Medicine since 1900
TASK: You need to make flash cards from these questions and answers or a mind map or any other way
you find it easy to revise and retain knowledge. You must revise this knowledge for 10-15 minutes each
day and it will go into your long-term memory. You will be tested on this two weeks from when you
receive the HW. If you have completed the task accurately you should be getting between 25-30 correct.
1. What type of cures did better knowledge of microbes led to in the 20th Century?
a. Magic Bullets.
2. Who discovered the first Magic Bullet and when?
a. Dr Hata, 1909.
3. What was the first magic bullet?
a. Salvarsan 606
4. Who discovered the second Magic Bullet and when?
a. Gerhard Domagk, 1932.
5. What was the second Magic Bullet?
a. Prontosil.
6. What factors helped the development of Magic Bullets?
a. Government funding.
b. Communication.
7. What did other scientists checking Domagk’s work also discover?
a. The key ingredient in Prontosil ‘sulphonamide’ also cured pneumonia, scarlet fever and meningitis.
8. What were the substances used to cure bacterial infections called?
a. Antibiotics.
9. Who discovered the first antibiotic?
a. Alexander Fleming.
10. What was the name of the first antibiotic?
a. Penicillin.
11. When was the first antibiotic discovered?
a. 1928
12. What prevented Fleming from continuing his research?
a. Lack of funding.
13. Who continued Fleming’s research into penicillin several years later?
a. Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and their team.
14. What enabled Florey and Chain to mass produce penicillin?
a. US entering the war.
b. US government providing funding.
15. Who showed that human characteristics could be passed between generations in the 20th Century?
a. Mendal
16. What 20th Century technology allowed scientists to analyse human cells in greater detail?
a. Electron microscope.
b. X-rays.
17. Who discovered that genetic codes of DNA fitted together?
a. Watson and Crick.
18. Who worked out the double helix structure of DNA in 1953?
a. Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin.
19. Who started identifying and mapping every gene in the human DNA and when?
a. James Watson, 1990 – The Human Genome Project.
20. List 3 new possibilities that understanding more about genes has presented.
a. Improved vaccines.
b. Better insulin for diabetics.
c. New techniques for skin grafts.
d. Better understanding of conditions such as Down’s Syndrome.
e. Better understanding of whether people might develop certain types of cancer.
f. The discovery that stem cells can be grown in different cells.
21. Until 1948 who offered basic care for the poor?
a. Infirmaries.
b. Asylums.
c. Fever houses.
22. Until 1948, who was most of the health care still done by?
a. Women in the house, using folk or herbal remedies or patent medicines bought from a chemist.
23. Why did only the wealthy use doctors?
a. They charged for each visit.
24. What 20th Century technology can be used for research?
a. X-ray crystallography.
b. Electron Microscope.
25. What 20th Century technology can be used for treatment?
a. Pacemakers.
b. Dialysis machines.
c. Incubators.
d. Radiotherapy.
e. Hypodermic needles.
26. What 20th Century technology can be used for diagnosis?
a. X-ray machines.
b. MRI scans.
c. CT scans.
d. Ultrasound scans.
e. Endoscopes.
27. What 20th Century technology can be used for monitoring?
a. Blood pressure kits.
b. Blood sugar level kits.
28. Describe a doctors training in the 20th Century.
a. Wide range of study: theory and practical and takes about 7 years after which you can choose to
specialise. They then continue training in new drugs and technology.
29. Describe a nurses training in the 20th Century.
a. They have to complete a nursing degree or diploma taking 3 years with a wide range of theory and
practical work on different wards. They then continue training in new drugs and technology.
30. List 3 scientific issues regarding medical developments in this period?
a. Sometimes unforeseen consequences like the drug thalidomide in the 1960s.
b. Some people object on moral or religious grounds to some kinds of research e.g. embryo.
c. Some bacteria are now resistant to antibiotics so stronger alternatives are needed.