Quarter 1, 2015 ISSUE 23 All images licensed from PA photos unless stated. TUNIS: BACK OPEN FOR BUSINESS? Image: Kayla Branson P. Consular (not concierge) services 4 P. 5 Health tips for long haul flights w w w.world-aware.com P. 7 In-flight wifi: failure to take off P. 8 Check the latest changes to visa requirements and travel advisories. Produced by Tunis: A risk profile Image: Kayla Branson A newly elected president and parliament looks set to ensure greater political stability in Tunisia for the coming years. A business-friendly government combined with improved stability now means new opportunities and increased business travel to the land of jasmine. Tunis, the political, economic and business hub of the country is the gateway for most commercial trips. Tunisia faces security challenges including On 5 March 2015, the US Chamber of Commerce its markets will become a yet more attractive terrorism in the post-uprising period, driven in Tunisia hosted an international summit in environment for business with the right reforms. to a large extent by insecurity in neighbouring Tunis for 300 guests from the business, public Libya. The Tunisian authorities have overall, sector and civil society. It was designed to proven effective and proactive at combatting shore up partnerships for investment and terrorism. However, so long as the civil war in development in North Africa. In a sign of the Libya persists, the threat of terrorist violence US’s optimism for Tunisia, it committed over $1 in Tunisia, especially against state officials and billion in investments to the country over the security forces will remain high. next three years. and inexpensive, although it is worth confirming In an opening speech, President Essebsi the vehicle. It is required by law that taxis are Welcome! Bonjour! Ahlan wa Sahlan! reiterated his government’s commitment After five cabinets since the 2011 uprising, to economic reform to renew FDI. The US Tunisia finally has a government with a full commitment and the general optimism around mandate to lead the country and make policy. Tunisia stands in sharp contrast to the instability President Beji Caid Essebsi and many members and security threats in neighbouring North from his ruling party, Nidaa Tounes, hail from the African countries. Tunisia has progressed further pro-Western and pro-business secular elite of and faster than other ‘Arab Spring’ countries, and the Tunisian coast. w w w.world-aware.com Getting around Most Western nationals can get a visa on arrival. Upon landing at Carthage International, you can easily find a taxi. Drivers are generally reliable that the meter is working and on when entering metered, and a quick check will save you having to negotiate a price at the end of your journey. Once in the city centre, Tunis is easy and safe to navigate. For longer distances around the suburbs of the capital, the most accessible means of transit are taxi and the light rail (metro leger). It may appear counterintuitive, but in Tunisia, 02 taxis indicating red – from a light box on the dashboard – means they are available, whereas green means they are occupied. When in a hurry, renting a car may prove a more viable option especially during rush hour, when it is almost impossible to hail a taxi. When travelling along the main highways between Tunis and upmarket suburbs popular with expatriates, such as Sidi Bou Said and La Marsa, police often arbitrarily pull over vehicles to request identification. As a result, it is best practice to bring some form of formal identification with you. When travelling towards the interior or along the coast, locals hire louages, a shared passenger bus, that will stop at several locations. Tunisia’s national railway (SNCFT) serves the interior and coastline, including Sousse and Monastir, two cities that are popular with tourists. Alternatively, retired gendarmes or police Business Etiquette Still, the security forces have proven proactive When heading to your meeting, while and effective in combating the threat of punctuality is expected, tardiness by 15-30 minutes is not uncommon. The predominant language among the business and political elite is French, although English is increasingly terrorism in the capital. They have conducted several raids in outlying suburbs of Tunis such as Oued Ellil against suspected terrorists. spoken. Tunisian police and gendarmerie maintain Business and day-to-day attire varies, but in Particularly outside state buildings, the French general women dress modestly in Tunisia, including clothing that covers legs and arms. The secular legacy of the founder of modern Tunisia, Bourguiba inspires a certain preference for Western, especially French-style, suits and a visible presence in and around the capital. Embassy, Ministry of Interior, the Grand Synagogue, at busy intersections, and around the upmarket neighbourhoods of Sidi Bou Said and La Marsa. During national holidays and planned protests, the presence is heightened clothing, particularly in business settings. throughout the downtown capital. Indeed, researchers argue that during the The more likely main day-to-day security risk in mandate of the former president