01 - Front Page Contents - English Bowls Umpires Association

ENGLISH BOWLS UMPIRES ASSOCIATION

Training Manual

Laws of the Sport of Bowls

Crystal Mark Edition

Contents

Introduction & Constitution

Introduction

The English Bowls Umpires Association

EBUA Website

Constitution

Procedures Document

Protecting Children & the Vulnerable

Training & Development

The Route of Progression

Training & Development Courses

Theory Questions & Assessment

Umpiring & Marking

Duties of an Umpire

The Principles of Marking

Measuring & Equipment

The Umpires Kit

Markers Kit

Tips for Measuring

Measuring Exercises 1 to 15

Alternative Equipment

Laws of the Sport of Bowls

A brief history of the “Laws of the Sport”

Law Groups 1, 2 and 3

Figures & Diagrams

The English Bowls Umpires Association gratefully acknowledge the following in their assistance with the production of this Training Manual

World Bowls Ltd

Andy Ewens, Gloucestershire

Richard Moore, Leicestershire

Mrs Denise Smith, Surrey

Allan Thornhill, Surrey Drakes Pride Ltd

Introduction and Constitution

INTRODUCTION

AND

CONSTITUTION

English Bowls Umpires Association Training Manual Revision 1/07

Introduction and Constitution Introduction

Introduction

Welcome to the English Bowls Umpires Association “National Training Manual”.

The manual has been produced to complement all training courses run by the

Association, from the initial recruit right through an umpires’ career and should be seen not only as a teaching aid but also a valuable point of reference to all umpire related matters.

The manual is the basis of a continually developing “portfolio” for all umpires, evidenced and supported by updates as they occur within the association. Indeed, this third edition manual has been revised in line with the newly introduced “Laws of the Sport of Bowls – Crystal Mark Edition”

During 2002 there was a complete re-structuring of EBUA training courses, based on a principle of “best practice”. This resulted in a change to the training of new candidates, combining established methodology with a far more practical aspect of umpiring. Essentially what has been achieved is the standard presentation of training, providing a “skeleton” for umpires to put their own flesh on. Fortunately nature has dictated that, with the same skeleton, we can maintain our own identity and this is our greatest ambition i.e.: -

“To start from the same point and develop along a structured path, whilst maintaining individuality”

Within the manual you will find a brief history of the laws of bowls, together with details on the establishment of the English Bowls Umpires Association, general advice on umpiring and further details on training. The complete Laws of the Sport of

Bowls are reproduced by kind permission of World Bowls Ltd.

I would like to thank all current members of the association for all the hard work that has brought the EBUA to the stage it is at today. Special thanks must go to Rick

Moore and Allan Thornhill for their hard work and endeavour in compiling this

“Manual”, together with the National Executive for their support in the training process.

I close with one wish – The “English Bowls Umpires Association” and its members are considered by many bowlers throughout the world to be the “best”. By continual development, supported by enthusiasm and most importantly teamwork, we will maintain and enhance this position.

Good luck, good bowling and essentially – ENJOY YOURSELVES.

Andy Ewens

Development Officer


Introduction & Constitution The EBUA

The English Bowls Umpires Association

Prior to 1974, Umpires were nominated by counties to the EBA who then made appointments mainly to cover the Middleton Cup matches and National Competitions.

During that year the EBA through its Coaching and Training sub-committee initiated the formation of a national panel of qualified umpires and organised two series of written and practical examinations that produced 173 qualifiers. This was done with the full support of the EIBA.

Within a short space of time a number of the newly qualified umpires realised that in order to obtain and maintain uniformity in the interpretation of the Laws of the Game, the formation of an Umpires Association needed to be considered.

To this end a small number of umpires in the Midlands took positive action and on the 20 th

December 1975, the Midland Counties (EBA) Bowls Umpires Association was formed at a meeting in Nottingham.

Other areas became interested and on 28 th

June 1976, the secretary of the EBA wrote to all qualified umpires stating that the General Purposes Committee of the

Association had expressed a view that a National Umpires Association should be formed.

An inaugural meeting was held at Rugby (Thornfield) Indoor Bowling Club on 26 th

September 1976, and the present Association was formed.

From its early days the Association has undertaken the task of holding practical examinations of applicants, providing qualified umpires for all major games played under the jurisdiction of World Bowls, the EBA and EIBA including the World

Championships at Worthing in 1992, Commonwealth Games, European and British

Isles Championships and English National Championships.

Members of the English Bowls Umpires Association are recognised as being amongst the best in the world in their field and this is evidenced by the invitations received by our association for officiating and training around the world.

In 2006 the association amended its Constitution to open up the membership to ladies. This revision of the training manual reflects this by not being gender specific.

The Association has been blessed with a number of excellent officers including a number who have held high office in the EBA, EIBA and World Bowls.

Above all, most of its experienced members are first class umpires and that is the position we seek to maintain.


Introduction & Constitution EBUA Website

EBUA Website

The existing Association website was launched in 2000 with the aim of providing current information about the Association’s activities. The websites features include:

News

The latest news, information and site updates. A facility to join an email mailing list also exists.

Discussion Forum

A popular addition to the site is the Discussion Forum, which was designed to allow free comment about all aspects of the Association and the Laws of the Sport. It is well supported and offers lively debate.

Contacts

Contact information can be found for each National and Area Officer, together with a brief outline of the structure of the Association.

Training

Full details about our training courses and examination process are available together with a training calendar. The latest successful candidates can also be found in this section.

Merchandise

The Association has a range of products available for sale and these are all available to purchase online or by completing an Order form.

Laws of the Sport

Whilst we are unable to reproduce the full Laws of the Sport of Bowls on the website due to Copyright restrictions, we have provided a link to the World Bowls website and added some competition rules and information about specific laws and their interpretation.

The website is continually changing and is a valuable communication tool for the

Association. Take a moment to access the site. w w w .

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Introduction & Constitution The Constitution

Constitution

1. Title

The title of the Association shall be “The English Bowls Umpires Association”, hereafter referred to as the Association.

2. Objectives

The objectives of the Association shall be:

2.1. To provide suitably trained and qualified umpires for the game of Flat Green bowls played under the Laws of the Sport as laid down by World Bowls, the World Indoor

Bowls Council and associated governing bodies.

2.2.

To appoint qualified members to officiate at any Match, Competition or Tournament at the request of the organizing body.

2.3. To consult and liaise with National Governing Bodies on the Laws of the Sport including amendments and additions thereto.

2.4. To give guidance on the Laws of the Sport.

3. Membership

3.1 Initially, membership of the Association shall be open to qualified members of Clubs or

Associations affiliated to National Governing Bodies on payment of the appropriate annual subscription.

3.2. Active members must be capable of fulfilling all the duties and responsibilities of an umpire; members with any physical impairment may use such support or aid as will enable them to meet this criterion.

3.3. Every member shall pay the Association an annual subscription, the amount of which shall be decided at the Annual General Meeting (AGM), on the recommendation of the

National Executive Committee, for implementation from 1 st

January in the year following the AGM. A member whose subscription has not been paid for a period of six months shall cease to be a member, their name shall be removed from the membership register and they shall not carry out any duties or act on behalf of the

Association. Such person may rejoin the Association only when fully paid up.

3.4. Any member not fully subscribed by the date of the AGM shall be allowed to attend but will not be eligible to take part in any discussion or vote on any issue.

3.5. The Association may, at an AGM, on the motion of the National Executive Committee, elect one or more Honorary Life Members.

3.6. Any breaches of the Constitution or Procedure Document, as laid down by the authority of the Constitution, may result after due investigation of the facts, in the National

Executive Committee either suspending or terminating the membership of the member concerned.

English Bowls Umpires Association Training Manual Issue Date 27 th

April 2008

Introduction & Constitution The Constitution

4. Administration

4.1. The administration of the Association shall be conducted by the National Executive

Committee, which shall have full authority in all matters except any additions, alterations or deletions to this Constitution and any matters dealt with solely at the

AGM.

4.2. The National Executive Committee shall meet not less than twice a year at an agreed date, time and venue and eight members shall constitute a quorum. The meeting may be constructed using available technology, not requiring members to be at the same venue.

Should other National Executive Committee meetings be deemed necessary, or if an

Emergency meeting is required, the Honorary National Secretary shall notify all members of the Committee of the date, time and venue, giving at least fourteen days' notice.

4.3. The Chairman, acting with at least three of the National Executive Committee, shall be empowered to take such action as they think fit on behalf of the National Executive

Committee on matters deemed to be impending or urgent.

After such action, a report detailing the reason for the action taken shall be sent to each member of the National Executive Committee for consideration at the next full meeting.

4.4. If a vacancy occurs on the National Executive Committee, the remaining members of the Committee shall be authorized to take appropriate action to fill such vacancy until the next Annual General Meeting.

5. The National Executive Committee

The National Executive Committee shall consist of the following:

1) The Honorary President

2)

3)

The Honorary Deputy President

The Immediate Past President (first year after serving as President)

4)

5)

6)

The Honorary Chairman

The Honorary National Secretary

The Honorary National Treasurer

The Honorary National Training Officer* 7)

8)

9)

The Honorary National Examination Secretary*

The Area Secretary (Northern Area)

10) The Area Secretary (Midlands Area)

11) The Area Secretary (Eastern Area)

12) The Area Secretary (South Eastern Area)

13) The Area Secretary (South Central Area)

14) The Area Secretary (South Western Area)

15) to 18) Not more than four representatives appointed by the appropriate English

National Governing Bodies.

The Honorary Chairman, the Honorary National Secretary, the Honorary National Treasurer, the Honorary National Development Officer shall be appointed for a period of three years,


April 2008

Introduction & Constitution The Constitution retiring in rotation for continuity. All other posts (except Governing Body appointees) shall be elected annually.

* Note: The positions of Honorary National Training Officer and Honorary National

Examination Secretary are temporarily suspended and replaced by the appointment of the

Honorary National Development Officer at the 2007 AGM. This situation is subject to review following current 3 year term of office of the National Development Officer.

The National Executive Committee shall be empowered by the authority of this Constitution to undertake such tasks and appointments as listed below.

6.1. Define the Procedures of the Association, in respect of appointments and duties of

National Executive Committee members, other officials and the Conduct of Members.

These are contained in "E.B.U.A. Procedures Document".

6.2. Establish sub-committees to examine any aspect of established practice or any other matters of the Association.

6.3. A sub-committee shall consist of not less than three members. Non-National Executive

Committee members with special skills may be co-opted for a period not exceeding one year from the date of the appointment. These co-opted members shall not become members of the National Executive Committee. The Chairman shall be an ex officio member to all sub committees.

6.4. Enquire and make such ruling as deemed necessary upon any dispute or complaint arising between members of the Association and any Association or Club affiliated to the National Governing Bodies or other members of the Association in respect of:

(i) The conduct of a member

(ii) Interpretation of the Constitution of the Association, the Procedure Document or any Code of Practice and Conduct as authorized by the Constitution

(iii) Interpretation of the Laws of the Sport or any Bye Laws, Regulations, Rules of any Match, Competition or Tournament, or any matter of practice or etiquette concerning the playing or administration of any Match, Competition or

Tournament.

All complaints shall be made in writing to the National Honorary Secretary and statements signed by the persons making them. Members' rights of appeal will not be affected.

7. Annual General Meeting

The Annual General Meeting (AGM) shall be held each year at a date, time and venue to be determined at the conclusion of the previous Annual General Meeting, but shall not be later than April 30th in each year. The business of the meeting shall be:

(i) To receive and adopt the minutes of the previous AGM.

(ii) To receive, examine and adopt the yearly statement of the independently examined accounts of the Association from the Honorary National Treasurer and to appoint the Independent Examiner(s) for the year.

(iii) To receive and adopt reports from the Honorary National Secretary, the Honorary

National Development Officer.

(iv) To elect annually the President, Deputy President & those members of the

National Executive Committee who are retiring. Such members may seek re-


April 2008

Introduction & Constitution The Constitution election. Nominations for each post shall be received by the Honorary National

Secretary no later than 31 st

January prior to the AGM. The National Executive

Committee will make nominations for a post when no other nominations have been received by the due date.

(v) To receive notices of motion from the National Executive Committee, or Area

Meetings, concerning any matters relating to the Constitution of the Association, that have been received by the National Honorary Secretary in accordance with the provisions of the sub-section (vi) below.

(vi) Except for motions put forward by the National Executive Committee or for consideration of a Special Meeting, all other motions shall be notified to the

National Honorary Secretary no later than 31 st

January prior to the AGM.

(vii) A quorum shall be not less than five percent of members. In the absence of a quorum, thirty minutes after the stated time for the commencement of the meeting, the said AGM shall be reconvened on a date, time and venue set by the

National Executive Committee.

(viii) Unless otherwise stated in this Constitution, all issues, matters or motions shall be decided by a simple majority of those members present. In case of equality the Chairman shall have the casting vote. Only members are allowed to vote.

(ix) All motions to vary, modify or replace the Constitution shall require a two-thirds majority of votes cast.

(x) Notices convening an Annual General Meeting, together with an Agenda and the full text of any motion[s] to be voted upon, shall be distributed to members at least twenty one days prior to the meeting.

Unless otherwise agreed, the order of business shall be that of the Agenda.

8. Special General Meetings

On receipt of a written requirement, signed by at least 30 members of the Association, a

Special General Meeting shall be convened on the direction of the National Executive

Committee. Such requirement shall be addressed to the Honorary National Secretary. The

National Executive Committee may also request a Special General Meeting.

All requests for such a meeting shall set out the matters or motions to be considered at the meeting. No other business shall be transacted. The Honorary National Secretary shall give at least fourteen days' notice to members of a Special General Meeting.

All members of the Association may attend any Special Meeting and shall be entitled to vote.

9. Areas within the Association

9.1. The country shall be divided into administrative areas, the number and the constitution of which being recommended by the National Executive Committee for approval by the

Annual General Meeting.

9.2 Each Area shall hold not less than one meeting per annum. If only one meeting is held per annum, it shall be no later than 31 st

October and called the Area Annual General

Meeting.

10. Children & the Vulnerable

The English Bowls Umpires' Association recognizes and acknowledges its responsibility to safeguard the welfare of young persons and other vulnerable people participating in the


April 2008

Introduction & Constitution The Constitution game of bowls, and shall advise its members on how to adopt such practices as recommended by the National Governing Bodies and our insurance advisors.

11. Changes to Constitution

The Previous Constitution (Issued 18-04-06) is repealed, but all existing appointments and other Acts of Authority shall remain in force until such time as they expire or are replaced.

12. Dissolution

If at any General Meeting a resolution for the Dissolution of the Association is passed by a majority of members present and entitled to vote and if that resolution is confirmed at a

Special General Meeting held not less than one month after the General Meeting by a majority of three quarters of those members present, the National Executive Committee must immediately or at such future date, as specified in the resolution, proceed to realize the property of the Association and after discharge of all liabilities must divide the remainder among organisations having a similar or associated activity.

Upon completion of such division, the Association shall be dissolved.

13. Indemnity

The Association will provide indemnity in favour of any Officer, Individual Member or

Representative of the Association, indemnifying them against any liability which they may incur wholly or in part as a direct result of holding office or position in their capacity as an

Officer, Member or representative of the Association.


April 2008

Construction of E.B.U.A. National Executive

Total Membership, split into six Areas

Northern

Area

Secretary

Association

Chairman

Midlands

Area

Secretary

Eastern

Area

Secretary

South Eastern

Area

Secretary

South Central

Area

Secretary

National Executive

Officers - Elected annually by all Members at the A.G.M.

Deputy National

Association

Chairman

Chairman of the Executive

National

Secretary

Treasurer Examination

Secretary

Area Secretaries - Elected annually by Members at the Area A.G.M.

South Western

Area

Secretary

National

Training Officer

Northern Midlands Eastern South Eastern South Central South Western

Immediate Past

Chairman

Others - not elected

Up to 4 Delegates from National Governing Bodies

Introduction & Constitution

Procedures Document

Procedures Document

PART 1

DUTIES OF OFFICERS CONSTITUTING THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Wherever a function title is mentioned within these Procedures, it is deemed to include a Delegate; i.e. the title “Chairman” shall mean the Chairman or his nominated representative.

Association Chairman

Shall be a subscribing member of the Association, elected at the Annual General Meeting of the

Association

Unless otherwise agreed, shall chair Annual General and Special General Meetings of the

Association.

Shall exercise their discretion as to the admissibility of all matters or motions raised at such meetings.

It shall also be at the Chairman’s discretion which amendments are relevant for discussion and when the voting on any motions and amendments shall take place.

In the event of equality on a vote at such meetings, shall have a second or casting vote.

Deputy Association Chairman

A subscribing member from any area may be nominated for election to the position of Deputy

Chairman at the Annual General Meeting. The elected member shall normally serve for a period of twelve months in that capacity.

Chairman of the Executive Committee

Shall be a subscribing member of the Association, elected at the Annual General Meeting of the

Association normally for a period of three years with options to extend to cover more long term projects.

Shall Chair all Executive Committee meetings and be responsible for pursuing programmes agreed at an AGM.

Will exercise their discretion to the admissibility of all matters or motions raised at Executive

Committee meetings. It shall also be at the Executive Committee Chairman’s discretion which amendments are relevant for discussion and when the voting on any motions and amendments shall take place.

In the event of equality on a vote at such meetings, the Chairman of the Executive shall have a casting vote.

Honorary National Secretary

The Honorary National Secretary shall be responsible for the efficient administration of the

Association.

The Honorary National Secretary shall: i) Attend all meetings of the Association, Executive Committee and all sub-committees wherever possible and appropriate. ii) Keep or cause to be kept, a record of business transacted at such meetings. iii) Record amendments to this Procedures' Document as directed by the Executive Committee. iv) Prepare a written report of the activities of the Association since the last AGM and, if approved, it shall be submitted for adoption at the ensuing AGM. They shall also present a report on the activities of the Association at each Executive Committee Meeting.

English Bowls Umpires Association Training Manual Issue Date October 2006

Introduction & Constitution Procedures Document v) Appoint, or cause to be appointed, suitably qualified members to officiate at events for which official requests have been made for the services of an umpire(s). vi) Liaise with the Chairmen on all matters and motions submitted in connection with Executive and

General Meetings. vii) Liaise with the appropriate National Governing bodies as and when required viii) Retain all Voluntary Disclosure forms securely & destroy them when the member concerned ceases to be a member of the Association.

An ASSISTANT to the SECRETARY may be appointed, who shall be an existing member of the

Executive Committee. Their specific task shall be to record the minutes of meetings and present them to the National Secretary to enable that officer to circulate them prior to a meeting. At the request of the National Secretary, the assistant may carry out additional duties.

Honorary Treasurer

The Honorary Treasurer shall open and maintain financial accounts for the handling and management of the Association's finances as the Executive Committee shall from time to time direct, and the mandates for the operation of such accounts shall be in accordance with such directions.

Shall keep the books of account and the financial records of the Association and in every year prepare a financial statement comprising an income and expenditure account to the 31 st

December of that year.

Professional examiners elected at the previous Annual General Meeting shall certify a balance sheet, as at that date, and such accounts shall be presented for adoption at the next Annual General

Meeting.

Present a report regarding the Association's finances at each Executive Committee meeting.

Honorary National Examination Secretary

The Honorary National Examination Secretary shall be responsible for the planning; co-ordination and delivery of agreed examination programmes as approved by the Executive Committee.

The duties shall include: i) The examination, re-examination and upgrading of Umpires & Potential Umpires. ii) The creation of examination programmes for the development of members. iii) Advising the Executive Committee on all matters pertaining to examination of both potential and existing members. iv) Presenting reports on examination matters at each Executive meeting and at each Annual

General Meeting, v) Maintaining close liaison with the Area Examiners and National Training Officer on all matters relating to the examination of potential umpires and all other pertinent matters.

Honorary National Training Officer

The Honorary National Training Officer shall be responsible for the planning, co-ordination and delivery of agreed training programmes as approved by the Executive Committee.

Duties shall include: i) The training and assessment of Umpires & Potential Umpires. ii) The creation of training and assessment programmes for the development of individual members. iii) Advising the Executive Committee on all matters pertaining to training and development of both potential and existing members.


Introduction & Constitution Procedures Document iv) Presenting reports on training matters at each Executive meeting and at each Annual General

Meeting, v) Maintaining close liaison with the Area Tutors and National Examination Secretary on all matters relating to the training of both potential umpires and those for re-grading and re-testing and all other pertinent matters. vi) Will ensure that the EBUA Policy on Protection of Children & Vulnerable persons is included in the regular training and upgrade courses.

Qualifications for all Training Officers and Examiners

Shall be an active National or International grade member.

Served at least five years at National grade or above.


Introduction & Constitution Procedures Document

PART 2

DUTIES OF OTHER E.B.U.A. OFFICIALS

Immediate Past Association Chairman

The Immediate Past Association Chairman shall serve upon the Executive Committee for one year past the Chair. The holding of any other office shall have no effect upon the above

Area Chairman

Is elected annually at the Area AGM and will conduct the Area Annual General Meeting.

In the absence of an Area Secretary, will nominate another member to take over as temporary Area

Secretary until the next area AGM.

Area Secretary i) Is elected annually at the Area AGM ii) Shall represent the Area at all Executive Committee meetings. iii) Is responsible for the day-to-day running of the Area on matters related to umpiring. iv) Will appoint suitably qualified umpires to events where an official request has been made. v) Will recommend to the National Secretary, suitably qualified umpires for selected National and/or International events. vi) Will aid in the development of umpires by giving them more appropriate appointments as their abilities and experience progress. vii) Will liaise in the appointments of Area Examiners and Area Tutors & their assistants. viii) Will appoint County Co-ordinators following consultation with full members within the county concerned. ix) Is responsible for communicating to the Area membership on relevant issues from the National

Secretary and/or National Executive meetings. x) Shall liaise with the Area Tutor and Area Examiner to establish suitable training and examination times and places for potential umpires, retests and upgrades. xi) Shall liaise with National and Regional bodies in conjunction with the National Secretary where appropriate. xii) Will encourage the recruitment of suitable persons for training to become umpires.

County Coordinator

Is responsible for appointing umpires to local, inter club and intra county matches following an official request.

Will liaise as necessary with the Area Secretary on the development of all umpires.

Will act as communication link between the Area Secretary and the county where appropriate.

Reports to the appropriate Area Secretary.



Area Tutor

Is responsible for: i) Implementing the training programmes within the Area as laid down by the National Training

Officer. ii) Maintaining close liaison with the National Training Officer and the Area Secretary in the appointment of suitable assistants. iii) Maintaining close liaison with the Area Examiner on all matters relating to the teaching of potential umpires, the assessment and re-grading of members and all other pertinent matters.

Area Examiner

Is responsible for: i) Implementing the examination programmes within the Area as laid down by the National

Examination Secretary. ii) Maintaining close liaison with the National Examination Secretary and the Area Secretary in the appointment of suitable assistants. iii) Maintaining close liaison with the Area Tutor on all matters relating to the examination and training of potential umpires, the assessment and re-grading of members and all other pertinent matters.

Each Area Examiner shall have assistants in proportion to the number of members in each area, subject to the approval of the National Examination Secretary.

The National Executive shall approve the appointments of Area Tutors and Area Examiners.

The following posts are non executive and report to the nominated Executive Officer.

Child Protection Officer i) Reports to the National Secretary. ii) Is appointed by the National Executive and is normally a member of the executive although the post is non executive. iii) Will advise the National Secretary on all Children & Vulnerable Adult issues as they affect members of the EBUA. iv) Will be the point of contact for any member seeking advice on child protection issues. v) Will maintain the EBUA policy document on Children & Vulnerable Persons.

