Material Analysis Laboratories
Capabilities and Applications
Material Analysis Laboratories Capabilities and Applications
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Met h o d
INSTRUMENTS
APPLI CATIONS
Two Perkin-Elmer AAnalyst 800 atomic absorp-tion
spectrometers with WinLab32 AA software. Both
the instruments offer automated atomizer exchange
to switch from flame to graphite furnace mode
and vice versa. The instruments are equipped with
high performance burner systems for flame and a
Transversely Heated Graphite Furnace (THGF) with
long Zeeman-effect background corrector.
Quantitative elemental analysis of alloys, ores,
WC, W, Mo, Co , cobalt hydroxide, metals, luminescent chemicals, raw materials, gold plating solutions, ceramics, industrial wastes, different types
of glass, R&D samples for different application,
and environmental samples. Quantitative determination of alkalis in a variety of materials.
LECO TC-436 oxygen/nitrogen, CS-600 carbon/
sulfur, and RC-412 multiphase carbon analyzers.
Residual oxygen/nitrogen determinations in metals,
carbides, and alloys. Trace carbon/sulfur in metals,
ceramics, and alloys. Free carbon in carbides.
Gas Chromatography
Agilent 3000 Micro GC. Agilent 6890/5973
GC-Mass Spectrometer, Agilent 3000A micro GC
with FID/TCD.
Atmospheric gases and qualitative and quantitative
analysis of organics.
Liquid Ion Chromatography
Dionex 2500/2100 Reagent Free IC and DX500
with auto-sampler.
Analysis of solutions for anions.
Classical Chemistry
Standard wet chemical and gravimetric laboratory
equipment and supplies including balances and
ovens, two Mettler automated titrators, pH meters,
and ion analyzers. Auto digesting and distilling
units. Automatic oil and grease analyzer.
Analysis of metal powders, chemicals, solid waste,
and wastewater. Assays, drying losses, and loss on
reduction. Refereeing instrumental analyses. Conductivity, pH, anion and ammonia determinations.
Oil & grease measurements.
Thermal Analysis
Two Mettler Model SDTA851 Thermo Gravimetric
Analyzers (TGA), Mettler moisture analysis balance,
Netzsch STA 409C TGA and Netzsch DIL 402C
Dilatometer.
Assays, drying losses, loss on reduction, loss on
ignition, thermal shrinkage and expansion and differential thermal analysis up to 1500˚C.
Nicolet Magna 760 FT-Raman/IR spectrometer
with Nic-Plan microscope, photo-acoustic, diffuse
reflectance and ATR capabilities.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of bulk and
surface of organics and inorganics, including
bonding and structural analysis. A spot as small as
10µ can be analyzed.
VG-9000 glow discharge mass spectrometer.
Survey analysis. Trace rare earth and W wire
analysis. Quantitative elemental analysis of APT, W
powder, and phosphors down to ppb.
Teledyne Leeman Prodicy DC-Arc Spectometer.
Thermo AtomComp 2000 High Resolution
spectrometer with CID detector. Thermo
AtomComp 2000 High Resolution Dual Slit
spectrometer with CID detector.
Qualitative survey analysis of inorganics and
metals. Quantitative multi-element trace analysis
of luminescent chemicals, tungsten, molybdenum
and cobalt.
Hitachi U-2810 UV/Vis spectrophotometer.
A variety of single element determinations in low
ranges; e.g., Fe, Ni, chloride, phosphate, nitrate.
X-ray Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
Two PANalytical Axios wavelength-Dispersive
spectrometers with full quantitative/qualitative
software package including IQ+ for
standardless applications. Sample preparation
equipment includes two Phoenix VFD automated
fusion machines for borate fusion. Claisse TheAnt
automatic flux dispneser and three Mettler moisture
analyzers
Major and minor components in refractory metals
and phosphors. Bulk analysis of tungsten carbides.
Trace analyses. Tungsten ore concentrate assays.
Co and W scrap and sludge analyses. Qualitative
survey analyses.
X-ray Diffraction
Rigaku D/Max automated system with two
goniometers, sample changer, high temperature
attachment, color graphics, and MDI Jade search/
match software.
Identification of unknown compounds.
Quantitative analyses of mixtures. Study phase
transitions at elevated temperatures. Lattice parameter and crystallite size determinations.
Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy
Carrier Gas Fusion
Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
and Fourier Transform Raman
Spectroscopy
Mass Spectrometry
DC-arc Optical Emission
Spectroscopy
UV-Visible
Spectrophotometry
ICP Spectrometer
X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer
ICP Mass Spectrometer
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
M et h o d
INSTRUMENTS
APPLI CATIONS
ICP Emission
Spectroscopy
Both the Thermo Fisher Scientific iCAP 6500 ICP
Spectrometer and IRIS ADVANTAGE ICP
Emission Spectrometer are high resolution
spectrometers with CID detection using TEVA™
software, capable of working in duo (axial and
radial) mode. Pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulization techniques are available to use depending on
sensitivity need and sample type.
Simultaneous multi-element quantitative
determination of metals in wastewaters, leachates,
process solutions, quartz sand and tubing, different
types of glass, phosphors and raw materials. Multielement semi-quantitative analysis of a variety
of matrices. A range of quantitation level from
trace to major is accomplished. Qualitative survey
analysis.
ICP Mass Spectrometry
Perkin Elmer ELAN DRCII ICP-mass spectrometer
equipped with DRC™ and Axial Field Technology
uses a process called chemical resolution to eliminate plasma-based polyatomic interferences before
they reach the quadrupole mass spectrometer with
channeltron detector.
Simultaneous multi-element quantitative
determination of metals at trace level. Qualitative
survey analysis. Isotope information is available.
Microwave Sample
Preparation
CEM Models MARS 5, 2100, and 2000 digestion
systems.
Sample preparation for solution techniques.
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
M et h o d
Laboratory Information
Management System
(LIMS)
INSTRUMENTS
APPLI CATIONS
Lab Vantage client/server LIMS with instrument connect architecture for interfacing major instruments.
Rapid acquisition, manipulation, distribution, and
control of analytical results, quality assurance data,
and management information.
SURFACE ANALYSIS / MICROSCOPY
M et h o d
INSTRUMENTS
APPLI CATIONS
Scanning Auger Microprobe
(SAM); Electron Spectroscopy for
Chemical Analysis (ESCA)
Physical Electronics Model 5702 SAM/ESCA
equipped with a dual Al/Mg standard x-ray source
and an Al monochromatic x-ray source plus ion
gun for cleaning and depth profiling. Zalar rotation for uniform sputtering.
Qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of
top few atomic layers of metals, insulators, and
semiconductors. Chemical states of elements.
Depth profiling, elemental and chemical state
mapping, point and line analysis, and secondary
electron and backscattered imaging.
Sputtered Neutral Mass
Spectrometry (SNMS);
Secondary Ion Mass
Spectrometry (SIMS)
SPECS Model INA3 SNMS/SIMS system (Leybold
AG licensed); r.f. plasma or ion gun sputtering;
quadrupole mass analyzer; high-frequency square
wave (HFSW) voltage capability for insulator application.
High sensitivity qualitative and quantitative bulk
or surface elemental analysis of conductors and
insulators. Depth profiling with excellent resolution. Information about diffusion and interactions
at interfaces. Detection and depth distribution
information on additives, trace impurities, and ionimplanted species.
Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM)
Hitachi S-3000N SEM with large stage, full
automation, low voltage, variable pressure, and
Quartz PCI System for web-based collaboration.
Secondary electron and backscattered electron
imaging. Study particle morphology, coatings,
defects.
Energy Dispersive
X-ray Spectroscopy
Integrated Oxford INCA 400 EDS system.
Identification of elements (Z>4) including
quantitative and semi quantitative analysis of
inclusions, particles, and surface contaminants. Xray mapping. Image analysis, including acquisition,
processing, and storage.
Scanning Electron Microscope
Scanning
Auger Microscope (SAM) and X-ray
Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS, ESCA)
XR F Sample Preparation Area
Material Analysis Laboratories Capabilities and Applications
PHYSICAL TESTING
Met h o d
INSTRUMENTS
APPLI CATIONS
Chemisorption
Micromeritics ASAP 2010 Chemi System
Catalyst activity: number of active sites, active
area, metal dispersion, heat of adsorption, via
chemical adsorption of active gases.
