Rock Vocabulary Igneous rock- rock that forms when melted, or molten, rock forms deep below Earth’s surface cools and hardens. Metamorphic rock- rock that forms when existing rocks are changed by extreme heat and pressure Rock- a solid material made up of one or more minerals Sediment- sand, particles of rock, bits of soil, and remains of once-living things Sedimentary Rock- rock that forms when sand, particles of rock, bits of soil, and remains of living things are pressed together and harden