Marzouki (2012-2014), he was not taken seriously because of his preference for wearing traditional Tunisian robe-like garb (barnous and jebba) during official meetings and other state business. Tunis is petty crime rather than terrorism. This is particularly around crowded spaces, such as the main souk at the end of Bourguiba Avenue. In 2014, there were also reports of attempted break-ins into private homes and hotel villas along Mohamed V Avenue. officers sometimes work as drivers and can be Security Issues hired for travel within the more rugged interior. There is a high threat of terrorism in Tunis. women exists, it is comparatively less frequent in It is useful to have such drivers who are familiar Although the main threat has so far been to Tunis than in other North African cities such as with the security situations in these areas. state officials and security forces, there is also Cairo, Egypt, or Marrakesh, Morocco. According a threat to foreigners. On 17 March, terrorists to residents in Tunis, even though security attacked Bardo Museum near parliament, forces are slow to respond to the emergencies leaving 23 people including foreign tourists. This of Tunisians, they are generally more responsive was the first terrorist attack against tourists in when foreigners are caught up in an incident, Tunis in decades. The army has since increased such as crime. Accomodation There are several accommodation options for business travellers, including international hotels or renting a villa or apartment for longer stays.Two of the most high profile hotels are located around Bourguiba Avenue, named after the founder of the modern country in 1956. It is the main thoroughfare of Tunis and an important transit route to other areas of the capital. Hotel Africa, located near the interior ministry on Avenue Habib Bourguiba, is a particular hub for foreign visitors, including business travellers and diplomats. Diplomatic events, international economic aid and business development summits often take place here. It is a prime space to network. Another option popular with foreign guests is the Hotel Majestic, just off Bourguiba Avenue on Avenue de Paris. Although as in many cities, street harassment of security deployments across the capital. An IS-linked Twitter account claimed responsibility for the attack, although it is very difficult at this stage to verify whether or not the group was in fact responsible. In any case, according to Tunisian authorities the attackers had trained in Libya prior to the incident. This is the latest of growing indications that Tunisian militants have gone to Libya for resources and training from jihadists in order to mount attacks See you soon! Ililiqa! A Bientot At the end of your trip, you may leave Tunis with the promise of profitable enterprise, but note that the export and import of Tunisian dinars is illegal. This means you will have to exchange currencies before leaving. The Tunisian authorities have also recently implemented a 30 dinar (16-17 USD) exit tax. back home. The tax has triggered unrest in the southeastern Before this attack, recent incidents and plots business traveller in the capital. Purchase of the have mainly been directed towards security forces and government buildings rather interior, but the process is fuss-free for a exit tax stamp is available at hotels, banks, and travel agencies. than foreigners. In the last six months, the government has dismantled at least four terrorist cells plotting attacks in the capital. w w w.world-aware.com 0 034 Consular (not concierge) services In February, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) launched a campaign to increase awareness of what consular missions can and cannot do for citizens abroad. The campaign was prompted by official data which suggested that in 2014, 38% of the enquiries received by British consulates were ‘not related to consular support at all’. This raises the question of what assistance business travellers can – and cannot – expect to receive from their embassies. A recent Australian review of consular services Since consular access and services are most for some of the more routine services they provide, similarly noted that ‘the department...attracts frequently limited in higher risk or more dangerous such as legalising documents. public criticism...when it is considered to have countries, it is advisable to check in advance failed to meet unrealistic expectations regarding whether consular support is available through In its campaign to raise awareness of consular the assistance that can be provided to citizens’. your country. Travellers should seek the consular services, the UK FCO emphasises that its staff The UK FCO provided some extreme examples support of their own countries first, but if their own cannot help ensure that citizens get preferential of unrealistic expectations, including ‘a man country does not have diplomatic representation, treatment in prison or hospital, although they ‘may requesting that staff at the Embassy in Mexico City they can go to the embassies of other countries. For raise concerns with local authorities if treatment go to the airport to check whether he had