Dietary Reference Intakes

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Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Estimated Average Requirements

Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies

Life Stage

Group

Calcium

(mg/d)

Infants

0 to 6 mo

6 to 12 mo

Children

1–3 y 500

4–8 y 800

Males

9–13 y 1,100

14–18 y 1,100

19–30 y 800

31–50 y 800

51–70 y 800

> 70 y 1,000

Females

9–13 y 1,100

14–18 y 1,100

19–30 y 800

31–50 y 800

51–70 y 1,000

> 70 y 1,000

Pregnancy

14–18 y 1,000

19–30 y 800

31–50 y 800

Lactation

14–18 y 1,000

19–30 y 800

31–50 y 800

CHO

(g/d)

Protein

(g/kg/d)

1.0

100 0.87

100 0.76

100 0.76

100 0.73

100 0.66

100 0.66

100 0.66

100 0.66

100 0.76

100 0.71

100 0.66

100 0.66

100 0.66

100 0.66

135 0.88

135 0.88

135 0.88

160 1.05

160 1.05

160 1.05

530

550

550

885

900

900

420

485

500

500

500

500

210

275

445

630

625

625

625

625

Vit A

(

µ g/d) a

Vit C

(mg/d)

Vit D

(

µ g/d)

63

75

75

75

75

13

22

39

39

56

60

60

60

60

66

70

70

96

100 10

100 10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

12

12

12

12

12

5

6

9

12

12

12

16

16

16

9

12

12

12

12

12

Vit E

(mg/d) b

Thiamin

(mg/d)

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

0.8

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.4

0.5

0.8

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

0.7

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.4

0.5

0.7

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Riboflavin

(mg/d)

Niacin

(mg/d) c

Vit B

6

(mg/d)

Folate

(

µ g/d) d

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

0.8

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.3

0.4

0.5

0.8

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.4

1.4

14

14

14

13

13

13

9

11

11

11

11

11

9

12

12

12

12

12

5

6

520

520

520

450

450

450

250

330

320

320

320

320

120

160

250

330

320

320

320

320

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.4

1.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

0.7

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Vit

B

12

(

µ g/d)

Copper

(

µ g/d)

Iodine

(

µ g/d)

Iron

(mg/d)

Magnesium

(mg/d)

160

160

160

209

209

209

73

95

95

95

95

95

95

95

95

95

95

65

65

73

785

800

800

985

1,000

1,000

540

685

700

700

700

700

260

340

540

685

700

700

700

700

23

22

22

7

6.5

6.5

5.7

7.9

8.1

8.1

5

5

6

6

6

6.9

3.0

4.1

5.9

7.7

6

335

290

300

300

255

265

200

300

255

265

265

265

65

110

200

340

330

350

350

350

40

40

40

35

36

36

26

33

34

34

34

34

26

33

34

13

17

34

34

34

Molybdenum

(

µ g/d)

Phosphorus

(mg/d)

Selenium

(

µ g/d)

Zinc

(mg/d)

380 17

405 23

1,055 35

1,055 45

580 45

580 45

580 45

580 45

1,055 35

1,055 45

580 45

580 45

580 45

580 45

1,055 49

580 49

580 49

1,055 59

580 59

580 59

10.5

9.5

9.5

10.9

10.4

10.4

7.0

7.3

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.8

2.5

2.5

4.0

7.0

8.5

9.4

9.4

9.4

9.4

NOTE : An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirements of half of the healthy individuals in a group. EARs have not been established for vitamin K, pantothenic acid, biotin, choline, chromium, fluoride, manganese, or other nutrients not yet evaluated via the DRI process. a

As retinol activity equivalents (RAEs). 1 RAE = 1

µ g retinol, 12

µ g

β

-carotene, 24

µ g

α

-carotene, or 24

µ g

β

-cryptoxanthin. The RAE for dietary provitamin A carotenoids is two-fold greater than retinol equivalents

(RE), whereas the RAE for preformed vitamin A is the same as RE. b

As

α

-tocopherol.

α

-Tocopherol includes RRR-

α

tocopherol, the only form of

α

-tocopherol that occurs naturally in foods, and the 2R -stereoisomeric forms of

α

-tocopherol ( RRR -, RSR -, RRS -, and RSS -

α

-tocopherol) that occur in fortified foods and supplements. It does not include the 2S -stereoisomeric forms of

α

-tocopherol ( SRR -, SSR -, SRS -, and SSS -

α

-tocopherol), also found in fortified foods and supplements.

c d

As niacin equivalents (NE). 1 mg of niacin = 60 mg of tryptophan.

As dietary folate equivalents (DFE). 1 DFE = 1 µg food folate = 0.6 µg of folic acid from fortified food or as a supplement consumed with food = 0.5 µg of a supplement taken on an empty stomach.

SOURCES : Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997); Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B

6

, Folate, Vitamin B

12

, Pantothenic Acid,

Biotin, and Choline (1998); Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000); Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron,

Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001); Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (2002/2005); and Dietary Reference

Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D (2011). These reports may be accessed via www.nap.edu.

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