NATIIAIìI LEf¡Y'S STORIES WIÎH HOTES - 13 VOTUME XIII an NL Asoociateo, fnc. book Nathan Levy's STORIES WITH HOLES Vot" Xilt a collection of original thinking activities for improving inquiry. Copyright 1993 N.L. Associates, lnc. Publishers All rights reserved. No part ot,lhis book may be reproduced in any manner whatever, including informalion storage or'relrieval,, in whole or in part (except.for brief quotalions in crilical articles or reviews), wilhoul wrilten permission from the publisher. For information, write to: N.L. Associates,.lnc, PO Box 1199 Hightstown¡ NJ 08520 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 89-92 1 95 lsBN # 't-878347-27-6. Printed in the United States of America PREFACE - by Nathan Levy This book is the result of, several years' accumulation by the author of ideas leading to puzzling stories'that lend,themselves to what I call thinking games. The "games" have become the means for thousands of people to carry on a totally enjoyable process of engaging critical and imqginative thinking. The original STORIES W|TH HOLES is a collection of.stor¡esjthat has,been gathered from various sourc€s. To the best of my knowledge,' NATHAN IEVY'S STORIES WITH HOTES are, original. Wherever I travel I,share some of the stories with my training groups. Teachers, parents and children enjoy the stor¡es,irnmensely. I have been asked many times for a collection of the stories. My STORIES TO STRETCH MTNDS VOLS. l-lV were the result of those requests by teachers who have found the games.to be fascinating and rewarding, educationa!. experi€nces. I have created th€ NATHAN LEVY'S STORIES WITH HOLES series to keep u¡r with the demand. Since the present collection can in no way be considered exhaustive, I encourage the reader to send me others that you may know or create yourself, so that future editions can be added to the collection. INTRODUCTION The objectives of using NATHAN LEVY'S STORIES WITH HOLES include the following: * to provide for growth in imaginat¡on and intuitive functioning * to encourage divergent thinking * to give experiences that display the fun of working cooperatively, rather than competitively, on a common problem t to increase cognitive skills of resolving discrepancies through successful exper¡ences * to provide enjoyable changes-of-pace for task-oriented learning environments This is a structured activity. lt ¡s designed to ensure involvement on the part of each participant, and to promote feelings of group and individual success. The games are designed to accommodate all age levels. 'Children" from ages 8-88 will benefit from using these stories. The time a game takes will vary. Usually 3 to 20 minutes is taken, but some stor¡es can take hours. Teachers often open or close a class period with a game, or use one whenever a change of pace (i.e. from either a quiet seat-work or physically active set) ¡s required. Children, lower grades through high school, tend to regard these thinking games as play instead of work. lt is one of the few activities I know of that "hooks" almost anyone into creative use of their intelligence, i.e. learning, almost in spite of themselves. NATHAN LEVY'S STORIES WITH HOLES are for all groups -- regardless of age, background or achievern€nt level. *rPlease note that I have revised the above introduction and the following rnethodology as they appeared in the original collection of STORIES WITH HOLES. The revision were based on my current workshop experiences with children and adults. N.L. METHODOLOGY At least the f¡rst time a group plays, it will be necessary to begin by announcing something like the following: "l am going to tell you a story with a hole in it -- I mean that an important part of the story is missing. Listen carefully so you can find the missing part, for the story may not seem to n'lake much sense to you at first...' (At this point you tell the story once, pause, then tell ¡t exactly the same way again. Then say...) "You can ask questions that can be answered either with a "yes" or with a "no'. I can only answer "yes', "no", "does not compute", or ,'is not relevant". lf I answer "does not compute,', that means that the question you asked cannot receivq a straight "yesn or "no" w¡thout throwing you off the track. " Allow for questions about the process if there are any, but usually ¡t ¡s best simply to jump into the game by having the questioning start. The process becomes clear as the game progresses. Once a group has played the game, the full directions given above for playing the game are unnecessary. From this point on, answer only in one of the four designated ways. Following is an example of a computed story taken from STORIES WITH HOLES, and how it might be played: Storv: A man lives on the twentieth floor of an apartment building. Every time he leaves, he rides a self-service elevator from the twentieth floor to the street; but every time he returns, hs rides the same self-service elevator only to the fifteenth floor, where he leaves the elevator and walks up the remaining five flights