Lighting Upgrade Basics
Why Lighting?
Cost of Light
Lighting is a rapidly changing technology
Lighting upgrades are:
Cost of Light
• A quick and easy Cost Saving Investment
• A low risk, guaranteed investment that
provides attractive paybacks
Energy
88%
• Can improve worker morale, increase
productivity, and create a safer work
environment
• A proactive approach to increasing
energy costs
Lamp
Labor 4%
8%
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Simple Payback
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ROI vs payback
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Cost of Light / Ownership
Cost of an LED System
Think beyond Payback and ROI …
Long Life Systems = Cost of Ownership
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Basic Lighting Terms
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Basic Lighting Terms
Metrics
Candela
Illuminance
Lumens / area
on a surface
The measure of luminous intensity
in a given direction influenced by
the fixture
Lumens
The quantity of
light emitted
by a source
Luminance
The photometric
measure of brightness
of a surface as seen by
an observer
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Basic Lighting Terms
Typical Recommended Footcandle (fc) Levels
IMPORTANT NOTE: Lighting Design cannot be based merely on
footcandles These numbers are taken from IES publications that
provide substantial additional information and must be consulted.
Typical Recommended Footcandles
Hor
Vert
Hor
Offices
Vert
Hor
Industrial
General, Open offices
50
Basic Tasks (coarse)
10
General Lighting
5
Intensive Computer use
30
Basic Tasks (medium)
30
Grooming
30
Lobby, Reception
10
50
Conference Rooms
30
10
Basic Tasks (very fine)
Video Confenecing
50
30
Machining (rough)
Basic Tasks (fine)
Shopping Malls/Retail
Machining (fine)
Dining
5
100
Kitchen Counter
30
30
Serious reading
50
300+
Casual Reading
30
Main Concourse
30
Warehousing (inactive)
5
Restrooms
10
Warehousing (large labels)
10
10
Guest Rooms (general)
10
General Retail
50
Warehousing (small labels)
30
30
Bathrooms
30
Supermarkets
50
Stairways, corridors
5
Reading, Desk surface
Hotels
30
Feature Display
100
Toilets and Wash rooms
10
Corridors, stairs
5
Show Window
300
Shipping/Receiving
30
Front Desk
50
10
Lobby
Hospitals
Corridors
Reception/Lobby
10
General (most areas)
Operating Table
Inspection of supplies
Parking
30
0.5 to 2
Indoor Parking
2 to 5
100
Outdoor
Waiting Areas (general)
10
Building façade (flood)
Waiting Areas (reading)
30
Roadway
Nursing Station (general)
30
Lobby
5
Medical Records
50
Schools and Universities
Classrooms
Gymnasiums (basketball)
Gymnasiums (social)
50
100
5
Corridors
Lecture Demonstraion
30
30
100
50
Intimate Dining
5
Food Court/Casual Dining
30
Kitchen
50
3-10
0.3 to 1
Casinos and Gaming
10
10
Restaurants
Outdoor Parking
1000+
Vert
Residential
Sports
Baseball (Pro) infield
150
Baseball (Pro) outfield
100
Circulation (high activity)
30
Baseball (recreational) infield
Circulation (medium activity)
10
Baseball (recreational) outfield
Circulation (low activity)
5
Tennis (Pro)
Baccarat, Bingo, Craps, Roulette
30
Tennis (recreational)
Poker, Blackjack
50
Basketball (Pro)
Video and Slots
10
Basketball (recreational)
30
20
150
50
125
30
NOTE: This represents w hat is needed by the players.
Spectators and cameras may need more. For example, Major
League Baseball calls for 350 fc at Home Plate.
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Basic Lighting Terms
1976 u’-v’ color CIE Diagram
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3000K
3500K
4000K
5000K
6500K
Computer Simulation
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Lighting Source Evolution
and Comparison
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Light Sources Evolution
FILAMENT
Incandescent
Halogen
1st Transformation
GAS DISCHARGE
Metal Halide
Linear or
Compact
Fluorescent
Ceramic Metal Halide
High Pressure Sodium
2nd Transformation
SSL
(LEDs)
3rd Transformation
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LED Life Ratings
LEDs rated at 70%
Lumen Maintenance
100
Rated
Life
80
60
40
20
0
Rated
Life
100
Lumen Depreciation
% LAMPS STILL BURNING
Traditional Lamps rated at
B50 - 50% Mortality
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% Rated Life
80
60
40
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
Life in Thousand Hours )
B50 Life rated when 50% of a
population has failed.
L70 Life defined as lumen
depreciation to a particular point.
B50 = Avg rated life
L70 = Rated life @ 30% depreciation
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US Lighting Legislation Timeline
65% of Consumers are unaware of this legislation, yet …
• 72% of most common lamps
affected
• 90% of PARs sold (U.S. 2009) don’t
meet new requirements
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DOE Driving Standards & Adoption
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SSL Rebates & Incentives
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Indoor Upgrade Ideas
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Total Retrofit Solution
What to do?
