BIOL 221,222
SYLLABUS FORM
WESTCHESTER COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Valhalla, NY lO595 l. Course #: BIOL 221,222 2. NAME OF ORIGINATOR /REVISOR: DR. IRIS COOK
NAME OF COURSE: GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY & LAB
3. CURRENT DATE: SPRING 2007 Please indicate whether this is a NEW COURSE or a
REVISION:
Revision
DATE OF PRIOR REVISION 2/02
4. NUMBER OF CREDITS: 4 5. NUMBER OF CONTACT HOURS PER WEEK: 6
(3 Lec, 3 Lab)
6. APPROXIMATE FREQUENCY OF OFFERING THIS COURSE: Every Semester
(Fall, Spring, Summer Session I, Summer Session II)
7. PREREQUISITES OR ENTRY LEVEL SKILLS: One Science Course; Anat & Phys I recommended
8. COREQUISITES: None
9. PLACE OF THIS COURSE IN CURRICULUM:
_X__ Required for Curriculum (name): Nursing ___ College Core _X_ Elective
___ Part of Required/Recommended Sequence with (Number of Course) __________________
10. IS THIS COURSE DESIGNED FOR TRANSFER TOWARD A SPECIFIC MAJOR? _X_
Yes ___ No
MAJOR(S): Nursing, LA/MS
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BIOL 221,222
11. COURSE OUTCOMES:
List the course’s learning outcomes and describe how each outcome will be measured.
Outcome - Upon successful completion, the student will be able to:
1. Present the historical landmarks in the development of the science of microbiology.
This outcome will be of the following: measured by one or more
Short answer questions asking students to discriminate, differentiate, deduce and synthesize information. These will include multiple choice, true/false, completion, matching, and elimination and are used to assess factual recall, conceptual understanding and application of prior learning.
Essay questions will assess student ability to provide information in an integrated and logical format, incorporating comprehensive knowledge on subjects key to microbiology as a specialty science.
Oral responses are expected in classroom settings where information can be exchanged within student groups or as individual presentations.
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2. Identify and characterize the major groups of
microorganisms.
3.Distinguish among viral, prokaryotic and
eukaryotic structure, organization, metabolism
and environmental needs.
4. Explain and demonstrate basic techniques for
visualization, cultivation and identification of
a variety of microorganisms.
5. Explain how microorganisms cause disease.
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6. Express the role of normal flora and fauna in
health and disease.
7. Characterize the body’s defenses against
infectious agents.
8. Explain the fundamental mechanisms of the
human immune response.
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9. Relate the physical and chemical means used
to control microbial growth and
contamination.
10.Explain the bases for the use of antimicrobial
drugs.
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11.Characterize the major microbial pathogens
of man.
12.Discuss the determinants of disease within
specific human populations.
13.Express the professional implications of the
following: healthy carrier, compromised
host, medical and surgical asepsis.
14.Explain how infectious disease may be
transmitted by common practices and
procedures in health care.
15.Explain how infectious disease transmission
by common health care practices may be
limited.
16.Demonstrate understanding and appreciation
of the role and responsibility of the health
care giver as an agent of public health.
17.Demonstrate the acquisition of all techniques
of laboratory work.
BIOL 221,222
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18.Discriminate among all test results
demonstrated and assigned in the laboratory.
19.Submit laboratory data relating
microorganisms to the environment.
20.Submit laboratory data relating to the
identification of an unknown microbe.
Laboratory reports formulated by students who have conducted experiments, analyzed findings and assembled the information in a wellorganized and professional manner are expected of each student.
Practical examinations will assess student learning as discriminations are made using the microscope and test materials to determine outcomes central to microbiology laboratory work.
Written laboratory exams using short answer modalities will assess student learning regarding the testing processes learned by practical experience.
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BIOL 221,222
12. COURSE GRADE
Based on the above measures, how will the final course grade be calculated?
3 Lecture exams and 1 comprehensive final exam will make up lecture portion of the grade equaling 50% of the grade.
50% of the grade is derived from the laboratory which will include the following:
1 st
Practical 25%
Lab Report 25%
2 nd
Practical 25%
Unknown Report 25%
13.INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS : List the different instructional methods you might use, in the course of the semester. List supplementary learning options, if any
A variety of teaching methodologies will be employed: lecture, collaborative learning, visual presentations (slides, transparencies, power point, films and videos), oral presentations, student-led discussion. Students may use the internet, newspapers, articles, and other authors to supplement learning options.
14. CROSS-CURRICULAR OPPORTUNITIES:
A. General Education Enrichment:
Does this course provide opportunities to draw upon examples or concepts from outside the main objectives of this area of study? If yes, please briefly describe the content, activities or assignments.