of stairs. (Repeat, then ask who knows the answer already; if any do, ask them to observe and not g¡ve away the answer.l O,uestion: Does the elevator go all the way up? Answer: Yes. O: A: O: A: O: Does he want the exercise? No. Does it have something to do with the elevator not working right? No. Does he have a girlfriend on the 15th floor he stops to see? A: ltüo. O: Does the nran have something different about him? A: Yes. O: ls he a robber? A: No. O: ls he a rcal man? A: Yes. O: A tall man? A: No. O: ls his size irnportant? A: Yes. O: I knowl He's a midget, and he can,t reach A: the button to push itl Rightl At this point, make certa¡n that all the part¡cipants understand the answor and why it is the corrã"t questions like: I When do you see yourself having to use the kind of thinking you use in this game? Usually, a group of youngsters will be eager to try a second gamo right away. Genetally, it is best to less -- too soon for the groqp to "get into it.") Some important points to remernber: 1. lmmediately - and before in the group the lias of each story - ask if anyone knows the answer. Tell these people to refrain from questioning, and observe. 2. Use the "does not compute" response whenever a single work or phrase in a question makes it so that neither a "yes" or "nol answer is possible. Examples from the story above: t Why does the man live on the twentieth floor? ("Why' questions -- or lwhere, who, when, what, which" -- cannot be answered "yes" or "no"). o "Does the elevator operator rnake the rnan get off at the fifteenthT" (No mention was made of an operator.l t "ls the man over 5O?" (ln this case, answer is irrelevant; you could answer "yes",or rno" hsre, but, in an effort to steer the group away from pr€occupation with age, "it is not relevant" is better.) Teach the group that "does not compute" and "it is not relevant" are designed to help the questioners, not to confuse them. 3. ln an effort to be a "helpful computer", |ou may use body English. For instance, ¡f someone asks something that is not correct, but is in an ¡mportant category for the solution (i.e. "ls the man too tall?"l answer "No-o-o-o, but...l" while beckoning with your hands to show the group is "getting warm". Any such non-verbal helps by you will serve to show the class you want them to g€t the answer, and are not deliberately frustrating their efforts. Smiles, widened yes, leaning forward -- all say the same thing, and keep motivation high. (lt is no fun to play a computer gam€ with a smug computor, who exudes an air of "Nyan-nyan. lhave-the-answer-and-you-don't", or "Thatrs a dumb question."l 4. Don't let a game lag. lf a game goes past 10 or 12 minutes, some people begin to lose interest. At this point, several options afo opon: a. Stop being the computer, and review the important clues the group has already found -perhaps including a suggostion for where to focus quest¡ons (i.e. "Okay, we'v€ establ¡shed that it isn't the fault of the elevator, of the building or any other person; what do we know about the man himself?") b. lnvite any who said at the beginning they already know the answsr, to ask "leading questions" that hint at the answer -- without actually giving the final solution away. c: Ctose the gamq for ts€ prqsent. There is absolutely nothing harmfut in r""ring ttãóu!¿" unsolved. The group can return to ¡t anoit wlren interest and.energy arc high. Some,iràãnt, "it¡r", may protest, but do not give the answer. The experience of non-closure has some valuable learning in itself; but more importantly, oÃã" , group has expended considerable .nrrgy * tn" game, the victory should be an earnedîn;. Although there may be somo unusual circumstances under which you would give the group the answer,. I have found ¡t best ñot to Jo .o (even if some are beg ¡s not to 'take the answer a u can always r.trrn tà ¡t .t important is that they (th e feeling of "we-did-¡tlt. 5. Share the cornputer ileaderl role. Once kids have learned how the ga volunteer lead the os€ from the l¡st in this book soon as you are convinced they are familia, ,,,rï,,ît the story, the answer, and the process strould previousry.have moderedr nave them;;"d the story ro the ctass, change ¡nto ttrá h;ú;d. computer, and begin taking questions. Be sur€ to pass the leadership rore around, for nruny-*li *ìrh to take part. (A child-led computer game is an exceltent smail-group activiry io havã g;¡ng; ¡1" you are employed qlsewhere in the c¡aãsroóm.l game. i*î¡"t'i"" - *t t Be aware that certain children may use the leader position for power and act to frustrate the ctass. From the outset, stress that the role is one of "helpful computer". (Most important here is what you model.l 6. Encourage categorical thinking. When a player asks a quest¡on beginning "Would ¡t help us to know..." or "Does it have anything to do with..." pause in the game and show how the type of question is uniquely helpful in narrowing down the range of questions, distilling and focusing the group's attention, or cutting away large slices of the topic that are