Muskets & Arrows Volume X, No. 2 Save the Date Summer 2015 Members and Candidates Socialize and Re-connect at Annual Membership Event February 18, 2015 Thursday, August 13th-16th Michigan Warriors- Summer Court Mackinaw Island The Grand Hotel Wednesday, October 7th Council Meeting- 11:30am Program/Lunch- Noon-1pm The Casino Thursday, December 3rd Winter Court- Stag event with British Consul General The Hon. Stephen Bridges 6pm - cocktails 7 pm- Council Meeting 7:30- Dinner & Program followed by Annual Backgammon Tournament White/Black Tie The Casino Sunday, January 10th 2016 Colonial Dames Program & Brunch “The Third Coast”- 10:30am Indian Hill Club Thursday,February 18th 2016 Annual All MemberMembership Event 5pm Quarterly Council Meeting 6pm Cocktails & Hors d’oeuvres 7pm Dinner The Casino Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Illinois P.O. Box 350 Kenilworth, IL 60043 847-251-1400 www.colonialwarsil.org www.gscw.org The Illinois Society holds an event every year to promote and expand its membership. Possible candidates for membership are invited for an evening of cocktails. This year’s membership event was held on February 18, 2015 at The Casino Club in Chicago. About 50 gentlemen attended, including 10 provisional members and 10 potential candidates for membership. New members mixed with long-standing members, some of whom had not attended a Warriors meeting for years and loved the event. .After several rounds of drinks and hearty hors d’oeuvres, Illinois Society Governor Robert Burell spoke briefly about the history of the Illinois Society since its first meeting in Chicago on December 7, 1894. Two new members—Trigg Waller and Ralph O’Hara—were called up to receive their rosettes and membership certificates. Next, the Illinois Society Membership & Social Chairman Brian D. White and the Illinois Society Registrar Rudolf E. Knepper spoke briefly about the the membership and application process. They provided some details on how to prepare the preliminary and formal applications and reminded those going through the process that they are available to help every step of the way. article continued on next page Members and Candidates Connect and Re-connect at Annual Membership Event continued A splendid evening was had by all. It was a great opportunity to meet our new crop of guys going through the membership process. The candidates shared information about the process of getting their papers done. Some hire a genealogist (see elsewhere in this issue), engage their spouses to help research, or just buckle down themselves to do any necessary research, fill out their paperwork, and submit it. Following the lively reception, many attendees gathered for an elegant dinner in The Fountain Room at the club. The Illinois Society strongly encourages all members, old and new, to identify and sponsor their male relatives (sons, nephews—even fathers), and qualified friends for membership. These low-hanging-fruit opportunities to add to our ranks are a great opportunity to increase our numbers. Our membership is growing but we need your help to continue our trajectory into the future! Summer 2015 Page 2 The Governor’s Report Warriors! What a robust 2015 we have had so far. I along with the members of the Council, thank each of you for your ideas participation, and all the great energy you give the Society and its missions. Although the camaraderie of our events is fantastic with many friendships formed, our true mission is to “…inspire in its members’ the fraternal and patriotic spirit of their forefathers, and to inspire in the community respect and Governor Burell reverence for those whose public services made freedom and unity possible.”Through our programming and publications, we have done much to succeed in meeting the goals and mission of the Society. Moreover, we have received recognition from the General Society for our work. And we continue to build on our successes of the past. My goal is to continue to improve the Society structurally and plan events of interest to the membership while fully supporting our mission. With your devoted participation, we will continue to accelerate. Some of our accomplishments – and a few of my notes-- include: • I am proud to announce that the Illinois Society of Colonial Wars has been invited to host the 43rd General Assembly in 2022. This is a great honor for our Society to be selected. Such as invitation is reflective of all the great work we have done to support the Society’s missions that has accelerated our prominence as a State Society. I along with Deputy Governor General David Linville, will head the host Committee. We will need many volunteers to assist in this effort. Congratulations to each of you as we would not be selected if it were not for the spirit and efforts of each of you. • This year we have made contributions to the University of Illinois Department of History, Newberry Library, Winnetka Public Library, “Save Illinois History”(Fort de Chartres) Foundation, and the South Suburban Genealogy and Historical Society. The General Society is matching our grants at about 60% of our contributions. Secretary Philip May has volunteered to investigate other projects we can develop and fund such as scholarships and colonial history grants for research specific