Psychology101StudyGuide,Exam#1
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Chapter1:TheScienceofMind
Psychology
1. Whatispsychology?
2. Scientificstudy
WaysofClassifyingPsychologists
1. Training
A. ClinicalPsychology
B. CognitivePsychology
C. DevelopmentalPsychology
D. EvolutionaryPsychology
E. SocialPsychology
F. BiologicalPsychology
2. Researchinterests(species,time,typeofbehavior).
3. FieldofStudy
PsychologySubfields
CommonSense/Intuitionvs.PsychologicalScience
1. NaïveRealism
2. IntuitionsonFreeWill
HistoryofPsychology
1. Structuralism
2. Functionalism
3. GestaltPsychology
4. Neurobiological
A. Brain‐behavior
B. GeneticInfluences
5. Behavioral
6. Cognitive
7. Psychoanalytic
8. Phenomenological
9. Bio‐psycho‐socialperspective
10. Introspection
ResearchMethods
1. ScientificSkepticism
A. CriticalThinking
2. ExperimentalMethod
A. Experiment/ControlGroups
B. IndependentVariable
C. DependentVariable D. Hypothesis
E. Theory
F. Confounding
G. RandomAssignment
H. Blinding
3.DescriptiveStatistics
A. Mean,MedianandMode
B. Correlation
C. Variability
D. Validity
E. Reliability
F. NormalDistribution
VII.ResearchMethods
1. Experimental
2. Observational
3. Survey
4. Test
5. CaseHistories
A.Retrospective
B.Longitudinal/prospective
6. BehavioralGeneticApproaches
A.Familystudies
B.Twinstudies
C.AdoptionStudies
VIII. MeasurementinPsychology
1. ExperimentalDesign
A. IV,DV
B. Experimentalgroupvscontrolgroup
C. Controloverextraneousconfounds
D. Placeboeffect
2. InferentialStatistics
A.Mean
B.Median
C.Mode
D.Variance/StandardDeviation(TheNormalDistribution,Skew)
E.Statisticallysignificantdifferences
3. StatisticalSignificance
4. MeasurementinPsychology
A.Correlation
B.Coefficientofcorrelation(r)
1)Positive
2)Negative
3)None
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IX.
KeyTermsfromthetextbook:
behaviorism,
biologicalpsychology,
casestudy,
clinicalpsychology,
cognitivepsychology,
controlgroup,
correlation,
criticalthinking,
culture,
dependentvariable,
developmentalpsychology,
evolutionarypsychology,
experiment,
experimentalgroup,
functionalism,
Gestaltpsychology,
humanisticpsychology,
hypothesis,
independentvariable,
individualdifferences,
introspection,
mean,
median,
mind,
mode,
naturalisticobservation,
normaldistribution,
personality,
psychology,
randomassignment,
reliability,
science,
socialpsychology,
structuralism,
survey,
theory,
validity,
variability,
Chapter2:TheBiologicalMind
BiologicalBasesofPsychology
1. TheNervousSystem
A. ThePeripheralNervousSystem
B. TheCentralNervousSystem
2. Anatomyofaneuron
A. Cellbody(soma)
X.
XI.
B. Dendrites
C. Axon
D. Terminalbuttons
E. Myelinsheath
3. Threetypes
A. Sensory
B. Motor
C. Interneuron
4. Nerve
5. Axonalconduction
A. Restingpotential
B. Depolarizationandthreshold
C. Actionpotential
D. Propagation
E. Refractoryperiod
6. ActionPotentialProperties
A. All‐or‐noneResponse
7. Twotypesofsignaltransmission
A. Axonal
B. Synaptic
8. Synaptictransmission
A. Synapticgaporcleftatthesynapticjunction
B. Synapticvesicles
C. Postsynapticreceptorcells
9. LockandKeyMechanism
10. Synaptictransmission
A. TypesofPostsynapticPotentials(PSP's)
i. Excitatory(EPSP)
ii. Inhibitory(IPSP)
B. Afterrelease
i. Re‐uptake
ii. Degradation
Organizationofthenervoussystem
1. Centralnervoussystem
A. Brain
B. Spinalcord
2. Peripheralnervoussystem
A. Somaticsystem
B. Autonomicsystem
i. SympatheticNS(flightorfight)
ii. ParasympatheticNS(restanddigest)
Thecommonhouseholdbrain
1. Overviewofbrain
A. Theprimitivecentralcore
B. Limbicsystem
C. Cerebrum(AKAcerebralhemispheres)
 Ontogeny
 PhylogenyBioBases
2. Specifically,
1.Primitivecentralcore
a.Cerebellum
b.Thalamus:"Gatewaytothecortex"
c.Hypothalamus:4F's
2.Reticularsystem
3.Limbicsystem
a.Hippocampus
b.Amygdala
4.Thecerebralhemispheres
a.Greymattervswhitematter
b.Fourlobes:(frontal,parietal,occipital,temporal)
c.Motorarea(Homunculusandcontralateralcontrolofbody)
d.Somatosensoryarea
 heat,cold,touch,pain
 contralateral
 topographicorganization—Homunculus
e.Visualarea
 Primaryvs.Secondary
 Contralateralvisualfield
f.Auditoryarea
 bilateralrepresentation
 contralateralstronger
g. Associationareas
h. PhylogenyofAssociationCortex
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KeyTermsfromtheTextbook:
actionpotential,
amygdala,
autonomicnervoussystem,
axon,
basalganglia,
biologicalpsychology,
brainstem,
cellbody,
centralnervoussystem(CNS),
cerebellum,
cerebralcortex,
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cingulatecortex,
corpuscallosum,
dendrite,
endocrinesystem(ES),
frontallobe,
hippocampus,
hypothalamus,
medulla,
midbrain,
myelin,
neuron,
neurotransmitter,
nucleusaccumbens,
occipitallobe,
orbitofrontalcortex,
parasympatheticnervoussystem,
parietallobe,
peripheralnervoussystem(PNS),
pons,
prefrontalcortex,
receptor,
restingpotential,
reticularformation,
reuptake,
somaticnervoussystem,
spinalcord,
sympatheticnervoussystem,
synapse,
temporallobe,
thalamus,