King Industries, Inc.
High Performance Products for
Coatings, Inks, Adhesives and
Sealants
NACURE® & K-CURE®
Acid & Blocked Acid Catalysts
K-KAT®
Non-tin Catalysts for Urethanes
NACURE® SUPER CATALYSTS
Cationic Cure of Epoxies
K-FLEX®
Resin Modifiers & Reactive Diluents
K-STAY®
Rheology Modifiers
K-SPERSE®
Wetting & Dispersing Additives
NACORR®
Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors
DISPARLON®
Thixotropes & Surface Control Additives
King Industries Coatings Additives Division
Technology Overview
Since 1932, King Industries has been supplying specialty chemical products to a variety of industries that are
performance driven with ever changing requirements. This is especially true for the coatings, inks, adhesives
and sealant markets, the audience for this product guide. While the brochure covers our standard products,
this overview has been designed to give you a summary of our areas of technical expertise and to urge you
to contact us if you feel we may be of assistance for your specific product needs.
CATALYSIS
With over four decades of experience in catalysis, King offers the industry’s broadest spectrum of catalysts
including:
•
Acid and blocked acid (latent) catalysts for amino thermoset systems
•
Non-tin, mercury-free catalysts for urethanes, foams and cast elastomers
•
Latent and super acid catalysts for the cationic cure of epoxies
•
Hydrophobic catalysts for the moisture cure of siloxane functional polymers
•
Powder catalysts for uretdione crosslinked powder coatings and caprolactam blocked isocyanate
powder systems
CORROSION INHIBITION
King offers ferrous and non-ferrous protection for a wide variety of metals and systems based on three
unique platforms:
•
Sulfonate based rust and corrosion inhibitors
•
Modified trialzole compounds
•
Amino acid derivatives
DISPERSANT TECHNOLOGY
Whether organic or inorganic pigment/fillers, King offers a variety of dispersant technologies including:
•
Solvent free polymeric wetting and dispersing agents for solventless and epoxy systems
•
Sulfonate based dispersants for non-aqueous, solvent-free and powder systems
•
Organic wetting/dispersing agents for highly viscous systems such as ceramics, metal pastes and
sand-filled epoxies.
RESIN MODIFIERS/REACTIVE DILUENTS
•
Unique polyester polyols based upon low molecular weight, linear, saturated aliphatic structures with
pendent hydroxyl groups
•
Novel, low molecular weight diols with an all urethane backbone
•
Acetoacetate functional reactive diluents
RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS
•
Unique sulfonate based modifiers for non-aqueous systems
•
Polyamide based thixotropes
•
Hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane thickeners for waterborne systems
SURFACE CONTROL ADDITIVES
In addition to King’s internally developed products, the Disparlon® product line represents over 25 years of a
technology alliance with Kusumoto Chemical Ltd. of Japan. The Disparlon line offers a broad range of leveling, defoaming, anti-popping and anti-cratering additives for aqueous, solvent, solventless, UV and powder
systems.
© All materials copyrighted 2006, King Industries, Inc., Norwalk, CT, USA
Table of Contents and System Reference Chart
SYSTEM
High Solids
Waterborne
Conventional
Powder
UV
PRODUCT LINES
PAGE
SECTION I - CATALYSTS
NACURE® & K-CURE®
ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS
3
K-KAT® NON-TIN CATALYSTS
FOR URETHANES
9
NACURE® SUPER CATALYSTS
LATENT CURE OF EPOXIES
13
SECTION II - RESIN MODIFIERS/REACTIVE DILUENTS
K-FLEX®
SPECIALTY PRODUCTS
15
K-FLEX®
POLYESTER POLYOLS
17
K-FLEX®
URETHANE DIOLS
21
APPLICATION CHART
Centerfold
SECTION III - SPECIALTY ADDITIVES
K-STAY®
RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS
23
NACORR®
RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS
25
K-SPERSE®
WETTING & DISPERSING ADDITIVES
28
DISPARLON®
THIXOTROPES
30
DISPARLON® DEFOAMERS
& ANTI-POPPING AGENTS
35
DISPARLON® DISPERSANTS,
ANTI-FLOOD & ANTI-FLOAT AGENTS
36
DISPARLON® LEVELING
& ANTI-CRATERING ADDITIVES
37
CONTACT INFORMATION: www.kingindustries.com
World Headquarters
King Industries, Inc.
European Sales Office
King International Europe
Science Road, CT 06852
USA
Noordkade 64, 2741 EZ Waddinxveen
The Netherlands
(800) 431-7900 or (203) 866-5551
(203) 866-1268
coatings@kingindustries.com
+31 182-631360
+31 182-621002
info@kingintl.nl
NACURE® & K-CURE®
Acid & Blocked Acid Catalysts
NACURE & K-CURE ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS
Why Use Catalysts?
Today’s need for high solids and waterborne
coatings requires greater use of high reactivity, low
viscosity resins and crosslinkers. Conversion of
these systems into tough, chemically resistant, high
performance coatings at reduced cure temperatures
can be accomplished with the use of a catalyst.
Acrylics, alkyds, epoxies and polyesters with
reactive functional groups, such as hydroxyl,
carbamate or amide can be reacted with melamine,
urea and benzoguanamine crosslinkers. Selection
of the proper catalyst can facilitate the crosslinking
reaction resulting in the following benefits:
•
Catalyst By Acid Type
Acid Type
HO3S
C9H19
Acid
Catalysts
Blocked
Catalysts
NACURE 155
NACURE X49-110
NACURE 3525
NACURE 3327
NACURE 3483
NACURE 1051
NACURE 1323
NACURE 1419
NACURE 1557
NACURE 1953
NACURE 5076
NACURE 5225
NACURE 5414
NACURE 5528
NACURE 5925
K-CURE 1040
K-CURE 1040W
NACURE 2107
NACURE 2500
NACURE 2501
NACURE 2522
NACURE 2530
NACURE 2547
NACURE 2558
NACURE 4054
NACURE
XC-C207
NACURE 4167
NACURE XP-297
NACURE 4575
SO3H
H19C9
DNNDSA
H19C9
C9H19
Shorter cure schedules
SO3H
DNNSA
•
Lower cure temperatures for thermoset high
solids and waterborne coatings
•
Improved hardness, gloss, humidity
and corrosion resistance
•
C12H25
Improved mechanical properties
King Industries continues to develop catalysts to
meet the ever expanding needs of a rapidly
changing market.
Free Acid Or Latent Catalyst?
SO3H
DDBSA
CH3
While acid catalysts provide the fastest cure and
lower curing temperatures, blocked catalysts are
typically chosen for systems requiring greater
package stability. In addition, troublesome
catalyst-pigment interaction can be reduced or
eliminated.
As can be seen in the table which follows, King’s
catalyst line is based upon a variety of acids shown
in their structural form. The middle column denotes
the free acid versions while the far right column
shows amine blocked or covalently bonded
derivatives for applications requiring extended
package stability.
Catalyst Selection
The first thing to consider when selecting a catalyst
is what type of crosslinking agent is being used.
High solids and waterborne coatings are typically
3
SO3H
pTSA
AAP & PAP
Alkyl Acid Phosphate
Phenyl Acid Phosphate
formulated with monomeric crosslinkers such as
hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine (HMMM) or mixed
ether melamine; reaction of these crosslinkers with
hydroxy or carbamate functional groups is best
achieved with strong acid catalysts like DNNDSA or
p-TSA.
More reactive crosslinkers, which are more
polymeric but contain high levels of -NH groups,
respond better to a weaker acid such as acid
phosphates or low dosages of amine blocked
sulfonic acids.
be prepared at virtually any pH, but usually the best
combination of cure and package stability is
obtained in the 6.5-7.5 range.
The chemical structure of the catalyst, as well as the
quantity used, can have a profound impact on such
film properties as adhesion, corrosion resistance,
flexibility and impact resistance. These differences
are apparent not only among different acid types but
also among different products within the same
chemical family.
Generally, the time and temperature conditions of
cure can prescribe the correct catalyst for the
application. Strong acids with typical pKa strengths
of approximately 0.5-0.7 should give equivalent
rates of cure at equal molar concentrations of the
acid group. Amine neutralized or polymeric blocked
catalysts will demand higher temperatures for full
activation, and the pKa of the amine and type of
polymer attached to the acid will also influence the
rate of reactivity.
Crosslinking Agent
General Acid
Category
Acid Types
Fully alkylated monomeric
M/F resins:
Fully methylated
Fully butylated
Mixed ethers
Urea formaldehyde resins
Benzoguanamine resins
Glycoluril resins
Strong Acids
pKa<1
P-TSA
DNNDSA
DDBSA
DNNSA
Highly alkylated, high
imino M/F resins
Partially alkylated polymeric M/F resins
Weak Acids
pKa 1-3
Metal Salts
Carboxylic Acid
Phosphates
On the next page a table can be found that provides
the various cure profiles for acid catalysts based
upon a 30 minute cure schedule for a typical
Resin/HMMM (75/25 ratio) coating. Likewise, prior
to the blocked catalyst descriptions, a graph shows
cure profiles for blocked catalysts under the same
conditions.
In both cases, the data should be viewed as a
starting point and a ladder study should be
conducted to optimize the formulation.
Quick Formulating Tips
RELATIVE ACID STRENGTH:
p-TSA>DNNDSA>DDBSA>DNNSA>Phosphates>Carboxylates
Formulating Considerations
pH Range - Both fully and partially alkylated amino
resins are reactive under acidic pH conditions and
relatively stable in the neutral range. To accelerate
the reaction between binder resin and amino
crosslinker, it is necessary to reduce the pH of the
system through the addition of an acid catalyst. For
fully alkylated melamines, a pH of 3 or lower is
required to induce cure. Partially alkylated
melamines of the high imino type will react in the pH
range of 3 to 5.
Do not over catalyze. Using too much catalyst can
be a costly mistake and one that can cause film
properties to suffer significantly.
As with any component in a coating, the level,
method and order of addition may mean the
difference between formulation success or failure.
When incorporating catalysts, the following factors
should be considered: method of mixing, solvents
used, pigments used, pH sensitivity of the
resins, temperature at time of addition, substrate
and stability/pot life requirements.
While some general recommendations can be found
in the product description charts, feel free to contact
King’s Technical Service Department at (800)
431-7900 or by email coatings@kingindustries.com
for assistance in selecting the proper catalyst for
your particular application.
Blocking the acid catalyst with an amine will
effectively raise the pH, inhibiting the cure at low
temperatures and allowing the formulation of stable
one package systems. Amine blocked catalysts can
4
NACURE & K-CURE ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS
The table that follows matches the type of crosslinking agent and the acid catalyst most suitable for
each class.
Cure Schedule and Temperature
NACURE & K-CURE ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS
NACURE® & K-CURE® Acid Catalysts
PRODUCT
Acid Type
Volatile
%
Active
Acid
#
lbs./gal.
Gardner
Color
Minimum
Cure*
NACURE
155
DNNDSA
Isobutanol
55
112-116
8.16
12 max.
RT
General purpose catalyst. Excellent
water, detergent and salt spray
resistance.
NACURE
1051
2-Butoxyethanol
50
60-64
8.16
N/A
125°C
Best water and corrosion
resistance. Recommended for high
temperature applications on metal.
NACURE
5076
DDBSA
Isopropanol
70
130-140
8.27
4
RT
NACURE
4054
AAP
Isobutanol
50
155-165
7.49
1
110°C
NACURE
4046
Phosphate
Xylene/Butanol
17
100-112
7.60
2
80°C
K-CURE
1040
p-TSA
Isopropanol
40
130-140
8.25
1
RT
K-CURE
1040W
p-TSA
Water
40
130-140
9.40
2
RT
As above, non-flammable for
waterborne applications.
K-CURE
129B
Methanol/n-Butanol
50
200-210
8.90
1
RT
Fastest cure.
Wood and paper coatings.
NACURE
XC-C207
Alkyl Acid
Phosphate
100
650
11.8
1
80˚C
DNNSA
Mixed Acids
Attributes/Uses
Complies with FDA 21 CFR,
Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xiii (a&b)
Weak acid for high NH/polymeric
melamines and phenolic
crosslinkers.
Complies with FDA 21 CFR,
Sec. 175.300 (b) (3) xiii (a&b)
Highest gloss. Fastest cure.
Excellent weathering and exterior
durability.
Broad solubility and excellent adhesion, Good package stability
RT= Room Temperature, cures are possible at catalyst levels of 4-10%
*30 minute cure schedule – Resin/Urea (60/40 ratio)
Acid Catalysts - Typical Use Levels
The chart below can be used as a starting point
guideline. The suggested cure schedules are based
upon a 30 minute cure for typical Resin/HMMM
(75/25 ratio) coatings. The suggested starting level
is the percentage of catalyst based on total resin
solids.
Once a schedule is established, a ladder study
should be conducted to optimize the formulation.
Acid Catalysts - Suggested Starting Levels
Product
70°C
90°C
110°C
125°C
150°C
175°C
200°C
NACURE 155
4.7%
2.7%
1.6%
1.2%
0.6%
0.5%
0.3%
NACURE 1051
NR
NR
NR
2.2%
1.4%
0.9%
0.6%
NACURE 5076
4.5%
2.5%
1.5%
1.1%
0.7%
0.5%
0.3%
NACURE 4054
NR
NR
4.0%
2.0%
1.0%
NR
NR
NACURE 4046
NR
3.0%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.8%
0.5%
K-CURE 1040/W
4.2%
2.3%
1.4%
1.0%
0.7%
0.4%
0.3%
K-CURE 129B
2.6%
1.5%
0.9%
0.7%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
NACURE XC-C207
2.5%
2.0%
1.0%
0.75%
0.5%
0.3%
0.2%
30 Minute Cure Schedule, catalyst as supplied on Total Resin Solids, Resin/HMMM (75/25 ratio), NR=Not recommended
5
NACURE® Blocked Acid Catalysts
Acid Type
Volatile
NACURE
X49-110
DNNDSA
NACURE
3525
DNNDSA
NACURE
3327
DNNDSA
NACURE
3483
%
Active
pH
lbs./gal.