left his example, even in the event where a government falls below internationally recognised standards’. mobile phone on a plane’. does not have a specific nominated alternative And as the US State Department noted, its staff embassy or consulate, EU nationals can call on any cannot ‘get US citizens out of jail overseas’. Basic consular services mainly involve helping with other EU Embassy. fairly routine issues such as providing replacement Overall, the most important advice given by both travel and other documents to nationals. This Despite the generally similar assistance provided these and the consular services of other major is in addition to giving support to people in by Western consulates, there are some slight Western countries is that travellers should register emergencies, which includes recommending third differences. For example, in emergencies, the US with their embassies in advance of travelling, a parties who can provide assistance, such as doctors State Department can make available emergency simple step that will facilitate both routine and or translators. These services are standard to most funds to a traveller, but only if all other options emergency consular assistance. However, as the major Western embassies. However, depending such as their relatives transferring money to them FCO consular services campaign noted, this would on the security environment and restrictions on have been exhausted. The UK FCO however says not help a caller to an unnamed embassy who embassy staff, they may not be able to provide all that it cannot ‘pay any bills or give you money from reportedly asked for ‘advice on how to treat a cat’s of these services all of the time. public funds’. Some embassies may also charge fees infected paw’. w w w.world-aware.com 04 Travel Hack: long-haul flights The longest non-stop commercial flight took off on 29 September 2014. A Quantas ‘Flight 8’ left from Dallas, and nearly 17 hours later landed in Sydney. Although definitions vary, airlines generally class long-haul as any flight that is more than six hours. That translates to flights to 134 of the world’s capitals from London. Such flights have become increasingly common. But, the long flying time and potential wait between transfers can be physically demanding. There are several health risks associated with long-distance flights. These include dehydration, motion sickness, joint pains and on more rare cases, deep vein thrombosis (DVT). To help lower the potential health risks, below are included a few tips that should help even the most regular business flyers. High pressure environments Airplanes are high pressure environments. This is due to the fact that air pressure inside the cabin must be higher than outside the plane, as the outside pressure would be so low as to make breathing impossible. For planes travelling above 29,000 feet, such as a Boeing 747-400, the cabin must be pressurised to around 8,000 feet. w w w.world-aware.com Such a pressurised environment can have adverse effects on the body, particularly over long periods of time. Studies on weather and its effects on the body show that high atmospheric pressure can increase the risk of, or worsen existing, joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. These conditions are made worse if you have a heavy cold, or sinus or ear problems. 0151 Often the pressure can simply lead to blocked of movement on long-distance trips can slow to limit the condition. Anti-DVT exercises, in ears, an uncomfortable feeling that few have the blood-flow, making it more likely that veins particular, have proven effective in studies. The escaped from. Reputable medical websites that clot. Men in general are more prone to DVT than most common, especially in small spaces, involves offer cures for such ills suggest that sucking on women, although age, pregnancy and even just raising heels while keeping toes on the floor and sweets, or pinching your nostrils and gently dehydration can bring about the condition. then bringing them down. This step should be blowing through your nose are potential remedies. done at least ten times for it to be effective. Blood clots can cause the affected area to painfully swell up. Although medical professionals Over the past two decades, the creation of Long-distance flights can often also result in say that this is not in itself an entirely serious compression stockings and flight socks have motion sickness, particularly for those that are condition, DVT can occasionally travel to the also helped reduce the risk of DVT. But, if these already susceptible to it. The Aerospace Medical lungs, causing shortness of breath and chest are not available, even just wearing loose and Association in Virginia, US, advises passengers to pains – also known as pulmonary embolism. This comfortable clothing, keeping hydrated and request a seat over the wing, or a window seat so can be life threatening but is very rare. According taking regular walks along the plane aisles will you can look at the horizon – a technique also to a study mentioned on Atlanta’s Centers for ensure a more comfortable flight. used to reduce the effects of sea sickness. Disease Control and