Merchandising Officer i) Reports to the National Treasurer. ii) Using guidelines issued by the National Treasurer, is responsible for the ordering, promotion & sales of bowls related equipment, mainly to members, at a profit. iii) Will maintain a set of accounts for presentation by the Treasurer at Executive Meetings & the

AGM.

Training Administration Officer i) Reports to the National Training Officer. ii) Is the conduit through which all initial enquiries from potential umpires are routed. iii) Will receive completed Form “A” (combined initial request to become an umpire and Voluntary

Disclosure form) - incomplete forms will be returned.


Introduction & Constitution Procedures Document iv) If the voluntary disclosure form indicates a past conviction, it shall be passed to the National

Training Officer for action. Any decision following this will be in writing, with copy to the

National Secretary. v) On receipt of a satisfactorily completed Form "A" and the appropriate fee, will send a prepared questionnaire to the potential umpire. vi) Will mark the returned questionnaire papers and notify the candidate of the result. vii) Will pass relevant details of the successful candidates to the appropriate Area Secretary (or other deputised person).

Webmaster

The Executive shall authorise a website to be installed for the Advancement and Implementation of the Aims of the Association and to improve communication within the Association.

A Webmaster will be appointed to maintain the website reporting to the National Secretary.

Amongst the subject matter there shall be sections covering: i) The structure of the Association and its objectives. ii) Recruitment and Training procedure. iii) Examination Matters. iv) A discussion group inviting questions from members and other interested parties on the

Association and Laws of the Game interpretation. v) Any other authorised matter that promotes the interests of the Association. vi) Communication to members via the web site on matters of general interest and concern.

A panel of Executive Committee members shall be appointed, normally consisting of the Secretary,

Examination and Training Officers and one other, nominated by the National Executive, for the purpose of answering any questions submitted.



PART 3

MEMBERSHIP

No person shall become a member of the Association unless they have: i) Completed the approved form of application including voluntary disclosure, meeting with the qualifications required and paid the examination fee. ii) Attended a recommended course of instruction with an approved tutor. iii) Qualified by an approved examination. iv) Paid all necessary dues to the Association.

All applicants shall authorise the Association to seek information from whatever source regarding their suitability for membership.

Should a member wish to become Non-Active they shall inform the Area Secretary. Membership of the

Association may be retained by payment of all subscriptions due.

No member shall be entitled to derive, or otherwise receive, any income except legitimate expenses for duties in the administration of The Association or for officiating at a match, competition or tournament.

The Association keeps membership details and examination records on an electronic database. This information will be used solely for the use of the E.B.U.A. and the National Governing bodies.

Such information will not be transmitted to any other party or organisation without the express written permission of the member concerned.

Copies of data held on a member can be obtained solely by that member from the National and/or

Area Secretary by sending a written request together with a stamped & addressed A4 envelope for return.

Duties of an Umpire

A newly qualified Umpire (County Grade) will be expected to: i) Carry out such Umpiring and Marking activities at any venue within their County in line with the

E.B.U.A. training received and the relevant Rules of Competition on request from either the

County Co-ordinator, the Area Secretary or the National Secretary. ii) Be prepared to travel to other Counties within the Area on request from either the County Coordinator or the Area Secretary to assist where sufficient local Umpires are unavailable or for personal development. iii) Ensure that they have a measuring kit which will enable them to cope competently with any measuring condition which may be encountered. iv) Maintain awareness of the current Laws of the Sport and their interpretation and be prepared to advise & give guidance on them as required. v) Liaise with either the County Co-ordinator or the Area Secretary and prepare reports on incidents which need escalating to the appropriate authority. vi) Liaise with either the County Co-ordinator or the Area Secretary on unusual incidents. vii) Remember that at all times that they are representing the E.B.U.A. and act and dress accordingly. viii) Be prepared for re-examination including attendance at a training seminar every four years. ix) Umpire matches up to and including National Quarter Finals, commensurate with experience.



A National or International Umpire will be expected in addition to the duties listed above: i) Be prepared to travel to any part of the U.K. (Internationals - any part of the world) on request from the Area Secretary or National Secretary to act as an E.B.U.A. representative. ii) Be prepared to assist in the development and improvement of other Umpires. iii) Umpire any match at all levels.

Qualifications and procedure relating to membership grading

The National Training Officer shall define the teaching procedures and the National Examination

Secretary shall define the examination procedures, for test, re-test and upgrading of umpires.

The Area Tutors and the Area Examiners will implement these procedures.

A new umpire upon becoming a member of the Association shall qualify as a County Grade Umpire entitled to officiate at Club Competitions, Local Tournaments and Intra County Competitions.

At the discretion of the Area Secretary, they may be used as a Marker and/or assist a National or

International Grade umpire at other selected inter county or National events.

A potential member at their initial examination and not having a full umpire's kit may, on request, use other kit that is available.

An umpire for retest or upgrade will be expected to use their own kit throughout the examination.

A member may apply to be re-classified as a National grade member upon acquiring the qualification of the minimum period of experience in County grade. Normally this is a period of at least two years.

A member who has qualified by examination as a National Grade Umpire shall be qualified to officiate at all Competitions, excluding International Matches.

A National Grade umpire, with experience of National Competitions at quarter-final level or above, may be considered for International grade by a panel elected from the Executive Committee.

All members shall attend an examination to re-qualify on expiration of a period as determined by the

Executive Committee.

This is at present set as four years from the end of the year of the previous examination for each grade with a six-month extension to allow for examination date variances.

Members shall have attended a training course prior to a test, re-test or an upgrade.

An umpire who has allowed his certification to lapse for more than twelve months shall commence the programme as a new umpire and will pay the full examination fee.

A member not successfully taking a re-test examination by the appropriate time shall become Non-

Active until such time as they have successfully completed a course of instruction and been successful at the subsequent examination.

A National or International umpire, who fails a retest, may, at the discretion of the National

Examination Secretary, continue to work as a county grade umpire, but will need to go through the upgrade process to return to his former grade.

Any member failing a re-grading examination will continue to be an active County grade member until the expiration of their current certificate, when they can either continue with a county grade test or request a further upgrade assessment.

They may apply for re-examination on the section failed, at the discretion of the Area Examiner, within twelve months of the examination.

Should they apply for re-classification after the expiration of twelve months from the date of the failed examination they shall take all parts of the examination.

All members failing to respond to two invitations for the re-test examination will be placed on the Non-

Active list but may apply for re-examination to requalify.



PART 4

ADMINISTRATION

Meetings

The Executive Committee shall normally meet at least twice a year at a venue and date agreed at the termination of the previous meeting.

The meeting may be constructed using available technology, not requiring members to be at the same venue.

These meetings shall normally take place on the second Sunday in March and the first Sunday in

November each year.

The Annual General Meeting shall normally be held on the last Sunday in April, on the day immediately following the E.I.B.A. AGM for the convenience of members.

A meeting may also be held at the conclusion of the Annual General Meeting at which the agenda will deal specifically with matters raised at the Annual General Meeting, plus any other business considered by the Chairman to be of sufficient urgency to warrant inclusion. This meeting will not qualify for travel expenses.

Minutes of all Committee and Sub Committee meetings shall be circulated to all members of that committee and to all National Executive members within 15 working days of that meeting.

Where practicable, such minutes should define who is actioning each item and the expected action completion date.

Elected Posts

All candidates for elected posts at either National or Area level within the E.B.U.A. shall be proposed and seconded in writing or by electronic mail by full members of the Association. All nominees shall consent to the nomination prior to the proposal being made.

The appropriate Secretary shall receive all such correspondence by the due date

For the National posts this shall be received by the National Secretary no later than 31st January prior to the AGM.

For Area posts this shall be received by the National or Area Secretary at least one calendar month ahead of the date of the election.

Should no such nomination be received by the due date, the Executive Committee shall be empowered to nominate a suitable candidate.

Most posts, both National and Area and whether elected or appointed, are for a maximum term of one year and will terminate at the appropriate AGM.

The holder of any post except Immediate Past Chairman may seek re-election or re-appointment for a further period in office.

Standing Sub-Committees

The Executive Committee shall establish appropriate Sub Committees, the duty of which will be to examine at intervals all aspects of the activities of the EBUA, with a view to the maintenance and improvement of standards

All sub committees shall meet at least once per year. Minutes of each meeting shall be taken and circulated (see MEETINGS above).

The Chairmen of Sub-Committees shall report at each Executive Committee meeting upon the work carried out by the individual committee to date.



International Selection Panel

The Executive Committee shall establish an International Selection Panel for the selection of members considered suitable to officiate at matches or competitions.

The panel shall consist of three members of the executive from three different areas - refer to executive minutes for current panel. Members of this panel will not be considered for selection.

They shall select for matches designated as International status by the National Governing bodies and include all junior and senior international matches between two countries as well as qualifying matches between countries for the world championships. For this purpose, the Channel Islands shall be considered as another country.

To qualify for an International flash, the appointments must be EBUA approved prior to the event taking place.

Persons appointed purely as Markers at an International event will not qualify for an International flash, nor will persons appointed to umpire International trials.

Disciplinary & Appeals

Where necessary, upon any dispute or complaint arising between members of the Association and any Association or Club affiliated to the National Governing Bodies or other members of the

Association in accordance with the Constitution, the following processes will apply: i) Where practicable, the Area Secretary will resolve the dispute or complaint. ii) If the dispute or complaint cannot be resolved by the Area Secretary, the Chairman shall create a Disciplinary Sub Committee of not less than three disinterested members to investigate and resolve such dispute or complaint. iii) The decision in all cases shall be notified to each party and the National Secretary in writing.

All statements, including those referring to the dispute and/or complaint, supporting statements and those of the Area Secretary and/or Disciplinary Sub Committee shall be in writing, with copies to the

National Secretary.

The decision may include suspension (suspending a member from the Association for a defined period of time) or expulsion (expelling a member from the Association for an indefinite period of time)

The member will have right to appeal this decision to the full Executive whose decision shall be final.


Introduction & Constitution Protecting Children & the Vulnerable

Protecting Children & the Vulnerable

Policy of the English Bowls Umpires Association

Introduction & Policy Statement

The English Bowls Umpires Association (hereafter referred to as the EBUA) recognises its responsibilities to establish policies which promote and encourage their members to adopt the highest possible standards of care towards children and vulnerable people participating in the Sport of Bowls.

The EBUA believes that everyone has a duty of care, both legally and morally, towards children and vulnerable people with whom they have contact, and to safeguard and protect them from abuse.

Both qualified Umpires and umpires under training need to be informed about and be able to recognise the different forms of abuse. They should also know what precautions or steps should be taken for its prevention and what action to take if an incident occurs.

The aim of this document is to establish the EBUA policy on the protection of children and vulnerable persons and to provide guidelines to assist umpires to understand and fulfil their obligations within the context of umpiring the Sport of Bowls.

It generally follows recommendations published by the Home Office, National Society for the

Prevention of Cruelty to Children, Sport England and other concerned bodies.

Additionally, it follows the recommendations of the National Joint Policy of the English Bowling

Association, the English Indoor Bowling Association, the English Women's Bowling Association & the

English Women's Indoor Bowling Association.

It is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to all aspects of protecting children and the vulnerable but is a summary of those elements which are considered relevant to the umpire’s role within the Sport of Bowls.

Where the term “child” or “children” appear in this document, it is assumed to include “vulnerable people”

The EBUA will appoint a Child Protection Officer (C.P.O.) to give guidance to the EBUA executive on issues concerning children and vulnerable persons and advise on appropriate action. It is the responsibility of the EBUA executive to act appropriately on this advice.

The Child Protection Officer will also investigate, or cause to be investigated, all complaints in this area where EBUA members are involved.

Principles

The following principles form the basis of the policy and the guidelines contained within this document:

•

The welfare of the child is paramount.

•

Each child, irrespective of age, gender, religion, race or disability has the right to protection from abuse.

•

Allegations and suspicions of abuse will be taken seriously and responded to swiftly and appropriately.

•

Each child has the right to be safe and to be treated with respect and dignity.

•

Umpires shall have recourse to any allegations made against them

English Bowls Umpires Association Training Manual Issue Date April 2006


What is Child Abuse?

The term child abuse is used to describe ways in which children are harmed, usually by adults, often by people they know and trust. Both boys and girls are at risk of abuse and to the damage which it does to their physical &/or mental health.

Child abuse can take many forms and may occur within or outside the family, at school, &/or within a social or sporting environment.

Forms of abuse

Sexual molestation is the most widely publicised form of abuse, but is not the only way in which children are harmed. Physical and emotional abuse, as well as neglect, makes up the four main recognised categories of abuse.

Use of Photographs

A potential risk to children is the inappropriate use of photographs or images.

•

Never use a photograph containing images of children without the written approval of the parents or guardians.

•

If the athlete is named, avoid using the photograph.

•

If the photograph is used, avoid naming the athlete.

•

Always seek the approval of the athlete before using their image. This ensures that they are aware of the way their image is to be used to represent the sport.

Recognition of abuse

A situation where child abuse has occurred or may occur is not easy to recognise, even by those experienced in this field. It is acknowledged that umpires and the general bowling fraternity are not experts at such recognition.

It is not their responsibility to decide whether abuse is occurring but they are expected to be vigilant and act on any concerns by being prepared to report and discuss any concerns about a child’s welfare with the appropriate persons.

Known indicators of abuse which an umpire may meet include:

•

Something a child says

•

Unexplained or suspicious bruising or injuries

•

Sexually explicit language or behaviour

Acting on something a child says

If a child says or indicates that he/she is being abused, it is important that the person receiving the information stays calm so that they can:

•

Ensure that the child is, and feels, safe

•

Tell and show the child that what they are saying is being treated seriously

•

Reassure the child that he/she is not to blame.

•

Be honest and explain that it will be necessary to tell someone else.

•

Obtain medical help if the child needs immediate attention.

•

Write a full report of what the child has said as soon as possible after the event, with copies to the appropriate Child Protection Officer or Club Secretary and the EBUA C.P.O.

•

Maintain confidentiality and only tell others if it will protect the child



On no account should that person rush into actions that may be inappropriate, nor make promises that are unlikely to be kept, nor should they ever take sole responsibility; they should consult the C.P.O. or

Club Secretary so that they can begin to protect the child and gain support for themselves.

If the C.P.O. or Club Secretary is not available, advice can be obtained in confidence by telephoning the 24 hour NSPCC free phone helpline: 0800 800 500

Bullying

Although falling under one or more of the main forms of abuse, the frequency with which bullying occurs amongst children and within peer groups can lead to it being overlooked and not immediately recognised as bullying.

Bullying behaviour may be:

•

Physical - involving violence. E.g. hitting, kicking or other unwelcome contact.

•

Verbal – threats, tormenting, name-calling, racist remarks etc.

•

Emotional – exclusion from activities, teasing, persistent rumours

But whatever form it takes, there are recognisable common features:

•

The bully is always stronger and more powerful than the victim

•

There is deliberate hostility and aggression towards the victim

•

The victim suffers pain &/or distress.

Volunteer Personal Disclosure & References

Anybody may have potential to abuse children in some way and it is essential that all reasonable steps are taken to ensure that unsuitable people are not allowed to become umpires which would inevitably allow them to work with any children, albeit remotely.

It is therefore important that checks are made as to the suitability of those volunteering to become umpires and hence become involved with children and they should be asked to complete a voluntary disclosure form. This form, together with any references, should be considered confidential and retained securely by the EBUA Secretary.

This form should be destroyed when the person is no longer a member of the EBUA



Good Practice

Being involved with children puts people in a position of trust, where they are contributing to the child’s education. Their behaviour and attitude may be copied and repeated away from the club.

For their own protection, adults must not allow themselves to be drawn into any act or behaviour which is capable of being misunderstood, or which they may, on reflection, be ashamed.

ALWAYS

•

Provide an example you wish to be followed.

•

Treat everyone with respect.

•

Respect a child’s right to personal privacy.

•

Recognise that someone else may misinterpret your actions, no matter how well intentioned.

•

Exercise caution, especially in sensitive times of counselling.

•

Report any concerns that you may have about a child.

NEVER

•

Spend time alone with children, away from others. Ensure another adult is present.

•

Take children alone in a car on journeys, however short.

•

Take children to your home.

•

Allow ridiculing or bullying by peers or team colleagues etc.

•

Make suggestive remarks or gestures

•

Show favouritism to any individual or team.

•

Jump to conclusions about others without checking facts.

•

Try to investigate any concerns personally

•

Rely on your “good name” to protect you

•

Believe that “it could never happen to me!”

They should make it a rule not to engage in or allow:

•

Horseplay, or rough, physical or sexually provocative games.

•

Inappropriate touching of any form

•

The use of inappropriate language unchallenged

•

Sexually suggestive comments, even in fun

•

Do things of a personal nature which the child can do for itself.

•

Allegations a child makes to go unchallenged or unrecorded.

In the event that a child is accidentally hurt, the incident should be reported as soon as possible to the

Club/County Secretary and an accident report completed.

Similarly, any occasion that the child seems distressed or misunderstands or misinterprets something that has been done should be reported.


Training & Development

TRAINING &

DEVELOPMENT


Training & Development

ROUTE OF PROGRESSION

Courses & Examination

Continual Assessment

INTERNATIONAL BY

SELECTION

National Grade

Middleton Cup

Liberty Trophy

National

Championships

Upgrade

Examination

Practical Seminar

Written Theory Paper

Measuring tests

Oral questions

Continual Assessment County Grade

Club and County

Competitions

Qualification Assessment

Measuring tests

Oral questions

Practical assessment

Practical Seminar

Two-day input of practical umpiring

Theory Paper

Questions to answer at your leisure using any reference material

Application

Completion of Form

“A” and Payment


Training & Development Courses & Examination

Training & Development Courses

The structure of the training and development course is split into three separate sections: -

1. Theory test paper

2. Practical Seminar

3. Practical and oral assessment

A similar structure for upgrading from County grade to National grade is further enhanced by experience and continued assessment.

Our courses are designed to aid you through this process, supported by this

“National Training Manual” and our highly experienced team of Tutors. Throughout all aspects of training the tutors will provide an essential point of reference and support to any questions or difficulties encountered.

As you explore this manual, you will find that it is broken up into various sections, including: -

•

Measuring for Umpires – with examples and guidance of the best tool to use

•

Duties of an Umpire

•

Marking Techniques

•

Route of progression

•

Umpires and Markers equipment

•

Easy reference measurement exercise sheets

•

The “Laws of the Sport of Bowls” (by kind permission of World Bowls)

The Laws have been sub-divided for ease of reference and teaching into three groups:-

Group One Basically data based laws that are straightforward and invite very little debate. These are the laws that you would rarely refer to when on duty

Group Two Laws that will, without doubt, need clarification and invite debate. These are the laws that you need to know when on duty.

Group Three Appendices, diagrams and Domestic Regulations

A great deal of thought has gone into the division of these laws and everybody will have views as to whether they have been categorised into the right groups. The process has been done not only for the ease of learning but also to establish a more understandable base for “practical umpiring”.


Training & Development Courses & Examination

The Theory Questions

Stage one of the National Training Course for potential Umpires involves answering theory questions on the Laws of the Sport of Bowls. Candidates have as much time to complete the paper as they wish.

The expectation is that candidates will use whatever reference material is available in order to reach an informed answer. It will encourage them to read the Laws of the Sport but they will also find that there are occasions when they may have to seek advice from elsewhere.

A pass rate of 95% is required for this Stage. Armed with the knowledge gained from these questions the candidate will progress to the Practical stage of the course, where these Laws will be applied in more practical situations.

Upgrade Examination Questions

Umpires wishing to Upgrade from County Grade to National Grade are required to complete an additional Theory Examination paper prior to attending a practical seminar.

This again can be taken at leisure but the questions will naturally be more taxing and will demand more detailed answers.

Qualification Assessment

Our training ethos is based on the practical application of umpiring. Whilst acknowledging that all umpires have to be well versed in the theory of the Laws of the Sport of Bowls, an umpire will stand or fall on their performance during a match. In order to evaluate practical competence the course assessment process is the measure of ability when performing the measuring exercises.

During the assessment, candidates will be expected to complete at least 12 of the exercises described in this manual. Marks will be awarded for confidence, ability and accuracy during the exercise.

The assessment will be carried out during the practical session of the course. The Examiner and additional helpers will be available for those measures requiring assistance.

Candidates will be expected to describe their actions and mention any additional observations they may make before carrying out the exercise. For example you might want to check with the examiner that any bowls in the ditch are in fact live just as you would if asked to make a decision during a game.

It is reasonable to expect a higher degree of competence as an umpire moves up the route of progression. As an example - exercises may be made more complicated by the introduction of obstructing bowls or outside influences for Upgrade candidates - in order to assess confidence in reaching a decision. It is however recognised that a brand new candidate could be challenged with the most taxing situation during their very first appointment – our system is designed to prepare all candidates to meet and absorb this challenge with confidence.


Umpiring and Marking

UMPIRING

AND

MARKING


Umpiring and Marking

Duties of an Umpire

Be familiar with Law 56 - “The umpire’s duties”

Arrival at Venue

Duties of an Umpire

Always arrive at the venue at least an hour before the match is due to start.

Remember that when you attend an appointment, you are an official Umpire and it is important that you always wear your umpiring uniform if you have one.

Ensure your uniform fits and is loose enough to allow you to bend to centre the jack or measure. If you look smart you will work smart.

If you wear a white or coloured top, whilst marking club matches for example, get one with an association badge on it so that you look the part at all times.

Introductions

Introduce yourself to the officials from the Governing Body as soon as you arrive.

Let them know that you would like to go ahead and measure the green but will then be available to conduct the draw and oversee the toss for start of play.

Make sure you find out who the team managers are (if present) and introduce yourself to them.

Measuring the Green

Measure the rinks, the 2 metre markers if placed, and the 25 metre markers.

Make sure the side rink markers and centre rink markers are in place.

When working on Indoor greens remember that “T” markings and centre line dots will need checking.

Check the ditches and banks to see that they are the correct depth, width and height and are free from injurious objects.

Make sure the mats, measuring sticks and bowl / jack markers are at each end of the rinks.

If you find anything wrong that you cannot fix, report it to the Governing Body and/or the club.

Checking the Bowls

Ask the players to bring their bowls to the green, usually the end the game starts from, so you can carry out your checks.

Ensure you are familiar with the stamping requirements of the competition you are officiating at before your arrival.

The bowls should all come from the same set, have a current date stamp, and only one sticker on each side.

If you find a date stamp you can hardly read (you often will) draw the bowler’s attention to it and suggest he/she considers getting the bowls retested.


Umpiring and Marking Duties of an Umpire

A good method to adopt when your checks are complete is to place the bowls on the green in groups of eight bowls from each side on each rink; that way you can quickly tell if you have seen all the bowls (there is always one bowler who has difficulty in finding his/her way to the green with their bowls).

Working with another Umpire

Often there will be two Umpires. Introduce yourself to each other when you arrive.

Whilst one of you is checking the bowls, the other can supervise the draw for rinks and opponents.

With your fellow Umpire, establish what clock you both use if you are involved in a timed game.

“Tooling Up”

You will no doubt have your Umpires kit in a box or case.

It is best to carry most of what you require on your person and leave your box or case on the bank away from the area of play.

Items that you should be able to carry in your pockets comfortably are a normal measure, a bullet type measure for ditch measurements, callipers, feeler gauges and wedges, and it is a good idea to have a cloth on which to kneel on outdoors.