Gardner
Color
Minimum
Cure*
25
6.5 - 7.5
7.55
10 max.
90°C
Best overall properties. Excellent
water and corrosion resistance, and
adhesion.
25
7.0 - 8.5
7.65
10 max.
120°C
Better solubility than X49-110,
slower curing. Good salt spray
resistance and adhesion.
25
6.5 - 7.5
7.40
N/A
107°C
DNNDSA
Xylene
25
N/A
8.20
10 max.
120°C
Low conductivity for electrostatic
spray. High gloss, reduced pigment
interaction.
NACURE
1323
DNNSA
Xylene
21
6.8 - 7.5
7.43
N/A
150°C
High temperature applications.
Excellent solubility in aromatic
and aliphatic solvents.
NACURE
1419
DNNSA
Xylene/MIBK
30
N/A
7.74
N/A
150°C
Electrostatic spray. High bake
applications for water, detergent
and salt spray resistance.
NACURE
1557
Butanol
2-Butoxyethanol
25
6.5 - 7.5
7.56
N/A
150°C
Resolves solvent popping in thick
films. Excellent humidity and
detergent resistance.
25
6.5 - 6.9
7.48
N/A
150°C
High bake amino crosslinked
systems such as coil coatings
and metal decorating.
Isobutanol
Isopropanol
Isobutanol
Isopropanol
Isobutanol
Isopropanol
DNNSA
Attributes/Uses
Better solubility than other amine
blocked DSA catalysts.
NACURE
1953
Butanol
2-Butoxyethanol
NACURE
5225
DDBSA
Isopropanol
25
6.0 - 7.0
7.40
2
120°C
Best solubility in high solids
enamels. Good solubility in
aliphatic solvents.
NACURE
5414
DDBSA
Xylene
25
N/A
8.30
4
130°C
Polymeric blocked. Excellent
electrostatic spray (non-aqueous).
Good intercoat adhesion.
NACURE
5528
DDBSA
Isopropanol
25
7.0 - 8.0
7.50
2
120°C
Broad solubility.
Excellent color stability.
NACURE
5925
DDBSA
Isopropanol
25
7.0 - 7.5
7.50
2
120°C
Complies with FDA 21 CFR, Sec.
175.300 (b) (3) xiii (a&b)
NACURE
2107
p-TSA
Isopropanol
25
8.0 - 9.0
7.57
1
90°C
NACURE
2500
p-TSA
Isopropanol
26
6.0 - 7.0
8.15
1
80°C
Low temperature cure.
Excellent stability.
NACURE
2501
Methanol
Isopropanol
25
6.0 - 7.2
8.01
1
80°C
Slightly higher resistivity than 2500.
Better ketone solubility.
NACURE
2522
Isopropanol
Methanol
25
3.5-3.9
7.85
1
80°C
NACURE
2530
Methanol
Isopropanol
25
5.7 - 6.5
7.90
1
80°C
DNNSA
Good metal mark resistance.
TSA
p-TSA
p-TSA
Partially neutralized to provide faster
cure and reduce wrinkling at higher
curing temperatures.
Low temperature cure.
Low tendency to yellow or wrinkle.
More Blocked Catalysts Continued On Next Page
6
NACURE & K-CURE ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS
PRODUCT
NACURE® Blocked Acid Catalysts - Continued
NACURE & K-CURE ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS
PRODUCT
Acid Type
Volatile
%
Active
pH
lbs./gal.
Gardner
Color
Minimum
Cure*
NACURE
2547
p-TSA
Water
25
8.0 - 9.0
9.18
1
107°C
Readily soluble in waterborne
systems. Solvent-free.
NACURE
2558
Ethylene Glycol
25
3.5 - 4.5
9.64
1
80°C
Excellent control of popping and
blistering.
NACURE
XC-8224
Mixed Acids
Water
25
8.0 - 9.0
9.08
1
80°C
Fast cure response and solubility
in waterborne coatings.
NACURE
4167
Acid Phosphate
25
6.8 - 7.5
7.16
2
80°C
Blocked phosphate for high
NH/polymeric melamines.
NACURE
XP-297
Acid Phosphate
25
6.5 - 7.5
8.20
2
90°C
Aqueous systems using high
NH/polymeric melamines.
NACURE
4575
Acid Phosphate
25
7.0 - 8.0
8.30
2
100°C
p-TSA
Isopropanol
Isobutanol
Water
Isopropanol
Methanol
Butanol
Attributes/Uses
High gloss. Superb storage
stability with polymeric amino
resins.
The percent of catalyst shown is as supplied on
TRS.
Typical Use Levels - Blocked Catalysts
The chart below can be used to as a starting point
reference for blocked catalysts. Cure schedules and
use levels are based upon a 30 minute cure for
typical Resin/HMMM (75/25 ratio) coatings.
Once a temperature and use level is established
from the chart, a ladder study should be conducted
to optimize the formulation.
Typical Use Levels for Blocked Catalysts Based On Cure Temperature
30 Minute Cure - 75/25 Ratio - Resin/HMMM, % Catalyst (as supplied) on Total Resin Solids
Hydrophobic
Blocked DNNSA - (21% Active)
3%
2%
1.1%
Blocked DNNDSA - (25% Active)
2.4%
6%
3%
Hydrophilic
100
(38)
150
(65)
Blocked DDBSA - (25% Active)
1.3%
0.8%
Blocked p-TSA - (25% Active)
1.6%
5%
200
(93)
250
(121)
7
0.7%
300
(150)
350
(177)
0.4%
400 °F
(204) °C
Catalyst Selection by Applications & Performance
Application
The cross reference chart shows you specific
performance properties to types of catalysts. As
always, our technical service staff can assist you
with meeting your particular requirements.
Solvent Systems
Waterborne Systems
NACURE 1323, NACURE X49-110
NACURE 1419, NACURE 3483
NACURE 155, NACURE X49-110
NACURE 3525
Automotive Basecoat
NACURE 5525, NACURE 2500
NACURE 5528, NACURE 3525
NACURE 2500, NACURE 5076
NACURE 2547, NACURE 5528
Automotive Topcoat/Clearcoat
NACURE 5225, NACURE 2500,
2522, 4054, 5414 & 5528
NACURE 2500, NACURE 5076
NACURE 2547, 5528, 5225 and 4167
Can
NACURE 5925, NACURE 155
NACURE 3483, NACURE 3525 & 4046
NACURE 155, NACURE 5925
NACURE 5076
Coil (PCM)
NACURE 1051, NACURE 1323
NACURE 1419, NACURE 2107 & 4046
NACURE 2500, NACURE 5225
NACURE X49-110
Inks
NACURE 155, NACURE 1051
K-CURE 1040
NACURE 155
K-CURE 1040W
Metal Decorating
NACURE 155, K-CURE 1040
K-CURE 129B
NACURE 155
K-CURE 1040W
Paper Coatings
K-CURE 1040, K-CURE 129B
NACURE 155
K-CURE 1040W, NACURE 155
NACURE 2530
NACURE X49-110, NACURE 3525
NACURE 1323
NACURE 155, NACURE X49-110
NACURE 3525
NACURE 155, K-CURE 1040
K-CURE 129B
NACURE 155, K-CURE 1040W
NACURE 2530
Appliances
Primers
Wood Finishing
Catalyst Selection by Performance Properties
Performance Property
DNNDSA
Adhesion
▲
Chip Resistance
KEY: ▲ - Highly Recommended ■ - Recommended
DNNSA
DDBSA
p-TSA
■
■
▲
■
Corrosion Resistance
▲
▲
Detergent Resistance
■
▲
Electrostatic Conductivity
■
▲
■
FDA 175.300
▲
Film Flexibility
▲
Film Hardness
■
Flow & Leveling
■
■
▲
▲
■
High Gloss
Moisture Resistance
Package Stability
AAP/PAP
▲
▲
▲
▲
■
▲
■
QUV Resistance
▲
8
■
NACURE & K-CURE ACID & BLOCKED ACID CATALYSTS
Application areas for acid and blocked acid catalysts
cover a broad spectrum of end-uses, from medium
to high solid solvent-based formulations to water
reducible and latex systems. Typical applications
are summarized below.
K-KAT® Non-Tin Catalysts for Polyurethanes
Introduction
K-KAT CATALYSTS FOR URETHANES
Amines and organometallic catalysts are commonly
used as accelerators in the polyol/isocyanate reaction to produce polyurethanes. When formulating a
polyurethane coating, it has been found that both
performance and properties can be affected by the
choice of catalyst.
Amine catalysts are typically used in foam applications. Their catalytic activity accelerates the reaction
of aromatic isocyanates with water and alcohols,
releasing carbon dioxide. Use of amines in coating
applications, however, is generally not acceptable
because of their negative effect on film properties,
especially yellowing.
King Industries has developed a range of
catalysts for isocyanate-hydroxyl crosslinking that
are based on bismuth, aluminum and zirconium
metal chelates and complexes. These K-KAT catalysts are not only environmentally more acceptable
than organotin compounds, but can offer performance advantages as well.
PRODUCT
Composition
%
Non-volatile
lbs./gal.
Specific K-KAT catalysts can be selected to
enhance these advantages, including reduced water
reaction, improved pot life, faster cure, improved
catalysis in cationic electrocoating and reduced
hydrolysis of ester groups.
Unique Non-tin Catalysts
K-KAT 348, XC-B221 and XC-C227 - Bismuth
Carboxylate Catalysts Provide properties similar
to DBTDL. They are particularly effective in blocked
isocyanate and elastomer systems.
K-KAT 4205, 6212, and A209 - Zirconium
Catalysts can offer fast, selective catalysis of 2K
urethane coatings.
K-KAT 5218 - Aluminum Chelate Catalyst is used
in 2K systems where extended potlife is desired.
K-KAT XK-602 - Metal complex designed for
powder coatings.
K-KAT XK-604 - Mercury Replacement Catalyst
based on a proprietary organometallic complexes.
Typical Use Levels
Attributes/Uses
(% on total resin solids)
2K
Blocked NCO
K-KAT
348
Bismuth Carboxylate
75
10.0
0.03-0.1
K-KAT
XC-B221
Bismuth Carboxylate
100
9.4
0.03-0.1
0.5-2
Improved hydrolytic stability.
Especially effective in cationic
electro-coatings.
K-KAT
XC-C227
Bismuth Carboxylate
88
9.3
0.05-0.5
0.5-2
Resistant to hydrolysis. Improved potlife & high reactivity in
forced dried applications
K-KAT
4205
Zirconium Chelate
2,4 - Pentanedione
N/A
8.1
1-2
Not
Recommended
Good potlife, recommended for
ambient cure (not bake/force
dry)
K-KAT
5218
Aluminum Chelate
Complex
Reactive Diluent
65
9.1
1-2
Not
Recommended
Excellent potlife with
2,4, pentanedione
K-KAT
6212
Zirconium Complex
Reactive Diluent
95
8.2
0.3-2
Not
Recommended
Fast cure, waterborne systems
Plural component
K-KAT
A209
Zirconium Complex
Reactive Diluent
35
7.9O
0.05-1
Not
Recommended
Fast cure, waterborne, slow
reacting systems
Resin synthesis
K-KAT
XK-602
Metal Complex
100
Powder
K-KAT
XK-604
Organometallic
Complex
100
10.0
9
0.5-2
Similar to DBDTL, particularly
effective for blocked
isocyanates and elastomers
1.0-5.0 Powder Coatings
Uretdione crosslinked and
caprolactam blocked isocyanate
powder coatings.
0.1-0.5%
100% solids 2K urethanes for
cast elastomers. Similar cure
profile to mercury catalysts.
K-KAT Products and Performance
K-KAT 348
K-KAT 4205
K-KAT 348 is a bismuth carboxylate which can be
used in blocked isocyanate and two component
urethane systems offering:
K-KAT 4205 is a liquid zirconium complex which is
an effective catalyst for 2K urethane coatings
offering:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
K-KAT 348 Vs. DBTDL - Yellowing
A good indicator of resistance to yellowing is
b* Color Value where a higher number corresponds
to increased yellowing.
Fast tack free time
Excellent viscosity stability/pot life
Excellent exterior durability
Use levels at low metal concentrations
K-KAT 4205/DBTDL TACK-FREE TIME COMPARISON
Polyester/Isocyanate , Ambient Cure, Equal Pot Life
K-KAT 4205 (0.0012% metal)
DBTDL (0.0042% metal)
The graph below demonstrates that similar QUV
durability is obtainable with K-KAT 348 as
compared to DBTDL.
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5 HOURS
QUV STUDY - K-KAT 348/DBTDL
Acrylic/Blocked NCO - 30 Minutes/138˚C
K-KAT 5218
K-KAT 5218 can be used in both baked and
ambient cured 2K urethane systems offering:
•
•
Synergy with pot life extenders such as
2,4 - Pentandione
Excellent exterior durabilitty
K-KAT 5218/DBTDL POT LIFE COMPARISON
2K Polyester/HDI Trimer, Ambient Cure, Equal Dry Time
K-KAT XC-C227
K-KAT XC-C227 offers excellent resistance to
hydrolysis compared to conventional bismuth
carboxylate catalysts as shown in the photos
below.
