JTH3000
EthnicRelationsTheory,ResearchandPolicy
https://portal.utoronto.ca
http://munkschool.utoronto.ca/ethnicstudies/graduate‐program/
Instructor: Prof. Jeffrey G. Reitz
Department of Sociology
Ethnic, Immigration and Pluralism Studies
Munk School of Global AffairsUniversity of Toronto
Fall, 2014
isciplineessaypresentationschedule
ptember 15
Ian Mark Van Haren (SOC, MA)
Helen Mo (Religion/PhD)
Talja Koncar (CERES, MA)
ptember 22 (today):
Jonathan Kauenhowen (SOC, MA)
Katherine Kawalerczak (CERES, MA)
Scarlett Jones (SPPG, MA)
Yukiko Tanaka (SOC, MA)
Katja Tupak (SPPG, MPP)
• September 29:
• Rene Bogovic (SOC, PhD)
• Rudolf DuToit (MIRHR)
Sarah Misu Lee (SOC, MA)
• Keitaro Isogai (POL, MA)
• Elisha Corrigan (SOC, PhD)
• October 6 (due date)
• Joeanna Leung (SJE, MEd)
• Hanane Benzidane (MIRHR)
ssion#3
hnicCommunitiesandIncorporation/Assimilation
Concepts: Ethnic communities and other types of ethnic organization: what concepts are needed?
Micro‐Theories: Some sociological theories for immigrants: how do other disciplines differ?
Macro‐Theories: Plural societies, ethnic segmentation v. ethnic heterogeneity
Readings
Richard Alba, and Victor Nee, Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration,” International Migration Review 31, 4 (Win 1997): 826‐874.
Robert D. Putnam, “E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty‐first Century, The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture, ” Scandinavian Political Studies, 30, 2 (2007): 137‐74.
AspectsofEthnicCommunities
rOrganization
Geographic concentration, Regions, Neighborhoods
Cultural institutions, religious institutions
Economic institutions, Ethnic businesses
Social networks, social organization
Endogamy
Political activities, organizations
Institutional completeness (Breton 1964)
Transnational dimensions
omeSociologicalTheories‐‐
verview
Assimilation ‐ ‘Chicago School’: Robert Park and the ‘race relations cycle’
Multiple outcomes: Louis Wirth: Assimilation, pluralism, militancy, succession
Multi‐dimensionality: Milton Gordon: cultural, structural, marital, residential assimilation
Ethnic retention v. social incorporation : Berry, Breton, Canadian multiculturalism
Assimilationtheoryand
lternatives
High <----- Ethnic community formation -----> Low
Assimilationtheoryand
lternatives
Pluralism
Isolation
High <----- Ethnic community formation -----> Low
Assimilation
Marginality
Assimilationtheoryand
lternatives
Pluralism
Isolation
High <----- Ethnic community formation -----> Low
Assimilation
Marginality
Assimilationtheoryand
lternatives
Assimilation
Pluralism
Jewish
Ukrainian
German
Italian
Chinese
Isolation
West Indian
High <----- Ethnic community formation -----> Low
Marginality
pectsofEthnicCommunitiesorOrganization:
hichallowbothretentionandincorporation?
Geographic concentration, Regions, Neighborhoods
Cultural institutions, religious institutions
Economic institutions, Ethnic businesses
Social networks, social organization
Endogamy
Political activities, organizations
pectsofEthnicCommunitiesorOrganization:
hichallowbothretentionandincorporation?
Geographic concentration, Regions, Neighborhoods
Cultural institutions, religious institutions
Economic institutions, Ethnic businesses
Social networks, social organization
Endogamy
Political activities, organizations
omeSociologicalTheories‐‐
verview
Assimilation ‐ ‘Chicago School’: Robert Park and the ‘race relations cycle’
Multiple outcomes: Louis Wirth: Assimilation, pluralism, militancy, succession
Multi‐dimensionality: Milton Gordon: cultural, structural, marital, residential assimilation
Ethnic retention v. social incorporation : Berry, Breton, Canadian multiculturalism
omeSociologicalTheories‐‐
verview
Assimilation ‐ ‘Chicago School’: Robert Park and the ‘race relations cycle’
Multiple outcomes: Louis Wirth: Assimilation, pluralism, militancy, succession
Multi‐dimensionality: Milton Gordon: cultural, structural, marital, residential assimilation
Ethnic retention v. social incorporation : Berry, Breton, Canadian multiculturalism
Assimilation revisited: Alba and Nee, reduction in ethnic difference
omeSociologicalTheories‐‐
verview
Assimilation ‐ ‘Chicago School’: Robert Park and the ‘race relations cycle’
Multiple outcomes: Louis Wirth: Assimilation, pluralism, militancy, succession
Multi‐dimensionality: Milton Gordon: cultural, structural, marital, residential assimilation
Ethnic retention v. social incorporation : Berry, Breton, Canadian multiculturalism
Assimilation revisited: Alba and Nee, reduction in ethnic difference
Transnationalism: global effects
Macro‐theoreticconsiderations
Social construction of assimilation and incorporation
• Mainstream and minority define desired outcomes, these may vary within groups, across groups, across societies (Alba, Reitz and Simon 2102)
• Does a ‘mainstream’ exist?
Plural societies
• Segmentation v. heterogeneity
• Elite accommodation
thnicDiversitySurvey,2002
=41,666
thno‐cultural Groups
Ethnic Ancestry
Visible Minority Status
Indicators of Social Integration
• Life satisfaction
• Ties to Canadian society
•
•
•
•
spects of Diversity
Ethnic attachments (importance of
ancestry, customs, belonging)
Religion, religious commitment
• Civic participation
• Volunteer activities
• Voting
equality
Household Income
Experience of discrimination
(self-reported)
Feelings of discomfort
‘Canadian’ identity
Citizenship
Sense of belonging in Canada
Trust in people
Generation/Time
•
•
Period of Immigration
Generation, Age
thno‐racialDiversityintheEDS
ncestry (not visible minorities)
Visible minorities
Anglo
French
North and Western European
Russian and East European
Jewish
Arab and West Asian
Latin American
Greek
Italian
Portuguese
Other European
Canadian
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chinese
South Asian
Black
Filipino
Latin American
Southeast Asian
Arab and West Asian
Korean
Japanese
Visible minorities, other
Multiple visible minorities
at is the effect of
nic attachments on
al integration?
ession coefficients for
t of ethnic attachments
ocial integration, by
igrant cohort and
ration, and controlling
ge and (for immigrants)
th of time in Canada
: Reitz, et al., Multiculturalism
cial Cohesion: Potentials and
nges of Diversity, Springer, 2009
H3000
hnicRelationsTheory,ResearchandPolicy
ps://portal.utoronto.ca
p://munkschool.utoronto.ca/ethnicstudies/graduate‐program/
tructor: Prof. Jeffrey G. Reitz
artment of Sociology
nic, Immigration and Pluralism Studies
nk School of Global AffairsUniversity of Toronto
2014