A long tape, to use if the length of a jack or bowl is queried, and a long line for any boundary queries or an extra long measure, can be carried in a small bag. If they are not needed when you are called onto the green leave them on the bank.

You will rarely need a Set Square; this is best kept in your box/case and return for it as required.

The Game

Trial ends are a good opportunity to observe any potential foot-faulting problems, stand at the side of the green to get a better view of each player.

Whilst the game is in progress, keep alert and be aware of everything that is going on so that if you are asked to give a decision you will hopefully have seen what the problem is and not have to rely on what you are told.

Do not sit down, you will lose your concentration and will miss a call.

If you are at a long game with only one or two rinks, use you’re commonsense ~ if you want to rest your legs, do so for a few minutes but stay alert.

You may notice the jack or bowl going to the side of a rink, move towards that rink in anticipation of being asked to check.

Watch the jack being delivered. If it looks short, be ready for a call to measure the length of the jack.

When asked to measure a jack length, make sure you know if it was the first cast or the second; you could end up throwing the jack back to the wrong end!!


Umpiring and Marking Duties of an Umpire

When officiating at singles competitions, work with the Markers as a team. Help them to clear the mat from the end of the rink if there is no danger of disturbing players on adjacent rinks.

Use them to help you with jack length measures, they take the fixed end to the mat.

When the rink has come to an end and the threes or the markers are measuring, move towards the rink so that if they cannot make a decision and call, “Umpire” you are close at hand.

Keep eye contact with your fellow Umpire in case you are both needed, develop a method of silent communication.

Measuring

When you go to measure, take a few seconds to assess the situation, what are you being asked to do?

Check with the players to make sure you know what is required.

Will any of the bowls need wedging?

Ask the threes, or opponents in singles, to take out any bowls not in contention, never take them out yourself.

If the players are standing over you, ask them to retire to the bank, and explain why.

Normally they will oblige and move away.

If there is a leaning bowl, or one standing on its running surface, wedge it before you start to measure.

When working with another Umpire and you need to do a shared measurement, make sure you know which of you will make the decision. A guide is, whoever is at the head end will make the decision.

Completing the Game

At the end of the game collect the scorecards as the rinks finish.

Make sure that the skips, opponents in singles and the Markers, have signed them, and then check the addition to see that the cards agree.

On the card, record the time the rink finished playing so that, in the event of an objection to bowls, you know when the 10 minutes are up.

After collecting all the cards, present them to the respective team captains or managers.


Umpiring and Marking The Principles of Marking

The Principles of Marking

Be familiar with Law 55 - “The marker’s duties”

The Marker is a crucial match official.

A good Marker will make a game whilst a bad Marker can ruin a game.

Marking is an “Art” and like all other arts will take time to master.

You will no doubt have been involved in marking club competitions or may already be an experienced marker at a higher level.

Whatever standard you are, our courses will aim to show you what is expected to mark at least a National Singles Final.

Your Appearance

The appearance and bearing of an EBUA Marker is important as it reflects on all EBUA officials.

Keep your jacket buttoned at all times, a flapping coat can disturb a head and will look untidy.

Ensure that your clothing is the right fit and looks smart without being too restrictive when you bend to measure or mark touchers.

Again, if you look smart you will work smart.

Introductions

On arrival at the venue, introduce yourself to the officials from the Governing Body, your fellow markers and the Umpires on duty.

If an Umpire has not been appointed, identify a competent third party to use in the event of a dispute.

Before commencing the game, introduce yourself to the players and out of courtesy indicate to them that you would like to centre the mat before they deliver the jack, you will mark touchers before the next bowl is delivered and finally would like permission to remove dead bowls from the ditch or green.



“Tooling Up”

Carry the minimum equipment on your person.

Normally you will only need chalk spray and/or chalk, a box measure, which should ideally be carried in a pocket, and four wedges. A pen or pencil is also essential for completing the scorecard (a pencil is better if it is raining).

A scorecard holder can be carried and can double up as a kneeling pad, but ensure it does not fall out of your pocket when you bend.

Do not carry items that could easily get displaced, e.g. small change mixed in with a handkerchief. A quick sneeze and there could be coins all over the green.

Wallets and purses should not be carried – lock them away.

Mobile phones should never be carried on the green. Switch them off and lock them away.

Ensure all necessary equipment (additional wedges, string measures, long tape, callipers etc.) is available and to hand, in order to maintain the flow of the game.

This is not necessary when an official Umpire is present.

Lollipops

Some events may require the use of “Lollipops”

They are used to indicate the state of play to spectators and players.

Ideally these should be used after two bowls have been delivered by each player and again at the completion of the end after the result of the end has been determined.

They should not be used to clarify a request from a player in control of the mat. You should answer the question directly.

Practise using lollipops so that you are comfortable holding them and using them.

Hold them vertically at head height and twist your hand 90 degrees so that spectators around the green can see them.

At the completion of the end, when the shots have been declared, walk swiftly and confidently up the green with the lollipops at head height, twisting your hand as you go

You will be shown how to use Lollipops during our courses.



The Game

After the mat has been centred and the jack delivered, centre the Jack with your hand, never your foot.

Don’t hesitate to verify a dubious length jack. It is the duty of the Marker to ensure the jack is delivered correctly. Check with the long tape if necessary.

Your position on the rink is important for two reasons; you should not obstruct a player’s view of any legal markers they may use on the bank, but you should also be in a position where you can view and act upon anything that happens in the head.

For these reasons, the ideal position is to stand approximately 2 metres to the rear (2 paces) and 1 metre to one side of the jack (See

Figure 4).

Also remember not to move when a player is on the mat ready to deliver his bowl.

Remain on the green at all times if possible.

If a jack goes in the ditch stand to one side of the green, not on the bank.

Mark all touchers as soon as they come to rest, preferably on both sides so that the bowl does not have to be picked up to be checked if moved from its original position.

Use the bowl and jack markers to show the players their position in the ditch.

Remember to remove the markers when the end is completed.

Ensure you are alert at all times and try to anticipate questions so that you have the answers ready.

When a bowl is on its way up the rink, take a discrete step forward and to the side of the head to check any distances and shot positions, taking care not to distract the players. You will then be ready for the next question without re-visiting the head.

Be accurate with your distances, if a bowl is 18 inches short do not call it 2 feet short, players will soon lose confidence in you.

Use Jack High or Jack Level as defined in the

Laws, but again be accurate, if the bowl is 1 inch past jack level then say so.

Only answer questions to the player in possession of the rink, remembering that possession of the rink passes to the opponent immediately after a bowl has come to rest, but allowing time for marking a toucher.

The Laws state that you should answer specific questions, e.g. “Am I holding shot?” -

“Yes”. Don’t answer questions that have not been asked! Equally, use common sense.



For example: “Am I holding shot?” the answer is, as already said, but if the player was holding two shots, you should say, “Yes, you are holding two”.

Similarly for distances: “Is my bowl jack high?”, “No – your bowl is 3 inches past jack high”

If you are unsure which is shot bowl, don’t be shy to call it a measure and don’t be led into making a decision. Depending on the rules of the competition, it is up to the players to visit the head to see the situation for themselves, if they wish to.

It is important to have an understanding of the questions the players are likely to ask and not to hold back information you know that they are looking for – you are their eyes at the Head.

Remember that players sometimes ask, “What is the position?” or make a hand signal. As a practitioner of the game of bowls it is anticipated that you will know the information the player is actually looking for.

It is acceptable for a marker to show a player the position of the Jack.

Move to the front of the head when a heavy bowl is delivered; you will be in a much better position to spot a toucher and to avoid moving objects (See Figure 6).

Make adjacent rinks aware of any imminent firing shot, and use them to contain bowls as necessary.

Be aware of adjacent rinks. A bowl from another rink disturbing what may be a critical head could be a disaster.

You have the right to stop any bowl or neutral object from another rink that is likely to disturb the head on your rink.

Never move any bowl except for a bowl declared “dead” – these should be removed before the next bowl is delivered.

Ensure the players are fully aware of the score during the game; a scoreboard will often be enough, but a passing score update will be appreciated.

Do not engage conversation with the players unless they want to.

Completion of the End

Keep out of the head while the participants decide the result (See Figure 5).

Ensure that only the conceding player removes the opponent’s bowls.

Both players should agree the result.

Under no circumstances shall a Marker move a bowl at the completion (real or perceived) of an end.

If you are asked to measure, ensure that you know which bowls you are being asked to measure, and request the players remove all bowls not in contention, from the head, where practicable.

Don’t measure unless asked.



Have wedges to hand if there is a leaning bowl that may be in the count, and wedge before measuring, remembering 30 seconds may elapse from the time the last bowl came to rest, if one of the players requests.

If a measure is too close for your tape or you cannot decide the shot, call the

Umpire.

Only indicate the bowl you believe is shot after completing your measure.

DO NOT move it as the players may wish to call an Umpire or a third party for confirmation.

If you need to call for an Umpire, try to indicate what equipment he/she will need as otherwise he may have to return for something, interrupting the flow.

Give the Umpire as much information as he/she needs about the shots conceded and what he/she is measuring.

Following the completion of an end, you have a number of important tasks to perform and this is where many Markers can cause problems with interrupting the flow of the game.

“Time Management” is the key to completing these tasks smoothly.

Time Management for Markers

The way a Marker uses his time during a game of singles can make a big difference to the way the game is played, and the overall performance of the Marker.

A Marker who is constantly rushing around or delaying players while writing the scorecard, moving around on the rink, moving the mat and turning the scoreboard, is unsightly and affects the player’s concentration.

Practice a routine that you can use in every game you mark.

You will soon appreciate that there is no need to rush around and your confidence to deal with the unexpected will improve.

During our courses you will be shown some typical time management techniques such as the best time to complete the scorecard and your position on the rink as the players agree the shots.



Scorecards

The scorecard is the official record of the game. It should therefore be completed with care.

Make yourself familiar with the layout of the card before the game starts; this is especially important for Sets Play scorecards as these can be confusing.

Use a scorecard holder if you are comfortable carrying them during a game, otherwise keep the card in a back trouser pocket or inside jacket pocket

Never have the scorecard poking out the top of an outside jacket pocket.

Ensure the players names are entered correctly on the card, do this when you introduce yourself to the players.

Be familiar with which side of the card, the colour of stickers and the side of the scoreboard that each player is on.

Complete the scorecard at the end of each end played. We will show you the best time to do this during the Time Management demonstrations.

Practise, Practise, Practise.

Set up bowls on a green and judge distances, checking them with a tape measure.

Set up bowls and measure, using all of your equipment including wedges.

Mark as many club games as you can to refine your time management techniques.

Most of all enjoy your marking; you will be rewarded for a good job!

Final Thoughts

You are part of the game; you have a very important job to do.

As an Umpire, your decisions will result in a win for one side and a loss for the other.

As a Marker, your actions will make or break a player’s game which may affect the result.

If all your decisions are made with confidence, the players will enjoy your company no matter what side they are on.

If you have the right attitude, you will do a good job and be respected by all at the game.


Measuring & Equipment

MEASURING

AND

EQUIPMENT


Measuring & Equipment The Umpire’s Kit

The Umpire’s Kit

An Umpire’s kit is as individual as the person who owns it; however, there are a number of basic items of equipment that should be present in every kit. Examples can be seen in the photos.

Additional gadgets, spare measures and odds and ends will be collected over time and this is why no two kits are identical. Basic kits are available to purchase from reputable suppliers and are a good starting block for new Umpires.

Your course tutor will show you these essential items and allow you to delve into his/her own personal kit. Do not be afraid to ask if there is an item that you do not recognise

Box String Measure

There are many different models on the market and you will use the measure that you feel most comfortable with. Metal

Tapes can be used but are not ideal. We recommend a

String Measure such as the one shown. These are suitable for measures of between 20cm and 3 metres. It is worth keeping two measures in your kit in case you need a spare.

Callipers

Spring Callipers are available in a range of sizes but the most suitable sizes for Umpires kits are 8 to 12 inch versions.

Ensure that you obtain the external versions. Good quality engineers Callipers will last a long time and are worth the extra investment. They can be used for measures of 2cm to

30cm. Avoid using the small Callipers attached to a String or

Tape measure, as they are difficult to control. Keep two or three different sizes.

Wedges

Wedges can be purchased from Bowls suppliers, made from off cuts of wood or made from Erasers. Rubber wedges have better holding power especially on indoor carpets. Aim to keep at least 4 wedges in your kit but you can never have too many. A set of small round rubber wedges and jack wedges are available and are excellent for awkward spaces.

30 metre tape

A nylon or metal long tape is essential for measuring rinks and jack lengths etc. A retractable 30m metal tape is commercially available and is one of the most popular types.

A nylon version is ideal in wet weather as it will not rust.


Measuring & Equipment The Umpire’s Kit

Long String

A simple string measure as shown is cheap and effective for measures up to 5 metres. A chalk plumb line can be purchased and the string substituted for fishing tracer or other non-stretchable cord. A string of at least 40 metres will double up as a boundary line if needed and will cope with the longest measure you are likely to encounter.

Set Square

A combination square containing a small level, as in the photo; will be ideal for the awkward occasions when jack or bowls are in the ditch. A Carpenters Set Square will be sufficient for most kits.

Feeler Gauges

A small set of feeler gauges will be sufficient for a basic

Umpires Kit. Remember that the largest width you can measure with feeler gauges must be greater than the smallest width you can measure with your Callipers. It is worth investing in good engineers set and looking after them.

Chalk

Always carry some chalk for checking Bowls and for marking touchers during singles.

A chalk puffer is recommended but be aware that some indoor clubs do not allow their use.

White Strips

Pieces of white card or plastic approximately 2cm x 15cm will be ideal for sliding under very close bowls before commencing a feeler gauge or close calliper measure.

Pen & Notepad

Pen and paper are essential for making notes, recording times etc.

Laws of the Sport and Competition Rules

Always carry your Law book in your case and don’t be frightened to use it to answer questions. You are not expected to learn the Laws of the Sport “parrot fashion” and it would be more embarrassing to quote a Law incorrectly than to refer to the book.

Also carry copies of the local competition rules; the current

National Handbook is often a good reference.


Measuring & Equipment The Marker’s Kit

The Marker’s Kit

As a Marker in a game of singles you will need some basic equipment. The type of equipment you carry will depend on whether an Umpire is present, as he/she will carry all the kit needed during a game, meaning you do not have to carry as much in your pockets.

The following are the basic items of equipment that you should carry as a Marker:

String Measure

Carry a small box string measure like the one shown in the photo above. Don’t forget that the players have the right to measure any shots and it will be useful if you have a measure they can use if needed.

Wedges

Always carry wedges when marking. You may be asked to secure any bowls that are leaning and you will need to wedge any bowls before you measure. It is also helpful to wedge bowls for the Umpire before he is called.

Chalk

A chalk puffer is recommended for marking touchers but be aware that some indoor clubs do not allow their use.

Card Holder & Pen

In order to keep the scorecard neatly, you may wish to carry a scorecard holder. Keep them in your inside pocket so they are not on show. They may also fall out of your outside pockets. Keep a pen and a spare just in case. If it is raining, it is a good idea to use a pencil.

Lollipops

You may be required to use Shot indicators or Lollipops, although you would not be expected to provide your own.

Coin

Keep a coin in your pocket for the toss at the start of the game.


Measuring & Equipment Tips for Measuring

Tips for Measuring

It is unlikely you will be called to give a decision unless it is a difficult one, a close one or a very long one. Therefore you have to be confident in your own ability to do the job asked of you. Show the players that you are competent because on your decision one team will lose and the other win. No one will fault you if you prove to be capable and show it.

The following tips and procedures should be used whenever you are asked to carry out a measure either as an Umpire or as a Marker.

General Procedures for Conducting a Measure

•

Make sure both sides want the Umpire. It could be that one Third called but the other wanted his skip to measure first.

•

Make sure you know what it is you have been called for, which bowls you have to measure. ASK the question.

•

Ask for bowls not in question to be cleared from the head.

•

Wedge bowls; don’t be afraid to use plenty. Bowls can fall or be pushed in any direction. Once you know bowls are secure, you will measure with confidence.

•

Make yourself comfortable and steady before starting the measure

•

Where the measure is close i.e. when using feeler gauges, place white strips of card or plastic on the ground below the points of contact of the measure to improve visibility.

•

Do not waggle the pointer or touch the bowl if it does not pass it.

•

Do not move the bowl(s) or jack whilst measuring

•

Recheck the first measurement to ensure that your measurement is correct.

When sure, carefully remove the bowl that you have decided is shot.

•

If the bowl to be measured is obstructed by another bowl leaning on it, carefully remove the obstructing bowl after carefully wedging the leaning bowl.

•

NEVER put your foot, knee or hand in the ditch.


Measuring & Equipment Tips for Measuring

Tips for Umpires

The following tips should be read in conjunction with the General Procedures for

Conducting Measures.

•

Never run or hurry, take your time.

•

Make sure your tools are close at hand. If you walk round the green, take your tools with you.

•

Don’t walk across the green, always around the path to the rink that called you.

•

Be aware of players on the mat so you do not disturb them.

•

Check if any bowls have already been counted and ensure opponents agree on that amount.

•

Carry a clean duster on which to kneel when outdoors

•

For a measurement that requires assistance, you can use whomever you like.

It is better to use a neutral person if possible. If you are working with another

Umpire always use them. Give positive instructions to players or non-umpires on the use of the equipment and what you expect them to do. Make sure your assistant holds the fixed end at the jack and you take the decision end to the bowl.

•

Collect your tools and move to the bank, confident of your judgement. Do not discuss the matter or pass comment.

•

Always carry your Law Book.

•

If you have a boundary line decision, make sure the line is straight.

Tips for Markers

The following tips should be read in conjunction with the General Procedures for

Conducting Measures.

•

If it looks like a measure is required, wait at the head for the players to take a look.

•

Let the players make the decisions; do not suggest anything to them but get confirmation of the number of shots declared.

•

Remember the 30 second rule and apply if it necessary.

•

Players may wish to measure themselves; lend them your measure if they need one.

•

Do not attempt measures of less that 15cm, call the Umpire to use callipers.

•

Let the players see your decision, and let them decide to concede the shots.

•

NEVER turn out bowls that you deem to be shot. The players can ask for an

Umpire

•

Call the Umpire if it is too close for you to make an immediate decision.


Measuring & Equipment Equipment for Exercises

Equipment used in Measuring Exercises

Bowl lying down

Jack

Bowl standing up

Box Measure Callipers

Wedges White strip

Long string 30 metre tape

Feeler gauge Set square


Measuring & Equipment Measuring Exercises

Description

Measuring Exercises

Set Up Procedure

1. Standard Measure

2. Calliper Measure

3. Feeler Gauge Measure

4. Two second bowls resting on shot bowl

Place bowls at an angle to each other approximately 80 cm from Jack. One bowl to be tilted.

Place bowls approximately 10 to 15 cm from the

Jack. Introduce a third bowl for increased difficulty.

Set bowls as close to the jack as possible, without touching, preferably with one bowl tilted.

Ensure bowls are placed so as to prevent direct measure between one or both of the second bowls.

Jack to be almost touching the shot bowl.

5. Bowl placed on Boundary line Set up bowl to be just over the boundary line. No string in place.

6. Arm’s length measure Place bowls approximately 120 to 180 cm from the jack

7. Toucher and Jack in ditch with bowl on green overhanging ditch

Place toucher and jack in the ditch 50mm apart and close to the edge of the rink. Place opposing bowl on the rink, overhanging the ditch 50mm from jack

8. Toucher, non-toucher and jack in ditch with bowl on the green

9. Last bowl of end played. Two bowls on boundary line equidistant from jack. One bowl resting on dead bowl

10. Jack driven in ditch with a measure a long distance up the green

11. Challenged Jack Length

Set bowls approximately 2 to 3 metres from the jack. Jack and toucher in the ditch and opposing bowl on rink. Introduce an obstructing bowl for difficulty.

Place bowls so that resting bowl will fall out of play when dead bowl is removed. To increase difficulty, dead bowl can be marked as a toucher.

Place jack in the ditch and two opposing bowls on the rink at least 4 metres from the ditch.

Place mat line less than 2 metres from the rear ditch and place Jack just over 23 metres from mat and 15 cm off centre

12. Bowl length challenged

13. Rebounded Jack

Set bowl less than 14 metres from the mat line to one side of the rink

Place Jack less just over 20 metres from mat line and close to boundary line.

14. Jack in ditch on boundary line. Place Jack on the boundary line in the ditch

15. Two bowls on boundary line obscuring a jack between them.

Set 2 bowls and jack on boundary line about 6 cm apart. Introduce third bowl blocking the jack for increased difficulty


8 14

10

6

5

13

4

12

3

15

2

1

MEASURING EXERCISES


EXERCISE 1

Standard measure between two or more bowls

The box string measure is suitable for measures of more than 15cm between two or more opposing bowls. Only the length of the string limits the maximum distance.

An alternative method is described for using a Telescopic Measure.

Procedure:

•

Ensure you follow the General Procedures for Conducting a Measure and the Tips for

Umpires and Markers

•

Place the fixed pointer of the measure against the jack, with the string extended a short distance, facing the bowl to be measured.

•

Ensure the measure is in a straight line between the jack and object bowl.

•

Hold down the release button and carefully extend the string until the tip of the pointer just touches the bowl.

•

Release the lock on the measure and check that the measurement is straight and accurate before moving to the next bowl.

•

Without altering the setting of the measure, move the measure so that the fixed pointer is against the jack and the measure is pointing towards the second bowl to be measured.

•

Extend the string and check the measure against the second bowl by passing the pointer down from the top to the bottom and from side to side.

EXERCISE 2

Calliper measure

A close measure between two or more opposing bowls.

This procedure will also be used in Exercises 4 and 7.

Procedure:

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Kneel on the green and set the Callipers at a distance that seems appropriate to the distance to be measured. Start with the Callipers set at a distance that is less than the distance to be measured.

•

Steady the hands by resting them on the green and move the Callipers from the top to the bottom between the jack and bowl. As the bowl is the heavier object and less in danger of moving initial contact is made with the bowl and not the jack.

•

Remove the Callipers from between the bowl and jack to make any adjustment well away from the bowls and jack to avoid movement.

•

Open the Callipers gradually and repeat until bare contact is made with both bowl and jack.

•

Without disturbing the setting, move to the second bowl and pass the callipers through the gap from top to bottom; if they do not pass through, do not force them. Again use the bowl as the fixed point.

•

Remember, the measure is made from the closest points on the bowl and jack so the

Callipers must be on an incline.


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EXERCISE 1

A measure between two or more bowls.

EXERCISE 2

A close measure between two or more bowls.


EXERCISE 3

Feeler Gauge measure

Measuring Exercises

A very close measure between two opposing bowls

Rarely will you use the feeler gauge but it is important that you practice and are competent with the tools as your nervousness will be more evident when using them.

Procedure:

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Place a strip of white card or plastic on the green under each bowl and the jack to improve visibility.

•

Choose a selection of gauges that seem appropriate to the measure to be made. Start with a selection that has a combined thickness less than the distance to be measured.

•

Steady both hands on the green.

•

Carefully pass the gauge down between the first bowl to be measured and the jack using the bowl as a firm object and with the flat surface of the gauge facing the bowl and the jack. Do not slide them down the jack. Do not force the feeler gauge between the bowl and the jack.

•

The feeler gauge is on an angle to allow for the nearest point of the jack and bowl being at different heights.

•

If the gauge does not pass between the bowl and the jack, do not force them, reduce the gauge and reduce the thickness and try again.

•

If the gauge passes between the bowl and the jack, remove the gauge and increase its thickness and repeat the above steps until there is bare contact with the bowl and jack.