to the Colonial Wars. Please contact Philip May with any ideas or thoughts you may have. We need your participation to make our grant programs targeted, useful and purposeful to our mission as an organization. • Our new relationship with the University of Illinois and Professor Morrissey is off to an excellent start. In exchange for our grant money, we ask that the organization make a minimum of one presentation per year to the Society and write one article on colonial war history for Muskets and Arrows. The SCWIL will own the article and be able to have it published in other historical and genealogical magazines. Professor Morrissey along with Secretary Philip May have been able to build new channels to the Newberry Library for future programming specific to colonial history • We will be kicking off our fundraising initiative for the George Burditt Memorial Education Fund in the fall. Monies raised will be separate from our general operating funds and be used to directly fund SCWIL programs that will be targeted and specific.This is in contrast to our past practice of giving money to institutions where we have little control on how our money is being used. In addition to myself, I have asked Secretary Philip May, Treasurer Albert VanAlyea and Council Member Allen Carter to head up this fund raising effort. • We have had twelve boxes of old applications, records, documents and miscellaneous paraphernalia accumulated over the years. Deputy Governor John Strothman, Secretary Philip May, and Registrar Jim Barr have sorted the materials in the boxes, scanned the appropriate records and donated the applications of deceased members to the South Suburban Genealogy and Historical Society in Homewood, IL.The applications of living members will be retained. Members will have the opportunity to reclaim their original applications if desired for a small fee as they have already been scanned and will always be available through the General Society. • We have identified our Winter Court Speaker and it is my pleasure to announce we will be honored by British Consul General Stephen Bridges. I thank Warrior Brian White for his recruiting Consul General Bridges to speak at Winter Court. Winter Court will be held December 3rd at The Casino. Mark your calendars. • I want to acknowledge the great work done by Aaron Barlow and his Muskets and Arrows Team in producing the Summer 2015 Muskets and Arrows. Thank you for a job well done! • Do come to the SCW events and meetings! Your active participation is requisite for the success of the Society--and most importantly, we want to see you! Summer 2015 Page 3 Bermuda Meeting Report The 106th Annual Meeting of the General Society of Colonial Wars was hosted by the New Jersey Society. Unlike prior General Assemblies, this year’s event was held on board the 1,069-foot Norwegian Breakaway, a spectacular cruise ship first launched in 2013, during a round trip cruise to the semitropical islands of Bermuda and concluded in the capital of Bermuda. The General Assembly commenced on board the Norwegian Breakaway on May 3, 2015. The ship embarked from the terminal on the Hudson River at the west end of 54th Street in Manhattan. As the ship headed down the Hudson on a beautiful sunny afternoon, Warriors and their guests were treated to a perfect view of the Statue of Liberty and downtown New York City before passing under the Verezzano Narrows Bridge and heading out to sea. In the evening of that first day, the Warriors and their guests met for an outdoor private cocktail party at the Spice H2O Pool Bar and Grill. The next day, the Warriors held the first part of the meeting of the 106th General Society of Colonial Wars onboard the ship. Because many warriors were meeting the sailing group in Bermuda, the only business conducted on board was that not requiring votes or discussion from the Warriors who flew directly to Bermuda. In the evening of the second day, the Warriors and their guests enjoyed a black tie dinner at Cagney’s steak house onboard the ship. Early on the morning of the next day—May 5—Michael Jarvis, Associate Professor of History at the University of Rochester—gave an entertaining and informative lecture on the history of Bermuda. Professor Jarvis, who is recognized internationally—especially by Bermudians—as one of the top experts on the history of Bermuda--has studied every surviving document concerning Bermudian history from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He is the author of the fascinating book, In the Eye of All Trade, which describes the key role of Bermuda in trans-Atlantic trade in the years leading up to the American Revolution and the effect of the severing of the ties between America and Britain on Bermuda. Professor Jarivs’s lecture divided Bermudian history into five phases from its colonial founding in the early eighteenth century to modern times. The Norweigian Breakway docked in Bermuda early the following morning. The next phase of the Annual Meeting took place at City Hall in Hamilton, the capital of Bermuda. The Warriors took a ferry from the main harbor where the Norwegian Breakaway was docked to the City of Hamilton, where they were met by the Warriors who traveled to Bermuda by air and by Hamilton City’s Town Crier, Ed Christopher (pictured