B. Information Management:
Does this course provide opportunities to teach and/or require the students to apply information management skills? If yes, please briefly describe the content, activities or assignments.
C. Critical Thinking:
Are there components of this course which teach and/or require students to demonstrate Critical
Thinking? If yes, please briefly describe the content, activities or assignments.
D. Student Engagement:
Does this course provide opportunities for students to participate in individual or group presentations or interactions? If yes, please briefly describe the content, activities or assignments.
Opportunities
General Education
Information Management
Critical Thinking
Student Engagement
Activities or Assignments
Use of published articles will allow students to lean methods of exploring the written word.
Use of computer assignments will introduce students to data bases with wide ranging information.
Evaluation of legal issues in the subject matter will encourage refined discrimination of values and judgment.
Collaborative learning and research projects will stimulate student interest and interpersonal skills.
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BIOL 221,222
15. TOPIC OUTLINE – See attached
16. UNIQUE ASPECTS OF COURSE (such as equipment, specified software, space requirements, etc.)
Use of computers can increase student ability to access information.
APPENDIX I: REQUIRED TEXTS AND/OR MATERIALS REQUIRED BY THE STUDENT
(Include Supplementary Readings)
Text:
Microbiology, Principles and Explorations by Jacqueline G. Black, Wiley Publishers.
Lab Manual:
Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology by Johnson and Case, Benjamin Cummings Publishers.
APPENDIX II: - CATALOG DESCRIPTION:
(Approximately 65 words or less)
BIOL 221,222 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 4 CRS.
Relationship of micro-organisms to each other and their place in the living world. Destruction, removal, and inhibition. Importance in medicine and health. Methodology is stressed. A basic course in microbiology for students in biology and related fields.. Class hrs. 3; Lab hrs. 3.
Prerequisite: one semester of Anatomy and Physiology or a course in General Biology. Offered every semester.
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BIOL 221,222
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
WESTCHESTER COMMUNITY COLLEGE
OBJECTIVES :
A.
The student should develop a thorough foundation in microbiology.
B.
The student should acquire all techniques of laboratory work.
C.
The student should perceive the relationship between man and microbe: advantageous, threatening, benign and cooperative.
D.
The student will develop the concepts required to work in a professional field.
E.
The student will develop a foundation for continued learning in microbiology.
TEXTBOOK AND LAB MANUAL :
Microbiology, Principles and Explorations by Jacqueline G. Black, Wiley Publishers.
Laboratory Exercises Microbiology by Johnson and Case, Benjamin Cummings Publishers.
GRADING :
Grading will be assessed at 50% lecture exams, final exam, and 50% laboratory grade based on quizzes, practical work and assignments.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE STUDENT :
Use available reference text as primary source of information and individual reading assignments to amplify material in text.
Read at least one reference text in related topic areas to broaden concepts presented by a single author.
Read current information sources (news articles, legitimate science sources and modern media) to relate contemporary microbiology to theoretical microbiology.
The following is a formula for success: l.
Read topic to be presented prior to the lecture class.
2.
Take notes continually during lecture. Reread at the end of each day.
3.
Reread topic area in assigned text.
4.
Reread all notes at the end of each week and study concepts.
5.
Prepare for exams gradually.
6.
Keep material fresh.
GRADING POLICY :
3 lecture exams + 1 final exam = 50% of grade. The other 50% comes from: midterm, lab report, final and unknown identification report. Attendance is required AT EACH LECTURE AND
LABORATORY SESSION. MAKE-UP EXAMS WILL NOT BE GIVEN. PLAGIARISM AND
CHEATING WILL NOT BE TOLERATED! COME READY TO WORK!!!!
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BIOL 221,222
LECTURE TOPICS AND CHAPTER ASSIGNMENTS
PART I: Introduction to Microbiology and Its History
CHAPTER
1.
History and Scope of Microbiology
2.
Classification of Microbes, an Introduction to Taxonomy
3.
Techniques of observation, Microscopy and Staining
1 and 26
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3
Note : Although Chapter 2 is not covered in class, it is expected that the student is knowledgeable and responsible for the material covered in this chapter.
PART II: Microbial Structure and Function
1.
Eukaryotes, plant and animal cells
2.
Prokaryotes: bacterial morphology as models
3.
Morphology of fungi and protozoa
TEST #1
4.
Viruses: morphology and selected diseases
5.
Selected pages of chapters 19-24 for viral diseases
4
4
11
10
PART III: Cultivation of Microorganisms
1.
Growth and cultivation of bacteria and other microbes (algae, protozoan, viruses, fungi) 6
2.
Biochemistry and metabolism of microorganisms
3.
Genetics of microorganisms
TEST #2
5
7-8
PART IV: The Control of Microorganisms
1.
