How
How ‘‘ GIS
GIS ‘‘ can
can be
be used
used for
for
improvement
improvement of
of literacy
literacy and
and CE
CE
programmes
programmes
Training Workshop for Myanmar Literacy Resource Center
(MLRC)
( Yangon, Myanmar, 11 – 20 October 2000 )
Presented by U THEIN HTUT – GEOCOMP MYANMAR
Introduction
Introduction to
to merit
merit and
and potential
potential of
of
Geographic
Geographic Information
Information System
System
‘‘ G
G II SS ‘‘
What
What is
is GIS
GIS ??
• A method to
visualize, manipulate,
analyze, and display
spatial data
• “Smart Maps”
linking a database to the
map
Data
Data -- Data
Data -- Data
Data
We
got data
We all
all ‘‘got
data’’
• Location Data
– How Many – What Kind – Where
• Scale of Data
– Local to Global
• Data Presentation
– Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps
Exploring data using GIS turns data into
information into knowledge
Geographic
Geographic Information
Information Systems
Systems
A
A Definition
Definition of
of GIS
GIS
GIS is a System of computer software, hardware and
data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and
present information that is tied to a spatial location
–
•
•
•
•
spatial location – usually a geographic location
information – visualization of analysis of data
system
– linking software, hardware, data
personnel – a thinking explorer who is key to
the power of GIS
Database
Database
““Not
Not Easy
Easy to
to Interpret”
Interpret”
Visualization
Visualization
“Worth
“Worth aa Thousand
Thousand Words”
Words”
Two
Two Ways
Ways to
to Input
Input and
and Visualize
Visualize Data
Data
The
The World
World in
in GIS
GIS
• Raster – Grid
– “pixels”
– a location and value
– Satellite images and aerial photos are
already in this format
• Vector – Linear
Real world
– Points, lines & polygons
– “Features” (house, lake, etc.)
– Attributes
– size, type, length, etc.
Data
Data For
For GIS
GIS Applications
Applications
• Digitized and Scanned Maps
– purchased, donated, free
(Internet)
– created by user
• Data Bases – Tables of data
– Data collection instrument / form
– Collected by data collector
• Field Sampling of Attributes
Five
Five Data
Data Layers
Layers
“Alike”
“Alike” Features
Features
Rivers ( lines )
Capitals ( points )
Roads ( lines )
States ( polygons )
Lakes ( polygons )
Turning
Turning Data
Data Into
Into
(( visual
visual )Information
)Information
“Spatial Analysis” – not just a map
Asking
Asking A
A Question
Question –– Interaction
Interaction
Maps
Maps and
and Database
Database are
are
“Interactive”
“Interactive”
Multiple
Multiple Databases
Databases can
can be
be
Linked
Linked and
and Related
Related
Combining
Combining Various
Various Display
Display Methods
Methods
Some
Some Ways
Ways GIS
GIS is
is Used
Used
•
•
•
•
Emergency Services – Fire & Police
Environmental – Monitoring & Modeling
Business – Site Location, Delivery Systems
Industry – Transportation, Communication,
Mining, Pipelines, Healthcare
• Government – Local, State, Federal, Military
• Education – Research, Teaching Tool,
Literacy program Administration
Wherever Spatial Data Analysis
is Needed
Population
Population of
of major
major cities
cities
Site
Site Location
Location and
and Client
Client Distance
Distance
33D
D Mine
Mine with
with Well
Well Data
Data
Oil
Oil Spill
Spill and
and Contamination
Contamination
Clusters
Clusters and
and Comparison
Comparison of
of Data
Data
Loma
Loma Linda
Linda Hospital
Hospital Facilities
Facilities
Merit
Merit of
of GIS
GIS
• GIS maps spatial objects as graphic features
– points, lines, polygons, symbol, text
• GIS provides graphic features to tabular data
(attributes)
– Spatial coordinates, Symbology, Descriptive
Information
• GIS links a worksheet (database) to map spatial
information
• GIS provides tools for presenting spatial data
– Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps
Some
Some more
more merit
merit of
of GIS
GIS
• GIS makes static maps dynamic
– move around by pan/zoom/jump
– change symbology : lines/colors/icons/fonts
– show multiple information sets
– turn information sets on/off
• GIS provides graphic and Boolean selection tools
for making queries
– Selection by graphic features
– Selection by tabular features
• GIS provides variety of analytical tools for
– Classify data, Compare data
– Intersect / overlay / buffer graphics features
Some
Some more
more merit
merit of
of GIS
GIS
• GIS enhances our communication
– provide common spatial data format
– promote data sharing
– data consistency
• GIS expands our insights
– better understanding
– cross-cutting thinking
– better problem solving
– better decision making
Thus Time and money saving
Benefit
Benefit of
of using
using GIS
GIS
for
for improvement
improvement of
of NFE
NFE programme
programme
• NFE Database data collection instruments
– Form1 - Village level literacy facts and figures
– Form2 - Basic literacy classes
– Form3 – Post-literacy classes
– Form4 – Post-literacy Learners
– Form5 – Facilitators
Exploring above databases using GIS will turn data into
indicators to assess the status of NFE programmes.