Density, Apparent
Scott Volumeter; Hall Flow Cup
Apparent (bulk) density of powders.
Density, Absolute (Skeletal)
Micromeritics AccuPyc 1330 Helium Pycnometer
Absolute (near-theoretical) density of non-porous
solids; % closed porosity of porous solids. Powders
and small solid pieces.
Density, Envelope
Micromeritics GeoPyc 1360
Envelope density of small, solid pieces (e.g., green
powder compacts) by measurement of outer, enclosed volume.
Density, Immersion
Mettler XS204 Analytical Balance
Water immersion density of small, solid pieces with
no open porosity.
Fisher Number
Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer
Average particle size estimate based on air
permeability of packed powders.
Flowability
Hall and Carney Flowmeters; Hanson Flodex
Powder Flowability Test Apparatus
Flow rate of powders; flowability index over an
arbitrary scale of 4-40.
Fracture Toughness
(Indentation)
Wilson Tukon Series 200 Microindentation
hardness tester; Nikon Epiphot 200 Microscope
Fracture toughness (KIC) via measurement of hardness indentations and cracks emanating there from.
Hardness
Instron/ Wilson Rockwell Series 2000 hardness
tester; Wilson Tukon 200 microindentation hardness tester
All Rockwell scales, Knoop, DPH (diamond
pyramid hardness), Vickers for ceramics, metals
(rod, sheet, plate, wire), and cemented carbides.
Instrumented Impact
(Charpy)
Tinius Olsen Model 74 with Dynatup
instrumentation
Absorbed impact energy and dynamic fracture data
for metals and ceramics.
Metallography
Nikon Epiphot 200 Microscope with Clemex digital
camera; Olympus SZX16 Stereomicroscope with
DP70 digital camera; Standard equipment for
metallographic specimen preparation, including
automated polishing.
Metallographic analysis (grain size, %
re-crystallization, phase analysis, etc.) of powder,
ingots, rod, wire, fabricated metal parts.
Observation and photomicrographs of metals,
ceramics, and cemented carbides. Electronic
image storage and transmission.
Particle Size
Distribution
Microtrac S3500 and UPA 150; Alpine Air-Jet
Sieve; Tyler Portable Sieve Shaker
All powders, particle size range covers from 0.003
to 1408 micrometers.
Surface Area, Porosimetry
Beta Scientific Model 4203 Surface Area Analyzer;
Micromeritics ASAP 2010 Accelerated Surface Area
and Porosimetry System
Single point estimation and full-isotherm surface
area of powders (BET, Langmuir theories). Pore size
distribution analysis, including microporosity, via
gas adsorption techniques.
Room and High Temperature
Tension /Compression/
Compressibility
Tinius Olsen H50KS (11,000 lb.);
Tinius Olsen Model 60 Super “L” (60,000 lb.)
1706 GS H2FL CM Furnace (up to 1700°C)
Ambient and high temperature mechanical
properties: compressive strength, compressibility,
transverse rupture strength, and green strength of
powders, compacts, ceramics, and metals; tensile
strength, yield strength, elongation, elastic modulus, on wire, rod, sheet (foil), and machined tensile
specimens.
Wear Rate/Coefficient of Friction
Falex Multi-Specimen Test Machine
Determination of wear rate and coefficient of
friction of materials in rubbing contact.
Zeta Potential/ Isoelectric Point
(IEP)
Colloidal Dynamics ZetaProbe
Surface charge characteristics of particle-liquid
systems. Determination of point of zero charge
(IEP) via pH titration.
Laboratory Information
GTP’s Materials Analysis Laboratories at Towanda are accredited for chemical and mechanical testing by
creditation recognizes that the laboratories, within the scope of their accreditation, meet the requirements
of Testing and Calibration Laboratories.” Testing laboratories that comply with this International Standard
formation on this accreditation, including the scope, is available upon request. Analytical services are available
schedules are available on request. For further information, write or call the Materials Analysis Laboratory
Global Tungsten & Powders Corp.
| 1 Hawes Street | Towanda, PA 18848
the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation. This acof ISO/IEC 17025, “General Requirements for the competence
also operate in accordance with ISO9001-2000. Additional into other groups in the corporation and to outside customers. Price
Manager at Global Tungsten & Powders Corp., 570-268-5341.