•

Without disturbing the setting of the gauge, move to the next bowl and try the gauge through the gap between the bowl and jack.

•

Always return to the original bowl to recheck your measurements.

EXERCISE 4

Two second bowls resting on a shot bowl

A measure between two opposing second bowls, one of which is leaning and blocked by the shot bowl. This exercise is designed to ensure you can secure leaning bowls before commencing the measure.

Procedure:

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Use plenty of wedges and push them under the leaning bowls carefully but firmly.

•

If the Jack is touching the shot bowl it is acceptable to carefully wedge the Jack.

•

When you are confident the bowls are secure, carefully try to remove the obstructing bowl by lifting it carefully over the bowls from behind using both hands. If anything moves, stop and re-secure.

•

Once you have removed the obstructing bowl you can confidently continue with the measure using the procedures described in other exercises.


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EXERCISE 3

A very close measure between two opposing bowls.

EXERCISE 4

Two second bowls resting on a shot bowl.


EXERCISE 5

Boundary bowl and / or jack

Measuring Exercises

The long string measure is suitable for determining whether a jack or bowl is within the boundaries of the rink of play. The methods of use differ depending on whether the boundary markers are on the face of the bank or on the top of the bank.

This procedure will also be used in Exercises 14 and 15.

Alternative methods are described for using a Boundary Scope, Mirrors and Set Squares.

Procedure for when Boundary Markers are on the face of the bank

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Ask one assistant to take the loose end of the string to the far end of the rink away from the decision.

•

Ask them to place the string on the top of the bank and in line with the centre of the rink boundary marker.

•

Ask another assistant to take the other end of the string to the opposite end of the rink and keeping it taught place it on the top of the bank and in line with the centre of the boundary marker.

•

Ensure that at no time does the string come into contact with the bowl or Jack by holding it above the objects.

•

Look down over the objects to see if you can make a decision.

•

If not, ask the assistant nearest you to slowly move the string down the centre line of the boundary marker and stop when the string is just above the bowl or jack.

•

Determine if the bowl is live or dead by looking down over the top of the object or use a

Set Square.

•

Slide the Set Square up to the object until it just touches either the string or the object.

•

Make your decision and indicate to the players the result.

•

Quickly re-wind your string and move from the rink to allow the game to continue.

Procedure for when Boundary Markers are on the top of the bank

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Ask one assistant to take the loose end of the string to the far end of the rink away from the decision.

•

Ask them to place the string on the top of the bank and in line with the centre of the rink boundary marker.

•

Ask another assistant to take the other end of the string to the opposite end of the rink and keeping it taught place it on the top of the bank and in line with the centre of the boundary marker.

•

Ensure that at no time does the string come into contact with the bowl or jack by holding it above the objects.

•

Look down over the objects to see if you can make a decision.

•

If not, slide a set square up to the object from the side of the rink of play until it just touches either the string or the object.

•

Make your decision and indicate to the players the result.

•

Quickly re-wind your string and move from the rink to allow the game to continue.


•

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EXERCISE 5

Boundary bowls and / or jack.


EXERCISE 6

Box / Long string measure

Measuring Exercises

The string measure is suitable for measures beyond the reach of a box string measure or when a jack or bowl is in the ditch and a flexible measure is needed.

If the distance to be measured is longer than you can comfortably reach, seek assistance from another umpire of a player. Your assistant will take the jack end and you take the decision end to the bowl.

This procedure will also be used in Exercises 8 and 10

Procedure:

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Maintain communication with your assistant or fellow Umpire at all times.

•

Have your assistant place the fixed end of the measure against the jack.

•

Extend the string to the first bowl.

•

Check with your assistant that the pointer is on the Jack and that the string is in a straight line from jack to bowl before you set your measurement.

•

Without altering the measurement, check the measure from the jack to the second bowl.

•

If the measure is to an object in the ditch, make sure that the string crosses the ditch in a straight line between the jack and the bowl. Also, make sure that the string does not cut into the green at the point where it crosses the edge of the ditch.

•

Always return to re-check your measurement against the first bowl.

•

If the bowl you have decided is closest to the jack is in the ditch, check to ensure that it is live.

EXERCISE 7

Toucher and jack in ditch with bowl on the rink over-hanging the ditch

A close measure between a bowl and the jack in the ditch, made complicated by a bowl over hanging the ditch. Only use callipers for a ditch measure if a direct line is available between the bowl and the jack.

To carry out this exercise, follow the procedure described in exercise 2


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EXERCISE 6

A long measure between two opposing bowls.

EXERCISE 7

Toucher and jack in the ditch with a bowl on the rink overhanging the ditch.


EXERCISE 8

Jack, touchers and non-touchers in the ditch with one or more bowls on the rink

The string measure is suitable for when a jack or bowl is in the ditch and a flexible measure is needed. If the distance to be measured is longer than you can comfortably reach, seek assistance from another umpire of a player. Your assistant will take the jack end and you take the decision end to the bowl.

To carry out this exercise, follow the procedure described in Exercise 6

EXERCISE 9

Bowls resting on each other on boundary line

A boundary bowl is resting on a dead bowl from the same rink and is required to be measured.

Procedure:

•

The bowl that is holding the leaning bowl is dead and should be removed from the green.

•

The leaning bowl should not be wedged but allowed to remain where it falls.

•

You may have to determine which bowls are dead and live by following the procedure in

Exercise 5

•

When dead bowls have been removed carry out any measures required using the procedures detailed in previous exercises.


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EXERCISE 8

Jack and bowls in the ditch with one or more bowls on the rink.

EXERCISE NO 9

Bowls resting on each other on the boundary line


EXERCISE 10

Long string measure from the jack in the ditch to bowls on rink

Measuring Exercises

A jack has been driven into the ditch and has left a measure between 2 bowls a long way back up the rink. The string measure is suitable for when a jack or bowl is in the ditch and a flexible measure is needed. You will need to seek assistance from another umpire of a player. Your assistant will take the jack end and you take the decision end to the bowl.


EXERCISE 11

Challenged jack length

Law 23.1 requires that, for a jack to be delivered properly, it must end its course at least 23 metres in a straight line from the front edge of the mat after the jack has been centred.

Law 1.3.20 states that all measurements to the jack and bowls from the mat are taken from the centre of the mat line.

Procedure:

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Ensure the jack is centred.

•

Check the front edge of the mat is at least 2 metres from the rear ditch and at least 25 metres from the front ditch. If it is not, return the Jack to be re-delivered by the opposing player.

•

Have the end of the long tape held by the marker, another umpire or a player at the centre of the mat line with the zero at the mat line. Alternatively, spike the end of the tape to the green at the centre of the mat line.

•

Walk forward from the mat to the jack allowing the tape to unwind as you do so.

•

Ensure the tape is straight and tight and check that the jack is more than 23 metres from the mat line.

•

If any portion of the Jack is less that 23 metres then return the jack to the mat end unless it is the second time the jack has been incorrectly delivered in that end in which case the jack should be placed with the nearest point of the jack to the mat line being 2 metres from the front ditch.

•

If it is the correct length, inform the players

•

Quickly rewind the tape as you leave the green.


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EXERCISE 11

Challenged jack length

EXERCISE 10

Long string measure from jack in ditch to bowls on rink


EXERCISES 12 and 13

Measuring Exercises

Measure the length of a delivered or rebounded bowl or a rebounded jack

Law 27.1 requires that a delivered bowl must come to rest within the boundaries of the rink and not less than 14 metres from the mat line to be a properly delivered bowl.

Law 30.1 requires that a jack that has been moved as a result of play and comes to rest within the boundaries of the rink must be at least 20 metres in a straight line from the mat line.

Procedure:

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Ensure the jack or bowl is within the boundaries of the rink.

•

Have the end of the long tape held by the marker, another umpire or a player at the centre of the mat line with the zero at the mat line. Alternately, spike the end of the tape to the green at the centre of the mat line. DO NOT CENTRE the jack or bowl.

•

Walk forward from the mat to the jack or bowl allowing the tape to unwind as you do so.

•

Ensuring the tape is straight and tight and measure the length of the jack or bowl. The measure is made to the edge of the jack or bowl nearest to the mat line, i.e. the

WHOLE of the jack or bowl must be past the minimum distance to be legal.

•

If the jack is less than 20 metres, the jack should be returned and the end should be declared dead.

•

If the bowl is less than 14 metres, the bowl should be declared dead and removed.

•

If they are the correct length, inform the players.

•

Quickly rewind the tape as you leave the green.


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EXERCISE 12

Measure a short bowl

EXERCISE 13

Measure a rebounded jack


EXERCISE 14

Jack or bowl in the ditch on the boundary line

A Jack or Bowl has entered the ditch and a decision is required as to whether it is still live.



Procedure:

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Run a long string down the green as described in Exercise 5.

•

If you cannot determine the result by looking down from above the object then it will be necessary to use a Set Square.

•

Place a Set Square against the jack or bowl ensuring it is level.

•

Determine if the jack or bowl is live using the square and the line and inform the players of your decision.

EXERCISE 15

Obscured jack or bowl on boundary line

Jack and bowls are near the boundary line and because of other obstructions it is not possible to determine visually if they are live.



Procedure:

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Run a long string down the green as described in Exercise 5.

•

If you cannot determine the result by looking down from above the object then it will be necessary to use a Set Square.

•

It is permissible to remove an obstructing bowl by using enough wedges to ensure that the bowl can be returned to its original position. This action is the last resort and you must inform the players of your actions.

•

Place a Set Square against the jack or bowl ensuring it is level.

•

Determine if the jack or bowl is live using the square and the line and inform the players of your decision.

•

If needed you can replace any bowls you have removed.


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EXERCISE 15

Obscured jack on boundary line

EXERCISE 14

Jack in ditch on boundary line

Measuring & Equipment Alternative Equipment

Alternative equipment used for completing exercises

Boundary Scope

A boundary scope is like a rifle sight mounted on a stand that is placed behind the boundary peg. It can be operated by one person and is quick and accurate.

This equipment is suitable for determining whether a bowl or the jack is “in” or “out” of bounds. The bowl or jack may be on the green or in the ditch.

Procedure for Exercise 5 - Jack or Bowl on the Green

Assuming the decision to be made is for a bowl from Rink 2 close to the boundary between rinks 2 and 3,

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Set up the Boundary Scope at the end furthest of the rink from the jack or bowl.

•

Place the boundary scope immediately behind the boundary peg between rinks 2 and 3 and pointing to the boundary peg at the other end of the rink.

•

Kneel so that your eyes are about 75mm behind the

‘Scope. It is a rifle sight – you will see nothing if your eye is too close.

•

Adjust the level of the boundary scope until the horizontal cross-hair is parallel to the top of the bank at the other end of the rink. This ensures that the vertical hair is perpendicular.

•

Using both hands, adjust the ‘Scope right or left until the vertical hair comes into line with the centre of the boundary peg.

•

Aim at the centre of the base of the boundary peg.

•

Make the decision as to whether the bowl/jack is in or out of bounds.

Procedure for Exercise 14 - Jack or bowl in the ditch

Set up the Scope above the jack in the ditch

•

Ensure you follow the General Procedures for Conducting a

Measure and the Tips for Umpires and Markers

•

Align the ‘Scope as previously described.

•

Step onto the green in front of the ‘Scope and sight down through the “peep” hole at the front of the ‘Scope and line up the cross hair on the base of the ‘Scope with the edge of the

Jack/Bowl in the ditch.

•

If shadows make the decision difficult, place a small sight board under the edge of the object.



Mirrors and Squares

Mirrors and squares are used together. There are many and varied types of both but all have the same general principles.

Procedure for Exercises 5, 9, 14 & 15

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Take the equipment to the end of the rink nearest to the object to be examined and find out which rink is in play.

•

Ensure that both boundary pegs are upright.

•

Place the square against the object to be checked, making sure that the blade is just touching the object, and is on the rink of play.

•

Ensure the blade is upright by checking the level, and spike the square down if necessary.

•

Return to the mirror end and set it in front of the peg with the centre line of the mirror inline with the centre of the peg.

•

Look into the mirror and line up the centre line of the mirror and the edge of the square with the centre of the boundary peg at the other end of the rink.

Procedure for Exercise 14

•


Umpires and Markers

•

Make sure that the rink boundary marker positioned on the bank is in a vertical position.

•

With the blade of the set square extending horizontally from the handle and the outer edge of the blade facing towards the jack or bowl, place the set square flat on the green in the rink on which the jack or bowl was delivered, with the handle on the surface of the green and the blade overhanging the edge of the ditch.

•

Keeping the back edge of the handle parallel with the edge of the ditch, slide the set square across the surface of the green towards the boundary marker until the corner of the blade at the juncture of its end and outer edge comes into contact with the centre of the marker.

•

Holding the set square firmly in position, look vertically down the outer edge of the blade.

•

If no part of the jack or bowl is obscured by the blade, then the jack or bowl is beyond the boundary of the rink so should, therefore, be declared dead. If any part of the jack or bowl is obscured by the blade, then the jack or bowl is within the boundary of the rink so should, therefore, be declared live.



Telescopic Measure

Procedure for Exercise 1

•



•

Extend the measure until it is just short of the distance from bowl to jack.

•

Without moving the bowl, hold the end of the measure without the vernier screw adjustment against the bowl.

•

Make the fine adjustment with the vernier screw end until bare contact is made with both jack and bowl.

•

Without disturbing the set of the equipment, move to the other bowl(s) and check.

Long Tape

Tapes used for this measure should have a base that can be pegged to the green, a locking device to clamp the tape firm and a screw adjuster at the end of the tape.

Procedure for Exercises 8 & 10

•



•

Secure any leaning bowls.

•

Place the tape base so that it is just touching bowl.

•

Looking from behind the bowl and the tape, ensure that the tape is pointing in a straight line from the bowl to the jack to be measured and spike the tape to the green.

•

Extend the tape until the screw adjuster is just short of the jack and lock the tape at this distance.

•

Use the screw adjuster until bare contact is made with the jack.

•

Check to see that the tape base is still in contact with the bowl.

•

Without disturbing the set of the unit, carefully remove the tape from the bowl and reposition it against the second bowl to be measured so that it points directly to the jack.

•

Always return to the first bowl to recheck your measurements.


Laws of the Sport of Bowls

LAWS of the

SPORT of BOWLS


Laws of the Sport of Bowls Brief History of the Laws

A brief history of the “Laws of the Sport”

It is to a Scot that we owe our appreciation for the democratic spirit in which the game of bowls is played in that he drew up a complete code of laws that were adopted and have formed the basis of our present laws.

He was William Mitchell, a Glaswegian solicitor and, although the reading of those laws as originally written is amusing in their simple dated terms, we can see how our present laws are derived.

There were, however, earlier laws of the game, which were drawn up to suit the game as played in the time of King Charles II. This game bore little relation to the game as we know it.

Mitchell’s laws sufficed from the time they were drawn up in 1850 until the formation of the Scottish Bowling Association in 1892. One of their first tasks was to compile a revised set of laws. This provided for the first time a standard minimum bias for bowls.

In England things were a little confused. Not until a joint New Zealand / Australian team of bowlers arrived for the first international bowls tour, did it become apparent that an organisation to administer such events was required. Also there was the question of “Whose laws do we use”? The Scots were reluctant to allow their laws to be used as they had taken the step of copyrighting them. To solve these problems the Imperial Bowling Association was formed and drew up their own “Laws of the

Game”, but as can be imagined they closely followed the Scottish laws.

Incidentally, it was on the above occasion that the Australia Cup was presented to the Imperial Bowling Association and has been presented to the winners of the

“Fours Championship” at National Finals every year since.

In 1903 the English Bowling Association succeeded the Imperial Bowling Association under the leadership of the famous Dr W.G. Grace, followed closely by the Welsh and Irish Associations and most importantly by the International Bowling Board. In recent years there have been a variety of titles for the ultimate governing Body of the game, now called “World Bowls”.

This authority has become recognised universally as the sole authority for production and revision of the Laws of the Sport which, except for slight National modifications for local conditions, apply to every country where lawn bowls is played. In 2001

World Bowls undertook the task of standardising and improving the existing Laws and, following representation from members countries, the new Laws of the Sport of

Bowls – Third Edition were introduced in 2004.

A subsequent review sought to standardise the use of the laws worldwide and to gain the coveted “Crystal Mark” from the Plain English Campaign. This was achieved and the laws approved by the Worlds’ Governing Bodies. In 2006/2007 the Laws of the

Sport - Crystal Mark Edition were adopted worldwide.


Laws of the Sport of Bowls The Crystal Mark Edition

The Laws of the Sport of Bowls – Crystal Mark Edition

The following section contains the full text of the Laws of the Sport of Bowls – Crystal

Mark Edition. They are reproduced by kind permission of World Bowls Ltd.

We have grouped the Laws based on the amount of debate and interpretation required for them but also by those that are most likely to be referred to when a game is in progress. A boxed area has been provided to allow notes to be taken.

Group Two contains notes on interpretation and, where necessary photos and diagrams are used for clarification.

GROUP ONE

Basic laws that deal mainly with factual data and invite little debate.

It is unlikely that you will need to refer to these laws during a game v

GROUP TWO

Laws that will require some clarification and interpretation.

These are the laws you will need to apply during a game. v

GROUP THREE

Appendices and Diagrams to accompany Laws.

Details on Domestic Regulations and Conditions of Play



Introduction

Introduction and Conventions

No laws governing a sport can cope with every situation, and the laws governing the sport of bowls are no exception. Unusual situations not covered within the laws can often arise. The Laws of the Sport of Bowls (‘the laws’) have been drawn up in the spirit of true sportsmanship. So, if a situation arises that is not covered by these laws, players, markers and umpires should use their common sense and a spirit of fair play to decide on the appropriate course of action.

Conventions

1 References to ‘should’ and ‘will’ within these laws mean that the action is compulsory.

2 References to ‘can’ within these laws mean that the action is optional.

3 References to ‘between’ when used to describe a range of weights or measurements within these laws mean that the smallest and largest numbers given are included within the range.

The definitions in laws 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 are in alphabetical order.



Group One Laws

Section 1

Definitions: control, players, play and bowls

1 Definitions

1.1 Control

Controlling Body: the body with immediate control over the

Conditions of Play (see law 17.2) under which a game is played. The order is:

•

World Bowls (WB);

•

a National Bowling Authority that is a member of WB

(‘Member National Authority’) or a group of Member

National Authorities;

•

divisions within Member National Authorities; and

•

the club on whose green the game is being played.

1.2 Players

1 Side: any agreed number of teams or Singles players

(or a combination of teams and Singles players) whose combined scores decide the result of a competition.

2 Skip: the player who is in charge of the team.

3 Team play

Team: a Pair, a Triple or a Four.

Pair: a team of two players whose positions, in order of play, are ‘lead’ and ‘skip’.

Triple: a team of three players whose positions, in order of play, are ‘lead’, ‘second’ and ‘skip’.

Four: a team of four players whose positions, in order of play, are ‘lead’, ‘second’, ‘third’ and ‘skip’.

1.3 Play

1 Centring the jack: placing the jack on the centre line of the rink, at the same distance from the mat line as it was when it came to rest.

2 Delivery: deliberately releasing a jack or a bowl from the hand using an underarm movement. If the jack or bowl accidentally slips from a player’s hand during delivery, the player can pick it up and start the delivery again.

3 Defaulting player, team or side: the player, team or side that does not meet the requirements of any specific law or laws.

4 Displaced jack or bowl: a jack or a bowl which is moved in a way that is not approved within the Laws of the Sport of Bowls.

5 Disturbing the head: altering the position of the jack or a bowl in the head.

6 Domestic play: any play under the direct control of a

Member National Authority, a division within a Member

National Authority or a club.

Group One

Notes



7 End: delivery of the jack, delivery of all the bowls required to be played by all of the opponents in the same direction on a rink, and deciding the number of shots scored.

8 End ditches

Front ditch: the ditch at the end of the green which is directly in front of a player when they stand on the mat.

Rear ditch: the ditch at the end of the green which is directly behind a player when they stand on the mat.

9 Face of the bank: the surface of the bank from the surface of the ditch up to the top of any surround or edging.

10 Forfeited game: a game that is awarded to an opponent as a penalty for the defaulting player, team or side not meeting the requirements of one or more laws.

11 Former position: the position of a jack or a bowl at rest within the rink of play immediately before it is displaced.

If a law says that a jack or a bowl should be put back to its former position, the person replacing the jack or bowl in this way should decide where that position is. If this person cannot accurately identify the former position, they should put the jack or bowl as near as possible to its former position.

12 Groundsheet: a rectangular piece of canvas or other suitable fabric placed temporarily on the surface of the green to protect it from any damage caused as a result of a player delivering the jack or a bowl. The rear edge of the groundsheet should be placed at least 2 metres from the rear ditch and at least 25 metres from the front ditch (in line with the requirements for placing the mat described in laws 19.1.1 and 19.1.5).

13 Head: the jack and any bowls which have come to rest within the boundaries of the rink of play and are not dead. (Law 30.1 describes a dead jack and law 27.1 describes a dead bowl.)

14 Holding surface: a natural or synthetic material that will prevent the jack or a bowl from running along the ditch.

15 Jack or bowl in its original course: a jack or a bowl from its delivery until it comes to rest, no matter how many times (for a bowl) it comes into contact with the jack or other bowls before it comes to rest or becomes dead.

16 Jack or bowl in motion: a jack or a bowl which is moving during play after it has been at rest as part of the head.

17 Licensed Manufacturer: person or company licensed by WB to make bowls in line with the standards laid down in World Bowls Regulations.

18 Licensed Tester: person or company licensed by WB to test bowls to make sure they meet the standards laid down in World Bowls Regulations and the Laws of the

Sport of Bowls.

19 Line jack or bowl: a jack or bowl which has come to rest partly inside and partly outside the side boundary of the rink of play.

English Bowls Umpires Association Training Manual

Group One

Notes

See Figure 1

See Figure 2

Revision 3/08


20 Mat line: the edge of the mat nearest to the front ditch.

All measurements involving the mat and a jack or a bowl will be taken from the centre of the mat line.

21 Net total of set points: the total number of set points a player or team scores minus the total number of set points scored against them.

22 Net total of shots: the total number of shots a player, team or side scores minus the total number of shots scored against them.

23 Neutral

Neutral person: a person who is not a player on the rink of play. This includes the marker and the umpire.

Neutral object:

•

a jack, bowl or other object not belonging to any player on the rink of play;

•

a line jack or a line bowl belonging to a player on a neighbouring rink; or

•

a dead bowl that is at rest and has not been removed from the rink of play.

24 Open competitions in which both members and non-members of the club hosting the event are eligible to take part, and in which more than one round can be played on the same day.

25 Pace of the green: the number of seconds taken by a bowl from its delivery to the moment it comes to rest at approximately 27 metres from the mat line. The higher the number of seconds taken, the faster the pace of the green.

26 Position of bowl in relation to jack

Jack high or jack level: the nearest part of a bowl is in line with and at the same distance from the mat line as the nearest part of the jack.

27 Rink and its boundaries

Rink: the section of the green on which a game is played.

Rink of play: the section of the green and the corresponding sections of the end ditches on which a game is played.

Side boundaries of the rink of play: the imaginary straight lines connecting the centres of the boundary pegs on opposite banks that show the limits of the rink of play.

End boundaries of the rink of play: the faces of the banks which are within the side boundaries of the rink of play.

