UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
HUMAN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION - 1
MODULE
Workbook 2013-2014
Moderator: Professor Nawfal K. Yaas
Assessor: Dr. Ahmed A. Hussein
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INTRODUCTION:
This handbook contains much of the information which the
student might need concerning this course in relation to the
theory lectures, & the practicals of HSF module, in addition
to the way of mark calculation & assessments done in this
module.
The module is concerned in delivering knowledge in the
Gross & Functional Anatomy both in theory (LGT) &
practical sessions in the dissecting room on real body
prosections & on virtual anatomy tables, with discussion of
some related topics with students especially concentrating on
the clinical application of these knowledge (How can the
student use these knowledge in the medical practice).
Upper & lower limbs will be the material of this course, as
Anatomy of other regions is distributed on other modules as
related & on HSF2 which will be taken next in year two.
Every effort will be available to solve student's problem & to
reply their questions in this module.
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Aims of the module:
L No.
Title
Objectives
The module aims at building the knowledge of the student in Gross &
Functional Anatomy of the Upper & Lower Limbs, with correlation to
some clinical conditions as related to the Anatomy of the region
concerned.
Objectives of the module:
1. To describe the bone structure & articulations in the peripheral
skeleton
2. To define muscles, vessels & nerves in the limbs
3. To recognize muscle functions & movements in the limbs
4. To relate structures to each other in sectional views.
5. To correlate these knowledge to some clinical cases when required.
The teaching staff:
1- Professor Nawfal K. Yaas.
2- Assistant prof. Kais A. Hussein
3- Assistant Prof. Ma'an H. Hussein
4- Assistant lecturer Ahmed A. Hussein
5- Assistant lecturer Mahmood Mish'al
6- Assistant lecturer Esam Tarek
7- Dr. Mohammed As'sad
8- Dr. Ahmed Sa'ad
The core content:
The following tables show the distributions of lectures (LGT) & practical
classes in details, regarding number of hours & objectives of each subject.
LGT theory lectures in Upper Limb
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o Pectoral region
1
o The breast
o Axilla
2
o Walls & vessels
3
o Brachial plexus
4
o Scapular region
o The arm
5
o The cubital fossa
o To describe the upper limb in an overview
o To list the structures in the pectoral region
o To define the mammary gland with its structure,
vascular & lymphatic distribution
o To describe the axilla
o To identify the muscles bounding it
o To evaluate the axillary vessels, relations & branches
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o The forearm, anterior
6
compartment
o
o
o
o The forearm, posterior comp. &
7
8
dorsum of hand
o The palm
o Joints of upper limb
9
o Lymphatic drainage
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
To define the brachial plexus
To list its parts & branches
To specify the location of each part
To demonstrate some important pathologies affecting it
To list the muscles surrounding the scapula
To describe the vessels & nerves in the region
To demonstrate the scapular anastomosis & its clinical
value
To define the compartments of the arm
To describe the flexor & extensor muscles in the arm
To follow the musculocutaneous nerve, brachial artery
& other structures in the region
To define the cubital fossa & structures lying within it
To describe the layers of the flexor compartment of the
forearm
To define the common flexor origin
To follow the radial & ulnar vessels with their
branches
To demonstrate the course of the median & ulnar
nerves with their main supplies in the region
To list extensor muscles
To define the common extensor origin
To follow the divisions of the radial nerve
To localize the anatomical snuffbox
To define the layers of the palm
To demonstrate arterial arches in the hand
To list the nerves in the region & their main supplies
To demonstrate the carpal tunnel & its pathology
To define the shoulder, elbow & wrist joints
To demonstrate their stability factors
To determine their main ligaments
To list main groups of lymph nodes in the UL
To identify their afferents & efferents
Practical sessions in Upper Limb
P No.
Title
Objectives
4
1
o Osteology of the UL
o To define specific bones of the UL
o To memorize their main parts & attachments
2
o Pectoral region
o To list the pectoral muscles
o To demonstrate main vessels & nerves in the region
3
o The scapular region
o The axillary vessels
4
o Axillary nerves (brachial
plexus)
5
o The arm
o The cubital fossa
6
o Anterior compartment of
forearm
7
o Posterior compartment of
forearm
8
o The hand
9
o Joints
10
o Workshop on radiology of
UL
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
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To explore the muscles attached to the scapula
To follow the nerves & vessels in the region
To describe the axillary walls
To explore the axillary vessels & their branches
To identify the parts of brachial plexus
To follow the branches of each part
To relate them to vessels & muscles in the region
To identify the flexor muscles & heads of triceps
To follow the musculocutaneous, median, ulnar &
radial nerves
To demonstrate the branches of brachial artery
To localize the cubital fossa
To identify the superficial & deep muscles
To follow the radial & ulnar arteries
The median & ulnar nerves in the region
To describe the extensor muscles
To localize the anatomical snuffbox
To follow the neurovascular bundles
To identify layers of the hand
To follow the arterial arches
To follow the median & ulnar nerves in the region
To explore the carpal tunnel
To explore the shoulder & elbow
To demonstrate their capsules
To explore their ligaments
To identify bones of the lower limb in plain X ray
films
To describe some pathological conditions affecting
them
To demonstrate some sections in the LL
o Optional review
LGT theory lectures in Lower Limb
L No.