Two Months Humidity Exposure
Open Container
K-KAT XC-C227
Conventional Bismuth Catalyst
Bismuth carboxylate catalysts will also hydrolyze
when diluted with solvents that contain trace
amounts of water.
10
K-KAT CATALYSTS FOR URETHANES
Excellent exterior durability
Non-yellowing characteristics
Excellent gloss retention
K-KAT A209
K-KAT A209 is a concentrated version of 6212 that
is best suited for slower curing formulations.
Typical uses include:
•
K-KAT XK-604
Slow curing formulations such as IPDI
crosslinked coatings
Resin synthesis
NCO terminated prepolymers
•
•
K-KAT CATALYSTS FOR URETHANES
K-KAT 6212
K-KAT 6212 is recommended for use in two component plural gun or in-line mixing applications providing advantages as follows.
•
•
•
With the use of an acid scavenger, K-KAT XK-602
has shown to be effective at temperatures as low as
140˚C.
Rapid cure response and fast tack free time
Excellent low temperature cure response
High selectivity for - NCO/OH reaction over
the NCO/water reaction
K-KAT 6212 must be added to the isocyanate component.
K-KAT XK-604 is based on a blend of proprietary
organometallic complexes and is highly effective
when used to cure cast elastomers, such as 100%
solids 2K urethanes. As shown in the profile below
K-KAT XK-604 offers a similar cure profile to mercury catalysts without the environmental and toxicity
issues.
In addition to offering good latency before snap
curing, XK-604 can also provide improved post-gel
cure compared to other mercury replacement catalysts.
Gel Cure Profile
K-KAT XK-604 to Mercury Catalyst
K-KAT XK-602
K-KAT KX-602 was specifically designed to for use
in uretdione crosslinked powder coatings to lower
cure temperatures while preventing yellowing which
is a common problem associated with standard
amine based catalysts used in these coatings.
These performance characteristics are shown in the
table which follows.
Mercury
Catalyst
Polyester/Uretdione Powder Costing
Test results show the use of K-KAT XK-602 can
lower cure temperatures and even under overbake
curing conditions reduce yellowing.
TEST RESULTS
(Overbake)
Control
Substrate
Initial Cure
Schedule
1.25% XK-602
On TRS
5.0% XK-602
On TRS
BONDERITE 1000
20 minutes
at 200˚
20 minutes
at 170˚C
30 minutes
at 150°C
b*
0.12
-0.2
0.43
White index
89.5
90.8
90.8
Yellow index
-0.8
-1.7
-0.03
20 minutes
at 200˚C
20 minutes
at 170˚C
30 minutes
at 150°C
2.5 (2.4)
-0.05 (0.20)
0.5 (0.1)
79.2 (10.3)
90.1 (0.7)
90.3 (0.5)
st
1 Overbake
Schedule (∆)
b*
White index
Yellow index
2nd Overbake
Schedule (∆)
b*
K-KAT XK-604
3.7 (4.5)
-1.1 (0.6)
0.16 (0.2)
20 minutes
at 200˚C
20 minutes
at 170˚C
20 minutes
at 200°C
3.3 (3.2)
0.09 (0.3)
3.2 (2.8)
White index
73.8 (15.7)
89.3 (1.5)
76.9 (13.9)
Yellow index
5.2 (6.0)
-0.9 (0.8)
5.23 (5.3)
11
K-KAT Applications
Catalyst Selection by Applications
Solvent
Systems
Waterborne
Systems
Automotive Basecoat
Automotive Topcoat
Cast Elastomers
Coil
Powder
Systems
K-KAT -6212
K-KAT 348,
K-KAT 4205
K-KAT XC-602
K-KAT XC-604
K-KAT 348, K-KAT XC-B221,
K-KAT XC-C227
K-KAT 348,
K-KAT XC-B221
Electrocoat
General Industrial
K-KAT 4205,
K-KAT 5218
K-KAT 6212, K-KAT A209,
K-KAT XC-B221
K-KAT XC-602
Maintenance
K-KAT 4205,
K-KAT 5218
K-KAT 6212, K-KAT A209,
K-KAT XC-B221
K-KAT XC-602
Prepolymer
K-KAT 6212,
K-KAT A209
K-KAT 6212, K-KAT A209,
K-KAT XC-B221
Refinish
K-KAT 4205
K-KAT 6212
Resin Synthesis
K-KAT A209
K-KAT 6212
Adhesives, Elastomers,
Foam
Caulks, Sealants, Roofing
K-KAT 348, K-KAT 6212
K-KAT A209, K-KAT XC-C227
K-KAT XC-604
K-KAT 348, K-KAT XC-B221
K-KAT XC-604
12
K-KAT CATALYSTS FOR URETHANES
Application
NACURE LATENT & SUPER CATALYSTS FOR EPOXY
NACURE® SUPER - Latent Catalysts
for the Thermal Cure of Epoxy Resin Systems
King has developed NACURE Super catalysts for
the thermal cure of epoxy resins; and NACURE
metal chelates for the epoxy-carboxy or epoxyanhydride crosslinking reaction.
These catalysts permit the formulation of room
temperature, stable, heat reactive coatings, which
offer the following advantages :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NACURE SUPER
The NACURE Super catalysts are based on very
strong acids, such as hexafluoroantimonate or triflic
acid and can be used in conjunction with
cycloaliphatic epoxies, glycidyl ester and glycidyl
ether resins.
Polymerization of the epoxy resin occurs via a
cationic mechanism, thus allowing reaction with
hydroxyl, lactone, oxetane or vinyl functional
groups. High solids or solventless coatings for high
speed or low temperature applications can be
obtained using this technology.
Formaldehyde-free formulations
Up to 100% solids
Cure as low as 80°C
No volatile reaction products
Low shrinkage
High chemical resistance
Excellent mechanical properties
NACURE Super catalysts are formulated for use in
solventfree, high solids and waterborne coatings.
Catalysts based on hexafluoroantimonate
(XC-7231) cannot be used in waterborne systems.
NACURE® Super Catalysts for Epoxy Polymerization
PRODUCT
Composition
NACURE
SUPER
XC-A202
%
Active
Specific
Gravity
25°C
Metal Salt of
Triflic Acid
in water
25
1.19
NACURE
SUPER
XC-A218
Metal Salt of
Triflic Acid
in n-butanol
25
NACURE
SUPER
XC-A230
Ammonium
Triflate
NACURE
SUPER
A233
NACURE
SUPER
XC-7231
Form
Typical Use Levels
DSC*
(catalyst solids on
total resin solids)
Activation
Temperature
Attributes/Uses
Clear
Liquid
0.1 - 2%
90°C
1.02
Clear
Liquid
0.01 - 3%
90°C
100
—
White
Crystals
0.01 - 3%
110°C
Cationic heat cure of inks, adhesives and coatings.
Amine Salt of
Triflic Acid in
Water/Solvent
60
1.16
Amber
Liquid
0.01 - 3%
160°C
Cationic heat cure of inks, adhesives and coatings
Ammonium
Antimony
Hexafluoride
100
__
White
Crystals
0.01 - 3%
90°C
Catalyst for various ring opening
polymerization reactions, electronic encapsulations, castings
and WB epoxy dispersions
Catalyst for various ring opening
polymerization reactions, electronic encapsulations, castings,
2K coatings
Cationic heat cure of inks, adhesives and coatings, cycloaliphatic
resins - cure temperature > 80°C
NACURE for Epoxy-Carboxyl Curing
NACURE
XC-9206
Metal
Chelate
—
1.07
Tan/
Clear
Liquid
0.03 - 3%
__
NACURE
XC-9250
Metal
Chelate
50
0.99
Clear
Amber
Liquid
0.01 - 4%
__
Thermal cured epoxy-carboxyl or
epoxy-anhydride reactions.
Automotive clearcoats, can and
coil coatings. Cure temp. >120°C
Catalyst for automotive clearcoats, can and coil coatings.
Cure temperatures >120°C
* DSC - Differential Scanning Calorimeter - Ramp 40°F increments per minutes to 600° F . Catalyst concentration - 1% solids on epoxy solids.
Cycloaliphatic diexpoxide with epoxy equivalent weight 131-143.
13
Solvent Compatibility - NACURE Super XC-7231
and XC-A230 are solid catalysts and predilution with
propylene carbonate is recommended. Other suitable solvents include acetone, methanol and citrate
esters. Solutions are less stable than the solid catalyst and changes in formulation stability on ageing
can occur. If a precut is kept for an extended period
of time, there will be a noticeable color shift. Therefore, it is recommended that all precuts be made
and used as needed. Precutting in epoxy functional
diluents is not recommended.
NACURE Epoxy-Carboxyl Catalysts
NACURE XC-9206 and XC-9250 are metal chelate
catalysts for the reaction of epoxy groups with
carboxyl, anhydride or phenolic groups. They offer
exceptional stability at room temperature and fast
cure at elevated temperatures. In comparison to
amine hardeners they do not promote yellowing and
the films have improved resistance properties. .
Sensitivity - Due to the strength of these acids,
they are sensitive to basic materials. Thus, cure can
be inhibited by basic substrates, pigments or
resins.
Avoid the use of nitrogen bearing compounds. It has
been observed that A202, A218 and A233, are less
sensitive than XC-7231 to substrate inhibition.
Ambient Cure - NACURE Super Catalysts are
designed for thermal cure (80° C and above).
Although products like XC-A218 have demonstrated
cure at ambient temperatures, the concentrations
required do not make this a cost-effective approach.
NACURE® SUPER - Selection by System and Epoxy Type
SYSTEMS
XC-A202
One Component
■
Two Component
■
Waterborne
▲
Solventborne
100% Nonvolatile, Liquid
XC-A218
XC-A230
XC-A233
XC-7231
XC-9206
XC-9250
▲
■
■
■
■
■
■
▲
■
■
■
■
▲
■
■
Powder
■
■
▲
■
▲
■
RESINS/MONOMER
Cycloaliphatic Diepoxide
Glycidyl Ether
Glycidyl Ester
■
■
▲
■
▲
■
■
■
▲
■
▲
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
14
NACURE LATENT & SUPER CATALYSTS FOR EPOXY
Coatings Stability - Given the highly reactive
nature of the Nacure Super Catalysts, under certain
conditions coating stability may suffer. In these
instances, stability can be improved by addition of a
weak base such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to the
formulation in a range of 0.2 - 3.2%. If added in
excess, cure will be hindered. As with all catalysts, a
cure ladder study is recommended to optimize both
cure and stability.
Formulating Considerations
K-FLEX® Polyester Polyols,
Urethane Diols and Specialty Modifiers
K-FLEX® is King Industries’ trademark used to
describe three distinct product lines of specialty
polyols and resin modifiers consisting of the
following chemistries:
K-FLEX POLYESTER POLYOLS are based upon
low molecular weight linear, saturated, aliphatic
structures with pendant hydroxyl groups.
K-FLEX URETHANE DIOLS are novel, low molecular weight diols with an all-urethane backbone.
K-FLEX SPECIALTY PRODUCTS include two
100% active, acetoacetate functional reactive diluents. K-FLEX XM-B301 and 7301 are particularly
effective in epoxy/polyamide primers and systems
crosslinked with amino resins or polyisocyanates.
Applications Reference Chart
K-FLEX RESIN MODIFIERS
Application
Solvent Systems
Waterborne Systems
Aerospace
188, A307, A308,
XM-B301, 7301
188, XM-B301,
7301
Appliances
188, 148, A307, A308
UD-350W, UD-320W, 188
148, A307
Urethane Diols*
Automotive OEM Topcoat
188, A307, A308,
UD-320
Urethane Diols, 188
Automotive Refinish
188, A307,A308,
XM-B301, 7301
188, XM-B301,
7301
Can
188, 148, A307
Urethane Diols, 188
Cationic UV
148, 188, A307,
A308
Not Applicable
Coil (PCM)
A307, A308
UD-320
Urethane Diols
188, A308, 7301
XM-B301
Urethane Diols, 188
188, A307, A308,
XM-B301, UD-320, 7301
Urethane Diols, 188,
7301
188, A307, A308,
UD-320-100
Urethane Diols, 188
188, A307
Urethane Diols, 188
188, A307, A308,
XM-B301
188, XM-B301
188, A308
Urethane Diols, 188
UD-320-100, 188, A308
UD-320-100, 188
188, A307, XM-B301,
7301, A308
Urethane Diols, 188
XM-B301, 7301
188, UD-320, A308
Urethane Diols, 188
Automotive OEM Primer
Floor Coatings
General Industrial
Inks
Leather
Maintenance/Marine
Overprint Varnish
Prepolymer Synthesis
Sealants and Adhesives
Wood
* Urethane Diols include: K-FLEX UD-320, UD-320-100, UD-320W and UD-350W
17
K-FLEX® Specialty Products
They are primarily recommended for use in
2-component epoxy coatings, adhesives and sealants. They are particularly effective in epoxy/
polyamine and epoxy/polyamide systems. Pot life
can be extended with the use of ketone solvents.
PRODUCT
Composition
Equivalent
Weight
(Active Hydrogen)
Key features include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduced induction time
Excellent adhesion
Improved salt fog wet adhesion
Improved humidity resistance
VOC and viscosity reduction
Elimination of solvent popping and pinholes
Faster cure
Viscosity
25°C (cPs)
Attributes/Uses
K-FLEX
XM-B301
100% Active
Reactive Diluent
190
1,100
Acetoacetate functional reactive diluent for
use in 2-component epoxy primers,
adhesives and sealants.
