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©2014 MLB Advanced Media, LP. All rights reserved.
©2014 MLB Advanced Media, LP. All rights reserved.
©2014 MLB Advanced Media, LP. All rights reserved.
2014/12/5 Pitch Smart | MLB.com
(/PITCHSMART/PITCHING-
GUIDELINES/)
RISK FACTORS (/PITCHSMART/RISK-
FACTORS/)
TOMMY JOHN SURGERY FAQ
(/PITCHSMART/TOMMY-JOHN-
FAQ/)
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
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COMMITTEE/)
RESOURCES
(/PITCHSMART/RESOURCES/)
Videos In the News Research
RESEARCH
Is Tommy John Surgery Performed More Frequently in Major
League Baseball Pitchers From Warm Weather Areas?
http://m.mlb.com/pitchsmart/resources/#research 1/8
2014/12/5 Pitch Smart | MLB.com
(http://ojs.sagepub.com/content/2/10/2325967114553916.full)
American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine; Oct. 2014
Baseball Pitching Biomechanics in Relation to Injury Risk and
Performance
(http://sph.sagepub.com/content/1/4/314.short)
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach; July/Aug. 2009
Public Perceptions of Tommy John Surgery
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22759607)
Phys Sportsmed; May 2012
Functional Outcomes Following Revision Ulnar Collateral
Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Baseball Pitchers
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23590886)
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery; May 2013
Baseball Players Diagnosed with Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Tears Demonstrate Decreased Balance Compared to Healthy
Controls
(http://www.jospt.org/doi/abs/10.2519/jospt.2013.4680#.VDVN1BY0VVk)
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy; 2013
Operative Management of Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Insufficiency in Adolescent Athletes
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/42/1/117.abstract)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; Jan. 2014
Rate of Return to Pitching and Performance After Tommy
John Surgery in Major League Baseball Pitchers http://m.mlb.com/pitchsmart/resources/#research 2/8
2014/12/5 Pitch Smart | MLB.com
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/42/3/536.abstract)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; March 2014
Analysis of Pitching Velocity in Major League Baseball Players
Before and After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/02/03/0363546513519072.abstract)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; April 2014
Performance, Return to Competition, and Reinjury After
Tommy John Surgery in Major League Baseball Pitchers: A
Review of 147 Cases
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24705898)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; April 2014
Muscle Strength and Range of Motion in Adolescent Pitchers with Throwing-Related Pain: Implications for Injury
Prevention
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596197)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; Nov. 2008
Variability in Baseball Pitching Biomechanics Among Various
Levels of Competition
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19391491)
Sports Biomechanics; March 2009
The Effect of Pitching Biomechanics on the Upper Extremity in Youth and Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19633301)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; Aug. 2009 http://m.mlb.com/pitchsmart/resources/#research 3/8
2014/12/5 Pitch Smart | MLB.com
Treatment of Partial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears in the
Elbow with Platelet-Rich Plasma
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/41/7/1689.abstract)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; July 2013
Scapular Dysfunction in High School Baseball Play Sustaining
Throwing-Related Upper Extremity Injury: A Prospective
Study
(http://www.udel.edu/PT/PT%20Clinical%20Services/journalclub/sojc/13-
14/May/Myers2013-
Scapular%20Dysfunction%20in%20HS%20Baseball%20Players%20Sustaining%20Throwing%20Injuries.pdf)
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Sept. 2013
A Biomechanical Comparison of Pitching from a Mound
Versus Flat Ground in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
(http://sph.sagepub.com/content/5/6/530.abstract)
Sports Health; Nov. 2013
Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High School
Baseball Pitchers: The Role of Preseason Strength and Range of Motion
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/06/03/0363546514535070.abstract)
American Journal of Sports Medicine; June 3, 2014
Improvements in Shoulder Endurance Following a Baseball-
Specific Strengthening Program in High School Baseball
Players (http://sph.sagepub.com/content/5/3/233.abstract)
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach; May/June 2013 http://m.mlb.com/pitchsmart/resources/#research 4/8
2014/12/5 Pitch Smart | MLB.com
Shoulder Range of Motion Deficits in Baseball Players With an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tear
(http://www.udel.edu/PT/PT%20Clinical%20Services/journalclub/sojc/13-
14/May/Garrison2012-
Shoulder%20ROM%20Deficits%20in%20Baseball%20Players%20with%20UCL%20Tear.pdf)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; Sept. 26, 2012
Biomechanical Comparison of the Interval Throwing Program and Baseball Pitching Upper Extremity Loads in Training and
Rehabilitation
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/42/5/1226.abstract)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; March 24, 2014
Risk-Prone Pitching Activities and Injuries in Youth Baseball:
Findings From a National Sample
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/03/13/0363546514524699.abstract)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; March 13, 2014
Correlation of Torque and Elbow Injury in Professional
Baseball Pitchers
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/38/7/1368.abstract)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; April 16, 2010
Pitch Velocity Is a Predictor of Medial Elbow Distraction
Forces in the Uninjured High School-Aged Baseball Pitcher
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3435942/)
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach; March 21, 2012
Elbow Injuries in Youth Baseball Players Without Prior Elbow http://m.mlb.com/pitchsmart/resources/#research 5/8
2014/12/5 Pitch Smart | MLB.com
Pain A 1-Year Prospective Study
(http://ojs.sagepub.com/content/1/5/2325967113509948.short)
Open Access Journal for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine; Oct. 29, 2013
Association of Maximum Pitch Velocity and Elbow Injury in
Professional Baseball Pitchers
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/38/4/728)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; Jan. 21, 2010
Risk of Serious Injury for Young Baseball Pitchers
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/2/253)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; May 9, 2011
Risk Factors for Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in Adolescent
Baseball Pitchers
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/34/6/905)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; 2006
Biomechanical Comparison of Baseball Pitching and Long-
Toss: Implications for Training and Rehabilitation
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212502)
Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy; May 2011
Long-term Outcomes After Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Reconstruction in Competitive Baseball Players: Minimum
10-Year Follow-up
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24705899)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; April 2014
Kinetic Comparison Among the Fastball, Curveball, Changehttp://m.mlb.com/pitchsmart/resources/#research 6/8
2014/12/5 Pitch Smart | MLB.com
up, and Slider in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/34/3/423.short)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine, March 2006
A Biomechanical Comparison of the Fastball and Curveball in
Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448049)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; May 15, 2009
Effect of Pitch Type, Pitch Count, and Pitching Mechanics on
Risk of Elbow and Shoulder Pain in Youth Baseball Pitchers
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/30/4/463.abstract)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine; 2002
The Learning Curve, Little League Seeks to Address Concerns,
Answer Questions about Curveballs and Overuse
(http://www.littleleague.org/Assets/forms_pubs/media/UNCStudy.pdf)
University of North Carolina Department of Exercise and Sports Science; 2011
Shoulder Range of Motion Measures as Risk Factors for
Shoulder and Elbow Injuries in High School Softball and
Baseball Players
(http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/39/9/1997)
The American Journal of Sports Medicine, Sept. 2011 http://m.mlb.com/pitchsmart/resources/#research 7/8
2014/12/5 Pitch Smart | MLB.com
(HTTPS://WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/PITCHSMART/) http://m.mlb.com/pitchsmart/resources/#research 8/8
