Date: ___________________________ Period: ____ Name: __________________________
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA AND CHORDATA
(Chapter 29)
Ch 29.1: Echinoderms
I. Echinoderms
A. Origin of the Phylum name: echino = _______________, dermis = _______________
II. What is an Echinoderm?
A. Characteristics of Phylum Echinodermata
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B. Water vascular system
1. Description: Internal network of fluid-filled ______________ connected to
external appendages called __________________________________________
2. Water vascular system is involved in 5 essential life functions:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
C. What do Echinoderms have in common with vertebrates?
1.
2.
III. Form and Function in Echinoderms
A. Body plan: _____________________ symmetry
1. Do not have a ________________ not a ___________ end and no ___________
2. But most are __________________ sided
a) Mouth is located on ________________ surface, opposite side is called
the ________________ surface.
B. All echinoderms have a water ____________________ system.
1. Opens to outside through a _________________________
2. In starfish:
a) Madreporite connects to a tube called the _________________________
b) From the ring canal, 5 ________________________ extend into each arm
c) Attached to each radial canal are hundreds of movable _______________
________________________
3. System operates like a series of living _____________________ pumps
a) When water is pushed into a tube foot, the tube foot _________________
b) When water is pulled out, the cup on the end of the tube foot
___________, creating a partial ______________ that holds on
c) One foot cannot _______ much, but hundreds acting ________ create
enormous ______________
C. Feeding
1. Describe how starfish feed:
D. Respiration
1. Most species use tissue of ___________________________________________
2. Others (e.g. starfish) have small outgrowths called ________________________
E. Internal Transport
1. Special system for gas exchange not needed because:
2. Nutrient distribution done by ________ glands and fluid in __________________
F. Excretion
1. Solid wastes released through ________________
2. Ammonia excreted by ____________________ and ______________________
G. Response
1. Most echinoderms have a ____________ ring that surrounds the mouth and
___________ nerves that connect the ring with the body sections
2. Scattered ______________ cells detect food chemicals
3. Starfish have clusters of _________ sensitive cells called ________ at arm tips
4. _____________ tell if organism is ____________________ up
H. Reproduction
1. Most echinoderms are either ______________ or ________________
2. Egg and sperm are released in the _____________ when other eggs and
sperms are detected so fertilization occurs in ____________ water
3. Larvae swim in the ________________ community until they mature and
______________ into adults at the bottom of the ocean.
I. Use Figure 29.3 in your textbook to label the following diagram:
IV. The Echinoderm Classes
A. Echinoderms are NOT found:
1.
2.
B. Starfish
1. Also known as:
2. Physical description:
C. Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars
1. Physical description:
a) Sand dollars are _________-shaped;
Sand Dollar
Sea Urchins are _________-shaped
D. Sea Cucumbers
1. Physical description:
Sea Urchin
V. How Echinoderms Fit into the World
A. Ecological roles:
1. Starfish are important __________________ that control ___________________
of other animals
2. Sea Urchins control _________________, but can “overeat” and destroy habitats
B. Use by humans:
1. As food:
2. As sources of chemicals used as potential drugs against __________________
and ___________________
3. Sea Urchins used to study embryological development because:
QUESTIONS
1. How do tube feet help echinoderms to carry out their essential life functions?
2. How do starfish move? How do starfish open bivalves?
Ch. 29.2: Invertebrate Chordates
I. Introduction
1. Organisms which belong to Phylum Chordata include: ___________, ______________,
____________, _____________, ___________, __________, and ________________
2. Since chordates are _____________ they are placed in the subphylum _____________
even though there are some invertebrate groups.
3. The two subphyla of invertebrate chordates are: ____________ and ______________
II. What Is a Chordate?
A. Characteristics:
1. _______________: ________________________________________________
2. _________________: ______________________________________________
3. ________________________: _______________________________________
III. Tunicates
> are small _______________ chordates
> ________________ feed on plankton
> get their name from a special body covering called a _____________
III. Lancelets
> live in sandy bottom of shallow ___________________________
> have a defined ________________
> describe lancelet feeding:
> have a __________ primitive heart with a ____________ circulatory system.
QUESTIONS:
1. What characteristics of tunicates and lancelets make them seem like close
relatives of vertebrates?
2. Which characteristics of tunicates and lancelets are unlike vertebrate
characteristics?