Marketing, Hartz Mountain terms of building awareness or distribution. In terms of an ongoing product or program, profitability is about what your company considers a decent rate of return. You can build some basic models in terms of whether it’s a coupon or sampling program, the amount of business you bring in, the percentage of new versus current users, and the lifetime value of those customers. Benchmarking Success and Calculating Return on Investment You can benchmark success in terms of profit and loss, and whether products and programs achieve what they’re supposed to. It’s about planning, testing, and analyzing; if you are involved in direct marketing, do a test grid of different creative, different offers, and different media. If you’re looking at advertising, you could do copy testing or tests of different media. If I want to build trial for a brand, then I go to my lifetime value of a consumer model and play with different assumptions about how long they’ll purchase my product, how much per year, and so forth. However, I am not convinced that you can evaluate everything on return on investment. I changed the packaging on 1,500 products when I got to Hartz. It’s pretty easy to put it in costs in terms of design, switchovers with the trade, and so on. I can’t tell you what the return on investment is, though. I could make assumptions, but there are too many other changing variables to understand the exact increase in sales and profit the packaging change resulted in. Similarly, in pet supplies, I believe you need ongoing © Books24x7, 2005 presence in pet enthusiasts’ books, which is where the high spenders look for news. I will never be able to determine the return on investment on that effort — that is based on gut. There are some things you just have to do because you know they’re right for what you want to achieve. Evaluating Marketing Departments and an Obstacle to Success If I wanted to see how another company’s marketing department was doing, I’d ask about what consumer research they have and how they make decisions. I’d want to know how the marketing people themselves are evaluated. I would ask about the innovations they’ve come up with, and I’d also want to talk to other areas like operations, finance, and sales, in order to get a view of who leads the organization. Companies often overlook the stress of the day-to-day work that goes on in marketing, due to its position at the hub of the wheel. One can easily fill up the week doing day-to-day work. Yet, the pet supply industry, like many others, has gone from doing new product launches once a year to companies having to regularly develop new products for each of the top five trade customers. For marketing to Communicating Company Values Be analytically oriented. Focus on programs that will benefit the business. Explain how they can do so. Demonstrate expertise in non-marketing areas. Make marketing’s benefits tangible. Alan Kerzner ExecBlueprints 11 Alan Kerzner (continued) Corporate Vice President, Marketing, Hartz Mountain be successful, other groups must also be properly resourced and successful. If marketing is in charge of getting out new products, but research and development and operations are not doing their jobs, it falls on marketing to be the project managers. That leaves less time for traditional marketing. Staffing for Innovation Effective staffing depends on the company, the industry, and the goals. There should be some senior people who know how to run businesses and some out-of-the-box thinkers, and you also need some lower-level employees who can execute superbly and who will have the opportunity to advance. One essential investment is getting quality people. You get what you pay for in terms of executives. You need people who understand marketing, who understand the consumer, who are innovative, and who are team builders. No company should simply take marketers from their own industry; there are benefits in taking them from outside of the industry. Companies have to realize that no one is an expert in everything. They have to leverage their internal strengths and take good things from the outside. At Hartz, we have a good brand name, the highest brand awareness in the industry, and excellent distribution and sales power. Given that we manage over 1,500 products from day to day and are involved in a ton of different areas, we’re not necessarily the best innovators. I have not figured out how to allow my people to spend enough time on that. So, we’ve been actively searching on the outside for innovation, for what people in their © Books24x7, 2005 One essential investment is getting quality people. You get what you pay for in terms of executives. Alan Kerzner Corporate Vice President, Marketing, Hartz Mountain garages are coming up with. When we find a good idea, we take that idea through licensing or acquisition and then put the power of our brand, distribution, and sales behind it. The Impact of Technology The importance of the Internet and technology depends on the business. Where you tend to have a lot of personal consumer commitment and involvement, it’s very important. The Internet is a new channel of communication that enables an amazing grassroots impact, but without the checks on accuracy. As powerful and positive as the Internet is, it runs the risk of creating negative results based on claims and statements that have no credibility. One exciting development for marketers is that there is a new methodology for behavior tracking on the Web. If someone visits your site or responds to something, you can get a profile of where else they go, what else they do, and how much time they spend doing different things. This is going to provide additional knowledge and targeting ability. Another somewhat scary innovation is radio frequency identification. A number of retailers want to track inventory location, so they are asking manufacturers to put radio frequency tags on/in packages so they can be tracked (sort of like a GPS system). However, many consumers, including myself, don’t want other people receiving signals of what I bring into my house. Radio frequency identification technology can be utilized to track when and where consumers utilize certain goods. If this happens on a widespread basis, a smart marketer is going to be all over it in terms of how they can leverage this knowledge. Future Marketing Opportunities My favorite ways to spend marketing dollars are by sampling good products to the consumer and through direct response. Through sampling, if you have a good product, you can generate quick repurchase and see the impact by looking at store-by-store or regional sampling efforts pretty quickly. Direct response television is an area where I’ve had a lot of success, and it allows you to buy media at cheap rates and closely evaluate your results by creative, offer, media program, and time of day. There are always opportunities for marketing bargains; companies need to have the foresight to know them and the organizational flexibility to jump on them when they appear. Everyone remembers that the E.T. filmmakers first went to M&M/Mars to participate in the movie. Mars didn’t want to, so they went to Hershey’s, who agreed to participate with Reese’s Pieces. It was a huge bargain for Reese’s