MICROSCOPY
PORTFOLIO
By:
Natalie Sanchez & Elisa Hyder
Red Stream
ABSTRACT
Every cell has its own structure, shape and form.
Because of this, cells react to chemicals in different
ways since their individual structure and make-up
determine whether each cell is permeable or
selectively permeable. In this slideshow, you will see
the different cells that we observed, how they look
in different magnifications, and how their structures
affect different chemical reactions. We hope you will
get a better understanding of cells and how they
work after going through this presentation.
RED ONION CELL:
40x & 100x
Fig. 1B - 100x
Fig. 1A - 40x
nuclei
RED ONION CELL:
400x
The two substances inside of the
onion cell that gives it its shape are
the vacuole and the chloroplast. The
vacuole is also responsible for
containing and storing water for the
cell. The chloroplast is the home of
the chlorophyll - the part that gives
the plant its pigment & absorbs light
energy.
Fig. 1C - 400x
Nucleus
Nucleus
CHEEK CELL:
40x & 100x
Fig. 2A - 40x
Fig. 2B - 100x
CHEEK CELL:
400x
Fig. 2C - 400x
One of the reasons that the cheek
cells differ from onion cells is that
the cheek cells are a type of animal
cells. Unlike plant cells, the vacuole of
a cheek cell serves a different
purpose - storing waste - and it is
also a different figure. Also, cheek
cells do not have chloroplast.
Remember, a plant cell has a cell wall
and a cell membrane and animal cells
have only a cell membrane, which is
usually more permeable than the cell
wall is.
mm GRID:
40x, 100x, 400x
mm grid 40x
about 4,000 µm
mm grid 100x
about 250 µm
mm grid 400x
about 100 µm
To calculate how many micrometers (µm) are in one
millimeter (mm). The answer to that is 1000. When
going from a larger unit to a small one (mm to µm),
multiply the first unit by the difference between the
two. So, to estimate amount of millimeters that is in
one piece of the grid and multiply it by 1000.
SIZE
COMPARISON
Fig. 1A - 40x
Red Onion Cell
From our calculations, we have
concluded that the Red Union
Cell at 40x is approximately 750
µm, and the Cheek Cell at 40x is
approximately 200 µm.
Fig. 2A - 40x
Cheek Cell
SIZE
COMPARISON
While zooming in, because the field of view was getting
closer and more focused on one area, we measured less
µm because we only saw a small section of the original
images caught at 40x. We measured more µm in the
image of the onion cells taken at 40x because we were
looking at the entire cell from a more distant view. That
is why as we measured the cells at a stronger
magnitude, we measured less µm. To actually find the
amount of µm in the images we had to take the
estimated number of mm in the images and multiply it
by 1,000 since there are 1,000 µm in one mm.
RED ONION CELL:100X
Before & After NaCl
cell wall
nucleus
Fig. 1B - 100x
cell wall
Fig. 3A - 100x NaCl
nucleus
Nucleus
Cell Wall
RED ONION CELL:400X
Before & After NaCl
Fig 1C - 400x
Nucleus
Cell Wall
Fig 3B - 400x NaCl
Cell Wall
NaCl
EXPLANATION
The substances in a plant cell have a type of equilibrium to
them. When a new substance is introduced, the cell balances it
out. Plant cells also undergo a process called osmosis. During
this process, water diffuses across a selectively permeable cell.
So, when the new substance was added under the cover slip, the
amount of water inside the cell and the amount outside of the
cell became unbalanced. So, the cell underwent osmosis in order
to allow water to pass through it. Because of the salt inside the
water, salt also passed and spread throughout the membrane.
We have concluded that the salt continued to absorb water
already inside the cell, causing it to shrivel. That’s why the cell
membrane is pushing in, to protect the water.
MARINE CILIATES
QUESTION:
What are the smaller
figures/substances we are
able to see inside of the
marine ciliate?
Marine ciliates 400x
Example of figures in question
MARINE CILIATES
Answer:
We both thought differently when it
came to assuming what the tiny
organisms are. One of us thought that
the little organisms were the ciliates that
made up a whole bunch of ciliates
because we found out, from further
research that marine ciliates actually live
in colonies. The other thought that the
little organisms were actually the ciliate’s
cells, which is possible because ciliates
are single celled organisms.
DIPLOCOCCUS
PNEUMONIAE
QUESTION:
What harm can this
bacterium do?
Diplococcus pneumoniae 400x
DIPLOCOCCUS
PNEUMONIAE
Answer:
•
Diplococcus pneumoniae is a type of
bacteria that causes pneumonia in mice
and humans. Diplococcus pneumoniae is
also connected and may make humans
more susceptible to pneumonia,
meningitis, and other bacteria-caused
diseases.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
•Elisa Hyder
•Natalie Sanchez
•Gamal Sherif
•Kenny Rochester
•Newon Dennis