below). Mr. Christopher then escorted the Warriors on a short walk from the ferry terminal to Hamilton City Hall, where the Warriors were met by Mayor Graeme Outerbridge. The Warriors then convened in the auditorium of the Town Hall where the 106th General Council continued and concluded the business of the Annual Meeting. The highlight of the business that day was the creation of a Bermuda Chapter in the Society of the Colonial Wars. As Professor Jarvis had explained in his on-board lecture, before the Revolution, during our shared colonial history, the relations between Bermuda and the English colonies in America were very close. Bermuda was founded by colonists heading to Virginia, and until the Revolution enjoyed close relations with Virginia and Maryland. Many Bermudians and Americans of Virginian or Maryland descent have ancestors in common. Mayor Outerbridge himself is descended from many American colonists and became the first member of the Bermuda Chapter. The Warriors also were honored to meet Johnny Barnes, a Bermudian institution in his own right. (See his page on Wikipedia). The attending members then met in Queen Elizabeth Park for a dedication of the planting of a tree grown from a seedling originating in Mount Vernon. The tree was a gift from the General Society to the people of Bermuda. Illinois Warrior Aaron Barlow, Mayor Graeme Outerbridge, Illinois Warrior Brian D. White and New York Warrior attending the planting of the Mount Vernon Redbud. article continued on next page Summer 2015 Page 4 Bermuda Meeting Report Cont. Following the tree planting, the Warriors and their male guests met for lunch at the Royal Bermuda Yacht Club where the Premier of Bermuda, Michael Dunkley, gave an address. In the afternoon, the Warriors and all their guests were bused to the Government House, the official residence of the royal Governor of Bermuda, George Ferguson. Mr. Ferguson hosted a reception for the Warriors and spoke about the shared history of Bermuda and the United States. The Government House was built at a time when Bermuda was an important naval base for the Royal Navy. Indeed, the official title of the governor of Bermuda is still Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Bermuda. In aid of the Governor’s responsibilities over naval affairs, the Government House was built on top of a hill with a view of the harbor so A photograph of the Norwegian Breakaway arriving in Bermuda taken by Governor Ferguson from the steps of the Government House that ships approaching Bermuda could be readily seen by the Governor and his staff. That harbor is now used for cruise ships like the Norwegian Breakway. Governor Ferguson was kind enough to send us a photograph he had taken from the vantage point of the Government House of our ship as it arrived in the harbor on Wednesday morning. Left to right: William Parke, Ed Lester, Peter Mark, New Jersey Warrior Charles A. Poekel, James Kinney and Brian D. White The following day, many Warriors and their guests took a tour of St. George’s, the oldest settlement on Bermuda, where several Warriors sported their best Bermudian fashions. Thursday evening, the Warriors and their guests attended a white tie cocktail reception and dance at the Fourways Inn. The inn is located in the central parish of Paget, and was built in 1727 of native coral stone and cedar. It was originally the home of John Harvey of Harvey’s Bristol Cream fame. The warriors and their guests enjoyed cocktails in a private tent before adjourning indoors to the historic dining room. On Friday, the last day on Bermuda, many Warriors and guests participated in golf or tennis tournaments at Bermuda clubs, and a group of avid croquet players enjoyed croquet at the Coral Beach Club. Those Warriors and guests who were returning on the cruise ship boarded in the afternoon and the ship left Bermuda for New York. Early Sunday morning, the ship returned to its berth on the Hudson River. Our female guests report having enjoyed a delicious luncheon at the Coral Beach Club overlooking the vivid turquoise water and being treated to a fashion show featuring resort fashions. They also visited an historic house and garden, and had the chance to shop and dine in picturesque St. George’s. All agreed that this was a very successful General Council of the Society of Colonial Wars, and the Illinois Society made a strong showing. Summer 2015 Page 5 Summer Court 2015 - Shoreacres Barb and David with Bob and Coco On May 17th, 2015, the Illinois Warriors held its annual Summer Court at Shoreacres in Lake Bluff with 80 guests and Warriors in attendance. Guests were greeted by the colonial tunes of a bagpiper as they arrived at the club. After a Council meeting, all assembled in the parlors of the beautiful Shoreacres Club for cocktails and conversation. After the reception, guests were piped into the dining room by the bagpiper and were treated to a delicious lunch. After a welcome and toasts by Governor Robert Lee Burell, Deputy Governor General David Linville, Esq. was presented the Samuel Victor Constant Award and named a Fellow in this elite group. The Award is named after Samuel Victor Constant—the Society of Colonial Wars’ principal founder—and honors distinguished service to the Society. David Linville, Esq. was