28 Set: a pre-determined number of shots or ends forming part of a game.

29 Shot indicators (also known as lollipops or paddles): thin pieces of plastic or other suitable material, shaped, for example, like oars. The heads of the indicators match the colours of the adhesive markings on each player’s bowls (see law 8.1.8). During play, the marker holds up the appropriate number of indicators, in the appropriate colour, to signal to players and spectators which player’s bowl or bowls the marker considers to be shot.


Group One

See Figure 1

Revision 3/08


30 Visiting skips: either:

•

the skips of teams other than those playing on their own green; or

•

the skips of the second-named team in each pair of competing teams when games are being played at a neutral venue.

1.4 Bowls

1 Bias: the curved path along which a bowl travels from delivery until it comes to rest. (The shape of the bowl gives it its bias.)

2 Bias side of a bowl: the side of the bowl that is the more rounded of the two sides, which is identified by the small grooved rings surrounding its centre. (The nonbias side is identified by the large grooved rings surrounding its centre.)

3 Set of bowls: four bowls, all of which are:

•

of a matched set;

•

of the same make and model; and

•

of the same size, weight, colour, bias, serial number and engraving.

In all games, each player should play with the appropriate number of bowls from the same set.

4 Working Reference Bowl: a bowl approved by WB as:

•

having the minimum bias required; and

•

in all other respects, following the Laws of the Sport of Bowls.

Each Working Reference Bowl is engraved with the words ‘Working Reference Bowl’ and WB makes sure that each Licensed Tester is given a Working Reference

Bowl.

Group One

Notes



Section 2 - The green, ditch and banks

1 The green should be either rectangular or square.

2 The length of the green in the direction of play should be between 31 metres and

40 metres.

3 The green should have a suitable level playing surface.

4 The playing surface should be either vegetation or a synthetic surface approved by a Member National

Authority.

5 For domestic play, Member National Authorities can decide the standards for greens constructed in line with previous editions of this law.

1 The green should be surrounded by a ditch.

2 The ditch should be:

•

between 200 millimetres and 380 millimetres wide; and

•

between 50 millimetres and 200 millimetres deep.

3 The ditch should have a holding surface which is free from obstacles and made of a material which will not damage the jack or the bowls.

4 For indoor greens, only the end ditches in the direction of play should meet the standards mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 3 above.

5

1 The ditch should have a bank against its outer edge.

2 The top of the bank should be at least 230 millimetres above the surface level of the green.

3 The bank should be vertical and set at a right angle (90°) to the surface of the green, or sloped at an angle of not more than 35° from the vertical (see diagrams 1, 2 and 3 in appendix B.1).

4 The surface of the face of the bank should be made of, or be covered with, a material which will not damage the jack or the bowls.

5 There should be no steps that could interfere with play either cut into or positioned against the face of the bank.

Division of the green

The green should be divided into sections called rinks.

1 The rinks should be:

•

between 4.3 metres and 5.8 metres wide for outdoor play; and

•

between 4.6 metres and 5.8 metres wide for indoor play.

Wherever possible, all rinks on a green should be the same width. For domestic play, Member National

Authorities can decide the standard for the minimum width of a rink.


Group One

Notes

See Figure 2

Revision 3/08


2 The rinks should be numbered in order, with the centre of each rink being marked on the bank at each end by a peg, disc or other suitable device that has the rink number on it and is fixed vertically:

•

to the face of the bank and flat against it; or

•

on the top of the bank not more than 100 millimetres back from its face; or

•

on the wall behind the bank (for indoor play only).

3 The four corners of the rinks should be marked by white or brightly coloured boundary pegs that are fixed vertically:

•

to the face of the bank and flat against it; or

•

on the top of the bank not more than 100 millimetres back from its face.

4 The boundary pegs should be:

•

not more than 50 millimetres wide and not more than

100 millimetres high if they are fixed to the face of the bank of an outdoor green; or

•

not more than 25 millimetres wide and not less than

600 millimetres high if they are fixed on the top of the bank of either an outdoor or an indoor green

(although this height limitation does not apply to flexible boundary pegs containing a spring or similar mechanism in their base that allows them to bend on contact with an object or person); or

•

not more than 25 millimetres wide and the centre of the peg should be clearly marked by a thin black vertical line if they are fixed to the face of the bank of an indoor green.

5 For domestic play, Member National Authorities can decide:

•

the standards for boundary pegs made in line with previous editions of this law; and

•

the requirements for thin black vertical lines marking the centres of boundary pegs that are fixed to the face of the bank of an outdoor green or fixed on the top of the bank of either an outdoor or an indoor green.

6 The boundary pegs of an outside rink should be:

•

at least 600 millimetres from the side ditch for outdoor play; and

•

at least 460 millimetres from the side ditch for indoor play.

7 If a boundary peg is not vertical, it should be put so before a player or the umpire decides whether or not a jack or a bowl is within the boundary.

8 If a player or the umpire finds a boundary peg in the wrong position, they should not move it until the end has been completed on any rinks affected. The peg should then be correctly positioned by the umpire or by agreement between the skips or opponents in Singles on the rinks affected.


Group One

Notes

Revision 3/08


9 For outdoor play, the side boundary of the rink of play can be marked by connecting the boundary pegs with a green thread drawn tightly along the surface of the green, leaving enough loose thread to reach the corresponding pegs on the face or on the top of the bank. For domestic outdoor play, Member National

Authorities can decide not to use boundary threads.

10 The boundary thread (see paragraph 9 above) should not be lifted or held down when the jack or a bowl is in its original course or in motion.

11 Pegs, discs and other types of markers used to mark the centre and corners of the rinks should be made of a material which will not damage the jack or bowls.

12 White or brightly coloured pegs or discs should be fixed vertically against the face of the side banks or on top of the side banks in the direction of play to mark distances of 2 metres and 25 metres from the end ditches (see diagram 1 in appendix B.4). Wherever possible, these should be the only pegs or discs visible on the side banks.

13 The centre line of each rink can be marked along the surface of the green starting 2 metres from each end ditch and finishing at any point up to, but not less than,

25 metres from the opposite end ditch (see diagram 1 in appendix B.2).

14 The centre line of the rink can be marked at a distance of 2 metres from each end ditch (see diagram 2 in appendix B.2). The mark can be:

•

lines drawn in the form of a ‘T’; or

•

a small piece of suitable material inserted immediately below the surface of the green (for outdoor play only).

15 If part of the green is used for spectators, side ditches do not have to be used, but the distance markers on the side banks should be brought forward and fixed appropriately. They should be clearly visible to the players.

16 While there is temporary seating on the green, there should be a completely unrestricted area of the green that is at least 900 millimetres wide between the seated area and the outside boundary of the nearest rink.

Group One

Notes

See Figure 3



Section 3

Equipment: mat, jack, bowls and measures

6 Mat

The mat should be 600 millimetres long and 360 millimetres wide.

7 Jack

1 The jack should be a solid sphere (ball shaped) and either white or yellow.

2 For outdoor non-synthetic greens, the jack should:

•

measure between 63 millimetres and 64 millimetres across (the diameter); and

•

weigh between 225 grams and 285 grams.

3 For outdoor synthetic greens and indoor greens, the jack should:

•

measure between 63 millimetres and 67 millimetres across (the diameter); and

•

weigh between 382 grams and 453 grams.

8 Bowls

8.1 Specifications

1 Bowls should be made of wood (lignum vitae), rubber or plastic resin (called composition or plastic bowls) and should be any colour approved by WB. The basic colour is added during the manufacturing process.

2 Indentations designed to help the player grip the bowl during delivery (for example, grooved rings or dimples) can be incorporated during the manufacturing process.

They can also be added at a later date, but only by a

Licensed Manufacturer or a Licensed Tester.

3 Each set of bowls can carry a player’s individual emblem, logo or engraving as a distinguishing mark inside the smallest grooved ring on both sides of every bowl.

4 The requirement for distinguishing marks applies to all bowls used in International Events, World Bowls

Championships and Commonwealth Games.

5 For domestic play, Member National Authorities can decide the requirements for distinguishing marks.

6 Bowls made of wood should:

•

measure between 116 millimetres and 134 millimetres across at their widest points; and

•

weigh up to 1.59 kilograms.

7 Bowls made of rubber or plastic resin should:

•

measure between 116 millimetres and 131 millimetres across at their widest points; and

•

weigh up to 1.59 kilograms.

Group One

Notes



8 The Controlling Body can supply adhesive (stick-on) markings for players to temporarily fix to both sides of their bowls, or allow players to use their own markings.

When these markings are used:

•

they are part of the bowl for all purposes under the

Laws of the Sport of Bowls;

•

there should be only one such marking fixed to either side of the bowl;

•

they should not be put over any distinguishing marks on the non-bias side of the bowl, although they can cover the distinguishing marks on the bias side of the bowl; and

•

all bowls belonging to players within a team or side should have these markings on them and the markings should all be the same design and colour.

8.2 Bias of bowls

1 A Working Reference Bowl will have a bias approved by

WB. All bowls should have a bias that is not less than that of a Working Reference Bowl and should be imprinted with the registered World Bowls Stamp.

2 To check the accuracy of the bias and the visibility of the

World Bowls Stamp, all bowls should be re-tested and re-stamped at least once every 10 years, or earlier if the date of the stamp is not clearly legible.

3 For domestic play, Member National Authorities can decide the requirements for re-testing and re-stamping bowls.

8.3 Lodging a challenge to bowls

1 Any challenge to bowls should be based on the grounds that they do not meet one or more of the requirements of laws 8.1 and 8.2.

2 A challenge can be lodged by a player, the manager in a side game, the umpire or the Controlling Body.

3 No challenge, or notice that a challenge will be made, should be lodged during the trial ends or during a game.

If the person making such a challenge is a player, that person will be disqualified and the game will be forfeited to the opponent.

4 If a challenge is lodged:

•

it should be lodged with the umpire or the Controlling

Body;

•

it should be made not later than 10 minutes after the final end in which the bowls were used is completed; and

•

the person making the challenge, if they are an opponent or the manager in a side game, should pay a deposit to the umpire or Controlling Body for a fixed amount decided each year by WB or the relevant Member National Authority.

5 Once a challenge is lodged and the deposit paid, it cannot be withdrawn.


Group One

Notes

Revision 3/08


8.4 Following up a challenge to bowls

1 The umpire should ask the player using the bowls concerned (the user) or the person who owns the bowls concerned (the owner) to hand over the set of bowls so that the umpire can send them to the Controlling Body for testing by a Licensed Tester.

2 Bowls sent for testing should be in sets of four.

3 If the user or owner of the challenged set of bowls refuses to hand the whole set over to the umpire, the game will be forfeited to the opponent.

4 Neither the user nor the owner should use the challenged set of bowls in any game controlled or permitted by the Controlling Body until the set of bowls has been tested by a Licensed Tester.

5 When the umpire has received the challenged set of bowls, they should take immediate steps to pass the set to the Secretary of the Controlling Body who should arrange for them to be tested by a Licensed Tester as soon as possible. The test should be carried out in the presence of representatives of any of the following: WB, the Member National Authority, the Controlling Body, and the user or owner if they want to attend.

6 If a Licensed Tester finds that the challenged set of bowls meets the requirements of laws 8.1 and 8.2:

•

the set of bowls should be returned to the user or owner by the Controlling Body; and

•

the person who lodged the challenge should lose their deposit and pay the Controlling Body for all expenses in having the tests done.

8.5 Bowls failing a test

1 Failing a test as a result of a challenge being lodged

(see law 8.3)

•

If a Licensed Tester finds that a bowl does not meet the requirements of laws 8.1 or 8.2, they should alter the bowl as necessary before returning it.

•

If a Licensed Tester cannot alter a bowl to meet the requirements of laws 8.1 and 8.2, they should cancel any current stamp imprinted on the bowl by stamping an ‘X’ over it before returning it.

•

If a Licensed Tester tests a challenged set of bowls and finds that they do not meet the requirements of laws 8.1 and 8.2:

the game in which they were used should be forfeited to the opponent;

the deposit should be returned to the person who lodged the challenge; and

the user or owner of the set of bowls should pay the Controlling Body for all expenses in having the tests done.

Group One

Notes



2 Failing a test as a result of routine re-testing (see law

8.2.2)

•

If a Licensed Tester finds that a bowl does not meet the requirements of laws 8.1 or 8.2, the user or owner of the set of bowls can choose whether to:

have the Licensed Tester alter the bowl as necessary before returning it; or

leave the bowl unaltered and have the Licensed

Tester cancel any current stamp imprinted on the bowl by stamping an ‘X’ over it before returning it.

•

If a Licensed Tester cannot alter a bowl to meet the requirements of laws 8.1 and 8.2, they should cancel any current stamp imprinted on the bowl by stamping an ‘X’ over it before returning it.

8.6 Alteration to bias

9

1 A player should not alter, or cause to be altered other than by a Licensed Tester, any bowl imprinted with the registered World Bowls Stamp in any way that would alter the bias of the bowl.

2 Any player breaking this law will be suspended from playing for as long as the Member National Authority of which the player’s club is a member decides.

3 The Member National Authority which suspended the player should give WB details of the suspension, and the suspension will apply among all Member National

Authorities.

4 Players or owners who colour the grooved rings or dimples on a bowl for decoration are not breaking this law.

Bowls: World Bowls Stamp

1 Licensed Manufacturers and Licensed Testers are entitled to imprint the registered World Bowls Stamp between the inner and outer rings of bowls. Imprints on the running surfaces of bowls should be avoided wherever possible.

WB

A

World Bowls is the code letter of the Licensed

Manufacturer or Licensed Tester

Numbers is the year that the stamp expires (in this

R example, 2013) shows that the stamp is a registered trademark

Group One

Notes



2 The current World Bowls Stamp was introduced on 1

April 2002 and should be used on all new and re-tested bowls from that date.

3 Both the International Bowling Board (IBB) and the

World Bowls Board (WBB) stamps, which were used before the current World Bowls Stamp, will be valid until the end of the year that the stamp expires.

(For example, the stamp in the above illustration would not be valid after 31 December 2013.)

4 If bowls are imprinted with the registered World Bowls

Stamp and are in line with the Laws of the Sport of

Bowls in all other ways, they can be used in all games under the control of WB or any Member National

Authority.

5 For domestic play, Member National Authorities can decide the requirements for the stamps on bowls.

The umpire should bring, or be provided with by the club on whose green the game is being played, suitable equipment to carry out the duties described in law 56. This equipment should at least include:

•

a copy of the current Laws of the Sport of Bowls;

•

a tape measure at least 25 metres long;

•

equipment for measuring between the jack and bowls when the distances between them are beyond the range of a flexible measure (for example, a string measure or a telescopic measure);

•

a flexible measure (for example, a box measure or a bullet measure);

•

callipers;

•

feeler gauges;

•

wedges (for supporting leaning bowls); and

•

equipment (for deciding whether or not the jack or a bowl is within the side boundary of the rink when the side boundary is not marked by a green thread as described in law 5.9) such as:

- a portable, retractable line;

- a mirror and a square (both with a levelling bubble); or

- a boundary scope.

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Notes



Section 4 – Arranging a game

11 General form and length

1 A game of bowls should be played on one rink or on several rinks.

2 The game should consist of a pre-arranged number of shots or ends, or be played for a fixed period of time that is decided beforehand.

3 Ends should be played in turn from opposite directions, except as described in laws 28, 31, 33 and 48.

12 Choosing the rinks for play

1 The skips, their representatives or the Controlling Body should make the draw for the rinks on which games are to be played.

2 In where competing skips have previously been decided, the visiting skips, their representatives or the

Controlling Body should make the draw to decide the numbers of the rinks to be played on.

3 If, before play starts, a player in a competition or game plays on the same rink on the day of the competition or game, that player will be disqualified. This does not apply to open tournaments.

4 For domestic play, Member National Authorities can decide the requirements for playing on the same rink on the day of a competition or game.

13 Practice

1 If a player or team that has not yet played is due to meet a player or team that has already played on the same day, the player or team that has not yet played can practise as long as:

•

the Controlling Body gives approval;

•

there is enough time available without delaying the competition; and

•

another rink is available apart from that on which the player or team has been drawn to play later that day.

2 If a player or team has already played on the same green on the same day, that player or team can practise in line with paragraph 1 above if they have a ‘bye’. (A player or team has a ‘bye’ in any round of a competition if they don’t have an opponent in that round.)

3 The Controlling Body should allocate the rink on which a player or team can practise.

4 If two players or two teams are entitled to practise:

•

they can practise together; and

•

the format of, and the number of bowls used in, the practice should be decided by the players concerned.

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Notes



Games should be organised as:

•

a Singles game;

•

a team game;

•

a side game;

•

a series of Singles games, team games or side games; or

•

a tournament of games.

A Singles game should be played between two opposing players. Players should play singly and in turn either two, three or four of a set of bowls as decided by the Controlling

Body.

A Pairs game should be played by two opposing teams, each with two players. Players should play singly and in turn either two, three or four of a set of bowls as decided by the

Controlling Body.

The Controlling Body will also decide the order in which the players will play their bowls as follows.

•

If each player is playing four bowls:

the leads will play their four bowls followed by the skips playing their four bowls;

the leads will play two of their bowls, followed by the skips playing two of their bowls, followed by the leads playing their final two bowls, followed by the skips playing their final two bowls; or

in the first end and every following odd-numbered end, the leads will play two of their bowls, followed by the skips playing their four bowls, followed by the leads playing their final two bowls. In the second end and every following even-numbered end, the skips will play two of their bowls, followed by the leads playing their four bowls, followed by the skips playing their final two bowls.

•

If each player is playing two or three bowls:

the leads will play all their bowls, followed by the skips playing all their bowls.

A Triples game should be played by two opposing teams, each with three players. Players should play singly and in turn either two or three of a set of bowls as decided by the

Controlling Body.

A Fours game should be played by two opposing teams, each with four players. Players should play singly and in turn two of a set of bowls.

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Notes



A side game should be played by two opposing sides, each with the same number of teams or Singles players (or a combination of teams and Singles players).

14.6 A series of games

Games in a series should be arranged to be played on several occasions as:

•

an ordered series of games organised as a knockout

(eliminating) competition and arranged as Singles, Pairs,

Triples or Fours; or

•

an ordered series of side games organised as either a league competition or a knockout (eliminating) competition.

14.7 A tournament of games

1 Singles games and team games can be arranged into sections (or groups) as a tournament of games in which the contestants either:

•

play each other in turn;

•

play as paired-off teams of players; or

•

play in line with any other format decided by the

Controlling Body.

2 The games can be played on one or several greens in line with a common timetable.

15.1 Format of play

1 Competitions played in the sets format should consist of sectional play, knockout (eliminating) play or a combination of both.

2 Each game should be played over the better of two sets, with each set consisting of nine ends or any other format agreed beforehand by the Controlling Body.

3 The winner of a set will be the player or team with the highest number of shots when the ninth end is completed.

4 If the shot scores are tied after the ninth end of a set, the set will be a draw.

5 During sectional play, all nine ends of a set should be completed.

6 During knockout play, there should be no further play in a set if, at any point, it becomes impossible for one player or team to draw or win the set, given the number of ends left.

15.2 Tie-breaker

1 If the game is tied after the two sets have been completed (each player or team having won one set or both sets having been drawn), a tie-breaker consisting of three ends should be played to decide the winner.

2 The winner of the tie-breaker will be the player or team with the highest number of shots when the third end is completed.


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3 There should be no further play in the tie-breaker if, at any point, it becomes impossible for one player or team to draw or win the tie-breaker, given the number of ends left.

4 If the shot scores are tied after the third end of the tiebreaker, the players or teams should play a fourth tiebreaker end to decide the winner.

5 If the fourth end of a tie-breaker is a tied end, the players or teams will play more tie-breaker ends until a winner is found.

15.3 Winners of sectional play

1 Points will be awarded as follows.

•

Two game points will be awarded for each game won. No game points are awarded for any game lost.

•

One set point will be awarded for each set won. A half set point will be awarded for each set drawn. No set points are awarded for any set lost. (The tiebreaker is not a set.)

•

If a game is forfeited, the non-offending player or team will be awarded two game points, two set points and a net total of shots that is equal to the average net total of shots scored by the winners of all other games played in the same round of the same section.

2 Section winners will be decided as follows.

•

Highest number of game points scored.

•

If game points are equal, the player or team with the highest number of sets won.

•

If game points and sets won are equal, the player or team with the highest net total of set points over all games in the section.

•

If game points, sets won and net totals of set points are equal, the player or team with the highest net total of shots over all games in the section (not including tie-breaker ends).

•

If game points, sets won, net totals of set points and net totals of shots are equal, the player or team that won the game between the players or teams that are equal.

15.4 First to play

1 First set: the skips or opponents in Singles should toss a coin and the winner of the toss has the options described in law 18.2.2.

2 Second set: the winner of the first set has the options described in law 18.4. If the first set is a draw, the winner of the last scoring end in that set has the options described in law 18.4.

3 First, fourth and any further ends of a tie-breaker: the skips or opponents in Singles should toss a coin and the winner of the toss has the options described in law

18.2.2.


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4 In all ends after the first in each set (including tie-breaker ends), the winner of the previous scoring end has the options described in law 18.4. If, however, the first end of the first set or the first end of a tie-breaker is a tied end, the first to play in that end should also play first in the second end of the first set or the second end of the tie-breaker.

15.5 Re-spotting the jack

1 If a jack in motion passes completely outside the boundaries of the rink of play, or rebounds to a distance of less than 20 metres from the mat line, the end should not be declared dead. Instead, the jack should be placed with the nearest point of the jack to the mat line at the appropriate spot described in paragraphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 below, and play should continue.

2 If the jack passes outside the side boundary on the right of the rink, it should be placed with the nearest point of the jack to the mat line at a spot on the rink which is 2 metres from the front ditch and 1.5 metres to the right of the centre line.

3 If the jack passes outside the side boundary on the left of the rink, it should be placed with the nearest point of the jack to the mat line at a spot on the rink which is 2 metres from the front ditch and 1.5 metres to the left of the centre line.

4 If the jack passes over the face of the bank, it should be placed with the nearest point of the jack to the mat line at a spot on the rink which is 2 metres from the front ditch and on the centre line.

5 If the jack rebounds to a distance of less than 20 metres from the mat line, it should be placed:

• with the nearest point of the jack to the mat line at the appropriate spot described in paragraphs 2 and

3 above; or

• with the nearest point of the jack to the mat line at the spot described in paragraph 4 above if it comes to rest on the centre line.

6 If any of the spots mentioned in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 above are partly or completely covered by a bowl, the jack should be placed with the nearest point of the jack to the mat line at a spot which is 0.5 metres further from the front ditch than the spot that has been covered. (If that spot is also partly or completely covered by a bowl, the jack should be placed at a spot which is 0.5 metres further from the front ditch than the spot that has been partly or completely covered.)

7 The spots mentioned in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 above should be marked using chalk or some other suitable method (see diagram 3.1 in appendix B.2). Further spots, which are needed to meet the terms of paragraph

6 above, can also be marked using chalk or some other suitable method (see diagram 3.2 in appendix B.2).


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16 Formats of play

16.1 World events and Commonwealth Games

1 Singles will be 21 shots (shots scored over 21 will not be counted), sets play or any other format decided beforehand by WB. Four bowls will be played, with each player playing in turn.

2 Pairs will be 18 ends, sets play or any other format decided beforehand by WB. Two, three or four bowls can be played, with each player playing in turn.

3 Triples will be 18 ends, sets play or any other format decided beforehand by WB. Two or three bowls can be played, with each player playing in turn.

4 Fours will be 18 ends, sets play or any other format decided beforehand by WB. Two bowls should be played, with each player playing in turn.