Basic
Basic Literacy
Literacy Indicators
Indicators
National
Nationalworkshop
workshopon
onMonitoring
Monitoringand
andEvaluation
Evaluationof
ofLiteracy
Literacyand
and
CE
CEprogrammes
programmesin
inMyanmar
Myanmar
Learning Center Level
• Indicator 1:
Percentage of illiterate adults (15-45) enrolled
• Indicator 2:
Percentage of dropout learners
• Indicator 3:
Percentage of completed learners
• Indicator 4:
Average ratio of trainers / trainees
• Indicator 5:
Percentage of learners who have access to teaching –
learning material
• Indicator 6:
Percentage of budgetted funds available and used
• Indicator 7:
Flexibility of training period
• Indicator 8:
Sufficient amount of training hours
• Indicator 9:
Availability of training venue
• Indicator 10: Correct use of training methodology
Basic
Basic Literacy
Literacy Indicators
Indicators
National
Nationalworkshop
workshopon
onMonitoring
Monitoringand
andEvaluation
Evaluationof
ofLiteracy
Literacyand
and
CE
programmes
in
Myanmar
CE programmes in Myanmar
Village Level
• Indicator 1: Percentage of income increased family
• Indicator 2: Percentage of using literacy skills and usage of
frequency
• Indicator 3: Percentage of families with improved lifestyle
• Indicator 4: Percentage of families who used the skill training
Basic
Basic Literacy
Literacy Indicators
Indicators
National
Nationalworkshop
workshopon
onMonitoring
Monitoringand
andEvaluation
Evaluationof
ofLiteracy
Literacyand
and
CE
CEprogrammes
programmesin
inMyanmar
Myanmar
CLC Level
•
Indicator 1:
Population of illiterates between ages 15 ~ 45
•
Indicator 2:
Percentage of Targeted learners enrolled (by gender)
•
Indicator 3:
Percentage of learners who dropout
•
Indicator 4:
Number of instructors
•
Indicator 5:
Number of NGO volunteers
•
Indicator 6:
Amount of learning periods
•
Indicator 7:
Percentage of average attendance (by gender)
•
Indicator 8:
Facilities (stationeries, manuals) received by
implementing agency
•
Indicator 9:
Number of meetings conducted by management
•
Indicator 10: Rate of completion (by level)
•
Indicator 11: Percentage of graduates who enter post-literacy
programmes
Basic
Basic Literacy
Literacy Indicators
Indicators
National
Nationalworkshop
workshopon
onMonitoring
Monitoringand
andEvaluation
Evaluationof
ofLiteracy
Literacyand
and
CE
programmes
in
Myanmar
CE programmes in Myanmar
CLC Level
• Indicator 12:
Number of learners who read newspaper, journals
(educational & recreational), advertisements, etc.