heartily cheered by all upon receiving this most prestigious and well deserved award. After lunch, Secretary Philip May introduced and gave a background on our speaker Professor Robert Michael Morrissey of the University of Illinois and noted author on Illinois history. Dr. Morrissey gave a very detailed and interesting presentation titled “Empire by Collaboration: The French Empire on the Heart of Colonial America.” All were impressed with Professor Morrissey’s program and very much delighted to have his lovely wife Haley as a guest. A great time was had by all. Gov. Burell presents certificate to Speaker Professor Robert Morrissey Summary of Morrissey Talk A summary of “Empire by Collaboration: French and Indians in the Colonial Illinois Country,” a presentation by Professor Robert Michael Morrissey of the University of Illinois given at the Summer Court, May 17, 2015. Those who attended the annual Summer Court at Shore Acres in Lake Bluff were treated to a fascinating discussion of little-known aspects of Illinois colonial history by Professor Robert Morissey, Assistant Professor of History at the University of Illinois. Professor Morissey presented some of the surprising history of the French settlers in Illinois prior to the American Revolution. The French colonial experience, especially in what is now the United States, was very different from that of the English. Rather than large scale settlements and thriving communities of families, the story of the French colonists concerns “scoundrel adventurers,” who more often than not acted in open defiance of official French policy. For example, many of the French settlers in Illinois country engaged in various illegal activities: buying and selling Indian slaves, marrying Indian women, and appropriating huge amounts of land. Even less disreputable figures than slave traders and land squatters like Jacques Marquette, René Robert Cavalier, the Sieur de La Salle, and the Jesuit hierarchy itself found it necessary to act more in conflict with the French government’s expressed policy than in conformity with it. Marquette, for example, in defiance of the French crown’s insistence on limiting missionary activity to the vicinity of Québec, established the mission of the Immaculate Conception on the Illinois River. Eventually, in what Professor Morissey called an illustration of the “if you can’t beat ‘em join ‘em” principle, the French government collaborated with the Illinois settlers. Thus, while the French government had earlier issued at least two arrest warrants for Jacques Bourdon because of his allegedly treasonable acts, after 1718 he was designated among the “most worthy” settlers of the colony and appointed captain of the militia. As Professor Morissey explained, this experience affected the French colonists’ attitudes towards the British government after 1763, when Illinois Country as well as all of French North America south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi was ceded to Britain. Unlike the angry English colonists, who in the 1760s and 1770s wrote up a storm of pamphlets protesting against British encroachment on the “rights of Englishmen,” French settlers in Illinois country pledged their loyalty and sought accommodations from the British government, albeit in return for personal gain. By the end of the American Revolution, apparently fed up with AngloAmerican politics, most of these settlers had moved the short distance across the Mississippi to the parts of the former French colonies that were under the jurisdiction of the Spanish. article continued on page 10 Summer 2015 Page 6 King George’s War 1739-1748 This article is the fourth in a series on the Colonial Wars between France and Britain that were fought by ancestors of our members. Each issue of Muskets & Arrows will include a short article providing a synopsis of one (or part of one) of these wars. Last issue’s article discussed a war between the Spanish Empire and Britain that was itself the lead up to the third French and Indian War. That war with Spain was called the War of Jenkins’ Ear. This issue’s article is about the continuation of the conflict with Spain after France also declared war on Britain and its colonies. At this point, the War of Jenkins’ Ear merged into the new conflict with France, and came to be known as King George’s War. The War of Austrian Succession King George’s War was the American phase of a war between Britain and France that was part of the War of Austrian Succession. That general European conflagration resulted from various states’ opportunistic attempts to secure land at the expense of the Austrian Empire after Emperor Charles VI died in 1740. Charles was succeeded by his daughter, Maria Teresa, who was the last of the Hapsburgs and the only female ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. Under Salic Law—the same law that prevented the English kings from inheriting the throne of France through a woman and led to the Hundred Years’ War— Maria Teresa could not inherit the Habsburg dominions in Central Europe from her father. However, before he died, Charles prevailed upon most of the relevant courts of Europe to agree to the Pragmatic Sanction permitting Maria Teresa to inherit the Habsburg lands. In spite of their agreements, shortly