K-FLEX
7301
100% Active
Reactive Diluent
125
150
Acetoacetate functional reactive diluent for
use in 2-component epoxy primers, adhesives and sealants. TSCA/DSL only.
XM-B301 has demonstrated the following advantages in 2K epoxy adhesive formulations (King formulation EAP-4).
•
•
Improved lap shear strength to metallic and
non-metallic substrates
Faster bond strength development
K-FLEX XM-B301 Performance
K-FLEX XM-B301 was used to modify an epoxy
polyamide formulation at two different modification
levels. The study monitored the effect on induction
time, cure and potlife as well as film properties. A
summary can be found in the tables which follow.
By replacing just 10% of the epoxy resin with
K-FLEX XM-B301, it was possible to significantly
enhance the 5°C low temperature cure response of
this epoxy/amine system. Additionally, a number of
film properties were improved.
K-FLEX XM-B301 Low Temperature Cure
Epoxy/Amine Modification
Modification On Total
Resin Solids
Control
10% XM-B301
48
24
Set-To-Touch
11
8
Through Dry
24+
21
200+
200+
Initial
99
100
Time to Double
Viscosity, minutes
Dry Times at 5°C, hours
K-FLEX XM-B301 Effect On Cure
Epoxy/Polyamide Modification
% Modification on Total Resin
Solids
Control
0
2.9
5.9
Induction Time (mins) to good
appearance
90
40
40
Time to Double Viscosity (hrs)
5
3
2
9.8
7.2
4.2
Surface Dry Time (hours)
Low Temperature Cure - Epoxy/Amine System
Effect On Film Properties
Effect On Film Properties
MEK Double Rubs
85° Gloss, % Reflectance
Knoop Hardness
22.6
15.0
17.9
After 1 week humidity
80
100
Impact Strength (in./ lbs)
Forward/reverse
40/5
50/10
50/20
Impact Strength
Direct (in./lbs)
Indirect (in./lbs.)
30
<10
40
<10
13
10
12
4
8
3
Salt Fog (mm creep)
Cold Rolled Steel, 350 Hrs.
Galvanized, 672 Hrs.
18
K-FLEX REACTIVE DILUENTS
K-FLEX XM-B301 and 7301 are low viscosity, acetoacetate functional reactive diluents with excellent
compatibility with a wide range of resins. They can
be used in solvent based and waterborne systems.
K-FLEX® Polyester Polyols
K-FLEX POLYESTER POLYOLS
K-FLEX polyester polyols are used primarily as
modifiers for acrylic, alkyd, epoxy and polyester
formulations with melamine or polyisocyanate
crosslinkers. Typical modification levels are 5 to
15% on total resin solids.
The low molecular weight and narrow molecular
weight distribution of K-FLEX polyesters allow the
formulation of higher solids coatings. Primary
hydroxyl groups provide high reactivity for lower
temperature cure. K-FLEX polyester polyols are
used to:
•
•
•
•
•
Increase film flexibility while maintaining
hardness
Improve resistance properties
Reduce VOC’s - increase solids
Achieve higher crosslink density
Improve cure adhesion
K-FLEX
188
100% Active
Polyester Polyol
K-FLEX
A308
100% Active
Polyester Polyol
K-FLEX
148
100% Active
Polyester Polyol
K-FLEX
A307
100% Active
Polyester Polyol
PRODUCT
AT-400
Control
20% K-FLEX 188
Modification
VOC’s (lbs/gal)
3
2.6
Florida Exposure
3 Years, 5° South
60° Gloss
38
54
Performance:
Toughness 2K Polyurethane
Performance - Mechanical Properties
2K Polyurethane Modified with K-FLEX 188 & A308
As an example, modification of Rohm & Haas’ high
solids acrylic resin (Paraloid AT-400) in a HMMM
crosslinked system with 20% K-FLEX on total resin
solids provided a significant improvement in VOC’s
and Florida exposure as shown, as well as, viscosity
stability and QUV resistance.
Composition
Performance - 20% K-FLEX Modification
HS Acrylic/HMMM - 60 min/110° C
K-FLEX 188 and A308 offer toughness to 2component polyurethane elastomers or sealants.
The table below summarizes mechanical properties
for each when crosslinked with an isocyanurate
trimer of HDI. While K-FLEX 188 provides the highest level of toughness, A308 can be a viable alternative if viscosity is an issue.
Performance:
High Solids Acrylic/Melamine Modification
PRODUCT
HOCH2 ⎯ R ⎯CH2OOC—/W\—COOCH2—R—CH2OH
TEST
K-FLEX A308
K-FLEX 188
Tensile Strength, psi
798
1,771
Tensile Elongation, %
120
147
Young’s Modulus, psi
2,446
5,309
Hydroxyl #
On Solids
25°C (cPs)
230
10,000
-32˚C
260
1,500
-59˚C
Similar to 188 but the low viscosity combined
with the higher hydroxyl number gives good
hardness and adhesion while allowing lower
VOC levels.
-42˚C
235
3,750
Improves flexibility, and gloss. Increase solids
at lower viscosity. Good flow and leveling.
Excellent intercoat adhesion properties.
140
5,400
-50˚C
Flexibility modifier for acrylic/isocyanate and
acrylic/melamine systems. The low hydroxyl
number minimizes the crosslinker demand.
Viscosity
17
Tg
Attributes/Uses
Improves flexibility, salt spray and humidity
resistance while maintaining hardness.
Highest reactivity. Excellent adhesion to many
substrates including plastics. Highly
recommended for 2k urethane applications.
Formulating With K-FLEX Polyester Polyols
and Urethane Diols
K-FLEX 188, A307 and A308 are effective modifiers
for most 2-component polyurethane systems. Performance advantages include lower VOC, improved
adhesion, increased flexibility and elongation, higher
tensile strength, humidity resistance and abrasion
resistance.
K-FLEX polyesters and urethane diols can be added
to the grind or letdown with no special incorporation
techniques. To formulate a high solids pigment grind
the addition of at least 5% of a high solids acrylic
resin is recommended in combination with a
K-SPERSE dispersant.
For example, the table that follows details the VOC
reduction and improvement of mechanical properties
of a high solids 2K acrylic polyurethane system,
modified with 16% K-FLEX 188.
Melamine Ratio
Performance
Control
2K Acrylic/ PU
16 % K-FLEX 188
Modification
VOC, lbs/gal.
3.28
3.02
Tensile
Strength
(psi)
2,900
3,300
% Elongation
22.7%
51.8%
119
(mg loss)
87
(mg loss)
Taber Abrasion
Resistance
Adhesion Studies
The K-FLEX polyester polyols have demonstrated
excellent adhesion to many substrates including
plastics. Below is a compilation of several plastic
substrates that were tested with K-FLEX 188,
A308 and A307 formulated with a hexamethoxymethyl melamine (HMMM). K-FLEX 188 also demonstrated excellent adhesion to most plastics tested with
an isocyanate crosslinker.
Crosshatch Adhesion (% Retained)
Substrate
K-FLEX 188
HMMM
System**
K-FLEX
A307
HMMM
System**
K-FLEX
A308
HMMM
System**
ABS
100
100
90
Lexan* LS2
100
100
100
Noryl* GTX
910
100
100
100
Noryl* GTX
901
100
100
100
Xenoy*
1101A
100
100
100
PVC
100
100
100
* GE - General Electric Plastics
** K-FLEX/HMMM - 35 min./66°C, 3% K-CURE 129B on Total Resin Solids
A K-FLEX/Melamine ratio of 60/40 is recommended
for modifying typical resin systems. When used as
modifying resins at levels of 5% or less an
adjustment in melamine ratio is not required.
However, due to the high hydroxyl value of these
products, higher level modifications require a
corresponding increase in the melamine ratio. The
table below provides a good guideline for optimum
film performance with a good balance of properties.
Higher or lower levels of melamine may be used to
adjust film properties as required. Using higher
melamine levels will provide harder, less flexible
films. Lower melamine levels will provide softer,
more flexible films. K-FLEX A307 has a lower
hydroxyl number and as such, the adjustment in
melamine ratios are not as critical.
MELAMINE RATIOS
K-FLEX MODIFICATION LEVELS*
Primary Resin//Melamine - Modification - Percentages
K-FLEX
LEVEL,
0%
85/15
80/20
75/25
70/30
65/35
60/40
5%
80/15
75/20
70/25
65/30
60/35
55/40
10%
71/19
67/23
62/28
58/32
54//36
50/40
15%
64/21
60/25
56/29
52/33
49/36
45/40
20%
57/23
53/27
50/30
47/33
43/37
40/40
25%
50/25
47/28
44/31
41/34
38/37
35/40
50%
14/36
13/37
12/38
12/38
11/39
10/40
* All products with the exception of A307 where adjustments of
melamine ratios are not as critical.
Isocyanate Ratios
The high hydroxyl number of K-FLEX products
necessitate a careful calculation of the isocyanate
ratio to assure complete crosslinking of the polyol
hydroxyl groups. A NCO:OH ratio of 1.04:1.00 to
1.10:1.00 is typical. K-FLEX A307 has the lowest
isocyanate demand.
18
K-FLEX POLYESTER POLYOLS
Performance: Isocyanate Crosslinked
Systems
APPLICATION - QUICK REFERENCE CHART
SYSTEM KEY (Font Color)
Solvent Based
Waterborne
Powder
UV
APPLICATIONS (A-I)
Adhesives
NACURE & K-CURE CATALYSTS
1040, 155
1040W, 155
NACURE SUPER CATALYSTS
XC-7231, A218 A233,
A202, XC-7231, A230
K-KAT CATALYSTS
348, XK-604, 6212, A209
K-FLEX POLYESTER POLYOLS
Aerospace
Appliances
Automotive
BASECOAT
TOPCOAT
X49-110, 1323
155, 3525
5225, 2500
2547, 5528
5225, 5414
2547, 5528
5218, 6212, A209
348, XC-B221, XK-602
6212,A209
348, 4205
6212, A209
188, A308, 188, A308
188, A307
188, A307, 188, A308,
188, A307, 188, A308,
188, A307
188, A308
188, A308
188, A308
K-FLEX URETHANE DIOLS & SPECIALTIES
320, 320-100, UD-350W,
XM-B301,
320, 320-100, 320W, 350W, 320, 320-100, 320W, 350W
XM-B301, 7301
320, 320W,
350W
320, 320W
350W
K-STAY RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS
740
731
152, A503
K-SPERSE DISPERSANTS
152, A503, 6501, 6502
152, A503
152, A503
1151, 1552, 1352, 1652
NACORR CORROSION INHIBITORS
DISPARLON THIXOTROPES
6100, 6,200, 6100, 6200
6900-20X
DISPARLON DEFOAMING
UVX-188, 189,190
OX-60, OX-70
1970, LAP -10
AQ-501
LCN 400, L-1984
LCN 400, L-1984
LHP 90,95
AQ-200
UVX 35,36,39
Maintenance
Marine
Metal Decorating
Paper
DISPARLON LEVELING
AQ-600, AQ-607
6900-20X
OX-60,881
LHP 91,96
AQ-200, PL 545
UVX 35,36,39
APPLICATIONS (I-Z)
Inks
NACURE & K-CURE CATALYSTS
155, 1051
155, 1040W
NACURE SUPER CATALYSTS
XC-7231
A233, A202
K-FLEX URETHANE DIOLS & SPECIALTIES
XC-7231, A218, A233
A202, XC-7231, A230
4205, 5218, 6212, A209
4205, 5218, 6212, A209
XK-602
188, A307, 188, A308
188, A307
188, A307, 188, A308
188, A307, 188, A308, 188,
A307
320, 320-100, 350W
320, XM-B301, 7301 350W, 320, 320W, 350W,
XM-B301, 7301
320, 320-100, 320W, 350W,
132, A504
152, A503
152, A503, 6501, 6502
A504
1151, 1552, 1352, 1652
1151,1552, 1352, 1652,
6401, 6402
F-9030, A650-20X,
AQ-607, 610, 6650, 6700
6900-20X
OX-60, OX-70
LAP-10, LAP-20
UVX-188,189,190
L-1983, L-1984
LCN 400, L-1984,
PL 545,UVX 35,36,39
K-KAT CATALYSTS
K-FLEX POLYESTER POLYOLS
X49-110, 1323
155, 3525
188, A308, 188, A308,188,
A307
K-STAY RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS
K-SPERSE DISPERSANTS
NACORR CORROSION INHIBITORS
DISPARLON THIXOTROPES
6900-20X, AQ-607, 610
DISPARLON DEFOAMING
DISPARLON LEVELING
UVX-35, 36, 39
While not all inclusive, this quick reference chart has been designed to offer two starting point product choices by
application, solvent based systems (font-white black in K-SPERSE), waterborne (font-blue) powder (gold font) and UV
(purple - font). Please refer to each product section for additional choices, systems and selection criteria.