Pieces to get that Alan Kerzner ExecBlueprints 12 Alan Kerzner (continued) Corporate Vice President, Marketing, Hartz Mountain type of publicity. The same thing happened to Hartz years ago when we were offered Nylaboner, which is now the leading edible bone and is marketed by a competitor. That was a big bargain, but we didn’t realize it — now our competitor is profiting from it. The best marketing opportunities over the next year will be in the area of the micro-targeting of consumers. That’s been happening, and it will continue to happen. Additionally, hopefully, companies © Books24x7, 2005 will realize that they cannot and should not succeed by just pumping money to the trade. There will probably be a trade realization that they need what consumer brands and marketing expertise brings. Target, within the pet area, has moved to a total reinvention, lifestyle-based strategy. They may have gone a bit too extreme, but retailers like Target are clearly showing an awareness of and willingness to innovate, and to think like consumer marketers. ■ Alan Kerzner ExecBlueprints 13 Ideas to Build Upon & Action Points I. Goal-Oriented Marketing Marketing should take a leadership position in taking responsibility for the profit and loss of the company. Give the people in marketing specific business responsibilities. If they have to deliver a number, they’ll think carefully about how they spend their time and money. Make people accountable for their responsibilities. The marketing leaders should position marketing to help a company achieve its short- and longterm objectives. Marketing must be analytically oriented. • Be focused on the programs that could benefit the business, and be ready to explain how they can do so. • Demonstrate understanding and expertise in non-marketing areas. II. The Bottom Line Have both a short- and long-term definition of profitability. • Create the vision and the longterm strategy, which is largely gutbased. Long-term goal-setting is based on art, not science. • Be sure everything is strategically correct. If programs or activities don’t help achieve your vision and strategy, you shouldn’t waste time or money on them. Ensure that everything pays back in acceptable terms. • The definition of “acceptable profitability” depends on the company, the strategic goal, and the project itself. III. Must-Haves for Profitable Marketing Compelling idea • Building a profitable marketing engine starts with the development of a very compelling idea: the brand idea. Listen to your customers • The best way to build a profitable marketing engine is to constantly listen to the customer and modify the product or service to fit the customers’ ongoing, ever-changing needs. • Understand your possibilities and opportunities for connecting with clients. • Marketing is profitable to a company when it causes a continued, sustainable positive customer reaction. • You should look at those opportunities and evaluate each one on the dimensions of reach, frequency of contact, and richness of the contact. Make research a priority • Research is incredibly important in marketing. Customer connection • Each opportunity you have to connect with clients is golden. • Learn their preferences, and determine how you will deliver your marketing message to those particular customer connection points. Benchmarks • Marketing profitability can be adjusted by being smart about how much you are spending versus the return. • Once you establish the baseline measures, you have the inputs to help you adjust marketing spend and affect the resulting profitability. • Ultimately, marketing will be more successful if you are truly able to measure profitability and return on investment. • In a lot of companies, research is set aside in an effort to be the first to market with a new idea or product. However, a company should always do the necessary background research of an opportunity to know whether or not the potential opportunity will be good for the customer and for the company. V. Essential Take-Aways A marketing executive should always consider value not just in absolute terms or relative terms, but also in terms of how their strategies drove results or not. Marketing goals and thinking should be tied to and aligned with corporate objectives, both longand short-term. Powerful marketing begins with understanding the customer, the product, and the company. • Understand what customers want and how you can deliver value to them. • There are many ways to measure the profitability of a specific marketing effort. IV. The Golden Rules for Understanding the Market • Understand how the product fits into the needs of the target market. • The form of measurement should be determined and agreed upon by the business before the project is undertaken. Understand the entire product fit Before a company can begin marketing a product or service, it first has to understand the target market, the product that is being marketed, and how that product fits into the needs of the target market, and the best approach to getting the product to the target. • Understand how your marketing strategies support the goals of your company and its bottom line. ■ © Books24x7, 2005 Ideas to Build Upon & Action Points ExecBlueprints 14 Ideas to Build Upon & Action Points (continued) ? 10 KEY QUESTIONS AND D ISCUSSION POINTS 1 What is your strategy for building a profitable marketing engine? How would you articulate your vision for this? Where should a company who is not yet sophisticated about their marketing start to build? 2 What makes marketing “profitable”? How can marketing directly contribute to the bottom line of the company? 3 What specific strategies can be put in place to help a company make marketing more profitable? How can you benchmark the success of each of these strategies? What precisely should be measured? 4 How do you calculate ROI with respect to marketing plans for your company? How can you measure ROI for efforts in branding, which may not be as financially measurable? 5 If you were doing due diligence on the marketing department of another company, what questions would you ask to see what shape their marketing department was in? 6 What areas are most often overlooked by companies when trying to make their marketing efforts more successful? 7 How should a marketing department be staffed? What are the essential positions? Which positions are less essential? 8 What are your favorite ways to spend your marketing/advertising dollars? What have you found has returned the best ROI for your company? Are there any opportunities in the next 6-12 months for bargains in marketing? 9 How important is the Internet and technology to building a profitable marketing engine? How has technology impacted how a successful marketing group works? What new technologies, pending in the next year or so, will further help your group? 10 What do you feel are the essential investments companies MUST make to ensure their marketing department runs smoothly and can measure results (for example, CRM, using outside agencies for specific functions, etc.)? ExecBlueprints is a subscription-based offering from Books24x7, a SkillSoft Company, for more information on subscribing see: www.books24x7.com. © Books24x7, 2005 Ideas to Build Upon & Action Points ExecBlueprints 15