5 Changing the programme

The Controlling Body has the power to alter or amend the programme of the Championship as it considers necessary or appropriate if the weather or other conditions are unsuitable. The Controlling Body can also suspend play temporarily in any game or abandon any game, and it can also alter any of the conditions of its programme if it decides that this is essential to successfully carry out or finish the Championship.

1 Singles will be 21 shots (shots scored over 21 will not be counted), sets play or any other format agreed beforehand by WB. Four bowls will be played, with each player playing in turn.

2 Pairs will be 18 ends, sets play or any other format agreed beforehand by WB. Two, three or four bowls can be played, with each player playing in turn.

3 Triples will be 18 ends, sets play or any other format agreed beforehand by WB. Two or three bowls can be played, with each player playing in turn.

4 Fours will be 18 ends, sets play or any other format agreed beforehand by WB. Two bowls should be played, with each player playing in turn.

5 The formats of play for Singles, Pairs, Triples and Fours which are played as part of a side game will be the same as those described in paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 4 above as appropriate.

6 For indoor play, there can be a time limit on play. The

Controlling Body will decide the time limit before the game begins. If the time limit is reached while an end is in progress, the game will stop when that end is finished or when the pre-arranged number of shots or ends

(described in paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 4 above) has been played, whichever happens first.

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Notes



7 Changing the programme

The Controlling Body has the power to alter or amend the programme of the Championship as it considers necessary or appropriate if the weather or other conditions are unsuitable or, in the case of indoor play, if there is a power failure and the lighting is affected. The

Controlling Body can also suspend play temporarily in any game or abandon any game, and it can also alter any of the conditions of its programme if it decides that this is essential to successfully carry out or finish the

Championship.

The formats of play for Singles, Pairs, Triples, Fours and side games will be decided by the Controlling Body.

17 Regulations for play

17.1 Domestic regulations

1 For domestic play, Member National Authorities can make regulations (‘domestic regulations’) to cover the following aspects of the sport:

•

the use of synthetic surfaces (see law 2.4);

•

standards for greens constructed in line with previous editions of the Laws of the Sport of Bowls

(see law 2.5);

•

standards for the minimum width of a rink (see law

5.1);

•

standards for boundary pegs made in line with previous editions of the Laws of the Sport of Bowls

(see law 5.5);

•

requirements for thin black vertical lines to mark the centres of boundary pegs that are fixed to the face of the bank of an outdoor green or fixed on the top of the bank of either an outdoor or an indoor green (see law 5.5);

•

the use of boundary threads (see law 5.9);

•

distinguishing marks on bowls (see law 8.1.5);

•

re-testing and re-stamping bowls (see law 8.2.3);

•

the deposit to be paid when a challenge to bowls is lodged (see law 8.3.4);

•

requirements for the stamps on bowls (see law 9.5);

•

requirements for playing on the same rink on the day of a competition or game (see law 12.4);

•

re-spotting the jack in formats of play other than sets play (see law 15.5);

•

the use of a scoreboard instead of one of the score cards (see law 37.3.2);

•

artificial devices for delivering the jack or a bowl (see law 38.5);

•

substitute players (see law 51.9);

•

colours for footwear and the types of sole (see appendix A.2); and


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Revision 3/08


•

colours and types of clothing, including bowling gloves (see appendix A.3).

2 If there is no domestic regulation to cover a specific aspect of the sport listed in paragraph 1 above, all games will be played in line with the Laws of the Sport of

Bowls.

3 Member National Authorities should give a copy of their domestic regulations to all divisions and clubs within their authority.

17.2 Conditions of Play

Controlling Bodies should decide what Conditions of Play are necessary to govern their competitions, but all Conditions of

Play should be in line with the requirements described in appendix A.1.

Section 10 – Game decisions

43 Games played on one occasion

1 In Singles games, team games or side games played on one occasion or at any stage of a knockout (eliminating) competition, victory will be awarded to the player, team or side that, when the game finishes and in line with the

Conditions of Play, has:

•

the highest total score of shots;

•

the highest number of ends won;

•

the highest number of sets; or

•

a combination of the highest total score of shots, the highest number of ends won and the highest number of sets as decided by the Controlling Body.

2 If competitions or games are played for a fixed length of time, the Controlling Body will be responsible for making sure that Conditions of Play are in place to cover these competitions or games.

44 Tournament games and games in a series

1 In tournament games or games in a series, victory will be awarded to the player, team or side that, when the tournament or series of games finishes and in line with the Conditions of Play, has:

•

the highest number of games won; or

•

the highest net total of shots.

2 The Controlling Body will be responsible for making sure that Conditions of Play are in place to decide the winner if, in line with the Conditions of Play mentioned in paragraph 1 above, two or more players, teams or sides are equal.

3 Points can be awarded for games won or drawn.

4 If points are equal, the Controlling Body will divide the total of shots scored against each player, team or side into the total of shots it has scored. The player, team or side with the highest result will be declared the winner.


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Section 14 – Officials and spectators

55 The marker’s duties

1 In the absence of an umpire, the marker should:

•

make sure that all aspects of play are carried out in line with the Laws of the Sport of Bowls;

•

check, before the game starts, that:

all bowls have a clearly visible, valid World Bowls

Stamp imprinted on them;

the rink of play is the correct width in line with law

5.1 by measuring it; and

the pegs or discs on the side banks in the direction of play are the correct distances in line with law 5.12 by measuring them.

2 The marker should:

•

centre the jack;

•

check that the jack is at least 23 metres from the mat line after it has been centred;

•

place a jack that comes to rest less than 2 metres from the front ditch as described in law 22.2;

•

stand to one side of the rink, behind the jack and away from the head;

•

answer any specific question about the state of the head which is asked by the player in possession of the rink;

•

when asked, tell or show the player in possession of the rink the position of the jack;

•

when asked, tell or show the player in possession of the rink which bowl or bowls the marker considers to be shot;

•

when authorised by the Controlling Body, signal to players and spectators (using the appropriate number and colour of shot indicators or some other suitable method) which player’s bowl or bowls the marker considers to be shot;

•

mark all touchers with chalk and remove the chalk marks from non-touchers as soon as they come to rest;

•

if both players agree, remove all dead bowls from the rink of play;

•

mark the position of a jack and any touchers which are in the ditch as described in laws 24.4 and 29.2;

•

not move, or cause to be moved, either the jack or any bowls until the players have agreed the number of shots scored; and

•

measure any disputed shot or shots when asked to do so by either player. If the players are not satisfied with the marker’s decision, the marker should ask the umpire to do the measuring. If the Controlling

Body has not appointed an umpire, the marker should choose a competent neutral person to act as the umpire. The umpire’s decision is final.

3 When each end has been completed, the marker should:


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Notes

Revision 3/08


•

record the score on the score card;

•

tell the players the running totals of the scores; and

•

remove from the rink the mat used during the previous end, if necessary.

4 When the game has been completed, the marker should make sure that the score card:

•

contains the names and signatures of the players;

•

contains the time at which the game was completed; and

•

is dealt with in line with the Conditions of Play.

56 The umpire’s duties

1 An umpire should be appointed by, or on behalf of, the

Controlling Body for the competition.

2 The umpire’s duties are as follows.

•

To check, before the game starts, that:

all bowls have a clearly visible, valid World Bowls

Stamp imprinted on them;

the rink of play is the correct width in line with law

5.1 by measuring it; and

the pegs or discs on the side banks in the direction of play are the correct distances in line with law 5.12 by measuring them.

•

The umpire should measure any disputed shot or shots using suitable measuring equipment, such as that described in law 10.

•

The umpire should decide whether the distance of the mat from the rear and front ditches and the distance of the jack or a bowl from the mat line are in line with the Laws of the Sport of Bowls or not.

•

The umpire should decide whether a jack or a bowl is in play or not.

•

The umpire should make sure that all aspects of play are in line with the Laws of the Sport of Bowls.

•

The umpire’s decision is final in all circumstances except those relating to the meaning or interpretation of a law, in which case there will be a right of appeal to the Controlling Body.

57 The manager or coach

Either the manager or the coach of a player, team or side or, in their absence, the manager’s delegated deputy, can give advice to a player during the course of play as long as:

•

the umpire is given the names of the manager, the coach or the manager’s delegated deputy as appropriate before the game starts;

•

only one person gives advice at any one time; and

•

the person giving the advice does so from outside the boundaries of the green.

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Notes



58 Spectators

1 Spectators and anyone else not directly taking part in the game should stay outside the boundaries of the green and clear of the players.

2 If part of the green is being used for spectators, they should stay outside the boundaries of the rinks of play and clear of the players.

3 They should not disturb or advise the players in any way.

4 If, in the umpire’s opinion, this law has been broken, the umpire should ask the spectator or spectators concerned to stay within the law. If they do not stay within the law, the umpire should ask the Controlling Body to take immediate action to make sure that the offender stops breaking this law, including escorting the offender away from the area immediately surrounding the green or away from the venue as appropriate.

5 Betting or gambling on any game or games will not be allowed or take place within the grounds of any club.

(See World Bowls Regulations, Part VIII – Betting and match-fixing.)

Section 15 – Administrative matters

59 International tours and competitions

(World Bowls Regulations Part V – Laws of the Sport, Clause

9 – International Tours and Competitions.)

1 An International Event needs a licence or written permission from WB.

2 The licence or permission will only be granted if the players involved are affiliated to (in other words, members of) a Member National Authority.

3 If a Member National Authority competes against a

National Authority that is not affiliated to WB, the Board of WB will penalise the Member National Authority

(including disqualification from a future International

Event) as they consider appropriate in the circumstances.

60 Regulating Singles, Pairs, Triples and Fours games

Where appropriate, all Laws of the Sport of Bowls will apply to

Singles, Pairs, Triples and Fours games.

61 Contracting out of the Laws of the Sport of Bowls

No Controlling Body or individual has the right or power to contract out of any of the Laws of the Sport of Bowls.

Group One

Notes


Laws of the Sport of Bowls Group Two

Group Two Laws

Section 1 - Definitions: control, players, play and bowls

We feel it important to repeat the following two definitions, 1.2 & 1.3.

They are part of laws discussed later in this section and you will need to refer to them.

Comments 1 Definitions

1.2 Players

1 Side: any agreed number of teams or

Singles players (or a combination of teams and Singles players) whose combined scores decide the result of a competition.

2 Skip: the player who is in charge of the team.

3 Team play

Team: a Pair, a Triple or a Four.

Pair: a team of two players whose positions, in order of play, are ‘lead’ and ‘skip’.

Triple: a team of three players whose positions, in order of play, are ‘lead’, ‘second’ and ‘skip’.

Four: a team of four players whose positions, in order of play, are ‘lead’,

‘second’, ‘third’ and ‘skip’.

1.3 Play

11 Former position: the position of a jack or a bowl at rest within the rink of play immediately before it is displaced. If a law says that a jack or a bowl should be put back to its former position, the person replacing the jack or bowl in this way should decide where that position is. If this person cannot accurately identify the former position, they should put the jack or bowl as near as possible to its former position.

15 Jack or bowl in its original course: a jack or a bowl from its delivery until it comes to rest, no matter how many times (for a bowl) it comes into contact with the jack or other bowls before it comes to rest or becomes dead.

16 Jack or bowl in motion: a jack or a bowl which is moving during play after it has been at rest as part of the head.

Notes



Section 5 – The game

18 Starting the game

1 Before the start of play in any game, or before continuing an unfinished game on another day, one trial end should be played in each direction.

2 For domestic play, the Controlling Body can limit the number of trial ends to be played (no trial ends or one trial end in one direction). It can also decide whether the trial ends are played immediately before or immediately after the scheduled start time for the game.

3 Trial ends should be played on the same rink that the game will be played on.

4 Each player should not use more than the number of bowls being used during the game.

5 Each player can use any combination of bowls taken from different sets of bowls.

6 The opponents of the team which started the first trial end should start the second trial end.

7 The team which starts the trial end should place the mat, deliver the jack and place the jack on the centre line of the rink at a distance they choose from the mat line (the distance should not be changed during the course of the trial end).

8 When each bowl comes to rest, any player or the marker can remove it and place it towards the front ditch.

9 If a bowl moves the jack, the jack should be put back to its former position.

Comments

Trial ends do not form part of the game, however, there are a number of stipulations which are highlighted below:

Interesting additions to this Law:

The introduction of 18.2, 18.3, 18.4,

Covers the trial end scenario clearly.

Especially 18.2 and 18.5.

Notes



18.2 Tossing for opening play

1 The managers in a side game (or, in their absence, representatives of the sides), skips in a team game or opponents in Singles should toss a coin.

2 The winner of the toss should choose whether to:

• place the mat and deliver the jack and the first bowl; or

• tell the opposing player to place the mat and deliver the jack and the first bowl (the opposing player cannot refuse).

3 The option chosen by the manager or representative who wins the toss in a side game will apply to all teams or Singles players (or a combination of teams and

Singles players) who make up the side.

18.3 The start of play

1 In any game, the start of play is the delivery of the jack by the first player to play in the first end.

2 In any end, the start of play is the delivery of the jack by the first player to play in that end.

18.4 Play in other ends

In all ends after the first but apart from in an extra end, the winner of the previous scoring end should choose whether to:

• place the mat and deliver the jack and the first bowl; or

• tell the opposing player to place the mat and deliver the jack and the first bowl (the opposing player cannot refuse).

Comments

The toss is carried out after the Trial ends according to the order in which the laws are written, however, it is normal for the toss to be done off the green before the trial ends.

When the managers of a side game have tossed and made the decision who should go first, it will apply to all rinks in that side.

We no longer ALLOW our opposition

To have the mat and jack. We can now

TELL the opposition to have the mat and jack.

Notes



19.1 At the start of each end

1 Before the start of play in each end, the player to play first should place the centre line of the mat lengthwise along the centre line of the rink, with the mat line at least 2 metres from the rear ditch and at least 25 metres from the front ditch.

2 If, before the jack has been delivered, a player or the marker finds that the mat has not been placed as described in paragraph 1 above, the player to play first should correctly position the mat.

3 If, after the jack has been delivered but before the first bowl is delivered, a player or the marker finds that the mat line has not been positioned within the distances described in paragraph 1 above, the

4

5 opposing player should place the mat as described in paragraph 1 and re-deliver the jack, making sure that it is centred, but the opposing player should not play first.

After the first player to play has delivered the first bowl, no-one has the right to challenge the legality of the original distance of the mat line from the rear and front ditches.

the rear edge of the groundsheet.

If one or more groundsheets are to be used

(outdoor play only), the Controlling Body should consult the nominated greenkeeper and then decide where the groundsheets will be placed for the first end and every end after that. The mat line should be placed on

After the start of play in any end, the mat should not be moved from its original position except in the following circumstances.

1 If the mat is displaced, it should be replaced in its original position.

2 If the mat is out of line with the centre line, it should be straightened on that line.

3 If the mat is off the centre line, it should be moved to that line.

4 If a player picks up the mat before the end has been completed, an opposing player should replace the mat in its original position.

6 After the last bowl required to be played in each end has been delivered, a player or the marker should lift the mat and place it completely beyond the face of the rear bank.

Opponents in Singles can, however, agree to carry the mat up the rink so that they can use it at the next end.

Ditches.

Comments

See Figure 3 for definitions of Mat Line,

Centre Line and Rear and Front

The photo below shows the mat placed less than

2m from the rear ditch

If the jack is delivered from an illegally placed mat it should be returned and redelivered by the OPPOSING player who can reset the mat.

This can only happen BEFORE the first bowl has been delivered as NO-ONE can challenge the position after delivery of the bowl.

If groundsheets are used, they can be placed in different positions on different rinks and should remain in those positions for the duration of the game.

See Figure 11 for position of mats in relation to groundsheets.

Straightforward Law describing the actions to be taken if the mat is moved during an end.

The only direction the mat cannot be moved is up or down the rink.

When the end is complete the mat must be placed clear of the face of the bank so as not to provide a visual guide to players.

Notes



20 Position on the mat

1 Before delivery a player should be standing on the mat with one foot fully on the mat. At the moment they deliver the jack or a bowl, the player should have all or part of one foot on or above the mat.

2 Before delivery a player using an approved wheelchair should have one wheel on the mat and, at the moment they deliver the jack or a bowl, the player should have all or part of one wheel on or above the mat.

3 Any player not meeting the terms of this law is committing a foot-fault, and law 21 will apply.

21 Foot-faulting

1 If the umpire, either by their own observation or on appeal by one of the skips or opponents in Singles, decides that a player has not met the terms of law 20, the umpire should, on the first occasion, warn the player in the presence of the skip and advise the manager or the coach when they are present that a warning has been given.

2 On each occasion after this, the umpire should have the player’s bowl stopped and declared dead.

3 If it has not been possible to stop the bowl and it disturbs the head, the opponent should choose whether to:

• replace the head;

• leave the head as altered; or

• declare the end dead.

4 If a player has been given a warning and still fails to meet the terms of law 20 while delivering the jack, law 23.2 will apply.

Comments

This law has an enforceable penalty

(Law 21). When applying this law it should be considered whether you believe the player is seeking to gain an advantage in his delivery position.

See Figure 7.

This is the penalty clause associated with Law 20. If an appeal is made by a player or the umpire spots a breach of

Law 20 then this law describes the action that should be taken.

The key to applying this penalty is being subtle and tactful about it. Avoid making a scene by having a quiet word with the player or the skip. It is quite rare for a breach of this law to result in the penalty actually being applied.

Notes



22

Notes

Delivering the jack

1 Before the jack is delivered, the mat should be placed as described in law 19.1.1. The player to play first should deliver the jack and make sure that it is centred.

2 If the jack in its original course comes to rest less than 2 metres from the front ditch, it should be placed on the centre line of the rink with the nearest point of the jack to the mat line being 2 metres from the front ditch.

This should be done by:

• placing the jack at a mark on the centre line of the rink measuring a distance of 2 metres from the front ditch (see diagram

1 in appendix B.3); or

• placing the jack alongside the edge of a

2-metre measuring device (for example, a thin wooden batten which is 2 metres long - see diagram 2 in appendix B.3)

3 If, in its original course, the jack is displaced by one of the other players, law 33.1.1 will apply.

4 If, in its original course, the jack is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object, law

33.3.1 will apply.

5 If, before a bowl has been played by each team, a player notices that the wrong team has delivered the jack, the correct team will re-start the end.

6 If, after a bowl has been played by each team, a player notices that the wrong team has delivered the jack, play in that end should continue in that order.

7 After the first player to play has delivered the first bowl, no-one has the right to challenge the legality of the original position of the jack.

Comments

Figure 3 shows the position of the jack in relation to a 2 metre mark placed on the centre line of the rink.

Appendix B3 also shows a graphical representation of this law.

If the wrong team delivers the jack and only one bowl has been delivered then the end is restarted by the correct team.

If each team has delivered one bowl, then the end continues in the “incorrect” order of play.



23

Group Two

Improper delivery of the jack

1 The jack has been improperly delivered if it comes to rest:

• in the ditch;

• completely outside the boundaries of the rink;

• less than 23 metres from the mat line after the jack has been centred;

• on the rink after contact with the face of the bank; or

• on the rink after contact with any object or person completely outside the boundaries of the rink.

2 If a player improperly delivers the jack, the opposing player should place the mat as described in law 19.1.1 and re-deliver the jack, making sure that it is centred, but the opposing player should not play first.

3 If the jack is improperly delivered once by each player in any end, it should not be delivered again in that end. Instead, it should be centred with the nearest point of the jack to the mat line being 2 metres from the front ditch, and the mat should be placed as described in law 19.1.1 by the first player to play.

4 If the jack is improperly delivered once by each player and the end is then declared dead, law 31.4 will apply.

Comments

A 23 metre jack measure is quite common. The measurement is taken from the centre of the mat-line to a centred jack. Ask the players to centre the jack before carrying out the measure or do it yourself.

If called on to do a 23m jack measure, check with the players if it is the first or second cast. If it is the second cast and it is less than 23m place it on the 2m mark. Tell the players why if they don’t know.

If the end is declared dead the player that cast the original jack in that end restarts it.

Notes



The following pages compare Sections 7 and 8 relating to movement of Bowls and Jack

The equivalent laws have been placed side by side for comparison and ease of discussion

Section 6 – Movement of Bowls Section 7 – Movement of the Jack

24 Touchers

1 A bowl in its original course which touches the jack, even though it comes to rest in the ditch within the boundaries of the rink of play, is a live bowl and is called a toucher.

If a bowl in its original course does not touch the jack, it is called a non-toucher.

2 A bowl is also a toucher if, after having come to rest:

• it falls and touches the jack before the next bowl is delivered; or

• in the case of the last bowl of an end, it falls and touches the jack within the period of 30 seconds that applies under law

40.1.

3 No bowl will be a toucher if it plays onto, or comes into contact with, the jack when the jack is in the ditch.

4 The position of a toucher in the ditch should be marked by a brightly coloured indicator not more than 50 millimetres wide and not more than 100 millimetres high, and which is fixed vertically either against the face of the bank or on top of the bank, immediately in line with the toucher. As well as the indicator, if the surface of the ditch is sand, lines can be drawn in the sand around the toucher. If the surface of the ditch is vegetation or synthetic, the lines can be drawn with chalk.

29

Comments

Remember the definition of a bowl in its original course

Check the position of the jack in the ditch yourself in case it gets displaced.

In the photo, the position of the jack and a toucher has been indicated on the bank.

Live jack in the ditch

1 A jack that is moved by a bowl in play into the front ditch within the side boundaries of the rink of play is a live jack.

2 The position of a jack in the ditch should be marked by a white indicator, which is not more than 50 millimetres wide and not more than

100 millimetres high and is placed vertically either against the face of the bank or on top of the bank, immediately in line with the jack. As well as the indicator, if the surface of the ditch is sand, lines can be drawn in the sand around the jack.

If the surface of the ditch is vegetation or synthetic, the lines can be drawn with chalk.

Notes



Section 6 – Movement of Bowls

Group Two

Section 7 – Movement of the Jack

25 Marking a toucher

1 A toucher should be marked with chalk by a member of the team that delivered the bowl or the marker as soon as it comes to rest.

2 If, in the opinion of either skip or opponent or the marker, a toucher comes to rest in a position in which marking it would be likely to move the bowl or alter the head, the bowl should not be marked but nominated as a toucher instead.

3 If, before the next delivered bowl comes to rest or, in the case of the last bowl of an end, before a period of 30 seconds that applies under law 40.1, a bowl is neither marked nor nominated, it is no longer a toucher.

4 If a bowl has been nominated as either a toucher or a non-toucher, and both skips or the opponents in

Singles agree that further movement of the bowl means it should no longer be nominated, the bowl should be marked or have its mark removed as appropriate.

5 If a player fails to remove a mark from a bowl before delivery and that bowl does not become a toucher, a member of the opposing team or the marker should remove the mark as soon as the bowl comes to rest.

6 If, in the opinion of either skip or opponent or the marker, a wrongly marked bowl comes to rest in such a position that removing the mark would be likely to move the bowl or alter the head, the mark should not be removed and the bowl should instead be nominated as a nontoucher.

Comments

It’s as well to remember, if asked to deal with a bowl not chalked:

•

Was it nominated

•

If it is in the ditch has it been indicated with the recognised markers.

Notes

Comments




Group Two


26 Movement of touchers

1 The position of a toucher in the ditch will be validly altered if the toucher is moved by:

• a jack in play;

• another toucher in play; or

• a non-toucher while it is partly on the rink and partly overhanging the ditch, as long as part of the non-toucher is still on the rink when it comes to rest after it has moved the toucher.