after Charles died in 1740, most of the parties to the Pragmatic Sanction broke their promises in order to expand their territories, reduce the power of the Habsburgs, or both. This war—the War of Austrian Succession—saw the first appearance of the army whose military traditions and effectiveness would bedevil European history until 1945--the highly trained and aggressive Prussian army. The German armies of World Wars I and II looked back to the traditions of the Prussian army first unleashed in the 1740s. The young military genius King Frederick II—later known as Frederick the Great—used this army to great effect in conquering Silesia from Austria. This territory doubled the size of Prussia and remained part of Prussia/Germany until 1945. King Frederick II of Prussia, known as “the Great” Other than the Prussian conquest of Silesia, the war was a chaotic mess with the French, British, Dutch, Prussians, Austrians, and several other parties trying to gain or maintain a modest advantage in territory or power. Several states entered and left the war multiple times, and some switched sides in the middle of the conflict. The North American colonies of Britain and France were not involved until 1744. Until that point Britain and France had not declared war on each other, even though both countries provided armies to opposite sides of the conflict. At one such point, an army on the side of Austria was led by the British King George II who, in June 1743, at the battle of Dettingen became the last ruling British monarch to lead troops in battle. Eventually, the French formally declared war against Britan on March 4, 1744 and the British responded in kind on March 29. The Commencement of Hostilities by the French in North America France was the first of the two powers to inform its colonies in North America that the two countries were now at war. As a result, on May 14, 1744 a French force from Ft. Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, was able to surprise and capture the garrison of a small British fishing station at Canso (or “Canseau” to the French) Nova Scotia. The captured British were brought to Louisbourg, where they remained for several weeks, eventually becoming familiar with the site’s fortifications, strengths, and weaknesses. The French then tried to recover Annapolis Royal, a former French Fort in Nova Scotia which had been captured by the British during Queen Anne’s War. However, Major Paul Mascarene, the Annapolis commander, and the son of Huguenot refugees, mostly through force of character, galvanized activity among the British that overcame Annapolis’s state of disrepair as well as the numerical inferiority of the British garrison. While the French commander wasted time trying and failing to convince the formerly French Acadians who lived near Annapolis to take sides against the British (the most they would do was make scaling ladders for the French army), reinforcements for Annapolis began to arrive from Boston. At that point, the French gave up and returned to Ft. Louisbourg. Meanwhile, a plan to take Louisbourg for the British was materializing on multiple fronts. The Canso garrison, Summer 2015 Page 7 article continued on next page King George’s War 1739-1748 continued released from imprisonment at Louisbourg to Boston, urged Massachusetts Governor William Shirley to launch an expedition against the fort. They pointed out their intimate familiarity with the fort after being held there provided upto-date intelligence that would prove valuable in an attack. Meanwhile, in London, a powerful merchant familiar with the fort was also urging an attack. Louisbourg represented a significant threat to British shipping and trans-Atlantic traffic. Its position astride the main trade routes earned it the nickname “the Gibraltar of the New World.” In the view of many on both sides of the Atlantic, its elimination as a threat would significantly tilt the balance of the war in favor of Britain. never be able to hold this fortification. Before leaving they had spiked all the cannon. The Americans, expecting such tactics, had brought with them from home smiths and tools for repairing cannon. By May 4, the New Englanders had repaired three French cannon and were using them to pummel the town. Governor Shirley agreed to launch the expedition in 1745. He asked England to send naval support, which it did under Commodore Peter Warren. The land forces, however, came entirely from New England. These included 500 men from Connecticut (including this writer’s ancestor, Lieutenant Jabez Barlow), 450 men from New Hampshire, and 2,800 men from Massachusetts. Rhode Island provided an armed ship, New York sent 10 cannon, and Pennsylvania and New Jersey promised supplies. Governor Shirley appointed Colonel William Pepperell, of Kittery, Maine (then part of Massachusetts) to lead the troops. However, the French still had an effective battery on the island in the middle of the harbor (item “H” on the map) from which they could inhibit the Americans’ freedom of movement. But by June 10, the Americans had succeeded in dragging enough cannon around the harbor to set up a new battery at Lighthouse Point on the East side of the harbor (item “I” on the map). From this locale, the Americans could hit the French island battery (H on the map) so effectively that it was completely neutralized as an impediment to American movements. By the end of May, the French had made two attempts to relieve and provision the besieged town by sea. However, in both cases, the French ships were captured by Commodore Warren, preventing any relief for the besieged French while at the same time providing the Americans with captured bread, meat, siege guns, and ammunition. The New Englanders used Canso, retaken after the previous year’s surprise attack, as a staging area for the various parts of the expedition to gather. On April 29, the flotilla departed Canso and arrived the next morning three miles from the town of Louisbourg, where the New Englanders made their camp (just to the left of the map to the right.) After making camp, Pepperell sent detachments to explore the terrain and gather information for planning an attack. On May 2, a reconnaissance party discovered that the Grand Battery on the north side of the harbor (item “L” on the map) was unoccupied. The French had abandoned it a few days earlier in the belief that they would article continued on next page Summer 2015 Page 8 The War of Jenkins’ Ear and King George’s War 1739-1748 continued Warren and Pepperell then planned a combined sealand assault on the fort. Just as those plans were being completed on June 15, the French raised a flag of truce. The next day, the parties discussed terms, and on June 17, the French surrendered. One condition was there was to be no plunder of French property. To make up for the American’s loss of their expected war booty, Warren kept flying the French flag at the fort, luring several French merchant ships into Louisbourg, thereby providing the troops with their desired plunder. The New Englanders lost 101 killed, with 30 dead from disease. The French lost 53 killed and 80 wounded. The victory was hailed as a “remarkable feat of arms for inexperienced militiamen.” When the news of the victory reached Boston on July 3, the celebrations included fireworks and “Candles in windows of all most Evry house.” For the rest of the war in North America, nothing as dramatic or as potentially significant as the Cape Breton expedition occurred. Two French attempts to retake Louisbourg failed, the first due to weather and the second due to the death of its first commander and the suicide of its second. Indian raids, as in prior wars, continued to be a problem especially along the frontier between British and French areas. To counteract these, Massachusetts built three forts on its northern frontier early in the war. French and Indian attempts to take these failed. New York was largely protected from Indian raids by the huge presence of the loyal Iroquois in western New York. But there were nonetheless a few raids in New York, notably at Saratoga where 300 Canadians and 200 Indians under the Sieur de Marin and Father Picquet killed 30 inhabitants and captured 60-100, mostly slaves. Attempts were made to launch an expedition against Quebec but, while the Americans assembled their militias in July 1746 for the effort, the British were no shows, explaining the next spring that they had urgent business on the Continent. Late in the war, the Spanish—who were still at war with Britain due to the formally ongoing War of Jenkins’ Ear--became active again and sent raiding parties from Florida to Beaufort, North Carolina (August 1747) and Brunswick, North Carolina (September 1748). However, nothing conclusive occurred in North America for the remainder of the war. Peace The conclusion of the war was determined by events outside America. In Europe the French military had been very successful in capturing almost all of what is now Belgium and had made significant inroads into the Netherlands. In India the French captured the important British station of Madras. The peace treaty of Aix-la Chapelle, signed October 18, 1748, returned Louisbourg to France, to the shocked dismay of the American colonists. This was the price for the French relinquishing Madras and its European gains. (The French army, which had lost many men in its conquest of Belgium, also protested the return of these hard-won territories.) For the powers-that-be, this war was a prime example of Clausewitz’s maxim that “war is the continuation of politics by other means.” Having achieved their limited goals, the various European states negotiated a peace that was politically palatable to each side. But for the English colonists, the war represented another step in their effort to obtain permanent security by destroying the power of the French in North America. Had Louisbourg remained in British hands, the French would have been unable to supply armies of any significantsize in Quebec. Instead, back in French hands, Louisbourg represented the continued and growing threat of French aggression. The Americans feared the strength of French fortifications, which encircled the British colonies in an arc extending from Louisbourg to Detroit to Fort de Chartres to New Orleans. They rightly feared French intentions on the western frontier of the British colonies, as borne out by the 1754 establishment of Fort Duquesne at Pittsburgh in land claimed by Virginia, as well as the treatment of George Washington’s expedition to that area at