Bones: An Overview
1. List at least three functions of the skeletal system.
2. Name the four main kinds of bones.
3. Identify major anatomical areas of a long bone.
4. Describe briefly the process of bone formation in the fetus and summarize the
events of bone remodeling throughout life.
5. List and describe the types of bone cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts.
6. Name and describe the types of fractures (greenstick, spiral, impacted, depressed,
compression, comminuted, closed/simple, open/compound).
7. Describe how the skull of a newborn infant (or fetus) differs from that of an adult,
and explain the function of fontanels.
8. Explain how the abnormal spinal curvatures (scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis) differ
from one another.
9. Describe important differences between a male and female pelvis
10. Name the three major categories of joints and compare the amount of movement
allowed by each.
11. Identify some of the causes of bone and joint problems throughout life.
Be able to identify the following bones or structures:
The Skull
The Thorax
1. Coronal suture
1. 1st cervical vertebra (atlas)
2. Parietal bone
2. Cervical vertebrae (7)
3. Temporal bone
3. 1st thoracic vertebra
4. Occipital bone
4. Thoracic vertebrae (12)
5. Optic canal
5. 1st lumbar vertebra
6. Frontal bone
6. Lumbar vertebrae (5)
7. Nasal Bone
7. Sacrum
8. Zygomatic bone
8. Coccyx
9. Maxilla
9. Structure of a typical vertebrae
10. Mandible
 Transverse process
11. Vomer
 Spinous process
12. Foramen magnum
 Vertebral foramen
13. The hyoid bone
 Body
14. External auditory meatus
10. Sternum
15. Anterior fontanel (fetal)
11. True ribs (7)
16. Posterior fontanel (fetal)
12. False ribs (5; 2 are floating)
The Shoulder Girdle
The Pelvic Girdle
1. Clavicle
1. Pelvis
2. Scapula
2. Coxal bone
3. Humerus
3. Ilium
4. Radius
4. Iliac crest
5. Ulna
5. Pubic bone
6. Phalanges
6. Pubic arch
7. Metacarpals
7. Pubic symphysis
8. Carpals
8. Ischium
9. Femur
10. Patella
11. Fibula
12. Tibia
13. Phalanges (foot)
14. Metatarsals
15. Tarsals
16. Talus
17. Calcaneus