2 If a toucher in the ditch is moved by a non-toucher entering the ditch, law 28.7 will apply.

3 If, once its position has been marked, there is further valid movement of a toucher in the ditch as described in paragraph 1 above, its new position should be marked as described in law 24.4 by moving the indicators and removing and redrawing the lines as appropriate.

3 The position of a jack in the ditch will be validly altered if the jack is moved by either:

• a toucher in play; or

• a non-toucher while it is partly on the rink and partly overhanging the ditch, as long as part of the non-toucher is still on the rink when it comes to rest after it has moved the jack.

4 If a jack in the ditch is displaced by a non-toucher entering the ditch , law 33.5.2 will apply.

5 If, once its position has been marked, there is further valid movement of a jack in the ditch (as described in paragraph 3 above), its new position should be marked

(as described in paragraph 2 above) by moving the indicators or removing and redrawing the lines as appropriate.

Comments

The photo below shows a non-toucher resting on a toucher in the ditch. If the non-toucher falls into the ditch the toucher is replaced to its former position.

Comments

The photo below shows a non-toucher resting on the jack in the ditch. If the non-toucher falls into the ditch then the jack is replaced to its former position.

Notes




Group Two


1 A bowl is a dead bowl if:

• it is not a toucher and comes to rest in the ditch;

• it is not a toucher and rebounds onto the rink after contact with the face of the bank or with the jack or a toucher in the ditch;

• after completing its original course or after being moved as a result of play, it comes to rest less than 14 metres as measured in a straight line from the mat line;

• it passes completely outside the boundaries of the rink of play after being moved as a result of play;

• in its original course, it passes outside a side boundary of the rink on a bias which would prevent it from re-entering the rink of play; or

• in its original course, it comes to rest outside a side boundary of the rink even though it may have come to rest in contact with the outside edge of a line jack.

1 If the jack is moved by a bowl in play, it is a dead jack if it:

• passes above the face of the

• bank;

• passes completely outside a side boundary of the rink of play; comes to rest in any hollow in the face of the bank; or

• comes to rest at a distance of less than 20 metres as measured in a straight line from the mat line.

Comments

The 14m measure will be demonstrated on the green and is shown in Exercise 12.

The photo below shows a bowl that is not completely outside the boundary of the right hand rink and is therefore live.

Comments

The 20m measure will be demonstrated on the green and is shown in Exercise 13.

The photo below shows a jack that is not completely outside the boundary of the left hand rink and is therefore live.

Notes




Group Two


2 A bowl is not a dead bowl if:

• it is carried by a player while inspecting the head;

• in its original course, it comes to rest within the boundaries of the rink even though it may have passed outside a side boundary of the rink during its course;

• it is a toucher which rebounds from the face of the bank onto the rink of play;

• it is a toucher which comes to rest on top of the jack or another toucher at rest in the ditch; or

• it comes to rest on top of the jack or any bowls that are at rest within the boundaries of the rink.

3 The skips or opponents in Singles should decide whether a bowl is dead or not as soon as they realise it is necessary. (If the players do not realise that a decision is necessary as soon as the bowl comes to rest, the decision can still be made even if a number of bowls have been played after the bowl in question came to rest.) If they cannot reach agreement, they should ask the umpire to make a decision.

4 A dead bowl should be removed from the rink of play as soon as it has been declared dead.

Comments

A bowl is live if it comes to rest on top of bowls and the jack on the rink or in the ditch.

Watch for line bowls as you may be asked to make a decision. Make yourself available at the end of the rink. There is also nothing wrong with letting the players know that they need to check the bowl.

2 A jack is not a dead jack if it comes to rest:

• on top of a toucher at rest in the ditch; or

• on top of any bowls that are at rest within the boundaries of the rink.

3 The skips or opponents in Singles should decide whether a jack is dead or not as soon as they realise it is necessary. (If the players do not realise that a decision is necessary as soon as the jack comes to rest, the decision can still be made even if a number of bowls have been played after the jack came to rest.) If they cannot reach agreement, they should ask the umpire to make a decision.

4 If the jack is dead, the end is a dead end and law 31 will apply.

Comments

A jack is not dead if it rests on top of bowls on the green or in the ditch

Check for line jacks as you may be asked to make a decision as with the line bowl. Make yourself available at the end of the rink.

Notes




Group Two


1 A dead end is not counted as a completed end even if all the bowls required to be played have been played.

2 A dead end should be replayed in the same direction unless the skips or opponents in Singles agree to play it in the opposite direction.

3 If the jack and bowls need to be transferred to the opposite end of the rink before the end is replayed, they should be carried up the rink.

4 If the skips or opponents in Singles or the umpire declare an end dead, the first to play in that end should also play first when the end is replayed.

The end will continue if:

• when the jack is at rest on the rink, it is driven against the face of the bank and rebounds onto the rink of play; or

• when the jack is at rest in the ditch, it is moved by a toucher and this takes it back onto the rink.

Comments Comments

A dead end must be played in the same direction unless by agreement. The first to play in the end should play first again, there is no option to give the jack away again.

Notes




Group Two


28.1 Bowl displacement by another player

1 Displacement of a bowl in its original course that has not disturbed the head before it is displaced

•

If the bowl is displaced by a member of the team that delivered the bowl and it has not disturbed the head after it is displaced, the opposing skip should declare the bowl dead.

•

If the bowl is displaced by a member of the team that delivered the bowl and it has disturbed the head after it is displaced, the opposing skip should:

replace the head; and

declare the bowl dead.

•

If the bowl is displaced by an opponent and it has not disturbed the head after it is displaced, the skip of the team that played the bowl should choose whether to:

have the bowl replayed;

place the bowl where the skip believes it would have come to rest; or

leave the bowl where it came to rest.

•

If the bowl is displaced by an opponent and it has disturbed the head after it is displaced, the skip of the team that played the bowl should choose whether to:

replace the head and have the bowl replayed;

replace the head and place the bowl where the skip believes it would have come to rest; or

declare the end dead.

33.1 Jack displacement by another player

1 Displacement of a jack in its original course

•

If a jack in its original course is displaced by a member of the team that delivered the jack, the opposing lead should place the mat as described in law 19.1.1 and redeliver the jack, making sure that it is centred, but should not play first.

•

If a jack in its original course is displaced by an opponent, it should be re-delivered by the same player.

Comments

Ensure you fully understand the definition of

Original Course

Comments

Ensure you fully understand the definition of

Original Course

Notes

Refer to the flowchart for a simple guide to Law 28.1




Group Two


2 Displacement of a bowl in its original course that has disturbed the head before it is displaced

•

If a bowl has disturbed the head before it is displaced by a player, this disturbance is valid. (The opposing skip should not replace any part of the head that has been disturbed before the displacement.)

•

If the bowl is displaced by a player and it has not disturbed the head after it is displaced, the opposing skip should choose whether to:



•

If the bowl is displaced by a player and it has disturbed the head after it is displaced, the opposing skip should replace any part of the head disturbed after the displacement and choose whether to:



Comments

Do not get drawn in and suggest where you thought the bowl would come to rest.

Comments

Notes




Group Two


3

4

Displacement of a bowl in motion

•

If a bowl in motion is displaced by a player and it has not disturbed the head after it is displaced, the opposing skip should choose whether to:



•

If a bowl in motion is displaced by a player and it has disturbed the head after it is displaced, the opposing skip should choose whether to:

place the bowl where the skip believes it would have come to rest and replace any part of the head disturbed after the displacement; or


Displacement of a bowl at rest

•

If a bowl at rest or a toucher in the ditch is displaced by a player and it has not disturbed the head after it is displaced, the opposing skip should put the bowl back to its former position.

•

If a bowl at rest or a toucher in the ditch is displaced by a player and it has disturbed the head after it is displaced, the opposing skip should put the bowl back to its former position and replace any part of the head disturbed after the displacement.

28.2 Bowl displacement by a wheelchair

If a bowl is displaced by a wheelchair, the wheelchair should be treated as if it was the wheelchair player for all purposes under law 28.1.

2 Displacement of a jack in motion

If a jack in motion is displaced by a player, the opposing skip or opponent in

Singles can choose whether to:

• place the jack where they believe it would have come to rest and replace any part of the head disturbed by the displaced jack; or


3 Displacement of a jack at rest

If a jack at rest within the rink of play is displaced by a player, the opposing skip or opponent in Singles should put the jack back to its former position.

33.2 Jack displacement by a wheelchair

If a jack is displaced by a wheelchair, the wheelchair should be treated as if it was the wheelchair player for all purposes under law 33.1.

Comments

Ensure you know the definition of a Bowl in

Motion and also the Former Position

Comments

Do not get drawn in and suggest where you thought the jack would come to rest.

Ensure you know the definition of a Jack in

Motion and also the Former Position

Notes




28.3 Bowl displacement by a neutral person or neutral object

1 Displacement of a bowl in its original course that has not disturbed the head before it is displaced

•

If the bowl is displaced within the boundaries of the rink of play by a neutral person or neutral object and it has not disturbed the head after it is displaced, the bowl should be replayed.

•

If the bowl is displaced within the boundaries of the rink of play by a neutral person or neutral object and it has disturbed the head after it is displaced, the skips or opponents in

Singles should agree how to replace the head and then have the bowl replayed. If they cannot agree, they should declare the end dead.

•

If the bowl, running on a bias that would have brought it back into the rink of play, is displaced outside the boundaries of the rink of play by a neutral person or neutral object and it has not disturbed the head after it is displaced, the bowl should be replayed.

•

If the bowl, running on a bias that would have brought it back into the rink of play, is displaced outside the boundaries of the rink of play by a neutral person or neutral object and it has disturbed the head after it is displaced, the skips or opponents in

Singles should agree how to replace the head and then have the bowl replayed. If they cannot agree, they should declare the end dead.

Comments

Usually, a joint decision always ends with a good result.

33.3 Jack displacement by a neutral person or neutral object

1 Displacement of a jack in its original course

If a jack in its original course is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object, it should be re-delivered by the same player.

Comments

Notes




2 Displacement of a bowl in its original course that has disturbed the head before it is displaced

•

If a bowl has disturbed the head before it is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object, this disturbance is valid. (The skips or opponents in Singles should not replace any part of the head that has been disturbed before the displacement.)

•

If the bowl is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object and it has not disturbed the head after it is displaced, the skips or opponents in

Singles should agree where the bowl would have come to rest. If they cannot agree, they should declare the end dead.

•

If the bowl is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object and it has disturbed the head after it is displaced, the skips or opponents in

Singles should agree where the bowl would have come to rest and how to replace any part of the head disturbed after the displacement. If they cannot agree, they should declare the end dead.

Comments


Comments

Notes




3

4


•

If a bowl in motion is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object and it has not disturbed the head after it is displaced, the skips or opponents in

Singles should agree where the bowl would have come to rest. If they cannot agree, they should declare the end dead.

•

If a bowl in motion is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object and it has disturbed the head after it is displaced, the skips or opponents in

Singles should agree where the bowl would have come to rest and how to replace any part of the head disturbed after the displacement. If they cannot agree, they should declare the end dead.

Displacement of a bowl at rest

•

If a bowl at rest is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object and it has not disturbed the head after it is displaced, the skips or opponents in

Singles should agree on the position of the bowl. If they cannot agree, they should declare the end dead.

•

If a bowl at rest is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object and it has disturbed the head after it is displaced, the skips or opponents in

Singles should agree on the position of the bowl and how to replace any part of the head disturbed after the displacement. If they cannot agree, they should declare the end dead.

Comments


2

3

Displacement of a jack in motion

If a jack in motion is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object, the skips or opponents in Singles should place the jack where they believe it would have come to rest. If they cannot agree on the jack’s final position, the end should be declared dead.

Displacement of a jack at rest

If a jack at rest within the rink of play is displaced by a neutral person or neutral object, it should be put back to its former position. If the skips or opponents in

Singles cannot agree on the jack’s former position, the end should be declared dead.

Comments


Notes




28.4 Bowl displacement when being marked as a toucher or during measuring

1 If a bowl is displaced by a player when marking it as a toucher, or by the equipment being used by a player during measuring, an opponent should put it back to its former position.

2

3

If a bowl is displaced by the marker when marking it as a toucher, or by the equipment being used by the marker during measuring, the marker should put the bowl back to a position agreed by the opponents. If the opponents cannot agree, the marker should put the bowl back to its former position.

If a bowl is displaced by the equipment being used by the umpire during measuring, the umpire should put the bowl back to its former position.

28.5 Bowl displacement by a rebounding

1

2

Displacement of a bowl in its original course

If a bowl in its original course is displaced by a non-toucher rebounding from the face of the bank, an opponent or the marker should place the displaced bowl where they believe it would have come to rest.


If a bowl in motion is displaced by a nontoucher rebounding from the face of the bank, the skips or opponents in Singles should put the displaced bowl where they believe it would have come to rest. If they cannot agree on the bowl’s final position, the end should be declared dead.

Comments

The opponent, in the case of a rebounding nontoucher, is the opponent of the player in possession of the rink who caused the bowl to rebound.

33.4 Jack displacement during measuring

1 If the jack is displaced by the equipment being used by a player during measuring, an opponent should put it back to its former position.

2 If the jack is displaced by the equipment being used by the marker during measuring, the marker should put the jack back to a position agreed by the opponents. If the opponents cannot agree, the marker should put the jack back to its former position.

3

3 If the jack is displaced by the equipment being used by the umpire during measuring, the umpire should put the jack back to its former position.

33.5 Jack displacement by a non-toucher

1 If a jack at rest on the rink is displaced by a non-toucher rebounding from the face of the bank, an opponent or the marker should put it back to its former position.

If a jack in motion is displaced by a nontoucher rebounding from the face of the bank, the skips or opponents in Singles should put the jack where they believe it would have come to rest. If they cannot agree on the jack’s final position, the end should be declared dead.

Comments

In a critical measure such as a game decider, would you consider apologising to the players and under such circumstances suggest the end becomes dead. As you moved the jack it would seem a fair solution

The above is a question for debate

Notes




3 Displacement of a bowl at rest

If a bowl at rest or a toucher in the ditch is displaced by a non-toucher rebounding from the face of the bank, an opponent or the marker should put it back to its former position.

28.6 Bowl displacement by a bowl from a


2 If a jack at rest in the ditch is displaced by a non-toucher entering the ditch , an opponent or the marker should put it back to its former position.

33.6 Jack displacement by a bowl from a

1

2

If a bowl at rest on the rink is in danger of being moved by a bowl from a neighbouring rink, any player at the head can choose whether to:

• lift the bowl at rest to allow the other bowl to pass and then replace it, as long as this action would not influence the outcome of the head; or

• stop the bowl from the neighbouring rink.

If, during a Singles game, a bowl at rest on the rink is in danger of being moved by a bowl from a neighbouring rink, the marker should stop the bowl from the

3 neighbouring rink.

If a bowl that has been stopped was in its original course and was delivered on a bias that would have taken it back into its own rink, it should be replayed.

28.7 Bowl displacement by a dead bowl

If a toucher in the ditch is displaced by a dead bowl from the rink of play, an opponent or the marker should put it back to its former position.

If a jack at rest on the rink is in danger of being moved by a bowl from a neighbouring rink, any player at the head or the marker should stop the bowl. If the bowl was in its original course and was delivered on a bias that would have taken it back into its own rink, it should be replayed.

Comments Comments

Notes



Section 8 – Play, players and their duties

34.1 Number of players

A team should consist of two, three or four players as defined in law 1.2.3.

34.2 Order of play

1 The leads should play their bowls in turn, followed by each pair of players in their order of play.

2 If a player delivers a bowl before the previous bowl has come to rest, the umpire should, on the first occasion, warn the player in the presence of the skip and advise the manager or the coach when they are present that a warning has been given. On each occasion after this, the umpire should declare the player’s bowl dead. If that bowl has disturbed the head, the opposing skip or opponent in

Singles should choose whether to:




3 The positions of players within a team should not be changed after the first end has been completed unless the change is necessary because a substitute is introduced as described in law 51.

4 If players in a team game change positions when paragraph 3 above does not apply, the team will be disqualified and they will forfeit the game to their opponents.

5 If players in a side game change positions within a team when paragraph 3 above does not apply, or if they change teams, the side will be disqualified and they will forfeit the game to their opponents.

Comments

This law should be dealt with cautiously.

Many players will not be aware of this so deal with the situation with care perhaps offering advice before giving warnings. It is hoped that the penalty will be used rarely

Players cannot change position in a team game, such as County fours, unless a substitute is necessary

If they do, then the team changing positions will be disqualified.

Similarly in a side game, players cannot change positions or they forfeit the game.

Notes



35

Group Two

Possession of the rink

1 Possession of the rink will belong to the player or team whose bowl is being played.

2 As soon as each bowl comes to rest, possession of the rink will transfer to the opposing player or team after allowing time for marking a toucher as soon as it comes to rest.

3 If the umpire, either by their own observation or on appeal by one of the skips or opponents in Singles, decides that the players in possession of the rink are being interfered with, annoyed or distracted in any way by their opponents, the umpire should, on the first occasion, warn the offending player in the presence of the skip and advise the manager or the coach when they are present that a warning has been given.

4 On each occasion after this, the umpire should have the bowl last played by the offending player or team declared dead. If that bowl has disturbed the head, the opponent should choose whether to:




Comments

This should be read in conjunction of

Law 36 Position of players

Breach of the rink possession law carries a penalty, however, this law should be used with caution and the intention of the law should be understood.

There are only three words that apply in this law:

If you notice, or players complain that they are being ANNOYED,

DISTRACTED or INTERFERED WITH in any way then action can be taken otherwise stay away even if the positioning of the players is not fully in line with Law 36.

As with similar penalty laws, deal with this politely and professionally without making a scene.

USE COMMONSENSE

Notes



36 Position of players

36.1 In relation to the rink of play

1 Players at the mat-end of the rink who are not delivering a bowl should stand at least 1 metre behind the mat.

2 Players at the head-end of the rink who are not controlling play should stand:

• behind the jack and away from the head;

• on the surrounds of the green if the jack is in the ditch; or

• well clear of the head if it is not possible to stand on the surrounds.

3 As soon as a bowl is delivered, a player who is controlling play, if they are in front of the jack, should take their position as described in paragraph 2 above.

4 If a player does not meet the terms of this law, law 35 will apply.

36.2 In relation to a neighbouring rink

1 A player should not go into a neighbouring rink where play is in progress.

2 A player should neither go into nor walk along a neighbouring rink, even if it is not being used, while an opponent is about to deliver or is actually delivering a bowl.

3 If the rink of play is an outside rink (see law

5.6), a player should neither go into nor walk along the section of green that lies between the outside side boundary of the rink and the side ditch while an opponent is about to deliver or is actually delivering a bowl.


Comments

This should be read in conjunction of

Law 35 Possession of the Rink.

Remember that even if the players are not in the correct position, you should not impose the penalty in Law 35 unless the opposition are being ANNOYED,

DISTRACTED or INTERFERED WITH.

This law is intended to prevent players wandering up the next rink and stopping in the middle waiting for the opposition to bowl. It also applies to the strip of green between the outside rink boundary and the side ditch.

Advise the players of this before imposing penalties and do it without causing a scene.

USE COMMONSENSE

Notes



37

Group Two

Players and their duties

1 The skip will have sole charge of the team and all players in the team should follow the skip’s instructions.

2 The skip should decide all disputed points with the opposing skip, making sure that any decision reached is in line with the Laws of the Sport of Bowls.

3 If the skips need to check any part of the

Laws of the Sport of Bowls before reaching a decision, they should ask the umpire for an explanation.

4 If the umpire considers that a decision reached by the skips is not in line with the

Laws of the Sport of Bowls, the umpire should overrule that decision so that it is in line with the laws.

5 If the skips cannot reach agreement on any disputed point, they should ask the umpire to make a decision. The umpire’s decision is final.

6 If the Controlling Body has not appointed an umpire, the skips should choose a competent neutral person to act as the umpire.

7 The skip in a Pairs game should perform the duties of the second, as described in law

37.3.

8 Skips can, at any time, delegate their own powers and any of their own duties (except those described in paragraph 7 above) to any other members of the team as long as they tell the opposing skip immediately.

The third can measure any and all disputed shots.

Comments

Being in charge of the team, the Skip is the decision maker and his instructions should be followed.

The Skips have the right to decide the shots and carry out any measures

They should seek clarification of the laws from an Umpire.

If a decision has already been made but it is not in line with the laws then the

Umpire can overrule the decision. For example: the skips may decide that a stationary bowl should be declared dead if it is displaced by an opponent.

This of course is not the case, it is simply replaced to its former position and the Umpire would advise on this.

Skips can only delegate the duties and powers listed in clauses 1 to 6

The sole duty of the third is to measure any disputed shots if the skips allow.

Notes



1 The second should:

• be responsible for the score card supplied by the Controlling Body while play is in progress;

• enter the names of all players of both teams on the score card;

• record, on the score card, all shots scored for and against the team as each end is completed;

• compare the score card with that of the opposing second as each end is completed; and

• at the end of the game, hand the score card to the skip who should record on it the time that the game finished and then sign it.

2 If a Member National Authority agrees to a scoreboard being used instead of one of the score cards, the second of the team which won the toss for opening play should update the scoreboard and the opposing second should deal with the score card as described in paragraph 1 above.

The lead of the team to play first in an end should:

• place the mat as described in law 19.1.1; and

• deliver the jack and make sure that it is centred before delivering the first bowl of the end.

Comments

Only the second player is in charge of the scorecard and this includes Triples play.

Ask the Seconds to carry the card in

Triples but if the skips insist that they do it then there is little that can be done.

USE COMMONSENSE

A scoreboard can be used in place of one of the scorecards.

The leads duties are quite straightforward but there may be occasions where another team member has to carry out these duties, such as partially sighted bowlers not being able to centre the jack.

Along with the duties mentioned in the previous paragraphs of law 37, players can carry out any other duties assigned to them by their skip as described in law 37.1.8.

Notes



1 Wheelchairs should be of a type approved by both WB and the Governing Body for wheelchair bowlers in the country in which the player is playing.

2 A player who has a physical disability will be allowed to use a support or an artificial limb

(or both) when delivering the jack or a bowl, or when walking on the green. The support should have a base covered with rubber or a similar material. This base should measure at least 76 millimetres across, and it can be placed on or next to the mat.

3 Partially sighted and blind bowlers can use any form of assistance necessary (including having an assistant with them) to allow them to take part in the sport of bowls, as long as the assistance is approved by the Governing

Body for partially sighted and blind bowlers in the country in which the player is playing.

4 The person assisting a partially sighted or blind bowler will not be breaking law 58.3 if the assistant:

• repeats the skip’s instructions to the player;

• helps to direct the player; or

• tells the player where the jack or a bowl came to rest.

5 For domestic play, Member National

Authorities can approve the use of artificial devices for delivering the jack or a bowl.

Comments

USE COMMONSENSE with this law.

It is a guide to what can be used by disabled players to enable them to play the game.

Notes



Section 9 – Result of an end

1 A shot or shots refers to the bowl or bowls

(called shot bowls) which is or are nearer to the jack than the nearest bowl played by the opposing team or opponent in Singles.

2 No bowl should be moved until the opponents have agreed whether it is a shot or not, except where a bowl has to be moved so that another bowl can be measured.

3 As the shots are agreed, each shot bowl can be removed from the head.

4 Shot bowls can be placed in a group where they will not interfere with measuring.

5 If shot bowls have been placed in a group, the number of bowls in the group should be agreed by the opponents.

6 The skips and the seconds or the marker where appropriate should be told (or have signalled to them) the number of shots scored in each end.

Comments

Law 28.1 Displacement of bowls may apply if bowls are moved without agreement.