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Case Study
NELA Park B328 Office Space
• A 4,848 sq. ft. office space remodeled their space…
•
Existing Lighting was over lit (60 avg. footcandles) & surpassed
IES standards
•
Reduced Fixtures from 96 Fluorescent to 51 Lumination LED
Fixtures
•
Improved quality of light:
• Improved Vertical Illuminance/Workstation to background
uniformity (Less Eye Strain)
• Improved Wall Uniformity (Enhancing
Perimeter/Spaciousness)
• While meeting IES RP-1 Standards (30 avg. footcandles)
• Decreased Visual Ceiling noise with ultra-thin product
• Higher perceived brightness with higher CCT sources
•
Added 0-10V Dimming Controls & Daylight Harvesting Systems
•
•
•
•
•
•
Maximized spacing to improve uniformity of lighting the
workspace
…the annual energy reduction would:
Save over $2,604*
Reduce KwH reduction by 23,681 (78% improvement)
Reduce CO2 emissions by 14 metric tons
That’s equal to planting over 4 acres of trees!
*Assumes 12 hr /5 day week operation at a cost of $0.11/kwh
Lumination Troffers
ET22
Before
3 40W twin tube Fluorescent
96 Total Fixtures
After
Lumination LED Luminaire
51 Total Fixtures
Total Highbay Solution
400W metal halide
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Highbay/Industrial Lighting – Ogden UT
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LED Conversion
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Outdoor Lighting
Top 5 Reasons to use
LED Solutions
for Outdoor Applications
#1: LED Uniformity Ratio
30’
3.5
Illuminance (fc)
3.0
2.5
LED ~ 2:1
Uniformity
2.0
1.5
1.0
HID– 5:1
Uniformity
0.5
0.0
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
Distance from fixture center (feet))
30
40
50
60
#2: LEDs reduce site energy
35 fixtures
MH 400W
LED
Site Wattage
17 kW
6 kW
LPD
0.09 W/sq ft
0.03 W/sq ft
(lighting power density)
>65% reduction in site energy saving $4,900/yr
Energy Savings
Syste m Wattage Comparison
55%
Watts
Sav ings
454
Watts
79%
Watts
Sav ings
72%
Watts
Sav ings
203 Watts
94 Watts
Metal Halide
400W (Type 3,4,5)
Evolve LED Area
Type 5
Evolve LED Area
Type 4
127 Watts
Evolve LED Area
Type 3
LED:
Wattage varies by
distribution due to
LED quantity required.
Translates to total
design energy savings
HID:
All distributions
have same
wattage
Symmetric Square
Type 5
Forward Throw
Type 4
Asymmetric
Type 3
#3: LEDs more efficiently addresses light
trespass
Baffles
HID
MH: 908 W on pole
GE LED
GE LED: 200W on pole
LED is a great solution for tight local ordinances and trespass control
#4: Vertical illuminance improves with
LEDs
5 feet
Before
HID
Barely Visible
After
Very Visible
GE LED
Vertical : For Security Lighting
• Identification of people @ 30ft
distance
• Measured 5 feet above grade
• <4:1 recommended luminance ratio
• (background-to-face)
• 0.5 FC min
Security evaluated performance via security cameras;
acceptable
Uniformity and Vertical Illumination Improves Security
460W MH
205W LED
#5: Less maintenance
Failure mode is different
•HID failure is lamp not functioning
1
100
1000
70% Output
“L70”
12,500
(2.8)
•Est. HID maintenance costs are high
25,000
(5.6)
-Relamp ~ $25-$100/fixture
-Spot ~$200-$500/ fixture
•LED maintenance is minimal $
HBLED Life
Rating ~100%
Working
20
Increased service life
LED
400W HID Pulse
Start Life Rating
50% Dead
40
functions
~75% Output
2 yrs
60
0
5
4
HID
400W HID Pulse
Start Suggested
Relamp
% INITIAL LUMENS
80
3
2
•LED failure is 70% lumen maintenance but still
10+ yrs
LED vs HID Life and Lumen
Maintenance
37,500
(8.4)
•LED systems surge protection
•5 year LED warranty minimum
50,000
(11.2 )
Hours
(Years)
LEDs extends re-lamp cycle and reduces spot replacement
10-year Cost of Ownership
Total Fixture COL
Bulb
Labor
Bulb
Labor
Bulb
Labor
Bulb
Labor
Bulb
Labor
5 Maintenance Events
• Labor
• Lamps
• Recycling
Energy
Energy
LED
Fixture
Bulb
$0
Metal
Halide
Fixture
Conventional
HID Fixture
Initial Fixture
Sale
LED Fixture
Initial Fixture
Sale
Lighting regulations and standards are
becoming more aggressive
trends
Influencing bodies
Lighting Power Density
(LPD)
Uplight
Trespass Light
Light Levels
Glare
Need lighting solutions that enable adherence and still
meet quality of light needs
AEP Beta Site – Columbus, OH
Energy Savings
HPS
Lamp Watts
System Watts
Watts Saved / Unit
% Energy Savings
Savings / Unit/ Yr.*
Assumes:
HPS
250
310
LED
205
205
105
34%
$37
$.08/kWH
4400 hr.s operation
18 Units Installed
LED
Performance:
AVG FC:
MAX/MIN:
AVG/MIN:
HPS
2.3 FC
4.89
2.45
LED
1.2 FC
2.44
1.62
Street Lighting - Lake Nona FL
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Energy & Maintenance Savings
regardless of project size
40,000 street lights
$2.7MM/yr Energy
& Maintenance
600 street lights
$20,000/yr Energy
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