Can
Caulk
5925, 155
5925, 155
Coil (PCM)
E-Coat
Elastomers/Foam
1419, 1323
2500, X49-110
2500, 5225
2547, 155
XC-7231
348, XK-604
General Industrial
XC-7231, A218 A233,A202,
XC-7231, A233, XC-7231
348, XC-B221
348, XC-B221
348, XK-604
4205, 5218, 6212, A209
XK-602
188, A307, 188, A308,
188, A307
A307, 148, 188, A308
188, A307
188,148, 188, A308
188, A308, 188, A308
188, A307, 188, A308,
188, A308
320, 320W, 350W
320, 320W, 350W
320, 320W, 350W
501
501, 731
152, A503
152, A503, 6501, 6502
1754, 1551
1352, 1552
6500,6200
Prepolymers
Refinish
1151, 1552, 1352, 1652
6401, 6402
6100, 6200
6900-20X, AQ-600,607, 610,
6100, 6200
LAP -10
OX-60,70 ,UVX188,189,190
LCN 400, L-1984
LCN 400, L-1984, AQ-200,
PL 545, UVX-35,36,39
Resin Synthesis
5925, 155
5925, 155
Sealants
Stain/Varnishes
Wood
1419, 1323
2500, X49-110
2500, 5225
2547, 155
XC-7231
XC-7231, A218 A233, A202
XC-7231, A233,XC-7231
6212, A209, 6212, A209
4205, 6212, A209
XK-604, A209
348, XK-604
188, A308, 188, A308
188, A307, 188, A308
188, A308, 188, A308
188, A308, 188, A308
188, A308, 188, A308
188, A307
320-100, 320-100,
320, XM-B301, 7301,
350W, XM-B301, 7301
320-100,
320-100, XM-B301, 7301
XM-B301, 7301
320, 320-100, 320W, 350W
152, A503
1151, 1552
6900-20X, F-9050,
AQ-600, 607, 610
6500, 6200
A671-EZ, 670-20M
AQ-607, 610
A671-EZ, 670-20M
AQ-607, 610
OX-60,OX-70,
UVX188,189,190
1950
1950
LHP 90, 95,
UVX 35,36,39
UVX 35,36,39
LAP-10,20,30
UVX 35,36,39
K-FLEX® Urethane Diols
K-FLEX URETHANE DIOLS
K-FLEX Urethane diols are low molecular weight
(MW) diols with an aliphatic urethane structure and
a narrow MW distribution. They allow the formulation of higher solids solvent based coatings, as well
as, higher solids, lower VOC waterborne (WB)
coatings. They have been developed to help
achieve VOC compliance with the added benefit of
improved film performance in industrial coatings.
Their low molecular weight provides a higher
crosslink density giving harder films with greater
exterior durability. The urethane diols are useful in
various industrial systems based on the following
chemistries:
•
•
•
•
Amino crosslinked systems
2-component polyurethanes
Blocked Isocyanates
Prepolymer synthesis
K-FLEX urethane diols are soluble in water and
most polar organic solvents. They are not soluble in
more hydrophobic solvents like aliphatic hydrocarbons or aromatics. However, varying levels of
hydrophobic solvents can be tolerated depending on
the solubility parameters of the other solvents
present.
Composition
O
O
OCN
NCO
OH
Advantages In Waterborne Systems
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Replace volatile co-solvents with a
non-volatile reactive co-solvent
Lower VOC (higher solids)
Higher film build without an increase in
viscosity
Improved flow and leveling
More continuous film/higher gloss
Improved resistance properties
Higher hardness
Greater viscosity stability
Improved wet adhesion
Improved stain resistance
Anti-skinning thermoset dip
Lowering VOC’s In Waterborne Systems
The K-FLEX UD-series consist of an all aliphatic
urethane backbone which provides excellent
hydrolytic stability compared to a polyesterurethane.
It also makes the incorporation of
aliphatic urethane functionality possible without the
use of isocyanates.
PRODUCT
HO
On Solids
Hydroxyl Acid
Number
Number
K-FLEX urethane diols are water soluble in the
absence of surfactants, neutralizing amines and
co-solvents. The urethane backbone results in
excellent hydrolytic stability. K-FLEX urethane diols
could be used as non-volatile, reactive co-solvent
replacements or partial replacements helping to
increase solids and lower the VOC of waterborne
formulations. This is demonstrated on the next
page with K-FLEX UD-320W modification of Johnson Polymers’ Joncryl 5401 acrylic emulsion
crosslinked with HMMM in a white baking enamel.
The 2-butoxyethanol was replaced in this formulation with K-FLEX UD-320W. Note the sharp reduction in calculated VOC with only a 5% modification
on total resin solids (TRS).
Viscosity
25°C (cPs)
K-FLEX
UD-320W
UD-350W
88% Active
Urethane Diol
In Water
350
<1
8,000-320W
4,000-350W
K-FLEX
UD-320
82% Active Urethane
Diol in Propylene
Glycol MonoMethylether Acetate
350
<1
9,000
K-FLEX
UD-320-100
100% Active
Urethane Diol
350
<1
7,000
at 50°C
21
Attributes/Uses
Water soluble in absence of amine and cosolvent. Higher solids, improved flow, gloss,
hardness and resistance properties. UD-350W
for optimum storage stability.
Increases application solids and hardness.
Improves chemical resistance, exterior durability
and hydrolytic stability.
Prepolymer synthesis. For water or solvent.
Preparation of polyester urethanes.
VOC Reduction - Acrylic Emulsion
Modification
Level
% on Total
Resin Solids
HMMM Crosslinked Baking Enamels Resistance Properties
11% K-FLEX Modification On Total Resin Solids
No
Modification
5%
UD-320W
15%
UD-320W
192
66
50
VOC (g/l)
System
Humidity
Resistance
(350 hrs)
60º Gloss*
Salt Spray
(350 hrs)
Blister/
mm
creep**
Boiling
Water
Resistance
(1 hour)
Blister
Polymac 72-7203
Water Reducible
Polyester
Control
5
4D/2
8D
UD-350W
59
4F/1
10
Kelsol 301-W-39
Water Reducible
Polyester
Control
79
4D/10
6D
UD-350W
80
4D/3
10
Improved Flow/Leveling & Higher Gloss
Improved Resistance Properties
Advantages In Solventborne and
Solventless Systems
•
•
•
•
HMMM Baking Enamels, Gloss Improvement
Gloss 60º/20º, % Reflectance
•
% K-FLEX UD-320W On TRS
System
* ASTM D 2247, ** ASTM B 177, D=Dense, F=Few, M=Medium
Polymac 72-7203 - Eastman, Kelsol 301-W-39 - Reichhold
0%
10%
15%
Joncryl 540
Acrylic Emulsion
82/15
90/29
93/73
Kelsol 3961-B2G-75
Chain Stopped Alkyd
91/65
94/76
—
Acrysol WS-68
Water Reducible Acrylic
76/38
92/73
—
Joncryl 540 - Johnson Polymers, Kelsol 3961-B2G-75 - Reichhold,
Acrysol WS-68 - Rohm and Haas Company
The all urethane
backbone of the
urethane diols
provides excellent hydrolytic
stability for long
Higher solids (lower VOC)
Higher hardness
Improved resistance to humidity, QUV and
exterior exposure
Improved resistance to solvents and
chemicals
Greater viscosity stability
Performance In Solventborne Systems
Even with low level K-FLEX UD-320 or UD-320-100
modification, a decrease of 2.6-7.3% of VOC is
possible while boosting performance of the overall
formulation. The following table demonstrates the
percentage decrease in VOC with low level modification.
System
2K Acrylic
PU White
2K Polyester
PU Clearcoat
Acrylic
Melamine White
Acrylic
Melamine
Clearcoat
VOC g/l
Control
(UD-320-100)
UD-320-100
Modification
(% on TRS)
%
Decrease
in
VOC
380 (370)
7
2.6
420 (400)
5
5.0
296 (284)
6
4.0
301 (279)
8
7.3
Additionally, low level modification of melamine
crosslinked systems with UD’s resulted in harder
films with improved QUV resistance and exterior
durability. Similarly, modification of
2-component
polyurethanes provided harder and more flexible
films with improved exterior durability.
22
K-FLEX URETHANE DIOLS
The water solubility of the urethane diol provides
improved wetting over various substrates, as well
as, improved flow and leveling. As the water
evaporates during bake, the molecular weight of the
urethane diol increases as it crosslinks with
aminoplast. As a result, there is a concurrent
change from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity of both
the continuous phase, as the water evaporates, and
the urethane diol, as it crosslinks. This results in
improved flow and leveling as the resin systems’
molecular weight maintains compatibility with the
overall system. The end result is higher gloss
waterborne coatings as can be seen below.
K-STAY® Rheology Modifiers
K-STAY rheology modifiers are available for both
solvent-borne and waterborne coatings, specifically:
K-STAY 501 - Based on unique sulfonate
technology for non-aqueous systems.
K-STAY RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS
K-STAY 700 Series - Hydrophobically Modified
Ethoxylated Urethane Associative Thickeners
for waterborne systems
K-STAY 501 is designed to prevent sag and settling
without affecting gloss in non-aqueous pigmented
systems. It is effective in both ambient and high
temperature systems. Supplied as a pourable fluid,
it can be used in high gloss applications with little or
no effect on the final gloss of the system.
The K-STAY 700 Series has been designed to
offer formulators of waterborne systems a range of
products to obtain a specific rheological profile and
performance attributes. Advantages include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Excellent Sag Control
Zero VOC’s
Ease of incorporation
Pseudoplastic profile
Liquid and 100% solid free flowing powder
products
Good sprayability
Advantages of K-STAY 501:
•
•
•
•
Improves sag resistance
Reduces pigment settling
No effect on gloss
Pourable - easy to handle
PRODUCT
Composition
%
Active
Treat
Levels
Attributes/Uses
For Solvent-borne Systems
K-STAY
501
Calcium Sulfonate
Light Aromatic Naphtha
50
0.5 - 3%
For solvent-borne systems, including polyester/
acrylic/melamine, alkyd/melamine, 2K urethanes
and epoxies
Associative Thickeners For Waterborne Systems
K-STAY
720
HEUR* Thickener
Water
50
0.5 - 4%
Intermediate shear thinning, used for increasing low
and medium shear rate viscosity.
K-STAY
730
HEUR Thickener
Water
50
0.5 - 4%
High shear thinning, used to increase low and
medium shear viscosity. Well suited for high film
build, spray applied applications.
K-STAY
731
HEUR Thickener
Water
50
0.2 - 2%
Provides most thickening at low shear rates, but does
not influence high shear rate viscosity. High film build,
spray applications.
K-STAY
740
HEUR Thickener
100
0.2 - 1%
Supplied as solid free flowing powder. Shear thinning,
provides increase to low and medium shear rate
viscosities. Easy to handle.
* HEUR - Hydrophobically Modified Ethoxylated Urethane Thickener
23
K-STAY 501 - Solved Based Systems
Use Levels & Incorporation
K-STAY 501’s pseudoplastic rheology gives a low
shear viscosity increase to prevent settling and
sagging, but maintains a low viscosity during
application.
K-STAY 501 is typically used at concentrations of
0.5% to 3% on total formula weight. Higher levels
can be used where maximum film build is required.
K-STAY can be incorporated at the pigment
dispersion stage or conveniently post added. It is
recommended to pre-mix the K-STAY 501 with an
equal amount of solvent when post adding.
Performance Criteria
Performance
K-STAY 501 was evaluated against other common
rheology modifiers in a polyester melamine bake
coating at their recommended use levels. Performance is shown in the table below.
K-STAY 501
Organoclay
Oxidized Polyethylene
Fumed Silica
1
1
2
1
6 mil
3 mil
1.5 mil
1.5 mil
93
44
88
47
Brookfield Viscosity - 6 rpm, cPs
1800
440
360
940
Brookfield Viscosity - 60 rpm, cPs
530
250
270
370
Shear Thinning Index - STI 6/60
3.4
1.8
1.3
2.5
Use level, %
Sag, 350°C
60° Gloss
K-STAY - Waterborne Systems
The graph below illustrates the rheological profiles
of the K-STAY 700 Series for waterborne systems.
The bottom brown line represents the control formulation.
K-STAY 700 Series
Rheology Profiles
Incorporation
K-STAY 720 can be easily incorporated at all
stages.
K-STAY 730 & 731 can be added in grind or
let-down where predilution with water will ease
incorporation.
K-STAY 740 can be added directly to the pigment
grind. If post-added, a pourable gel can be used.
Viscosity
K-STAY 730 & 731 - for spray applications
K-STAY 720 & & 740 - for roll, dip,
flow and brush applications
Shear Rate
Adding a low to medium shear thickener (K-STAY
720 or 740) provides some shear thinning and is
suitable for coatings applications i.e. roll, brush or
dip. Adding high shear thinning modifiers (K-STAY
730 or 731) provide excellent spray properties.
24
K-STAY RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS
Unlike most thixotropic additives that give inconsistent properties in dip coatings, K-STAY will impart
the same viscosities independent from previous
shear profiles. At higher shear rates such as brush,
spray, roll, etc., the network resulting from K-STAY
501 breaks down, system viscosity is reduced, but
immediately reforms when shear is reduced. This
“shear thinning” characteristic allows for low application viscosity and good atomization when spray
applied. After application, the viscosity increases to
prevent sagging.
NACORR® Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors
NACORR RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS
Introduction
King Industries’ NACORR® Rust & Corrosion
Inhibitors provide formulators the means to impart
corrosion resistance to aqueous, non-aqueous and
powder systems. NACORR can be used as the
primary corrosion inhibitor or in combination with
environmentally friendly anti-corrosive pigments.
They are compatible with a wide variety of resin
systems used in primers and topcoats for a
multitude of industrial applications. Benefits include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Replacement for environmentally
unacceptable anti-corrosive pigments
Synergy with anti-corrosive pigments
that are environmentally friendly
Improved pigment dispersion and gloss
when added to the pigment grind
(for solventborne coatings)
Enhanced cure rates of amino crosslinked
systems, especially with zinc salts,
NACORR 1551 and 1552
Improved corrosion protection in
clearcoats and highly pigmented systems
Liquid materials make for easier
incorporation
NACORR's are metal or amine salts of Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonic Acid (DNNSA). They are
available in different solvents to accommodate the
broad range of coating technologies currently used.