irrelevant. Thus, the question "ls the man's occupation important?" tends to be more useful than "ls he a plumber? A teacher?", etc. 7, that a question is exactly true, or before responding (one word can false, exactly make the differencel. Be sure 8. lntroduce new challenges. After a group has becoms proficient at questioning, perhaps by saying that they will be allowed only 20 quest¡ons a session. Specia! lhanks for their story ideas to lhe Sth grado studenls in lhe G/T, program al Dalton Elementary School in Aurora, CO and lo their teacher Kaf 'Norquist. Alderson Bradney Ary Bush Cody Þludson Odinel Melarejo Chris Ritchie Kurt Jacob Keith Benson Ryan Brennan Bobby Hiller Lisa Dinner Han ¡¡g Michael Tullis The Runners Through the heat they ran and ran, day and night for 40 da¡rs straight-no breaks ;for meals, drinks or sleep. The only thing that ,finally stopped them was the rextreme cold weather that câth€ about. Answe r: Noses ran because of allergy season (freeze) finaily stopped tñã allergies. a frost 2 Lori's Barrel Lori Sourifman we¡ghed her half full wooden barrel. lt weighed 60 pounds. Later she noticed something had been put in it, but when she weighed ¡t again, it weighed less that 60 pounds - at least 10 pounds less. Answer: Buckshol had been "pul in', the barrel, creating several holes through it. Some of the water ¡n itre barrel came out. Steve's Shouts "Hold ¡t! Don't Move!", Steve shouted as he shot repeatedly at the crowd. Even though there were 2 people badly wounded, no one blamed the shooter. Answer: several other choices. Mark Crescas, the Litile League pitcher, took his time as he prepared for the last inning of the All Star Game. He walked slowly towards the mound to get ready to start the last inning. The mound had disappeared, but no official stopped the game. Mark pitched the last iniing. Answer: The "mound" in thjs case was a candy bar Mark was going to eal afler the game. One of Mark,s leammates look il. Eileen's Sister Eileen's sister Kim drove her there, annoying Eileen all the way - even though Kim was only 10 years old. Answer: Eileen's sister drove her up a walt. 6 John Lonoo's New Suit Mr. John Longo put on his suit and left for work. While at work, Mr. Longo slightly tore his new suit. His partners in the firm were very upset at the way John looked - even though none of thern cared about fashion. Answer: John was a scuba diver. When a rock punctured his suil, water rushed in and he had to return to the surface, His partners needed him in the work they were doing. Therefore, all of lhe divers had to return to lhe surface with him. 7 Jason and The Train Jason held up the train. The sheriff and his deputies quietly observed Jason's actions. Jason's actions went unpunished. Answe¡: Jason's aunl married the sheriff and he held up the train on her wedding dress as she went down the a is le. Laura loved to pick wild flowers. One day she wandered too tar into the forest. She saw a great big beautiful dandelion. Laura knew she could not make herself pick this one. Answer: This was a real dandy lion - escaped from the zoo. Caroly0 the Loyal Subfecr Carolyn the,loyal subfect was glven the opportunlly to walk ln.the .royal,garden befors dlnner. As lt got dark, Carolyn rushed to , tell , her ,parents about , comlng acrogs the Prlnce ,durlng her ouilng. 'When her,parents,asked Garolyn ll she had bowed to ithe , pilneer Carolyn ,looked 'surprlsed,. laughgd .and .sald, .,Of . course not." Her,parents¡ also loyal subfects of the klng,' dld not punlsh Gerolyn ln England. l¡¡t¡l ¡ "prlncr':'øtolln:lrw wtrl :thr lool .pflnlt1trrlr by lhr Prlncr:ln thr wlntrr rnor çTb rrrly drrlnr¡¡ lrllr.you ll Ir wlntar, rhtch ¡h'ould brá ùo lh. pomlblllty.'ot,¡now ¡nd lool .prlnlr'!). Thr, Carolyn the loyal subject was given the opportunity to walk in the royal garden before dinner. As ¡t got dark, Carolyn rushed to tell her parents about coming across the Prince during her outing. When her parents asked Carolyn if she had bowed to the prince, Carolyn looked surprised, laughed and said, "Of course not." Her parents, also loyal subjects of the king, d¡d not punish Carolyn in England. An swe¡: lo Jeff,s Arrest Jeff was arrested and fined simply because he spilled a case of strawberry jelly on the street. Answer: Jeff caused a traffic jam. 11 Mary Kotz reached down and touched the casile's antique keys, even though a sign said, "DO NOT TOUCH!" The security guards came running, along with many others. Mary continued to touón the keys. No one dared stop her. Answer: Mary was a concert pianist and owner of lhe antique piano. The security guards simpty let the ¡¡nes oi' people enter lhe concerl hall al curtain l¡me to hear her play. 12 The Hot, Day On an extremely hot day, Rob entered the large building. As the buildingts owner, ât first Rob was happy when he saw 40 people and 80 heads. Then he really got angry. He should only have seen 79 heads. Answer: Rob was the owner of a bar. The g0 heads were lhe people's heads plus the beer heads. The ornn", gåiangry because the bartender should not have bãen drinking on the job. There should naue Ueen ônlf 79 heads because there should nol have been a båer by the bartender. 