Physical and chemical control of microbes
2.
Chemotherapeutic means of microbial control
PART V: Microbiology and Immunology
1.
Resistance of the host vs. virulence of microbes
2.
Antigens, antibodies, immunoglobulins and test reactions
3.
Immunology: function and disorders
TEST #3
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13
14-16
17
18
A FINAL EXAM IS A MANDATORY PART OF THIS COURSE AND WILL BE
ANNOUNED. IT IS A COMPREHENSIVE EXAM GIVEN AT A SPECIAL TIME
DURING EXAM WEEK (NOT AT THE USUAL CLASS TIME).
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BIOL 221,222
OBJECTIVES
PART I: Introduction to Microbiology and Its History
At the end of this topic, the student will be able to:
1.
List the major groups of organisms, which comprise the microbiological world, their roles, functions and normal habitats.
2.
Recount the contributions of the following individuals to the science of microbiology:
Leeuwenhoek, Needham, Jenner, Pasteur, Koch, Lister, Semmelweis, Fleming, Redi,
Spallanzani, Ehrlich.
3.
List the conventionally accepted biological kingdoms and the criteria for placement in them.
4.
Differentiate Linnaean and numerical taxonomies.
5.
List the major aims and goals of biological classification.
6.
Characterize and differentiate the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types.
7.
Characterize and explain each of the cellular organelles found in the ultrastructure of eukaryotic plant and animal cells.
8.
Explain the transport mechanisms noted to associate with membranes.
9.
Name several medically important representatives from each group in the biological kingdoms.
10.
List and characterize, differentiate and exemplify the major fungal divisions.
11.
List, characterize, differentiate and exemplify the major protozoan taxa.
12.
List, characterize, differentiate and exemplify the major algal divisions.
13.
Differentiate theoretically and practically among the following modes of microscopy: compound light, darkfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, transmission EM and scanning
EM.
14.
Discuss the common techniques of observation of microorganisms including cultivation, isolation and staining.
15.
Be able to define all terminology used, explain techniques and recall examples and nomenclature applicable to the chapters assigned.
16.
Describe basic viral morphology.
PART II: Microbial Structure and Function
At the end of this topic, the student will be able to:
1.
Describe viral morphology using correct terminology.
2.
List and explain the phases of a typical viral infection.
3.
Discuss the criteria used in viral classification.
4.
Explain the microscopic study of viruses.
5.
Characterize the major RNA viral groups.
6.
Characterize the major DNA viral groups.
7.
Explain the role of viruses in tumor formation.
8.
List and discuss viruses associated with congenital anomalies.
9.
Recount the major viral diseases affecting children and adults.
10.
Define and differentiate post-viral syndromes.
11.
Define and differentiate slow-acting and latent viral infections.
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BIOL 221,222
12.
Survey the viral diseases from the selected chapters of the text listed above and be able to compose essay responses to questions about these diseases.
PART III: Cultivation of Microorganisms and Genetics
At the end of this topic, the student will be able to:
1.
Discuss how heterotrophs and autotrophs obtain carbon and nitrogen.
2.
Differentiate parasite and saprophyte nutritional needs.
3.
List and describe the various categories of microbes based on their need for oxygen.
4.
Describe conditions favoring anaerobic growth.
5.
Discuss the biochemical needs of microorganisms.
6.
List growth needs and conditions of microbes.
7.
List and discuss the classes of microorganisms based on optimal temperature requirements.
8.
Discuss how temperature extremes can affect metabolism, growth and death of microorganisms.
9.
Relate pH of the environment to the growth of microorganisms, giving examples of inhibition and control.
10.
Relate the effects of variable osmotic pressure on microbial growth.
11.
Describe the growth cycles for bacteria and viruses.
12.
List and define measurements of growth in bacteria.
13.
Describe the structure of DNA and replication.
14.
Describe the structure of RNA and transcription.
15.
Describe protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
16.
List types of mutations seen in bacteria.
17.
Compare and contrast methods of horizontal genetic transfer in bacteria: transformation, transduction (all types) and conjugation.
18.
Exemplify the operon theory of gene function using the Lac operon.
19.
Fully describe the Ames test.
20.
Define: gene, genome, plasmid, episome, vertical genetic transfer, binary fission and all terminology related to bacterial genetics.
PART IV: The Control of Microorganisms
At the end of this topic, the student will be able to:
1.
Describe how physical means of microbial control work, naming the major types of controls.
2.
Explain what chemical microbial control is and list agents known to have a negative impact microbes.
3.
Compare and contrast inorganic chemicals and organic chemicals as agents of control.
4.
Define the actions of chemical control of microbes.
5.
Explain how alcohols, soaps, detergents, halogens, dyes, acids and alkalis work to control microbes.