Prevention website, the rate of pulmonary embolism and DVT occurring on The risk from DVT One of the most serious of conditions that travellers suffer from during long-haul flights is deep vein thrombosis. DVT is a blood clot, most often occurring in deep leg veins. Lack keep hydrated wear flight socks w w w.world-aware.com travel more than eight hours was just 0.5%. While pulmonary embolism may be rare, DVT can occur with more regularity. Medical professionals and studies suggest that there are several ways sit over wing / looking at horizon raise and lower heels while keeping toes on the floor walk around 0 069 In-Flight Wi-Fi: Failure to take off Airlines with Wi-Fi and outlets for business class travellers by country SAS Icelandair Air Canada Aeroflot Lufthansa Condor Korean Air Asiana British Airways Aer Lingus Alaska Airlines American Airlines Delta JetBlue United Virgin Japan Airlines Turkish Air China Airlines Air China Gulf Air Iberia THAI Saudia Garuda Indonesia Qatar Airways TAM Emirates Etihad Oman Air Singapore Airlines Wi-Fi, once a rarity at 35,000 ft, is slated to become as ubiquitous on airplanes as in-flight entertainment. The service provides new opportunities for business travellers, allowing them to increase productivity and remain connected on both long and short haul journeys. Although in-flight Wi-Fi is becoming more prevalent, slow speeds and high costs mean that the service is not yet reliable. According to SeatGuru, a website that compiles Currently, only a handful of airlines offer Wi-Fi free Though the service would still require passengers data on flight seating and amenities, 34 airlines of charge. to share bandwidth with other travellers, it will across the globe currently provide both Wi-Fi and vastly improve connectivity. in-seat laptop power for business class travellers Although costs can be high, connections are (see map for a list of these airlines by country). often slow. Most users will probably spend their As civil aviation regulations relax restrictions on The flight comparison website Route Happy flight waiting to upload an email attachment. usage, Wi-Fi availability and speed is likely to reported in January that passengers have ‘at least Internet speed is so slow on most flights that one improve. The US Federal Aviation Administration some chance’ of connecting to the web on 24% of New York Times reporter lamented he could not altered its requirements for use of portable all flights worldwide. even load a speed test. Route Happy found that electronic devices at the end of 2013. Last only 1% of commercial flights that offer Wi-Fi have September, the European Aviation Safety Agency internet systems that can stream video. announced similar modifications to its guidelines, Yet while the chance to respond to emails has increased in the past fews years, the service is increasing opportunities to connect while in the expensive and unreliable. Virgin America, which Business travellers on such flights can hardly send provides Wi-Fi on nearly all of its flights, charges an email, let alone download an expense report. between $5 to $35 to connect. Gulf Air asks for Approximately one third of Wi-Fi equipped planes It will probably take several years for leading $15 per hour, while Wi-Fi on TAP Portugal costs use platforms capable of loading ‘graphical sites’, airlines to provide travellers with fast Wi-Fi nearly a dollar per MB. including social media. Another 31% run more on their entire fleets. But the race for better basic systems, where bandwidth is shared among connectivity is on. One research estimate all passengers. suggests that the number of commercial flights These prices can have hidden costs. In November, a customer travelling from London to Singapore air. with internet will increase three-fold in the next reported on the website Trend Hunter that he There are some airlines working to fix these bugs. decade, and Asian airlines are expected to lead paid $1,171.46 for internet usage, after, he claims, A growing number are moving to equip their this trend. In the meantime, sit back, relax, and he surpassed the data limit while napping. fleets with satellite, rather than ground-based enjoy surfing the web at 35,000 ft – or at least services. This could increase internet speed trying to. w w w.world-aware.com between seven and 22 times their current levels. 07 Notable updates to travel advice and visa requirements Ethiopia Georgia As of the start of February, business visas will no longer be available on arrival in Ethiopia. The country’s immigration affairs ministry advises business travellers to apply in advance for business visas. China In late February, Georgia launched an online portal for travellers applying for visas to the country. In recent months it has also made changes for visa requirements for citizens of GCC countries and Brazil, to make it easier for them to travel to the country. Schengen The Chinese authorities announced on 1 February that 72-hour transit visa exemptions will be available for foreigners travelling to Wuhan, the capital of central China’s Hubei province. The exemption will take effect in March. Other cities that already have an exemption