Title
Objectives
5
o General overview
1
2
3
o The femoral triangle
o Femoral vessels & nerve
o The adductor compartment
of the thigh
o Gluteal region
o The hamstring compartment
4
o Popliteal fossa
5
6
o The calf
o Front of the leg
o Peroneal compartment
o Dorsum of the foot
7
o The sole
8
o Lower limb joints 1
9
o Lower limb joints 2
o Foot arches
o Lymphatic drainage of LL
o
o
o
o
o
To describe a general overview of the lower limbs
To define the femoral triangle, boundaries, floor & contents
To describe the femoral canal
To outline the passage of femoral hernia
To list the muscles of the front of the thigh
o
o
o
o
To Define the femoral vessels & nerve & list their branches
To localize femoral pulses
To identify the adductor compartment of the thigh
To describe the adductor canal, boundaries & contents
o
o
o
o
To describes the gluteal region
To list its muscles, vessels & nerves
To specify the site of injection
To demonstrate some important pathologies affecting the
structures in the region
To list the muscles of the flexor compartment of the thigh
To describe the course of sciatic nerve in the thigh
To define the popliteal fossa, boundaries & contents
To find the popliteal pulse
To define the compartments of the leg
To describe the calf muscles & layers
To follow the tibial nerve & posterior tibial artery in the leg
To relate the deep & superficial veins of the leg & determine
their pathology
To describe the extensor & peroneal muscles
To define the anterior tibial vessels
To explore the superficial & deep peroneal nerves & main
pathologies affecting them in the region
To specify the ligaments in the region
To describe layers of the sole
To define the main nerves & vessels in the sole
To list some important ligaments & tendons in the region
To classify the joints relative to structure & shape
To describe the anatomy of the hip joint
To describe the ankle joint
To memorize their blood & nerve supply
To describe he knee joint, ligaments, structure &
neurovascular supply
To describe foot arches
To list main groups of lymph nodes in the LL
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Practical sessions in Lower Limb
P No.
Title
Objectives
6
1
o Bones of the lower limb
o To define specific bones of the LL
o To memorize their main parts & attachments
2
o Extensor compartment of the
thigh
o To list the muscles of the compartment
o To follow the femoral vessels & nerve
o To define the femoral triangle
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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o To list the 5 adductor muscles
o Adductor compartment of the
o To explore the obturator vessels & nerve
thigh
o To define the adductor canal
o To identify the layers of the G region
o To localize the various muscles
o Gluteal region
o To demonstrate vessels & nerves in the region
o To follow structures passing through the greater &
lesser sciatic foramina
o To identify the hamstrings
o Flexor compartment of the
o To follow the sciatic nerve & its branches
thigh
o To demonstrate the perforating vessels
o Popliteal fossa
o To identify the popliteal fossa, boundaries & contents
o To identify the superficial & deep muscles
o The calf
o To follow the tibial nerve with its branches
o To describe the anterior tibial artery & its branches
o To describe the extensor & peroneal compartment
o Front of the leg
o To list their muscles
o Dorsum of the foot
o To follow the neurovascular bundles
o To identify layers of the sole
o The sole
o To follow the plantar vessels & nerves
o To describe different ligaments in the region
o To explore the knee & hip joints
o Joints
o To demonstrate their capsules
o To explore their ligaments
o To identify bones of the lower limb in plain X ray films
o Workshop in radiology of
o To describe some pathological conditions affecting
lower limb
them
o To demonstrate some sections in the LL
o Optional review
Workshops:
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At the end of each practical term, a workshop in the radiology of the
concerned limb will be established.
General objectives of workshops:
1- To increase student self learning & communication with each
other.
2- To relate knowledge gained on cadaveric bones to radiological
points as this is the most important field where they will get use of
these knowledge.
3- To describe some simple abnormal bone films as in fractures &
dislocations.
4- To examine some sectional radiological films (MRI & CT scans) as
related to their gross knowledge.
Tutorials:
At the beginning of each practical session, a brief tutorial in which a case
scenario is prepared (almost fitting the subject of that session) will be
discussed with students for about 20 minutes time.
This will raise the attention of the student to the major points which he
should be care of during that session (and related ones).
The participation of students in discussion & their attitude & way of
thinking in the workshops & the tutorials will be taken in consideration
during the continuous progress evaluations of the module.
Assessment:
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Assessment of the student will be done depending on the following
criteria:
§ Continuous progress assessment; in which the student's knowledge,
behavior, attendance, the way of thinking … will be evaluated on
intervals throughout the academic year in the practicals, tutorials &
workshops, 20 marks will be given according to this evaluation.
§ A formative OSPE (Objective Structured Practical Exam) will be
held at the end of each practical term (one at the end of each of the
UL & LL sessions), the aim of these exams is to expose the student
to the exam which will be exactly like the summative one, in
addition, his score will be taken in consideration in the CPA.
Assessment includes 10 stations, some of them are cadaveric spots,
others are bones, others are X-rays of normal bones, manikans may be
used if needed.
§ The final summative exam will be divided into two sets:
1- Theory exam; as case scenarios & multiple choice questions, 60
marks will be given to this exam divided equally on upper & lower
limbs.
2- Final OSPE, like the formative exams, 20 marks will be given
divided equally on upper & lower limbs.
The spots in this exam are 20, distributed as in the formative exam on the
bodies, bones, X-rays & manikans.
Recommended readings:
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Students can get benefit from the wide variety of Anatomy books, atlases
& articles online. The following books in their latest versions are mostly
recommended:
1- Moore, K.: Clinically Oriented Anatomy.
2- Drake, R., Wayne, V. & Mitchel, A.: Gray's Anatomy for
Students.
3- Agur, A. & Dalley, A.: Grant's Atlas of Anatomy.
Advice:
Students who have interest in Anatomy can consult the moderator or
assessor or any of the teaching staff to direct them to do certain
researches (optional), & this will have a reflection on the mark of CPA.
Professor Dr.
Nawfal K. Yaas
The moderator of HSF module
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