the beginning of the next war with the French. Sources: Peckham, Howard H., The Colonial Wars 1689-1762, U. Chicago Press 1964. Leach, Douglas Edward. Arms for Empire: A Military History of the British Colonies in North America 1607-1763, Macmillan Co. 1973. The Spanish Official Account of the Attack on the Colony of Georgia, in America, and of its Defeat on St. Simons Island by General James Oglethorpe (Collections of the Georgia Historical Society,VII, Part 3). Savannah, Ga. 1913. Available at https://archive.org/details/spanishofficiala00geor Ogg, David, Europe of the Ancien Régime: 1715-1783, Harper & Row 1965. Hufton, Olwen, Europe: Privilege and Protest 1730-1789, Fontana Press 1980. Summer 2015 Page 9 April 1, Spring Meeting On April 1, 2015 we held our Spring Luncheon Meeting at The Casino in Chicago. Our speaker was Illinois Society Muskets & Arrows editor, Aaron Barlow, who gave a presentation on General James Oglethorpe, Governor of Georgia, and his actions during the War of Jenkins’ Ear, when he ordered a British blockade of St. Augustine, Florida, and later, after the Spanish invaded Georgia, defeated them at the battle of the Bloody Marsh. This topic had been covered in brief in the Winter 2015 issue of Muskets & Arrows as part of a synopsis of the War of Jenkins’ Ear, but during the meeting Mr. Barlow was able to demonstrate the richness of contemporary sources and to illustrate General Oglethorpe’s activities with maps and diagrams of Georgia, the Spanish fort at St. Augustine, and the Georgia island where the Spanish and Georgians fought during the Spanish invasion. Illinois Society Governor Robert Burell conducted the business part of the meeting that brought all attending members up to date on Society activities and status. Warriors traveling through Chicago are more than welcome to attend our quarterly meetings and events. The schedule is on our website: Colonialwarsil.org. . Summary of Morrissey Talk continued Professor Morissey’s talk gave a very enlightening and eye opening view of a fascinating and very local history that few in the audience knew anything about. Indeed, as Professor Morissey noted, “Nobody really thinks of the Midwest as having much of a substantial colonial history, but the truth is it did.” The Illinois Society hopes that Professor Morissey’s talk, giving as it did a glimpse into the wealth of Illinois and Midwestern colonial history, is part of the start of new development of these subjects, as alluded to in this issue’s message from Governor Robert Burell. This fascinating area is waiting to be explored, and the facets discussed in Professor Morissey’s lecture are just the tip of the iceberg. In need of help with a stumbling block or your research? We recommend Diane Rapaport a Professional Genealogist located in Lexington, MA. Tel: 781.698.7884 Toll Free: 866784-5573 or e-mail: diane@dianerapaport.com. For more information go to www.DianeRapaport.com; and also locally, Victoria Flanagan Defty,Tel: 312.642.0457.They have PROVEN results and are experienced people who can take care of your application and research from start to finish if need be and have done excellent work for many of our newest Warriors. We HIGHLY recommend hiring a professional if you have come across a stumbling block or dead end in your research or if you’d just prefer to have someone take care of it all for you. It can turn a 1-3 year project into something that can easily be handled by a professional in just a few weeks. It is worth it, they are reasonable and very professional! Summer 2015 Page 10 General Society of Colonial Wars Paraphernalia Order Information Society paraphernalia is available to members in good standing. Please consult our Guidelines page for guidance on wear. 9mm Society Rosette in Scarlet & White $10 The Society Rosette is produced by Dexter Rosettes of Gwyneed Valley Pennsylvania. All members are authorized for wear. Large Insigne $620 • Miniature Insigne $225 The Large Insigne and Miniature Insigne are produced by Liberty Jewelry Company in Timonium, Maryland. Medals are made to order and take 4-6 weeks. All members are authorized for wear. Miniature War Cross $50 • Large War Cross $30 The Large War Cross was produced by Balfour and the remaining inventory dates from the 1970s and features slightly different drape ribbon. The current Miniature War Cross is of the 2013 production from the Liberty Jewelry Company and reflects current market rates. Authorization for wear restricted to veterans and current active duty and reserve members of the United States military. Bow tie $50 • Four-in-Hand tie $60 Produced exclusively for the Society by Ben Silver of Charleston this 100% silk tie is made in England. All members are authorized for wear. Blazer Patch $70 Crafted by Ben Silver of Charleston the patch features a 5 pin stud back for a secure smooth fit and a wide border perfect for sewing. All members are authorized for wear. State Society Officers Neck Ribbon $40 Produced exclusively for the Society by Toye, Kenning & Spencer of England the neck ribbon features an accessible rear clasp and a secure clip for the large insigne. Authorization for wear restricted to State Society Officers. Please note, only the large insigne is permitted to be worn from the neck ribbon. Items are