Standard solvents are Mineral Spirits or
2-Butoxyethanol.
NACORR 1153 is for HAPS-free systems, using
n-Propoxy Propanol (PnP) as the solvent. NACORR
is also supplied on a silica carrier for powder coating
applications.
Mechanism
NACORR’s polar metal sulfonate groups have a
strong attraction for the metal substrate. This
passivates the metal surface and prevents formation
of potential anodic sites on the substrate. This
enhances the barrier property of the coating by
preventing oxygen, water and corrosive ions (for
example, chlorides) from reaching the surface and
forming activated sites.
Synergy With Anticorrosive Pigments
The polar sulfonate groups of the NACORR
molecule may not be equally attracted to all anodic
sites of the metal surface because of differences in
metal polarities. Combinations of certain polar
ingredients can interact with each other to give
enhanced adsorption onto metal substrates.
Anti-corrosive pigments prevent corrosion by
enhancing the barrier properties of the coating and/
or the release of cations which coreact with water
and oxygen. This forms an insoluble complex that
passivates and protects the metal surface. Such
combinations act in concert to provide dramatic
improvements in protection. Combinations of
NACORR with Borates, Metaborates, Modified
Silicates, Phosphates, Phosphites and Molybdates
have been shown to be particularly effective.
Sulfonate
Solvent
%
Active
NACORR
1151
Barium
Mineral Spirits
50
Best compatibility in solvent
based systems.
HAPS free as 1153
NACORR
1352
Calcium
2-Butoxyethanol
50
Excellent in waterborne applications.
Available in Mineral Spirits as
1351.
NACORR
1552
Zinc
2-Butoxyethanol
50
Excellent adhesion; catalytic in
amino systems. Excellent for
solvent based primers.
Available in Mineral Spirits as
1551.
NACORR
1652
Magnesium
2-Butoxyethanol
50
Hardest films in thermoset
coatings.
Available in Mineral Spirits as
1651.
NACORR
1754
Amine
2-Butoxyethanol
n-Butyl Alcohol
35
Excellent compatibility in water
based systems.
Effective in emulsions and
dispersions
NACORR
4426
Sodium
Complex
Polymer/Water
NA
Excellent in water based
emulsion systems
Effective on steel, galvanized
and aluminum.
NACORR
6401
Zinc
N/A
50
Free flowing powder for easy
incorporation.
Silica carrier. Especially
designed for powder coatings
NACORR
6402
Calcium
N/A
50
Free flowing powder for easy
incorporation.
Silica carrier. Especially designed for powder coatings.
PRODUCT
25
Attributes/Uses
Comments
UseLevels/Incorporation Methods
The table below demonstrates the synergy
achievable when NACORR 1651 is used with an
anticorrosive pigment in an aqueous acrylic primer.
(King Formulation CI-118)
Generally, addition levels of 1-3% based on total
weight of the paint are effective in enhancing
corrosion protection. Due to the polarity of the metal
sulfonate, highly pigmented systems or pigments
with high surface areas may require higher levels of
NACORR. This is due to the affinity of NACORR for
the pigment surface. If active pigments are reduced
or eliminated, they should be replaced with inert
pigments to maintain solid and critical pigment
volume concentrations.
Salt Spray Resistance (500 Hours)
Substrate: Bonderite® 1000 Iron Phosphated Cold Rolled Steel
Property
Control
Halox® SW-111
Halox® SW-111
& NACORR
1651
5
3
1
Total
Rust
2M
6F
Total
Rust
5 mm
1 mm
Appearance
(1 = Best, 5 = Worst)
Blister*
(ASTM D 714-87)
Creepage
(ASTM D 1654)
*Blister Rating: Scale 1-10, 10 = No Attack, F = Few Blisters, M = Medium Blisters
Cure: 7 Days, Room Temperature, Film Thickness: 23-26 microns
Halox SW-111 is a product of Halox Pigments
The following table shows the gloss and salt spray
performance of NACORR products versus a
competitive product based on a salt of modified
succinic acid in a water reducible alkyd. (King
Formulation CI-116)
Product
Gloss, 60°
Gloss, 20°
Salt Spray
500 Hours
Control
90.3
74.2
6D
NACORR 1151
88.8
70.3
8F
NACORR 1351
89.2
72.3
8F
NACORR 1552
90.6
78.0
8F
NACORR 1651
89.2
71.3
8F
Comp. A
87.2
76.7
6M
*Blister Rating: 1-10, 10 = No Attack, F = Few, M = Medium
Substrate: Bonderite® 1000, Cure: 7 Days, Room Temperature, Film Thickness: 0.8
+/- 0.1 mils
This formulation is indicative of the level of performance that can be achieved in the salt fog exposure
test using 3% (on total formulation weight)
NACORR 6401 in a hybrid polyester/epoxy powder
system. (King Formulation CI-302)
SYSTEM
INCORPORATION
METHOD
Solvent Based
Can be post added with mild
agitation or added to mill
base.
Water Reducible
With Water in Mill
Base
If possible, remove water from
the mill base and add it to the
letdown. Otherwise, post-add
under high agitation.
No Water in Mill Base
Add 0.5 - 1.0% to mill base by
premixing the Nacorr, solvent
and resin before pigment is
added. Add balance to
letdown prior to any water
addition.
Nacorr 1754
Can be post-added without
the addition of co-solvent or
neutralizing amine.
Emulsions, Colloids
and Dispersions
With No Co-solvents
Post-add under high agitation
during letdown prior to any
water addition.
With Co-solvents
Premix with coalescing solvent prior to addition. A typical
ratio of 1:1 is recommended.
Next add mixture under high
agitation prior to any water
addition.
With Co-Solvents and
Amines
Premix with coalescent and
amine. Add under high
agitation prior to any water.
A typical starting ratio for
premix: 50% Nacorr, 45%
coalescent and 5% amine by
weight.
500 Hours
Salt Fog Exposure
(ASTM B 117)
Iron Phosphated
Steel
Powder Coatings
Control
+ 3% NACORR 6401
26
Dry blend with the premix at
1% to 3% based on total
weight.
NACORR RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS
NACORR Performance
NACORR® Applications Chart
Application
Solvent Systems
Waterborne Systems
Automotive
1651, 1551
1352, 1153, 1652
Coil (PCM)
1552, 1754
1151, 1652
Electrocoat
1351,1754
General Industrial
NACORR RUST & CORROSION INHIBITORS
Powder
1152, 1351, 1552, 1651
1351, 1352, 1153, 1651, 1652
6401, 6402
Maintenance
1151, 1351, 1551
1153, 1352, 1652, 1754,
6401
Primers
1151, 1351, 1651
1153, 1351, 1352,
1652, 1653, 1745
6401, 6402
Arch. High Gloss
1151
NACORR Selection by Resin System
Resin System
NACORR Recommendation by Salt *
Barium
NACORR SERIES 1100 Series
Calcium
Zinc
1300 Series 1500 Series
Magnesium
1600 Series
Amine
1700 Series
Other
Water Based - Air Dry and 2K
Water Reducible Alkyd
1151
1351
Water Reducible Alkyd
(TOFA based)
Water Reducible Alkyd
(Chain stopped)
Acrylic Emulsion
1651
1352
1153
1151, 1153
Urethane
1351, 1352
1754
1551
1652
1551
1651, 1652
1352, 1353
Liquid Epoxy
1754
4426
1652, 1653
1352
1754
Water Reducible Epoxy Ester
1754
Water Based - Bake
Water Reducible Polyester
1151
Polyurethane Dispersion
1351
1551
1352
1552
1651
Solvent Based - Air Dry and 2 K
Urethane
1351, 1352
1651, 1652
Alkyd
1151
1351
1552
1651
Alkyd (Chain stopped)
1151
1351, 1352
1552
1651, 1652
Polyester
1351
1551
Acrylic
1351
Solvent Based - Bake
1754
Powder
Epoxy Polyester
6401
Polyester Urethane
6402
* General recommendations, all products should be tested for specific formulations/applications.
27
K-SPERSE® Dispersants
K-SPERSE additives are highly effective dispersing
agents for organic and inorganic pigments used in
the formulation of non-aqueous and solvent-free
coatings and inks. They can be categorized into
three distinct groups:
Developed specifically for powder systems,
K-SPERSE powder additives offer similar
advantages to their liquid counterparts plus :
K-SPERSE liquid products - 131, 132, 152, 152/MS
K-SPERSE powder additives - 6501, 6502
K-SPERSE polymeric dispersants - A503 and A504
•
K-SPERSE liquid products are utilized in a broad
range of resins including acrylics, alkyds, bitumen,
epoxies, polyesters, and polyurethanes. They are
particularly effective for carbon black, phthalo blue
and iron oxide pigments. Typical advantages are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Improved hiding power at lower film
thicknesses
Improved dispersion of fillers allowing faster
production through extruders
Ability to withstand high processing
temperatures
Ability to be used in rubber and plastic
masterbatching
The new polymeric products have
advantages and have been designed to:
Higher pigment loading
Faster dispersion time at lower use levels
Better color development and gloss
Greater transparency of transparent
pigments
Improved humidity and corrosion resistance
Improved cure response
•
•
•
similar
Allow 100% solids formulations
Lower pigment paste viscosity with higher
pigment loading
Eliminate need for synergist
Have no interference in free radical
UV systems
Little or no effect on the cure of amino
resins or isocyanates
%
Active
lbs./gal.
Attributes/Uses
Polymeric Dispersant
Butyl Acetate
40
7.9
Polymeric dispersant for use in solvent based coatings, inks
and pigment concentrates.
K-SPERSE
A504
Polymeric
Dispersant
100
8.5
For use in 100% solids formulations including coatings,
inks, pigment concentrates and plastics.
K-SPERSE
131
Calcium Sulfonate
Mineral Spirits
50
7.7
K-SPERSE
132
Calcium Sulfonate
2-Butoxyethanol*
50
8.3
K-SPERSE
152
Zinc Sulfonate
2-Butoxyethanol
50
8.3
K-SPERSE
152/MS
Zinc Sulfonate
Mineral Spirits
50
7.9
K-SPERSE
6501
Zinc Sulfonate
Precipitated Silica
55
N/A
K-SPERSE
6502
Calcium Sulfonate
Precipitated Silica
55
N/A
PRODUCT
Composition
K-SPERSE
A503
Low optimum use level 0.2 - 7.0% based on total weight of
pigment. Particularly effective in air dry alkyds and epoxies.
Promotes faster dispersion time and better color
development particularly for inks.
Can be used at 1/3 to 1/2 the level of typical commercial
dispersants.
Especially effective in inks.
Free flowing powder developed specifically for powder
systems.
Free flowing powder developed specifically for powder
systems.
* Also available in HAPS free solvent, propylene glycol normal propyl ether, and PAO - Polyalphaolefin, NA = Not applicable
28
K-SPERSE DISPERSANTS
•
•
•
K-SPERSE Performance
Use Levels & Incorporation
High Efficiency - Liquid Products
Liquid Products
Typically K-SPERSE dispersants are effective at
50-75% lower loading than other dispersants. For
example, K-SPERSE 152 was evaluated versus a
hyperdispersant referred to as dispersant A, a
polymeric dispersant designated B (30% active) and
an amphoteric product referred to as C (95% active)
in a high solids acrylic melamine system using high
color carbon black.
The two tables below can be used to help determine
the recommended level of K-SPERSE. An
excessive amount can adversely affect performance, therefore it is recommended to run a ladder
study to optimize your formulation.
K-SPERSE DISPERSANTS
Dispersant
Weight %
On Pigment*
Yellowness
Index**
K-SPERSE
152
7.3
- 65
Dispersant A
64.7
- 43
Dispersant B
100
-28
Dispersant C
88
3
Pigment Type
K-SPERSE 152 LEVEL
Weight % On Total Pigment
Wt.
Phthalo Blue
3-4
Transparent Iron
Oxide
4.5 - 5.5
Iron Oxides
* Weight % on pigment per manufacturer’s recommended level for 560
m2/g carbon black, ** Yellowness Index - lower #, the better the
performance
Polymeric Dispersants
Enhanced Cure Response
1-2
Titanium Dioxides
0.5 - 0.7
Tint Base
0.5 - 0.7
Carbon Black
3-7
Polymeric Dispersants
An added benefit to the use of a K-SPERSE
polymeric dispersant is the positive effect on cure in
melamine baked systems. For example, 3.2% of
active dispersant was added on total resin solids
and the panels were cured for 15 minutes at 138°C.
As shown below, A503 consistently out performed
three common competitive products.
These products should be mixed in the mill base
prior to any pigment addition. Recommended use
levels for a number of popular pigments are shown
in the chart below.
Millbase Formulation
Pigment
(Color Index Name)
% Pigment
% K-SPERSE
A503
(as supplied)
High Color Carbon Black
(PBK7)
15
30
160
Medium Color Carbon
Black (PBK7)
30
17.2
110
140
79
3.7
Dispersant A
25
35
Titanium Dioxide
(DW6)
Dispersant B
63
40
Quinacridone Red
(PV19)
32
16
Dispersant C
11
35
Bismuth Vanadate Yellow
(PY184)
70
3.5
Chromium Oxide Green
(PG17)
70
3
Phthalocyanine Blue
(PB15:4)
40
16
Yellow Iron Oxide
(PY42)
70
2.6
Dispersant
Pendulum
Hardness
MEK Rubs
(2X)
Control
(No Dispersant)
134
K-SPERSE A503
Cold Storage Stability
Additionally, as shown below, A503 offers excellent
cold storage stability of color concentrates.