13 Joe Montana made a beautiful touchdown! The crowd roared and cheered when it was made. The game plan was followed and all rules abided by, but still no po¡nts were allowed. Answe¡: Joe Montana was the name of an aslronaut. space shullle had touched down. H¡s 1 4 Sam The Killer After spending most of his life behind bars, Sam was finally set free. He killed and killed and killed again. The authorities observed hi¡n when they could, but took no action because they were happy! An swer: Sam the panther had been ln capitivity since he was a small cub. Once set free in the wild, Sám kllled his prey to surv¡ve. The wildlife authorities watched him to be sure he would survive in the wild, and were happy when he did. ls Ryan's Change of Heart Last year when Ryan saw the huge giant coming toward him, hê was not afraid. This year, when Ryan saw the huge giant coming toward him, hê started to run away - even though he still was not af raid. Answer: The giant was a member of the Giant's football team - which Ryan played for last year. This year, Ryan was on a differenl team. The huge Giant coming Towards Ryan was lrying to tackle him. 16 Jennifer's Bovfriend Jennifer's boyfriend had a new sports car and was to pick her up after work to show ¡t to her. She waited and waited. Suddenly ¡t started to rain. She had no umbrella, no raincoat, no hat. When her boyfriend finally came, i 5 minutes later, she got into the car perf ectly dry. Answer; Jennifer had waited inside the building. 17 Michaells Slide Michael slid into home base. The catcher d¡d not have the ball. The umpire did not signal Michael safe. An swer: Michael was coming up home base. to bat, slipped and slid into 18a Al the policeman found Dana dead in the middle of the isolated highway. No signs of ph¡rsical harm were visible, and no evidence of anything or anyone was around. Within a few minutes, it was obvious that Evan Milman was the culprit who left Dana for dead. An swe ¡: The palrolman came upon Evan Milman,s abandoned car (which Evan had named Dana) slalled because of a dead battery. When Al the policeman looke.d in the glove compartment, he found lhe regislralion wilh Evan's name and address. 1e The Elderly pilato Couple The Pilatos, âñ elderly man and woman, had been behind bars most of their adult lives. At last, they were freed. Though they were innocent of any crime, no one felt sorry for the time the Pilato's were behind bars - Dor could Mr. Pilato sue any law enf orcement agency f or f alse arrest. Answer: The Pilatos were two ¡elired bartenders. 20 Glenn Was Strong and Healthy Glenn, a strong, healthy, young man, was complaining. None of the other young men had offered to stand on the crowded bus so the little old lady with her arms full of packages could sit. Self rightous Glenn, did not offer his seat, even though he was as healthy as the other young meR who stayed seated. Why? Answer: Glenn was lhe bus driver. ABOUT THE AUTHOR NATHAN IEVY Nathan LeVy is a well known educator, public speaker and author. He has toun¿eá' private summer and Saturd"y gifted and tatented chitdren ãnä t"ln"g"i"in Princeton, New Jersey. ln addition, mr]lÀn/ nr.gll" direcfly with teachers, parents, and children to enhance. creativity in tris role as a public school principal. Nathan is the author of several volumes of Nathan Levy,s STORTES WTH HOLES, the originator of rhe STORTES Tó STRETCH MINDS series. His classic poem, THERE ARE THOSE, is now available'in back. His collaborative effort on the WXöfap"rÄm I series is another example of Nathan,s continual striving to initiate thiniing in chirdren and ãJùt". His books and worksho provoking ideas and act to broaden the creative t him in high demand as a national level. His projects have been featured in radio interviews and on television specials. Mr. Levy resides in princeton, New jersey. He can be reached af N.L. Associates, PO Box llgg, Hightstown, NJ Og52O, for further informafion about his workshops and/or publications. progr".;;;; T:!ls ;; N.L. Associates, lnc. publishers PO Box 1199 Hightstown, ?{J 0BS2O Nathan Levy, aulhor of the Stories With Holes series and There Are Those, and other nationally known authors and speakers can help your school or organization achieve positive results with children. We can work with you to provide a complete inservice package or have one of our presenlers lead one of several informative, Prrctlcrl rcllyltl.. lor ttrchlng gltt.d chlldr.n. lnt.grrtlng thlnklng lnto th. cl¡t¡room, Trrchlng ¡lltrd chlldrcn ln lh. r.gul¡r cl¡r¡room. Ct.¡tlng b¡ttrr r¡¡dcr¡ rnd lhlnl.r., ActlvltlÚ, tlt¡trgl.¡ ¡nd ¡nrt¡rl¡l¡ to t.¡ch thlnklne , Urlng Storl.r wlth Hol.¡ tnd oth.r thlnlln¡ ectlvlthr. Pr'.nllng, How to cr.rt. orlglntl unlt¡ of rludy. Bulldlng ..lh.t..m - Actlvlll.. th¡t work. Thr prlnclprl lr .n .duc¡tlonrl l.tdrr. Glfi.d rnd sp.chl Educrllon rnd m¡ny mor.. 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