How How ‘‘ GIS GIS ‘‘ can can be be used used for for improvement improvement of of literacy literacy and and CE CE programmes programmes Training Workshop for Myanmar Literacy Resource Center (MLRC) ( Yangon, Myanmar, 11 – 20 October 2000 ) Presented by U THEIN HTUT – GEOCOMP MYANMAR Introduction Introduction to to merit merit and and potential potential of of Geographic Geographic Information Information System System ‘‘ G G II SS ‘‘ What What is is GIS GIS ?? • A method to visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data • “Smart Maps” linking a database to the map Data Data -- Data Data -- Data Data We got data We all all ‘‘got data’’ • Location Data – How Many – What Kind – Where • Scale of Data – Local to Global • Data Presentation – Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps Exploring data using GIS turns data into information into knowledge Geographic Geographic Information Information Systems Systems A A Definition Definition of of GIS GIS GIS is a System of computer software, hardware and data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and present information that is tied to a spatial location – • • • • spatial location – usually a geographic location information – visualization of analysis of data system – linking software, hardware, data personnel – a thinking explorer who is key to the power of GIS Database Database ““Not Not Easy Easy to to Interpret” Interpret” Visualization Visualization “Worth “Worth aa Thousand Thousand Words” Words” Two Two Ways Ways to to Input Input and and Visualize Visualize Data Data The The World World in in GIS GIS • Raster – Grid – “pixels” – a location and value – Satellite images and aerial photos are already in this format • Vector – Linear Real world – Points, lines & polygons – “Features” (house, lake, etc.) – Attributes – size, type, length, etc. Data Data For For GIS GIS Applications Applications • Digitized and Scanned Maps – purchased, donated, free (Internet) – created by user • Data Bases – Tables of data – Data collection instrument / form – Collected by data collector • Field Sampling of Attributes Five Five Data Data Layers Layers “Alike” “Alike” Features Features Rivers ( lines ) Capitals ( points ) Roads ( lines ) States ( polygons ) Lakes ( polygons ) Turning Turning Data Data Into Into (( visual visual )Information )Information “Spatial Analysis” – not just a map Asking Asking A A Question Question –– Interaction Interaction Maps Maps and and Database Database are are “Interactive” “Interactive” Multiple Multiple Databases Databases can can be be Linked Linked and and Related Related Combining Combining Various Various Display Display Methods Methods Some Some Ways Ways GIS GIS is is Used Used • • • • Emergency Services – Fire & Police Environmental – Monitoring & Modeling Business – Site Location, Delivery Systems Industry – Transportation, Communication, Mining, Pipelines, Healthcare • Government – Local, State, Federal, Military • Education – Research, Teaching Tool, Literacy program Administration Wherever Spatial Data Analysis is Needed Population Population of of major major cities cities Site Site Location Location and and Client Client Distance Distance 33D D Mine Mine with with Well Well Data Data Oil Oil Spill Spill and and Contamination Contamination Clusters Clusters and and Comparison Comparison of of Data Data Loma Loma Linda Linda Hospital Hospital Facilities Facilities Merit Merit of of GIS GIS • GIS maps spatial objects as graphic features – points, lines, polygons, symbol, text • GIS provides graphic features to tabular data (attributes) – Spatial coordinates, Symbology, Descriptive Information • GIS links a worksheet (database) to map spatial information • GIS provides tools for presenting spatial data – Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps Some Some more more merit merit of of GIS GIS • GIS makes static maps dynamic – move around by pan/zoom/jump – change symbology : lines/colors/icons/fonts – show multiple information sets – turn information sets on/off • GIS provides graphic and Boolean selection tools for making queries – Selection by graphic features – Selection by tabular features • GIS provides variety of analytical tools for – Classify data, Compare data – Intersect / overlay / buffer graphics features Some Some more more merit merit of of GIS GIS • GIS enhances our communication – provide common spatial data format – promote data sharing – data consistency • GIS expands our insights – better understanding – cross-cutting thinking – better problem solving – better decision making Thus Time and money saving Benefit Benefit of of using using GIS GIS for for improvement improvement of of NFE NFE programme programme • NFE Database data collection instruments – Form1 - Village level literacy facts and figures – Form2 - Basic literacy classes – Form3 – Post-literacy classes – Form4 – Post-literacy Learners – Form5 – Facilitators Exploring above databases using GIS will turn data into indicators to assess the status of NFE programmes. Basic Basic Literacy Literacy Indicators Indicators National Nationalworkshop workshopon onMonitoring Monitoringand andEvaluation Evaluationof ofLiteracy Literacyand and CE CEprogrammes programmesin inMyanmar Myanmar Learning Center Level • Indicator 1: Percentage of illiterate adults (15-45) enrolled • Indicator 2: Percentage of dropout learners • Indicator 3: Percentage of completed learners • Indicator 4: Average ratio of trainers / trainees • Indicator 5: Percentage of learners who have access to teaching – learning material • Indicator 6: Percentage of budgetted funds available and used • Indicator 7: Flexibility of training period • Indicator 8: Sufficient amount of training hours • Indicator 9: Availability of training venue • Indicator 10: Correct use of training methodology Basic Basic Literacy Literacy Indicators Indicators National Nationalworkshop workshopon onMonitoring Monitoringand andEvaluation Evaluationof ofLiteracy Literacyand and CE programmes in Myanmar CE programmes in Myanmar Village Level • Indicator 1: Percentage of income increased family • Indicator 2: Percentage of using literacy skills and usage of frequency • Indicator 3: Percentage of families with improved lifestyle • Indicator 4: Percentage of families who used the skill training Basic Basic Literacy Literacy Indicators Indicators National Nationalworkshop workshopon onMonitoring Monitoringand andEvaluation Evaluationof ofLiteracy Literacyand and CE CEprogrammes programmesin inMyanmar Myanmar CLC Level • Indicator 1: Population of illiterates between ages 15 ~ 45 • Indicator 2: Percentage of Targeted learners enrolled (by gender) • Indicator 3: Percentage of learners who dropout • Indicator 4: Number of instructors • Indicator 5: Number of NGO volunteers • Indicator 6: Amount of learning periods • Indicator 7: Percentage of average attendance (by gender) • Indicator 8: Facilities (stationeries, manuals) received by implementing agency • Indicator 9: Number of meetings conducted by management • Indicator 10: Rate of completion (by level) • Indicator 11: Percentage of graduates who enter post-literacy programmes Basic Basic Literacy Literacy Indicators Indicators National Nationalworkshop workshopon onMonitoring Monitoringand andEvaluation Evaluationof ofLiteracy Literacyand and CE programmes in Myanmar CE programmes in Myanmar CLC Level • Indicator 12: Number of learners who read newspaper, journals (educational & recreational), advertisements, etc. After completion the programme • Indicator 13: Number of learners who know the income generation programmes • Indicator 14: Percentage of coordination in village community learning centers • Indicator 15: Skills acquired from income generation programmes Basic Basic Literacy Literacy Indicators Indicators National Nationalworkshop workshopon onMonitoring Monitoringand andEvaluation Evaluationof ofLiteracy Literacyand and CE programmes in Myanmar CE programmes in Myanmar CLC Level • Indicator 16: Number of household • Indicator 17: Size of population in that community • Indicator 18: Percentage of illiterates/literates by age and sex (5 ~ 9, 10 ~ 14, 15 ~ 45 ) • Indicator 19: Number of volunteer teachers to be recruited • Indicator 20: Number of instructors to train trainers Adult Adult female female literacy literacy And AndAccessibility Accessibilityindex index Adult Adult female female literacy literacy Six Six Steps Steps to to GIS GIS development! development! GIS GIS Life Life Cycle Cycle Management Management Approach Approach 1. Requirements Analysis a. Do You Really Need a GIS? b. What Benefits Will a GIS Bring to Your Organization? c. Are You Ready to Begin the GIS Process? d. What Will a GIS Cost - Money and Effort? e. In-House or Using a Consultant - or Both? f. Get Software Demos: Beware of Salesperson Promises! g. Review Existing Hardware and Software h. Review Internal Staff Qualifications and Training Needs i. Prioritize System Features j. Cost / Benefit Analysis: Not All Benefits are Financial! k. Implementation Plan Development l. Choose Project Team - Internal and Consulting Six Six Steps Steps to to GIS GIS development! development! GIS GIS Life Life Cycle Cycle Management Management Approach Approach 2. System Configuration a. Work With In-House MIS / IT Staff b. Design a System for Growth c. Realize Technology Enhancement Pace d. Implement Best Available System e. Don’t Worry About 10 Years From Now f. Design Your System for Optimization at Installation Stage Six Six Steps Steps to to GIS GIS development! development! GIS GIS Life Life Cycle Cycle Management Management Approach Approach 3. Data Development Spatial and Tabular a. Identify Existing Data (Internal and External) b. Verify Data Quality c. Identify Missing Data d. Design Database and Develop System Specifications e. Acquire / Develop Data f. Integration Plan and Implementation - Use Enterprise-wide System Approach g. Quality Control / Quality Assurance h. Data Coding to Merge Databases i. Final QA/QC Six Six Steps Steps to to GIS GIS development! development! GIS GIS Life Life Cycle Cycle Management Management Approach Approach 4. Application Development a. Identify and Prioritize Your Application(s) b. Design Functional and Technical Specifications c. Develop Prototype - Demonstrate to Provide Early Buy-in from Corporate Management d. Testing - Continuous Improvement Six Six Steps Steps to to GIS GIS development! development! GIS GIS Life Life Cycle Cycle Management Management Approach Approach 5. Training & Support a. An Investment in Your People b. An Investment in the Future of Your GIS c. The Most Important Feature of Any GIS d. Use Authorized Trainers or Manufacturers’ Training Programs e. Always Sign-up for Technical Support f. Always Augment with Local Support When Possible - Very Important! Six Six Steps Steps to to GIS GIS development! development! GIS GIS Life Life Cycle Cycle Management Management Approach Approach 6. System & Data Maintenance a. Your GIS will be Effective Only with Current and Updated Data b. Software Upgrades will Enhance Performance and Keep You Current with the Latest in Technology c. Upgrade Your Applications to Keep Pace with Changing project/programme Needs! d. Plan for an Ongoing Expense in Your Operating Budget - At Least 10-20% of Original Implementation Cost per Year THE THE END END THANK YOU