sold separately. General Society Officers Sash $100 Produced exclusively for the Society by Toye, Kenning & Spencer of England the sash features a secure clip under the bow that can be tucked away when not employed with the large insigne. Authorization for wear restricted to current and past General Society Officers including Deputy Governors General. Membership Certificate Suitable for framing the measures 12 x 14 of heavy bond paper and features embossed colored seals of the original nine colonies and the raised stamp of the Great Seal of the Society. Available to all members in good standing. Ordering: To place an order mail your check to: John Mealey, Executive Director GSCW - Langsdale Library 1420 Maryland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21201-5779 Please make your check payable to GSCW Questions? E mail: john@gscw.org (Phone) 410-837-4266 http://www.gscw.org/ Society of Colonial Wars in Illinois Merchandise Official Tie $70 Manufactured by Ben Silver Co. Dress White Shirt $55 Dress white with IL SCW monogram on cuff in red Golf Shirt $50 (choice of colors: white, black, light blue, burgundy, dark green, gray, navy, court green, stone, light stone – All with red IL SCW logo) Golf Jacket $90 (choice of colors: white, black, light blue, burgundy, dark green, gray, navy, court green, stone, light stone – All with red IL SCW logo. Fleece-Lined, 89% polyester/11% nylon peached microfiber, cell phone pocket) For those looking to purchase “Black Full Dress Tails” please visit: Formally Modern Tuxedo 2112 N. Clybourn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60614 Tel: 773.975.7700 web: www.formallymodern.com • Owner: Ask for Alex Tsebelis If you are a “Colonial Warrior” there is a special price of $395 for new Tail Coat and Pants and $85 for the shirt/vest & tie. Cuff links/gloves/shoes, etc., also available. Order form: http://colonialwarsil.org/merchandise Make checks payable to SCWIL, remitted to: Association Services, c/o Society of Colonial Wars, P.O. Box 350, Kenilworth, IL 60043-0350 Summer 2015 Page 11 PRESORTED STANDARD U.S. POSTAGE PAID FOX VALLEY, IL PERMIT NO. 363 Society of Colonial Wars In the State of Illinois P.O. Box 350 Kenilworth, IL 60043-0350 — Officers of the Council — Governor................................................................................................................................................. Robert Lee Burell Deputy Governor...............................................................................................................John Harmon Strothman Deputy Governor General for Illinois............................................................................David Gilbert Linville Lieutenant Governor..............................................................................................................................James F. Barr, Jr. Secretary.............................................................................................................................................Philip Raymond May Treasurer.....................................................................................................................................Albert Earling Van Alyea Historian...............................................................................................................................................James Field Rudwall Registrar................................................................................................................................................... Rudolf E. Knepper Genealogist......................................................................................................................................................Peter B. Irvine Chancellor..............................................................................................................................Andrew Jackson Valentine Chaplin........................................................................................................................................ Albert Harris Tippens, Jr. — Special Committees Appointed by the Governor — Membership & Social Committees Membership & Social Chairman........................ Brian D. White Membership............................Rudolf E. Knepper & Ed Rutledge Social......................................................................................... Zack Sudler Muskets and Arrows/Gazette Committee Editor..............................................................Aaron Abraham Barlow Photographer.........................................................................Peter Mark Investment Committee Chairman......................................................................................Ed Lester Committee of Fort de Chartres Commander of the Fort...................................... James M. Kinney Gentlemen of the Council Robert Allen Martinus John Dryud Samuel Badger Leland Hutchinson Steve Barnhart Rudolf E. Knepper Renton Kirkwood Brodie III Ed Rutledge John Adams Bross Zack Sudler Howell Browne Todd Schwebel Barry Joseph Carroll David Sweet Allen Carter Respectfully submitted, Aaron Barlow, Editor, Muskets and Arrows Telephone: 847-251-1400 • Fax: 847-256-5601 • Email: office@associationschicago.com • Website: www.colonialwarsil.org Summer 2015