After completion the programme
• Indicator 13:
Number of learners who know the
income generation programmes
• Indicator 14:
Percentage of coordination in village community
learning centers
• Indicator 15:
Skills acquired from income generation programmes
Basic
Basic Literacy
Literacy Indicators
Indicators
National
Nationalworkshop
workshopon
onMonitoring
Monitoringand
andEvaluation
Evaluationof
ofLiteracy
Literacyand
and
CE
programmes
in
Myanmar
CE programmes in Myanmar
CLC Level
• Indicator 16:
Number of household
• Indicator 17:
Size of population in that community
• Indicator 18:
Percentage of illiterates/literates by age and sex
(5 ~ 9, 10 ~ 14, 15 ~ 45 )
• Indicator 19:
Number of volunteer teachers to be recruited
• Indicator 20:
Number of instructors to train trainers
Adult
Adult female
female literacy
literacy
And
AndAccessibility
Accessibilityindex
index
Adult
Adult female
female literacy
literacy
Six
Six Steps
Steps to
to GIS
GIS development!
development!
GIS
GIS Life
Life Cycle
Cycle Management
Management Approach
Approach
1. Requirements Analysis
a. Do You Really Need a GIS?
b. What Benefits Will a GIS Bring to Your Organization?
c. Are You Ready to Begin the GIS Process?
d. What Will a GIS Cost - Money and Effort?
e. In-House or Using a Consultant - or Both?
f. Get Software Demos: Beware of Salesperson Promises!
g. Review Existing Hardware and Software
h. Review Internal Staff Qualifications and Training Needs
i. Prioritize System Features
j. Cost / Benefit Analysis: Not All Benefits are Financial!
k. Implementation Plan Development
l. Choose Project Team - Internal and Consulting
Six
Six Steps
Steps to
to GIS
GIS development!
development!
GIS
GIS Life
Life Cycle
Cycle Management
Management Approach
Approach
2. System Configuration
a. Work With In-House MIS / IT Staff
b. Design a System for Growth
c. Realize Technology Enhancement Pace
d. Implement Best Available System
e. Don’t Worry About 10 Years From Now
f. Design Your System for Optimization at
Installation Stage
Six
Six Steps
Steps to
to GIS
GIS development!
development!
GIS
GIS Life
Life Cycle
Cycle Management
Management Approach
Approach
3. Data Development
Spatial and Tabular
a. Identify Existing Data (Internal and External)
b. Verify Data Quality
c. Identify Missing Data
d. Design Database and Develop System Specifications
e. Acquire / Develop Data
f. Integration Plan and Implementation - Use Enterprise-wide
System Approach
g. Quality Control / Quality Assurance
h. Data Coding to Merge Databases
i. Final QA/QC
Six
Six Steps
Steps to
to GIS
GIS development!
development!
GIS
GIS Life
Life Cycle
Cycle Management
Management Approach
Approach
4. Application Development
a. Identify and Prioritize Your Application(s)
b. Design Functional and Technical Specifications
c. Develop Prototype - Demonstrate to Provide Early
Buy-in from Corporate Management
d. Testing - Continuous Improvement
Six
Six Steps
Steps to
to GIS
GIS development!
development!
GIS
GIS Life
Life Cycle
Cycle Management
Management Approach
Approach
5. Training & Support
a. An Investment in Your People
b. An Investment in the Future of Your GIS
c. The Most Important Feature of Any GIS
d. Use Authorized Trainers or Manufacturers’ Training
Programs
e. Always Sign-up for Technical Support
f. Always Augment with Local Support When Possible
- Very Important!
Six
Six Steps
Steps to
to GIS
GIS development!
development!
GIS
GIS Life
Life Cycle
Cycle Management
Management Approach
Approach
6. System & Data Maintenance
a. Your GIS will be Effective Only with Current and Updated
Data
b. Software Upgrades will Enhance Performance and Keep You
Current with the Latest in Technology
c. Upgrade Your Applications to Keep Pace with Changing
project/programme Needs!
d. Plan for an Ongoing Expense in Your Operating Budget
- At Least 10-20% of Original Implementation Cost per Year
THE
THE END
END
THANK YOU