Carbon Black
Pigment
K-SPERSE
A503
Dispersant A
Hegman 8
2 Weeks @2° C 4 Weeks @ 2° C
Pass
Fail, seeding
Pass
Fail, seeding
29
Powder Products
K-SPERSE 6501 and 6502 should be added at the
pre-mix stage of production. Typical use levels
range from 1 to 10% as supplied on total pigment
weight.
DISPARLON® Additives
for Surface Control and Thixotropy
Introduction
Additive
Type/Function
Aqueous
Systems
Disparlon additives are manufactured by Kusumoto
Chemicals Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan. Through a
technology partnership spanning over two decades,
King Industries, Inc. serves as exclusive sales,
technical service and marketing arm in North
America.
High Solids and
Solvent Systems
Powder
Systems
UV
Systems
Thixotropes
Polyamide Thixotropes
(Heat or hydrogen bonding
required to activate)
AQ-600,AQ-607,
AQ-610, AQ-630,
AQ-870
Polyamide Thixotropes
(Preactivated - No heat
required)
Pigment Dependent
Thixotropes
6100, 6200, 6500, 6600,
6650, 6700
6100, 6200
A603-20X, A650-20X, A67020M, A671-EZ, 6900-20X,
F-9030
6900-20X
4200-10, 4200-20,
NS-30, F-9050
Surface Control Additives
Anti-flood and Anti-float
Additives
KS-273N
KS-281
Dispersants
KS-873N,
7004
Defoamers
1950, 1970, OX-60, OX-70,
OX-880, OX-881
Anti-popping Agents
AQ-501
LAP-10, LAP-20,
LAP-30
Leveling Agents
AQ-200
L-1980N, L-1982N, L-1983N,
L-1984N, LCN-400,
L-1985-50
Leveling/Anti-cratering
Additives
UVX-188, UVX-189,
UVX-190
PL-525,
PL- 540,
PL-545
LHP-90, LHP-91,
LHP-95, LHP-96
DISPARLON® is a registered trademark of Kusumoto Chemicals Ltd. of Tokyo, Japan.
30
UVX-35, UVX-36,
UVX-39
UVX-270, UVX-271,
UVX-272
DISPARLON ADDITIVES
The Disparlon trade name is applied to a series of
functional additives used in paint, ink, adhesive and
sealant markets worldwide. Major product types
include, thixotropes, defoamers and surface control
agents. Originally designed for solvent systems, the
Disparlon line has expanded in recent years to
include high performance additives used in
aqueous, powder and uv systems.
DISPARLON® Thixotropes
Introduction
Disparlon thixotropes offer today’s formulators a
wide choice of unique products for conventional,
high solids and aqueous coatings, as well as
specialty additives for inks, adhesives, gel-coats,
sealants and caulks. Their primary advantages over
other types of thixotropes (organo-clay, castor wax
or fumed silica) are:
•
•
•
•
•
DISPARLON ADDITIVES
•
Superior Shear Thinning
Non-seeding
Maximum ant-sagging/ant-settling
Excellent stability on aging
Superior performance in high gloss systems
Can be used in clear systems
Disparlon anti-sag and anti-settling agents can be
characterized into two functional types:
NON-PIGMENT DEPENDENT - These types of
thixotropes, which include polyamide waxes,
function by forming a three dimensional network
when the wax particles are swollen by heat and
solvent. Since these thixotropes are non-associative
by nature, they do not require the presence of
pigments or fillers to function. Given their small
particle size, they can be used in gloss clearcoats to
prevent sag and in low gloss clears to prevent
settling.
PIGMENT DEPENDENT - These materials are
dependent on the type and level of pigment in the
formulation, since they adsorb onto pigment
surfaces to provide thickening efficiency.
Also included in the pigment dependent type are
polyamide waxes that are coated with pigment
dependent polyethylene waxes.
Types Of Thixotropes
PIGMENT DEPENDENT TYPE
NON-PIGMENT DEPENDENT TYPE
PIGMENT DEPENDENT TYPE
Magnification of Disparlon 6900-20X
under an electron microscope, illustrative
of particle swelling types of thixotropes.
Magnification of Disparlon 4200-10 under an
electron microscope showing particles with
very weak network but will absorb on the
Magnification of Disparlon NS-30 under
an electron microscope showing
polyamide coated with oxidized polyolefin
Disparlon Powder Polyamide Thixotropes
Powder thixotropes (100% active) require heat or
hydrogen bonding to activate. By heating these
thixotropes to the appropriate temperature in the
formulation with good agitation, the polyamide
will swell and disperse (activate), and provide
PRODUCT
efficient thickening. Hydrogen bonding from
materials such as amine functional and hydroxyl
functional solvents and resins will help lower the
temperature at activation. Products are available for
coatings, sealants and adhesives.
Composition
Volatile
Solids %
Form
Additive Level
By Total Weight
DISPARLON
6100
Polyamide
_
100%
Powder
0.5 - 3.0%
Sag/Slump control. Lowest activation
temperature. Designed specifically for
adhesives and sealants.
DISPARLON
6200
Polyamide
_
100%
Powder
0.5 - 3.0%
Sag/Slump control. Low activation
temperature. Designed specifically for
adhesives and sealants.
DISPARLON
6500
Polyamide
_
100%
Powder
0.5 - 2.0%
Sag control. Most versatile. General
purpose coatings and sealants.
31
Attributes/Uses
Disparlon Powder Polyamide Thixotropes
PRODUCT
Composition
Volatile
Solids %
Form
Additive Level
By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON
6600
Polyamide
_
100%
Powder
0.5 - 2.0%
Sag control with improved recoatability for
coatings, such as epoxies.
DISPARLON
6650
Polyamide
_
100%
Powder
0.5 - 2.0%
Cost effective sag control with improved
recoatability for coatings, such as
epoxies.
DISPARLON
6700
Polyamide
-
100%
Powder
0.5 - 2.0%
Sag control in heavy-duty paints. Particularly effective in 100% solids epoxies and
epoxy coatings containing polar solvents.
Additive Type:
A: Blank
B: EVA Copolymer Wax
(10% Xylene)
C: DISPARLON 4200-10
D: DISPARLON 6900-20X
E: DISPARLON 6900-20X/4200-10
F: Organo Clay (1)
G: Organo Clay (2)
H: Organo Clay (3)
I: Fumed Silica
Performance Comparison
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Formulation:
Acrylic melamine metallic base coat. 2 weeks
after adjusting viscosity to 15 sec., #4 FORD
Cup
I
The preactivated polyamide thixotropes are ready to
use. They do not require heat for activation, and
can be added directly to the formulation. These
materials can be used in clear as well as pigmented
systems, and offer good anti-sag and anti-settling
properties. The preactivated polyamides are most
commonly used in coatings such as automotive
clear coats, architectural stains, and epoxy
maintenance coatings. They can also be used to
orient metallic pigments in automotive coatings, and
flattening pigments in oil modified urethanes.
PRODUCT
Composition
Volatile
Solids %
Form
Additive Level
By Total Weight
DISPARLON
A603-20X
Pre-activated
Polyamide Wax
Xylene
20%
Paste
0.5 - 5.0%
Moisture cure urethane systems
DISPARLON
A650-20X
Pre-activated
Polyamide Wax
Xylene
Alcohols
20%
Paste
0.5 - 5.0%
Primers and industrial maintenance
coatings. Best efficiency in thick films.
DISPARLON
A670-20M
Pre-activated
Polyamide Wax
Mineral
Spirits
Alcohols
20%
Paste
0.5 - 5.0%
DIY and industrial stains for good antisettling of pigments. DIY varnishes for
suspension and spacing of flattening
pigments.
DISAPRLON
A671-EZ
Pre-activated
Polyamide Wax
Mineral
Spirits
Alcohol
10%
Paste
0.5 - 5.0%
Easier to use version of A670-20M
DISPARLON
6900-20X*
Pre-activated
Polyamide Wax
Xylene
Alcohols
20%
Paste
0.5 - 1.5% anti-settling
1.0 - 5.0% anti-sagging
Best gloss in thin films and clears or with
metallic and pearlescent pigments.
Automotive basecoats
DISPARLON
F-9030
Pre-activated
Polyamide Wax
Benzyl
Alcohols
30%
Paste
0.4-4.0%
100% solids epoxy systems and epoxy
floor paints.
*Available HAPS-free as DISPARLON PFA 231
32
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON ADDITIVES
Disparlon Preactivated Polyamide Thixotropes
Disparlon Thixotropes for Aqueous Systems
The DISPARLON AQ Series of anti-settling and
pigment orientation agents are recommended for
use in waterborne coatings, inks, varnishes and
stains. They are extremely shear thinning which
allows for easy application by spray, dip, brush or
Excellent Anti-Settling
Excellent Pigment Orientation
Blank
DISPARLON ADDITIVES
Blank
roller, while maintaining excellent anti-settling in the
container. The AQ Series is designed to suspend
dense materials such as metallic, pearlescent and
iron oxide pigments, while maintaining low “in can”
viscosity.
Excellent Sag Control
15 µ
24 µ
35 µ
43 µ
55
2% AQ-600
Blank
2% AQ-600
PRODUCT
Composition
DISPARLON
AQ-600
Polyamide
DISPARLON
AQ-870
Polyamide
DISPARLON
AQ-607
Polyamide
DISPARLON
AQ-610
Polyamide
DISPARLON
AQ-630
Polyamide
With 3% AQ-600
Volatile
Solids %
Form
Water
20%
Gel
0.5 - 3.0%
Water reducible systems.
15%
Viscous
Liquid
0.5 - 3.0%
Water reducible systems.
Liquid version of AQ-600.
17%
Gel
0.5 - 3.0%
Dispersions and emulsions.
Best compatibility.
17%
Gel
0.5 - 3.0%
Dispersions and emulsions.
18%
Gel
0.5 - 3.0%
Dispersions and emulsions. Improved
heat age stability.
7% Propylene Glycol
Mono Methyl Ether
Water
8% 2-ethylhexanol
N, N, dimethylethanolamine
Water
5% Propylene Glycol
Mono Butyl Ether
Water
4% Propylene Glycol
Mono Butyl Ether
Water
6% Propylene Glycol
Mono Butyl Ether
Additive Level
By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
Disparlon Pigment Dependent Thixotropes
This type of thixotrope imparts rheology by setting
up a network structure with pigments, fillers, and
even particle swelling thixotropes. These thixotropes
PRODUCT
are designed for pigmented systems only and help
control flood/float, prevent settling and provide good
sag resistance properties.
Composition
Volatile
Solids %
Form
DISPARLON
4200-10
Oxidized
Polyethylene
Xylene
10%
Liquid
1.0 - 5.0%
All non-aqueous pigmented systems.
Anti Settling Agent. Complies with FDA 21CFR
Section 175.300 (b) (3) xiii (a) & (b)
DISPARLON
4200-20
Oxidized
Polyethylene
Xylene
20%
Paste
0.3 - 1.0%
All non-aqueous pigmented systems AntiSettling Agent. Complies with FDA 21 CFR
Section 175.300 (b) (3) xiii (a) & (b)
DISPARLON
NS-30
Oxidized
Polyethylene
with Polyamide
Xylene
15%
Paste
1.0 - 5.0%
For polyamide side of 2K epoxy maintenance
coatings. Not recommended for high gloss
coatings. Anti-sag & settle.
DISPARLON
F-9050
Oxidized
Polyethylene
with Polyamide
Low
Volatility
Diluent
20%
Paste
1.0 - 5.0%
For polyamide side of 100% solids epoxy
maintenance coatings. Anti-sag and antisettling agent.
33
Additive Level
By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
Disparlon Thixotropes - Incorporation
Incorporation Method
Polyamide Powder
Activation Temperatures
6100: 30 - 60°C
6200: 40 - 70°C
6500: 60 - 100°C
6600 & 6650: 60 - 100°C
6700: 60 - 100˚C
The polyamide powder thixotropes need to be activated (swelled and dispersed) in the system. Add
the powder to the pigment grind portion of the formulation. While grinding the pigments, allow the
temperature of the grind to rise to the temperatures shown to the left. Once at the “activation
temperature” continue to grind for 15 minutes to get full activation of the polyamide. Please note,
these materials will activate at lower temperatures than shown in the chart when in the presence of
alcohols or amines, due to increased hydrogen bonding. After activating the polyamide, it is
generally best to mix slowly during the first 20ºC of cool down. The slow mixing during cool down
will give the system the most uniform and reproducible rheology.
Preactivated
Polyamide
The preactivated pastes are best added to the end of the grind and dispersed with good agitation
before the letdown step. Additionally, 6900-20X, A650-20X, A670-20M can be incorporated using a
method known as master batching. This method involves pre-dispersing the paste in a resin/solvent
(4 parts resin/1 part solvent/1 part Disparlon) medium. This allows for easier incorporation into
systems that either don’t have a pigment grind, or can not be mixed with adequate agitation. Please
refer to individual technical data sheets for more information.
Thixotropes
for Waterborne
Systems
These anti-settling agents can be incorporated into the system in the following ways:
• Direct addition to the batch with high shear (2000 rpm, 20 minutes).
Pigment
Dependent
For best results these thixotropes should be added to the grind portion of the formulation.