6.
Define the antimetabolite theory.
7.
Explain the difference between antimicrobials and antibiotics.
8.
List the origins of antibiotics, naming examples of each.
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BIOL 221,222
9.
Describe the actions of antibiotics: cell wall inhibitors, inhibitors of protein synthesis, inhibitors of DNA synthesis, and that of membrane dysfunction.
10.
Be able to name the origin, action, commercial name, and spectrum of selected antibiotics.
11.
List reasons for drug resistance development.
12.
Describe antibiotic sensitivity testing.
13.
Describe and list several harmful secondary effects of antibiotics.
14.
List the major categories of biochemical drug action.
15.
Explain how resistance is passed from one organism to another.
PART V: Microbiology and Immunology
At the end of this topic, the student will be able to:
1.
List and describe the relationships, which may exist between man and microbe.
2.
Differentiate infection and infectious disease. List the portals of entry of the human body.
3.
Describe the factors, which contribute to human susceptibility to infectious disease.
4.
List all external body defenses and all internal body defenses.
5.
Differentiate between exotoxins and endotoxins.
6.
List the mechanisms, which contribute to bacterial invasiveness.
7.
List the various modes of infectious disease transmission, using examples.
8.
Define nosocomial infections and how they occur.
9.
List and characterize the primary barriers to infectious disease.
10.
List and characterize the major secondary defenses against disease.
11.
Define the immune response.
12.
Define an antigen and list its properties.
13.
Define an antibody both structurally and functionally.
14.
Differentiate and describe the 5 immunoglobin classes.
15.
Define and characterize primary and secondary immune responses.
16.
Define and characterize humoral versus cellular immunity.
17.
Distinguish between T and B lymphocytes.
18.
Give an example of each of the following:
•
Naturally acquired active immunity
•
Naturally acquired passive immunity
•
Artificially acquired passive immunity
•
Artificially acquired active immunity
19.
Distinguish between T and B lymphocyte.
20.
Discuss how “antisera” can be prepared.
21.
List the types of immunizations, which can be administered.
22.
Characterize humoral immunity from cellular immunity.
23.
Define serology.
24.
Describe several immune deficiency disorders.
25.
Define “serology” and list several important and commonly used serological tests.
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BIOL 221,222
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
1.
Students are expected to be in class, ON TIME, and ready to work, to take notes and participate in discussions, answer questions and to have previously read the material.
2.
Cell phones are to be turned off.
3.
Tape recorders can only be used with permission.
4.
Any papers handed out are available for only one distribution.
5.
Hats are to be removed.
6.
No chewing gum.
7.
Students are expected to take pre-announced exams on the day scheduled. MAKE-UPS are not available except in dire situations and would not be the same exam given to the class.
8.
Absences result in missed material and can jeopardize grades.
9.
Suitable behavior is expected of all ladies and gentlemen, respectful and appropriate for the college environment.
10.
Food may be consumed for medical reasons only.
11.
Attendance is recorded at the beginning of each class.
12.
No extra projects can be offered for this course.
13.
Extra reading is always encouraged, as is relevant commentary.
14.
Please take note of the “Science Times” published in the Tuesday New York Times for related material.
15.
Enjoy the experience!
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BIOL 221,222
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY
WEEK
1.
Orientation to Laboratory, Safety & Decorum
The Microscope and Slide Observation
2.
Examination of Living Organisms (TWM & HD)
Observation of Microbial Samples
3.
Cultivation of Microbes: Transfer Techniques
Isolation Techniques & Environmental Culture
Simple Stains
4.
Staining Procedures: Gram Staining and
Streak Plate Techniques
5.
Staining Procedures: Acid-Fast & Prep For
Capsule Stain; Pour Plate Techniques
6.
Staining Procedures: Endospore & Capsule Staining
7.
PRACTICAL TEST – MIDTERM
8.
ASSIGNMENT OF UNKNOWN; Techniques for
Anaerobes, Differential, Selective & Isolation Media
9.
Microbial Metabolism: Carbohydrate, Lipids & Proteins
LABORATORY REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES DUE
10.
Microbial Metabolism (continued)
Respiration: IMViC, SIM & Micromethods
11.
Microbial Metabolism (completed)
12.
Control of Microbial Growth: Physical Methods
13.
Control of Microbial Growth: Chemical Methods
Antibiotics and Sensitivity Testing
14.
Completion of all tests
15.
FINAL PRACTICAL TEST – NO MAKE-UPS! HAND IN UNKNOWN REPORT ON
TIME FOR FULL CREDIT! (REPORT MUST INCLUDE UNKNOWN
IDENTIFICATION LABORATORY REPORT SHEET FROM JOHNSON AND
CASE LAB MANUAL.)
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