include: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Dalian, Shenyang and Xi’an. European officials have said that UAE citizens can expect to travel to the Schengen zone without a visa, ‘in spring this year’. This decision follows a European parliamentary vote last year to issue a Schengen visa waiver for the UAE. Al-Sisi supporters in Cairo Ukraine As of 1 March Russian citizens are now required to carry a passport to enter Ukraine from 1 March. National ID passports and birth certificates are no longer sufficient to enter Ukrainian territory. w w w.world-aware.com Anti-government protesters in Algiers 08 Risk Watch High threat of terrorism to foreign business interests in Egypt The threat of terrorism in Egypt remains high to state officials, security forces and foreign business interests in major cities. In the run up to a major economic summit in March, so-called ‘revolutionary groups’ mounted a campaign of gun and bomb attacks against high profile retail and consumer brands in Cairo and other cities. Terrorist groups such as the Popular Resistance of Giza and Revolutionary Punishment claimed the attacks were in response to foreign business support of the government of President Al-Sisi. They repeatedly expressed criticism of and threatened to disrupt the economic conference in Sharm El Sheikh designed to shore up foreign investment. The event passed peacefully in South Sinai, likely due to the enhanced security measures in place around the resort town. However, security forces appear less capable of combating the threat of terrorism in urban spaces on the mainland. Revolutionary activist groups will probably continue to seek to carry out such low-level attacks against the storefronts of foreign businesses in Cairo and other cities for coming months. Image: Kayla Branson Emerging terrorist threat in Ukrainian eastern cities The threat of urban terrorism appears to be increasing in Ukraine, particularly in the eastern cities Kharkiv, Odessa, Kherson, and Zaporizhia. On 22 February, a bombing killed two people and injured ten others in Kharkiv during a march celebrating the anniversary of the overthrow of pro-Russian former President Viktor Yanukovych. Both Kharkiv and Odessa experienced bombings in January, but the last attack was the most deadly. It is the first in Kharkiv to cause civilian fatalities. There has been an increasing frequency of bombings, attempted bombings and sabotage attacks in non-occupied eastern Ukraine since November 2014. Out of 11 publicly reported incidents, six were in civilian areas, including a bank, a local retail shop and a marketplace, while five occurred near military bases or railway infrastructure. 0 9 at one of the two supermarkets hit by explosions in the People look city of Kharkiv in eastern Ukraine, Saturday, April 22, 2006. 09 Risk Watch Violent protests to continue in Bangladesh Violence at anti-government strikes and protests demanding new elections is increasing. On 2 February, at least seven people burnt to death in eastern Bangladesh after opposition supporters threw a petrol bomb on a bus in Chauddagram. There have also been attacks in downtown Dhaka mainly against public transport. The unrest looks unlikely to end anytime soon. Strike activity and violent incidents are now approaching 2013 levels, when the opposition held more than 40 days of strikes. This follows a pattern of unrest similar to the past three years, where the first four months have tended to be the most violent. Violent strike action will probably continue and intensify. Already there have been signs this year that opposition supporters are willing to broaden their geography of violence. On several occasions demonstrators have set off crude explosives and set vehicles alight in affluent and expat areas of Gulshan and Banani in Dhaka. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Opposition activists torched a moto-taxi as opposition leader Khaleda Zia called for protests of the first anniversary of an election her party boycotted. Protesters break through a police blockade in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Feb. 9, 2015. 10 WorldAware Risk Calendar Elections and other periods of increased political activity can disrupt business travel and can lead to local security risks. Before departure, check for foreseeable events that might interfere with your plans. WorldAware has prepared a list of known forthcoming events that could affect business travellers around the world during the next three months of 2014. 2012 m t e 7 Jun w Around 17 April Thailand, Laos, Ca mbodia, Myanmar s s 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 8 Mexico ns Parliamentary Electio 3 Likely impact 4 t f New year Likely impact Businesses and m any foreign emba ssies will close for holidays in Thailan the new year d, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar in m The new year cele id-April. brations feature w ater festivals durin participants may g w hich drench passers-by. Domestic travel al around the festiva so increases l period, accompa nied by an increase accidents. in road 5 7 ted and a clear ably be highly contes ob pr ll wi s on cti ele The ll probably ely. Activist groups wi lik un is rty pa e on y majority for an corruption in major ainst insecurity and ag ts es ot pr eir th e continu cities. 