Notes



40

Notes

Deciding the number of shots scored

1 The process of deciding the number of shots scored should not start until the last bowl required to be played in an end has come to rest, or 30 seconds after that if either skip or opponent in Singles asks for this 30-second period (for example, to see whether or not a bowl lying at an angle will fall of its own accord within that time).

2 If either skip or opponent in Singles has asked for a 30-second period, no bowl which is likely to fall should be secured during that period.

3 No measuring will be allowed before the process of deciding the number of shots scored starts (as described in paragraph 1 above).

4 All measurements should be made between the nearest points of the jack and the bowl.

5 When measuring between a jack in the ditch and a bowl on the green or a jack on the green and a bowl in the ditch, the measurement should be carried out using a flexible or string measure whenever possible.

6 At any time during the process of deciding the number of shots scored:

• if a bowl is likely to fall, either opponent can use the best available means to secure it in its position;

• if a bowl needs to be measured and it is currently resting on another bowl which is interfering with the measurement in any way, any player should use the best available means to secure the resting bowl in its position and then remove the other bowl;

• if a bowl falls of its own accord, it should be left in its new position while deciding the number of shots scored continues, and all the shots agreed before the bowl fell will count;

• if a bowl is displaced by the equipment being used during measuring, law 28.4 will apply; and

• if the jack is displaced by the equipment being used during measuring, law 33.4 will apply.

Comments

As a marker do not wedge any bowls until either 30 seconds has elapsed, if players have asked for it, or unless you are asked to carry out a measure.

Keep an eye on your watch so that if you are asked to wait 30 seconds you have already made a note of it from the time the last bowl came to rest.

Measurements are deemed to be made by inanimate objects. The use of fingers or feet during the end is not considered measuring.

If the bowl is overhanging the ditch, it is permissible to use callipers if necessary.

Bowls can be wedged at any time during the measuring process.

Care should be taken to ascertain if the bowl fell or was touched during measuring.



41

42

Notes

No shot scored – tied end

1 There will be no shot scored by either team if it is agreed that:

• the nearest bowl of each team is touching the jack;

• the nearest bowl of each team is the same distance from the jack; or

• no live bowls are left within the boundaries of the rink of play.

2 The end should be declared tied and recorded on the score card as a completed end.

3 Following a tied end, law 18.4 will apply.

4 If, however, the first end is a tied end, the first to play in that end should also play first in the second end.

Delivering the final bowl of an end

It is not compulsory for the last player to play in any end to deliver the final bowl of the end, but the player should tell the opposing skip or opponent in

Singles of the decision not to deliver the final bowl before the process of deciding the number of shots scored starts (as described in law 40.1). This decision is final.

Comments

If, as Umpire, you cannot separate the measured bowls then declare a tied end. Do not spend a long time trying to separate them.

Remind the players of this as they often don’t know what to put on the scorecard.

The winner of the previous scoring end has the options after a tied end.



Section 10 – Game decisions

45 A drawn game in a knockout (eliminating)

competition

1 In a knockout (eliminating) competition with a fixed number of ends, if the scores are equal when all ends have been played, an extra end should be played to decide the result.

2 The managers in a side game (or, in their absence, representatives of the sides), skips in a team game or opponents in Singles should toss a coin and the winner will decide who should play first as described in laws

18.2.2 and 18.2.3.

3 The extra end should be played from where the previous end was completed.

4 If an extra end is completed and the scores are still equal, another extra end should be played.

5 If more than one extra end is needed, the managers or representatives, skips or opponents should again toss a coin, and the winner will decide who should play first.

6 If an extra end is declared dead, law 31.4 will apply.

Comments

The winner of the toss in the Extra End has the option to start or to give the jack away.

In some competitions the toss for the extra end is done at the start of the game and may only involve one team in a side.

If more than one extra end is needed then a further coin toss will decide who starts as before.

If the extra end is killed then the player than started the end should start it again.

Notes



Section 11 – Defaults of players in Fours play

46 Absentee players in a team or side

46.1 In a team game

1 In a team game, the Controlling Body will decide on the eligibility of each member of the team. If a team introduces an ineligible player, the defaulting team will forfeit the game to their opponents.

2 If, within 30 minutes after the scheduled start time for a game, one or more players are absent from a team, the defaulting team will forfeit the game to their opponents.

46.2 In a side game

1 In a side game, the Controlling Body will decide on the eligibility of each member of the side. If a side introduces an ineligible player, the defaulting side will forfeit the game to their opponents.

2 If, within 30 minutes after the scheduled start time for a game, one player is absent from one or more teams in a side, the game should continue but:

• the number of bowls played by each defaulting team should be made up by the lead and second, both playing three bowls; and

• one fourth of the total shots scored

(including decimal places) by each defaulting team should be deducted from their score after the game has finished.

Comments

Some lenience is normally allowed for legitimate reasons such as traffic.

This can apply to more than one team in a side.

Notes



Section 12 – Irregularities

47 Irregularities during play

47.1 Playing out of turn

1 If a player plays out of turn, the opposing skip can stop the bowl and return it to the player to play it in the proper order.

2 If the bowl has come to rest and has not disturbed the head, the opposing skip should choose whether to:

• leave the head as it is and have their team play two bowls one after the other to get back to the proper order of play; or

• return the bowl and get back to the proper order of play.

3 If the bowl has disturbed the head, the opposing skip should choose whether to:

• leave the disturbed head as it is and have their team play two bowls one after the other to get back to the proper order of play;

• replace the head in its former position, return the bowl and go back to the proper order of play; or


47.2 Playing another player’s bowl

1 If a player plays another player’s bowl instead of their own, the other player’s bowl should be replaced with the player’s own bowl.

2 If the bowl which was replaced was marked or nominated as a toucher, the player’s own bowl should be marked or nominated as a toucher.

Comments

Two options for the opposing skip if the bowl HAS NOT disturbed the head

Three options for the opposing skip if the bowl HAS disturbed the head

Many players still get confused by this.

You may be asked to replace the bowl if it is in a critical position. Use wedges to get the position as accurate as possible.

Notes



1 If a player changes their set of bowls during an uninterrupted game, or during a game that has been stopped as described in law 50 and continued on the same day, the game should be forfeited to the opponent unless the player changes their set because a bowl has been damaged (see law 49).

2 If a game that has been stopped as described in law 50 is continued on another day, a player can use a different set of bowls to the set they used during the game that was stopped.

47.4 Failing to play

1 If the result of an end has been agreed or the process of deciding the number of shots scored has started (as described in law

40.1), a player who has failed to play a bowl

(either deliberately or accidentally) will lose the right to play the bowl.

2 If a bowl has been played by each team before the players discover that one of them has failed to play a bowl in the proper order, that player will lose the right to play the bowl.

Comments

A player can only change their bowls during a game if they are damaged otherwise they forfeit the game.

Remember they can use more than one set in trial ends.

If the game is resumed on another day then the players can use a different set of bowls.

This is different to opting not to play the last bowl of the end.

If a player forgets to play his bowl and two subsequent bowls have been delivered then the forgotten bowl is effectively dead.

Notes



Notes

1 If the jack is damaged during the course of play, the umpire should decide if a replacement jack is needed.

2 If a replacement jack is needed, the end will be declared dead and law 31 will apply.

1 If a bowl is damaged during the course of play, the umpire should decide if a replacement bowl is needed.

2 If a bowl that has been struck by another bowl during the course of play splits into pieces, the end should be declared dead.

3 In the circumstances described in paragraphs 1 and 2 above, the damaged bowl should be replaced by another bowl from the same set before the start of the next or replayed end as appropriate.

4 If a bowl at rest in the rink of play splits into pieces without having been struck by another bowl, the bowl should be replaced with another bowl from the same set and the end continued.

5 If a damaged bowl cannot be replaced by another bowl from the same set, all bowls in the damaged set should be replaced with bowls from a different set.

Comments

Law 31 describes a Dead End. If the damage is not too bad then try to wait until the end is completed before replacing the jack.

Damaged bowls should be replaced from the same set if possible. If not i.e. in the case of singles or pairs then a different set of bowls should be used.



Section 13 – Factors affecting play

Notes

1 If a game is stopped because of darkness, weather conditions or any other valid reason by:

• the Controlling Body;

• the umpire after an appeal has been made by the players; or

• agreement between the players when an umpire or a representative of the

Controlling Body is not present; the game should be continued either on the same day or on a different day. The scores will be as they were when the game was stopped.

2 If an end has started but all the required bowls have not been played, it should be declared dead. (The end should be declared dead even if one or more players choose to remain on the green during the stoppage.)

3 If all the required bowls in an end have been played but the process of deciding the number of shots scored (as described in law

40) has not been completed, the number of shots scored should be decided before the game stops.

4 Substitutes in a game that is being continued after a stoppage.

•

If any one of the original players in a team is not available, one substitute will be allowed as described in law 51.

•

Players, however, should not be transferred from one team to another.

Comments

There should be a clear declaration that the game is to be stopped so that each team is aware that they must restart their uncompleted ends when the game is resumed.

If the number of shots is not declared before the game stops then the end is replayed.

See Law 51.

Substitutes are allowed in a team but the side cannot be re-arranged.



51

Notes

Leaving the green during the course of play

1 No player should delay play by leaving the rink of play or their team unless their opponent agrees, and then only for no more than 10 minutes.

2 If a player has to leave the green during the course of a team or side game due to illness or some other reasonable cause, and they cannot return within 10 minutes, the umpire or the Controlling Body can approve the introduction of a substitute.

3 A substitute should only be introduced if, in the opinion of both skips or, if they cannot agree, in the opinion of the umpire or the

Controlling Body, the substitution is necessary.

4 The substitute should play in any position other than skip, and the other members of the team can rearrange their positions as necessary.

5 The Controlling Body will decide the substitute’s eligibility.

6 If no eligible substitute is available:

• in a team game, the defaulting team will forfeit the game to their opponents; and

• in a side game, law 46.2.2 will apply from the end in which the substitution became necessary.

7 If a player has to leave the green during the course of a Singles game due to illness or some other reasonable cause, and they cannot return within 10 minutes, the defaulting player will forfeit the game to their opponent.

8 If a player or team breaks this law, they will forfeit the game to their opponent.

9 For domestic play, Member National

Authorities can decide the requirements for introducing a substitute player.

Comments

If a player has a genuine reason to not continue playing after 10 minutes then a substitute many be introduced but cannot play as Skip.

If a substitute is not available then:

In a team game the game is forfeited.

In a side game the lead and two play with three bowls each and 25% of the score from that end onwards will be deducted.

In Singles the game is forfeited if a player cannot return to play after 10 minutes.



52

Notes

Objects on the green

Under no circumstances, other than those described in laws 5, 15.5, 24, 29 and 38, should any object be placed on the bank, the green, in the ditch, on the jack, on a bowl or anywhere else to help a player.

If, during the course of play, the position of the jack or a bowl is altered by the wind, a storm or any other unforeseen incident, the skips or opponents in Singles should put the jack or bowl back to its former position. If they cannot agree on the jack’s or bowl’s former position, they should declare the end dead.

1 If an opponent, the manager in a side game, the umpire or the Controlling Body decides that a player has deliberately committed an act designed to give them or their team an unfair advantage, they can appeal to the

Controlling Body.

2 If an appeal is made, it should be made to the umpire or the Controlling Body no later than 10 minutes after the final end in the game affected is completed.

3 The umpire or representative of the

Controlling Body should take immediate steps to pass details of the appeal to the

Secretary of the Controlling Body who should arrange for it to be dealt with in line with their code of conduct and disciplinary procedures.

Comments

The laws referenced here describe the markers that are permissible on a rink and its surrounds. No other objects should be placed to assist a player

The Umpire in this situation is simply the messenger. When a complaint is made it should be handed directly to the

Controlling Body. The Umpire is not responsible for taking any action against the players.



Group Three - Appendices

Appendix A

Group Three

A.1 Conditions of Play

1 The Controlling Body should decide on the Conditions of Play for an event before details of the event are publicised.

2 The Conditions of Play should be available to umpires and to entrants who ask for them and should be clearly displayed at all venues throughout the course of the event.

3 Conditions of Play should at least include the following.

•

The type of event (for example, Invitation Pairs Tournament, Mixed Fours and so on).

•

Start and finish dates and times.

•

Venue (or venues).

•

Entry conditions (for example, open or restricted entry, player eligibility and so on).

•

Format of play (such as sectional or knockout).

•

Length of games (such as the number of bowls, ends, shots, sets, time limits and so on).

•

Arrangements for trial ends.

•

Footwear and clothing (including any sponsors’ requirements). (See appendices A.2 and A.3.)

•

Requirements for the stamps on bowls.

•

Statement that all games will be played in line with the Laws of the Sport of

Bowls.

4 If appropriate, details of the following should also be included in the Conditions of Play.

•

Statement that the event has a licence from WB, a Member National

Authority or a division within a Member National Authority as appropriate.

•

Alterations to the format or length of the game (or both) if the game has to be stopped.

•

Arrangements for practice.

•

Arrangements for players to ‘warm up’.

•

Arrangements for substitutes.

•

Arrangements for dealing with slow play.

•

Arrangements for restricting the movement of players during play (see appendix A.4).

•

Policy on tobacco and alcohol at each venue.

•

Arrangements for drug testing.

•

Code of conduct and disciplinary procedures.

•

Emergency committee and disputes committee.

•

Prizes and rewards.

A.2 Footwear

1 Players, umpires and markers should wear flat-soled (‘heel-less’) footwear when they play on the green or act as umpires or markers.

2 WB and Member National Authorities can approve specific colours for footwear and the types of sole.


Laws of the Sport of Bowls Group Three

A.3 Clothing

WB and Member National Authorities can approve specific colours and types of clothing (including bowling gloves) for players, umpires and markers when they play on the green or act as umpires or markers.

A.4 Restricting the movement of players during play

If a Controlling Body decides that it is appropriate to restrict the movement of players during play, provision for this should be included within the Conditions of Play in line with the following.

1 After delivering their first bowl, players will only be allowed to walk up to the head under the following circumstances.

•

Singles game

§ the opponents: after delivery of their third and fourth bowls.

•

Pairs game (each player playing four bowls)

§ the leads: after delivery of their third and fourth bowls; and

§ the skips: after delivery of their second, third and fourth bowls.

•

Pairs game (each player playing two bowls)

§ the leads: after delivery of their second bowl; and

§ the skips: after delivery of each of their bowls.

•

Triples game (each player playing three bowls)

§ the leads: after delivery of their third bowl;

§ the seconds: after delivery of their second and third bowls; and


•

Triples game (each player playing two bowls)

§ the leads: after delivery of their second bowl;

§ the seconds: after delivery of their second bowl; and


•

Fours game

§ the leads: after the second player in their team has delivered their second bowl;

§ the seconds: after delivery of their second bowl;

§ the thirds: after delivery of their second bowl; and


2 In exceptional and limited circumstances, a skip can ask that a player walks up to the head earlier than described in paragraph 1 above.




Appendix B

Group Three

B.1 Position of the bank

1

3

2

Vertical

Surface of the green

Sloped inwards towards the green



Ditch

Ditch

Sloped outwards from the green

Bank - vertical and so at a right angle (90°) to the surface of the green

Bank - sloped inwards towards the green at an angle of not more than 35° from the vertical

Bank - sloped outwards from the green at an angle of not more than 35° from the vertical

Ditch

The standard described in diagram 3 above applies only to banks constructed in line with previous editions of the laws. Once the Crystal Mark Edition of the Laws of the

Sport of Bowls is introduced, all new banks that are constructed, and all existing banks that are replaced, should meet the standard described in either diagram 1 or diagram 2 above.



2

B.2 Marks on the surface of the rink

1 Marking the centre line of the rink i t d

E n d c h

2 metres

25 metres from end ditches

Marks to show the centre line of the rink

Cross bar of a ‘T’

2 metres 2 metres

Front ditch

Piece of suitable material

2 metres

2 metres

Marking 2 metres from each front ditch on the centre line of the rink i t d

E n d c h



3 Marking the spots required for sets play

3.1 Spots to meet the terms of laws 15.5.2, 15.5.3 and 15.5.4

Centre line of rink

1.5 metres 1.5 metres

2 metres 2 metres

Front ditch

3.2 Spots to meet the terms of law 15.5.6

Centre line of rink

0.5 metres

1.5 metres

2 metres

0.5 metres

1.5 metres

2 metres

Front ditch

2 metres

0.5 metres

2 metres

Group Three



2

B.3 Centring the jack

1 Position of the jack in relation to the marks that are 2 metres from each front ditch on the centre line of the rink (see diagram 2 in appendix B.2)

Measuring device such as a wooden batten

Nearest portion of the jack to the mat line

Position of the jack alongside a 2-metre measuring device

Jack

2 metres 2 metres

Front ditch

Nearest portion of the jack to the mat line

2 metres

2 metres

Front ditch



B.4 Distance charts

1 Pegs or discs fixed against the face of the side banks or on top of the side banks

(illustrated by a ‘+’)

Bank

2 metres

Ditch

25 metres 25 metres

Ditch

2 metres

Bank



2 Illustration of distances in the direction of play

B C

A

D

Front ditch

E

Mat

F

Mat line

Rear ditch

Mat

G

A: 2 metres – minimum distance of a delivered jack from the front ditch.

B: 14 metres – minimum distance of a live bowl from the mat line.

C: 20 metres – minimum distance of a rebounding jack from the mat line.

D: 23 metres – minimum distance of a delivered jack from the mat line.

E: 27 metres – distance of the jack from the mat line when measuring the pace of the green.

F: 25 metres – minimum distance of the mat line from the front ditch.

G: 2 metres – minimum distance of the mat line from the rear ditch.



Domestic regulations for Bowls England

Plain English Campaign’s Crystal Mark does not apply to these domestic regulations.

All regulations are made in line with the Laws of the Sport of Bowls (Crystal Mark Edition) which permits Member National Authorities to make domestic regulations in respect of those aspects of the sport listed in Law 17.1.

The conditions of Law 17.1.2 of the Laws of the Sport of Bowls (Crystal Mark Edition) must be remembered in that, if there is no domestic regulation to cover a specific aspect of the sport listed in

Law 17.1, all games will be played in line with the Laws of the Sport of Bowls.

Regulation 1

Law 5 Division of the Green

5.1

5.3

For play in National Competitions and National Championships the width of a rink should be not less than 4.8 metres.

The boundary pegs should be white.

5.5

Regulation 2

Law 8.2 Bias of Bowls

8.2.3

The boundary pegs can be clearly marked with a thin black line not more than 2 millimetres wide running vertically down the centre of the peg.

All composition bowls (see law 8.1.1) must bear a legible stamp which has an expiry date of

1985 or later. These bowls can be used until such time as the stamp becomes illegible

8.3.4 The person making the challenge should pay a deposit of £50.00.

Law 9 Bowls: World Bowls stamp

9.5 All composition bowls (see law 8.1.1) must bear a legible stamp which has an expiry date of

1985 or later. All competitors reaching the final stages of any National Competitions and

National Championships will be required to comply with the appropriate National

Competition or National Championship regulation.

Regulation 3

Appendix A2 Footwear

White, brown or grey shoes are permitted. All competitors reaching the final stages of any National

Competitions and National Championships will be required to comply with the appropriate National

Competition or National Championship regulation.

In addition to the domestic regulations made in line with Law 17.1, the following regulations are made in line with Law 16.3.

Regulation 4

The formats of play for Singles, Pairs, Triples and Fours in all events under the direct control of Bowls

England will be

1. Singles will be 21 shots (shots scored over 21 will not be counted).

Four bowls will be played, with each player playing in turn.

2.

3.

Pairs will be 21 ends. Four bowls will be played, with each player playing in turn.

Triples will be 18 ends. Three bowls will be played, with each player playing in turn.

4. Fours will be 21 ends. Two bowls will be played, with each player playing in turn.

Regulation 5

The formats for sets play in all events under the direct control of Bowls England are described in the appropriate National Competition or National Championship regulation


Figures and Diagrams

FIGURES and DIAGRAMS


Front Ditch

pdi P

Jack High or Jack Level

Mat Line

Definitions

1.3.8 End ditches

1.3.20 Mat Line

1.3.26 Position of bowl in relation to jack

FIG 1

Rear Ditch


Bowling Green Dimensions

2 m

Rink Widths:

Indoor 4.6 – 5.8 m

Outdoor 4.3 - 5.8 m

(Bowls England Min 4.8m)

Figure 2

25 m marker

Min. dist

Bowl

14 m

Min. Jack Length

23 m

Min. rebound

Jack

20 m

Pace of Green

= seconds to travel

27 m

25 m

25 m marker

Minimum

Mat Line

2 m

Mat Size

600mm x

360mm

Ditches – 200-380mm Wide, 50-200mm Deep

Outdoor

Boundary Peg

Min. 600mm

200 – 380 mm

Indoor

Boundary Peg

Min. 460mm

Playing Surface of Green

50 - 200 mm Ditch


Min. 230 mm

Upright or inclined not more than

35 degrees

FIG 2

Holding Surface

Revision 1/07

FRONT DITCH pdi P

Centre Line

2 m

1 metre

25 m

Law 5.13 Division of the green

Centre line of rink

FIG 3

25 m

1 metre

MAT LINE

REAR DITCH


Markers Position on Rink

Figure 4

Direction of Play

Markers Position

Stand about 2 metres back

And 1 metre to the side of the jack

FIG 4



Markers Position – Decision of Shots

Figure 5

FIG 5



Markers Position when Firing

Figure 6

Markers Line of Vision

Direction of Play

FIG 6



FIG 7

Law 20 Position on the mat

Law 21 Foot-faulting

A

Figure 7

B

C


Figures and Diagrams Figures 8 & 9

Law 26

Movement of touchers

FIG 8

Law 29.3

Live jack in the ditch

FIG 9


Figures and Diagrams Figures 10 & 11

Definition

Law 1.3.19 Line jack or bowl

Law 19.1.5

Position of Mats and Groundsheets

25 m RINK 1

Direction of Play

FIG 10

RINK 2

FIG 11

2 m

Rear Ditch


Was Bowl in its

ORIGINAL COURSE

Bowl Displacement by a Player – PAGE ONE

Was Bowl

IN MOTION

GO TO

PAGE TWO

Was Bowl

AT REST

GO TO

PAGE TWO

Did bowl disturb the head BEFORE displacement

DISTURBANCE

IS VALID

Did bowl disturb the head AFTER displacement

Was Bowl displaced by the team that delivered it Did bowl disturb the head AFTER displacement


Opposing skip should replace any part of the head that has been disturbed and choose to:

• place the bowl where he believes it would have come to rest

• leave the bowl where it came to rest

Opposing skip should choose to:


• leave the bowl where it came to rest

Opposing skip should replace the head and declare the bowl dead

Opposing skip should declare the bowl dead

Skip of the team that played the bowl should choose to:

•

Replace the head and have the bowl replayed,

• replace the head and place the bowl where he thinks it would have come to rest


Skip of the team that played the bowl should choose to:

• have the bowl replayed

• place the bowl where he thinks it would have come to rest

• leave the bowl where it came to rest.

Was Bowl

IN MOTION

Bowl Displacement by a Player – PAGE TWO

Was Bowl

AT REST

Was Bowl in its

ORIGINAL COURSE

GO TO

PAGE ONE



• place the bowl where he believes it would have come to rest and replace any part of the head disturbed after displacement

•

Declare the end dead



•

Declare the end dead


Opposing skip should put the bowl back to its former position and replace any part of the head disturbed after displacement

Opposing skip should put the bowl back to its former position