Disparlon 4200-10 can be post added.
•
Mix the AQ with water (4 parts water/1 part AQ), at 2000 rpm for 20 minutes, and add to the
batch. For best results water should be preneutralized before adding AQ and care should be
taken to mix without incorporating air.
FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
On Thixotrope Selection
Given the wide variety of DISPARLON
thixotropes available, choosing the right type
of product for your system is a necessary first
step. Answering the questions below, will help
you first decide which thixotrope type is the
best for you and then specific products can be
chosen from the corresponding product charts
that follow.
•
Can you generate heat in your system to
activate the thixotrope?
If yes, try the Disparlon powder thixotropes for
maximum efficiency in solventborne and
solventless systems.
•
Would you prefer a preactivated
thixotrope, that is ready to use and is
supplied in solvent?
If yes, try the Disparlon preactivated pastes for
a ready to use thixotrope for solventborne
systems.
•
Is pigment present in your system?
If yes, try the Disparlon pigment dependent
type for best efficiency in highly pigmented
systems.
•
Do you have a waterborne system that
needs an antisettling thixotrope?
If yes, try the Disparlon AQ series of products.
34
DISPARLON ADDITIVES
Thixotrope Type
Disparlon Defoamers and Anti-popping Agents
Disparlon polyacrylate defoaming additives are
available for solvent based, aqueous and UV
systems. They offer excellent defoaming performance
and recoatability.
Solvent Systems - Specialty polyacrylate and vinyl
polymers are designed to perform in solvent based
coatings offering:
•
•
•
Eliminate popping
Provide good flow and leveling
Aqueous Systems - Disparlon AQ-501 is specifically designed to provide the same benefits in water
reducible and emulsion systems.
A comparison of defoaming and compatibility
properties from highest to lowest is as follows:
UV Systems - The UVX Series of defoamers are
extremely persistent while maintaining excellent
clarity.
Defoaming
OX-70>OX-60>OX-881>OX-880>1950>1970
DISPARLON ADDITIVES
Disparlon LAP anti-popping agents for high solids
baked coatings are particularly effective in systems
with high surface tension and where methylated
melamines are typically used. They can:
•
•
Effective air release
Improved leveling
Excellent recoatability
PRODUCT
Compatibility
1970>1950>OX-881>OX-880>OX-60>OX-70
Composition
Volatile
Solids%
Form
Additive Level
By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON
1950
Vinyl Polymer
Mineral
Spirits
20%
Liquid
0.1 - 0.8%
Long oil alkyds for architectural
coatings.
DISPARLON
1970
Acrylic Polymer
Xylene
Mineral Spirits
40%
Liquid
0.2 - 1.5%
Baking enamels: automotive, coil.
DISPARLON
OX-60
Acrylic Polymer
Xylene
50%
Liquid
0.2 - 0.8%
Urethane coatings.
DISPARLON
OX-70
Acrylic Polymer
Toluene
Mineral Spirits
30%
Liquid
0.2 - 0.8%
Epoxy coatings.
DISPARLON
OX-881
Acrylic Polymer
Xylene/
Naphtha
30%
Liquid
0.2 - 1.0%
High solids melamine and urethane
systems. Best in clear coats.
DISPARLON
OX-880
Acrylic Polymer
Toluene
30%
Liquid
0.2 - 1.0%
High solids melamine and urethane
systems.
DEFOAMERS
ANTI-POPPING AGENTS
DISPARLON
LAP-10
Acrylic Polymer
Naphtha
n-Butyl Acetate
20%
Liquid
0.3-2.0%
All high solids baking systems.
Select based on coating polarity.
Low polarity coatings.
DISPARLON
LAP-20
Acrylic Polymer
n-Butyl Acetate
20%
Liquid
0.3 - 2.0%
All high solids baking systems.
Select based on coating polarity.
Intermediate polarity coatings.
DISPARLON
LAP-30
Acrylic Polymer
n-Butyl Acetate
20%
Liquid
0.3 - 2.0%
All high solids baking systems.
Select based on coating polarity.
High polarity coatings.
DISPARLON
AQ-501
Vinyl Polymer
Surfactants
Petroleum
Naphtha
85%
Liquid
0.3 - 1.0%
Anti-pop agent for water reducible
and emulsion bake systems. Metallic
base and top coats.
35
Disparlon Defoamers for UV Systems
The Disparlon UVX Series of defoamers offer UV
formulators:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Defoaming In wet urethane acrylate clearcoat
Onset
(0 Minutes)
Excellent compatibility
Persistency
No reduction in gloss, clarity
No defects even in thin films
No UV light absorption
Non-silicone, non-mineral oil
Control
UVX-189
Comp. B
Elapsed
Time
(90 Minutes)
PRODUCT
Composition
Volatile
Solids%
Form
Additive Level
By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON
UVX-188
Vinyl Polymer
_
100%
Liquid
0.5 - 1.0%
For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic
based UV systems.
DISPARLON
UVX-189
Vinyl Polymer
_
100%
Liquid
0.5 - 1.0%
For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic
based UV systems.
DISPARLON
UVX-190
Vinyl Polymer
_
100%
Liquid
0.5 - 1.0%
For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic
based UV systems.
Disparlon Dispersants & Anti-flood/Anti-float Additives
The Disparlon dispersing agents are formulated for
effectiveness depending upon the pigment type and
the system’s polarity, to:
• Improve color strength and gloss
• Prevent flocculation
• Reduce grinding time
• Reduce-eliminate flood & float problems
PRODUCT
Composition
While all products are well suited in eliminating
floating problems, each has specific strengths in
terms of other characteristics such as the prevention
of flooding and Bernard cell formation, as well as
imparting superior pigment wetting and stabilization
of the pigment dispersion. Dispersants should be
added to the vehicle before pigment addition;
KS-273N and KS-281 can be post added.
Volatile
Solids %
Form
Additive Level
By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
ANTI-FLOOD & ANTI-FLOAT
DISPARLON
KS-273N
Amine Salt of Polyester
with Acrylic Polymer
Xylene
45%
Liquid
0.2 - 1.0%
Low polarity systems.
DISPARLON
KS-281
Amine Salt of
Polyester with Acrylic
Polymer
Xylene
45%
Liquid
0.1 - 1.0%
High polarity systems.
DISPARLON
KS-873N
Anionic Surfactant
Xylene
45%
Liquid
0.2 - 1.0%
Mixed organic and inorganic
pigments. Prevents
flocculation.
DISPARLON
7004
Amine Salt of
Polyether Ester
Xylene
50%
Liquid
0.2 - 1.0%
Especially effective with carbon
black and phthalo blue.
DISPERSANTS
36
DISPARLON ADDITIVES
DEFOAMERS FOR UV
Disparlon Leveling and Anti-cratering Agents
Disparlon leveling additives are categorized into five
distinct series:
L-Series: Solvent-based systems
PL-Series: Powder systems
AQ-Series: Aqueous systems
LHP-Series: Anti-cratering (solvent-based)
UVX Series: UV systems
All products offer:
• Superior flow and leveling
• Good recoatability
DISPARLON L Series: Solvent Based Systems
The L-Series products are designed to respond to
the system’s polarity. As the polarity of the Disparlon increases, so does its effectiveness in the
system as shown ranked high to low polarity:
DISPARLON ADDITIVES
PRODUCT
Composition
Volatile
Solids %
Form
Effect of Polarity
Polarity: L-1985-50>1980>1984>LCN-400>1982>1983
High
Low
Additive Level
By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
Leveling Agents for Solvent-based Systems
DISPARLON
L-1980
Acrylic Polymer
DISPARLON
L-1982
Acrylic Polymer
DISPARLON
L-1983
Acrylic Polymer
DISPARLON
L-1984
_
100%
Liquid
0.1 - 0.5%
Polyesters, can, coil.
Complies with FDA 21 CFR*
100%
Liquid
0.1 - 0.5%
Epoxy phenolic can coatings.
_
100%
Liquid
0.1 - 0.5%
Epoxy coatings.
Complies FDA 21 CFR*
Acrylic Polymer
_
100%
Liquid
0.1 - 0.5%
Most versatile. Acrylic and polyester
based coatings. Automotive coatings.
Complies FDA 21 CFR*
DISPARLON
LCN-400
Acrylic Polymer
n-butyl
acetate
50%
Liquid
0.1 - 1.0%
General purpose, cost effective, easy to
use.
DISPARLON
L-1985-50
Acrylic Polymer
Toluene
50%
Liquid
0.1 - 1.0%
Coatings containing very polar solvents
such as, ethanol, methanol, or acetone.
-
DISPARLON LHP Series: Anti-cratering Solvent Based Systems
The LHP anti-cratering agents are effective in eliminating dewetting caused by surface contaminants.
Anticratering Agents
DISPARLON
LHP-90
Vinyl Polymer
Naphtha
Ethyl acetate
N-Butyl alcohol
50%
Liquid
2.0%
Excellent substrate wetting and leveling.
Silicone free.
DISPARLON
LHP-91
Vinyl Polymer
Silicone Modified
Naphtha
Ethyl acetate
N-Butyl alcohol
50%
Liquid
2.0%
Silicone modified polyacrylate.Best
substrate wetting for automotive
urethanes based on polyesters, acrylics.
DISPARLON
LHP-95
Acrylic Polymer
Naphtha
50%
Liquid
2.0%
Excellent wetting and leveling. Silicone
free.
DISPARLON
LHP-96
Acrylic Polymer
Silicone Modified
Naphtha
50%
Liquid
2.0%
Silicone modified polyacrylate. Best
substrate wetting for automotive
urethane clearcoats. FDA 21 CFR*
DISPARLON AQ Series: Aqueous Systems
Leveling Agents for Aqueous Systems
DISPARLON
AQ-200
Acrylic Polymer
2-Butoxyethanol
20%
Liquid
37
0.2 - 1.0%
Leveling agent for water reducible and
emulsion baking systems.
* FDA 21 CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xiii (a) & (b)
Disparlon Leveling Additives - PL & UVX Series
DISPARLON PL Series: Powder Systems
PRODUCT
Composition
Solids
%Form
Additive Level
By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
DISPARLON
PL-525
Vinyl Polymer
Castor Oil Derivative
100%
Powder
0.5 - 3.0%
Good flow and leveling.
Complies FDA 21 CFR*
DISPARLON
PL-540
Vinyl Polymer
Castor Oil Derivative
100%
Powder
0.5 - 3.0%
Excellent non-yellowing properties for
white and low color systems.
DISPARLON
PL-545
Vinyl Polymer
Castor Oil Derivative
100%
Powder
0.5 - 3.0%
Best for clear coats.
Complies FDA 21 CFR*
DISPARLON UVX Series: Wetting & Leveling UV Systems
Performance Summary
The UVX additives in highly polar UV systems impart
excellent wetting and leveling properties without surface
defects. They are cost effective compared to other agents
such as fluorine surfactants. The table to the right compares the UVX Series products based on properties desired while the photos below demonstrate the wetting performance compared to a competitive acrylic silicone agent.
Urethane Acrylate Clearcoat - 50µ on Polypropylene Film
BLANK
PRODUCT
UVX-270
Composition
PRODUCT
Wetting
Leveling
Transparency
UVX-35
NR
Good
Good
UVX-36
NR
Good
Excellent
UVX-39
NR
Excellent
Excellent
UVX-270
Good
NR
Good
UVX-271
Excellent NR
Good
UVX-272
Excellent NR
Good
Acrylic Silicone
Volatile
Solids %
Form
Additive Level
By Total Weight
Attributes/Uses
Vinyl Polymer Leveling Agents for UV
DISPARLON
UVX-35
Vinyl Polymer
DISPARLON
UVX-36
Vinyl Polymer
DISPARLON
UVX-39
Vinyl Polymer
_
_
_
100%
Liquid
0.5 - 1.0%
For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic
UV systems.
100%
Liquid
0.5 - 1.0%
For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic
UV systems.
100%
Liquid
0.5 - 1.0%
For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic
UV systems.
DISPARLON ADDITIVES
* FDA 21 CFR Section 175.300 (b) (3) xiii (a) & (b)
DISPARLON
UVX-270
Acrylic Silicone
Polymer
_
100%
Liquid
0.5 - 1.0%
For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic
UV systems.
DISPARLON
UVX-271
Acrylic Silicone
Polymer
_
100%
Liquid
0.5 - 1.0%
For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic
UV systems.
DISPARLON
UVX-272
Acrylic Silicone
Polymer
_
1000%
Liquid
0.5 - 1.0%
For use in cationic epoxy and acrylic
UV systems.
WARRANTY OF INFORMATION
The conditions of your use and application of our products, technical assistance and information (whether verbal, written or by way of product evaluations),
including any suggested formulations and recommendations, are beyond our control. Therefore, it is imperative that you test our products, technical
assistance and information to determine to your own satisfaction whether they are suitable for your intended uses and applications. Such testing has not
necessarily been done by King Industries, Inc. (“King”). The facts, recommendations and suggestions herein stated are believed to be reliable; however, no
guaranty or warranty of their accuracy is made. EXCEPT AS STATED, THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS OR OTHERWISE. KING SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES. Any
statement inconsistent herewith is not authorized and shall not bind King. Nothing herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product(s) in
conflict with patents covering any material or its use. No license is implied or granted under the claims of any patent. Sales or use of all products are
pursuant to Standard Terms and Conditions stated in King sales documents.
38
CGB102006-US
WARRANTY OF
INFORMATION
Acrylic Silicone Polymer Wetting Agents for UV