29 10 11 12 13 14 15 29 Mar ch No7 June Turkey Uzbeki st a n Preside ntial ele 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ections Parliamentary el Likely impact win the g AKP party will lin ru e th at th y in It is likel lts are probable against the resu ts es ot Pr n. ly ar tio ul elec rtic there will be a pa d An . ra ka An d Istanbul an these cities, as ts and unrest in es ot pr of k ris high of the stricts in the east di ity or aj m ish y well as Kurd rty fails to win an Kurdish HDP pa opr e th if y, tr coun seats. Likely i ctions mp act Preside nt Karim ov is alm and ele ost cer ctions tain to s h o uld go over th be re-e smooth e presid lected ly. How ent’s illpostpo e v h e ealth c r, rumo nemen ould le urs t of the ad to th electio e ns. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 11 Aon WorldAware Solutions Your comprehensive travel safety solution Business travellers move around the globe with ease, yet as the world shrinks the risks travellers face are multiplying. Emerging markets present medical and safety challenges; increasing social and economic division feeds violent crime; kidnap for ransom is on the rise and terrorism poses a growing threat to international travellers. Duty of care Organisations have a duty of care to safeguard their travelling employees. This includes monitoring threat levels in country, preparing personnel prior to travel and having procedures in place to react to travel related incidents, from the routine to the extraordinary. Peace of mind Country risk information Aon’s easy to implement WorldAware Solutions provides travel risk analysis, training and awareness, risk managed travel and incident response to protect your travellers, meet duty of care obligations and safeguard your brand and reputation. Through the online website, or via mobile apps* whilst on the move, business travellers have access to vital country risk information about the countries and regions they plan to visit. This up to date, valuable insight allows them to plan more effectively and stay safe when abroad. Aon’s comprehensive safe travel solution combines leading technology, consulting and travel risk management - to protect your travellers anywhere in the world. One simple system Aon WorldAware Solutions incorporates all your travel risk exposure into one management system, wrapping around existing policies and relationships. The Safe Travel Portal enables you to track and manage your employees’ business travel, define and deliver safe travel procedures and training and report on personnel travel globally. Education and awareness arm personnel with the right skills to reduce their vulnerability when travelling. Countries are rated from 1 (low risk) to 5 (high risk) according to daily assessments of a large number of risk factors which include: • • • • • Street crime Terrorism Civil unrest Espionage Armed conflict • • • • Serious crime Kidnapping State impunity Corruptibility * for Apple iPhone, iPad, iPod touch, Android and Blackberry 24/7 response, 365 days a year Not all crisis events can be prevented. Being prepared, with a clearly defined and communicated plan of response, ensures your travellers can work toward a swift and safe resolution should an incident occur. Aon WorldAware Solutions includes extensive response plans to ensure you have tried and tested response actions in place prior to a crisis incident happening. Should the worst happen, you can feel confident that you have provided your business travellers with access to an experienced operations team, available 24 hours a day, to assist with incidents in country. The WorldAware operations Centre is accessible through one global telephone number, unique to your company. All communication is monitored and recorded, providing you with a robust audit trail. For more information about how Aon can help you protect your staff, please visit aon.com/worldaware About Aon About Risk Advisory Aon’s Crisis Management practice partners with organisations that have people, assets and investments exposed to the risks of terrorism, political risk, kidnap for ransom, extortion, product recall and associated risks. Risk Advisory provides political and security risk consultancy and services to multinational companies and other large organisations. Our unique, consultative approach enables our clients to implement the most appropriate measures to meet their duty of care obligations and better protect their balance sheet, people, brand and reputation. Aon Limited is authorised by the Financial Services Authority in respect of insurance mediation activities only. FP: 5798 www.aon.com worldawareadmin@aon.com We have particular expertise in the assessment and management of security risks and in assisting clients to develop suitable security strategies. Our team combines intelligence analysts and security specialists, working in close cooperation to ensure that the advice given to clients is appropriate to the threat and their business needs. www.riskadvisory.net security-intelligence@riskadvisory.net