Bio 3 Microbes Targets
Topic
B3.13
B3.14
B3.15
B3.16
B3.17
B3.18
B3.19
B3.20
B3.21
B3.22
I can describe how microorganisms are grown in a culture medium.
I can describe the conditions that the microorganisms need in order to reproduce.
I can explain why the incubation temperature is lower in the school laboratory than in
industry.
I can recall that you need uncontaminated cultures of microorganisms to get useful
products.
I can describe how apparatus is sterilised and how this achieves a pure culture.
I can describe Spallanzani’s challenge to the theory of 'spontaneous generation'.
I can explain Schwann’s cell theory.
I can describe how Pasteur’s experiments totally refuted spontaneous generation.
I can explain what is meant by 'Biogenesis'.
I can recall that bacteria are needed to manufacture yoghurt and cheese.
I can describe the role of starter bacteria in yoghurt production.
I can describe the role of lactic acid in yoghurt manufacture and where it comes from.
I can describe the structure of yeast.
I can describe how yeast can respire aerobically and anaerobically.
I can link the products of anaerobic respiration to its use in making food and drink.
I can describe what the energy source for yeast is in brewing beer and making wine.
I can explain that alcoholic fermentation is due to the anaerobic respiration of yeast.
I can describe and explain the stages in brewing beer.
I can describe and explain the features of an industrial fermenter.
I can describe how very large numbers of microorganisms can be cultured safely.
I can describe when the release of penicillin from Penicillium occurs during its growth in
the fermenter.
I can describe how to define mycoprotein and recall which fungus produces it.
I can explain that the biomass of fungal hyphae is the product from the fermenter.
I can describe the conditions needed to produce mycoprotein.
I can describe how biogas can be produced from plants and animal waste by anaerobic
fermentation.
I can give examples of small- and large-scale biogas production.
I can evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the design of biogas generators.
I can describe how biofuels (ethanol-based fuels) are produced.
I can interpret economic and environmental data about fuel production by fermentation
and the use of these fuels.
Bio3 Exchange and balance Targets
Topic
B3.1
B3.2
B3.3
B3.4
B3.5
B3.6
B3.7
B3.8
B3.9
B3.10
B3.11
B3.12
I can recall that dissolved substances move by diffusion transport.
[H] I can explain that active transport moves substances against a concentration
gradient using energy.
I can describe how the alveoli in the lungs are adapted for gas exchange in relation to
surface area, thin walls and rich blood supply.
I can explain the role of the breathing system in the exchange of gases between the
air and the blood.
I can explain how these adaptations maximise the effectiveness of the lungs.
I can describe how the small intestine is adapted for absorption.
I can explain how the adaptations of the small intestine maximise its effectiveness for
absorption.
I can describe how carbon dioxide enters leaves, and how water and mineral ions
enter roots.
I can explain how leaves and roots are adapted as exchange surfaces.
I can explain how plants lose water from their leaves by transpiration and can suggest
in which conditions transpiration is most rapid.
I can explain how and why a plant controls the rate of transpiration in some
conditions.
I can describe how the heart pumps blood through the arteries and veins and can
identify two separate circulation systems in humans.
I can explain how substances are exchanged between body cells and the blood in
capillaries.
I can list some substances that blood plasma carries.
I can explain how oxygen is carried by haemoglobin in red blood cells.
I can describe changes that take place in the body during exercise and explain that
they supply sugar and oxygen to cells faster, and remove carbon dioxide more rapidly.
I can interpret data relating to the effects of exercise on the body.
I can explain when muscles become fatigued and that anaerobic respiration supplies
energy to muscle cells if not enough oxygen is available.
[H] I can describe how anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid and some energy,
and results in an oxygen debt that has to be repaid.
I can describe how a healthy kidney filters blood, reabsorbs sugar and any ions and
water that the body needs and produces urine that contains urea, excess ions and
water.
[H] I can explain that sugar and dissolved ions may be actively absorbed in the
kidneys.
I can describe how a person with kidney failure may be treated using dialysis to
remove waste substances and maintain the concentration of useful substances in the
blood.
I can evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of dialysis treatment.
I can describe how a person with kidney failure may be given a kidney transplant, and
that this involves tissue matching and immunosuppressant drugs.
I can evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of kidney transplants.